= Problem 1: Properties of water and steam Thermodynamics Course Chemical Engineering Department - International Class FTUI ‘Andy is @ second-year chemical engineering student ay UID (University of Indonesia Depok). They were told ‘to form groups consisting of four students and to learn thermodynamics using a method called PBL, Andy believes that as a university student, he should be able to learn more independently not to depend too much on the lecturers. Now, the instructor asked the students not just to learn independently... but also interdependently! Andy is determined to master this new way of learning. The instructor informed the thermodynamics class that he will give a test on PVT and thermodynamic properties of water and steam. The students have two weeks to learn this topic. The instructor told the students that water is used in many biological, chemical and physical processes known to man. Not to mention that our body consist of 70-% water by weight! There are so many fluids to choose from, and therefore, learning the PVT and thermodynamic properties of water seems important and fun! ‘The students are expected to learn the topics listed in Table 1 before they take the exam. Andy was in a group together with Kira, Sesia and Wiro who suggested that they do assignment by following the problem- solving steps as developed by Prof. Donald Woods and suggested by their instructor. Table 1. Topics related to properties of water and steam # | Topics ‘Sub-topics: 1 | Phases: Phases of a substance, saturated condition, equilibria between phases, Gibbs phase rule and phase equilibria, phase changes along certain processes, intensive and extensive variables 2 | PVT data Data related to processes in our daily life, examples of processes at constant T or P, critical point of water 3 | Using steam table Kira’s suggestions Kira suggested thet after learning about topic #1, they should be able to explain the PVT properties of a fluid using a PVT diagram such as shown below. It also means they could discuss it using the Gibbs phase rule, waia’s suggestions sia agrees with Kira and added that after they are able to explain the PVT diagrams in general and {qualitative terms, they should apply it to water (including the other two forms: ice and steam) and start to collect more quantitative data. She mentioned, for example, that water freezes at (or very close to) 0°C. Sesia also suggested that they are able to the explain shape of the PVT surfaces, for example why the solid phase is very steep compared to the surfaces of the other two phases. About the reablife behavior of water-ice-steam system, Sesia believes that the group should be able the explain the following phenomena: why skaters could glide easily across ice wearing an ice-skating shoes, why shallow ponds are not completely filled with ice during heavy and long winter, why it takes longer to boil eggs on Himalaya mountain compared to in the city of Jakarta (on similar cooking utensils, amount of water, eggs, and heating conditions). ‘Wiro’s suggestions Wiro suggested to learn how to read steam tables, both for the saturated and the superheated steam sections, including doing the interpolation. Wiro suggested that the group solve the followings problems to prepare for the exam: Determine the phase or phases in a system consisting of H20 at the following conditions and sketch p-v and T-v diagrams showing the location of each state. (a) 5 bar, 151.9¢, (b) 5 bar, 200C. (c) 200¢, 2.5 MPa. Two kg of a two-phase, liquid-vapor mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) exists at 40°C in a 0.05 m3 tank. Determine the quality of the mixture, if the values of specific volume for saturated liquid and saturated vapor CO; at 40°C are 0.896x10" m3/kg and 3.824x10* m3/kg, respectively. Steam is contained in a closed rigid container with 2 volume of 1 m3. Initially, the pressure and temperature of the steam are 7 bar and 500C, respectively. The temperature drops as a result of heat transfer to the surroundings. Determine the temperature at which condensation first occurs, in C, and the fraction of the total mass that has condensed when the pressure reaches 0.5 bar. What is the volume, in m’, occupied by saturated liquid at the final state? 22Probie | : Uroperfres of water aud Sfeern =) kesprece fy kira's sugge hia PUT deagram > CFB ,T) Coerdlinalis showing On2 er pucre shared at eywililriam For Ho tra phase are ice (set, S )phace , welir (lgusd, & )ylser wud waktr voger (Caper, 2) place » Pressure F) = y i S & 5 t sy tc jsotheruel Uae Cisotharn) Te please 6g) Hak 6 cheble ba certrin (4,7) shown ao 4 surfreels), For exauiple, read place ts shbhe at lover teuyparaleires (ruparsd h Fre Biguad place aud Hla vaper place is shell. A Inver PAssurer enum lta, Bisuid please at He Some teruperabitra, Using a ples diagram, We canbs beeen bru a pare subihoce euch ao Hid chang from plan br wether if we reduce tee pressare ab eriteat bouryaraliere. Calrg aa (srtterin). Aba suffer willy Legh pressure Geta, alin oxist aa hist Uf wer reduce fre pressure ; fe emg rated A erapresced = as ao iz uatr letnat, 0 solace Myutd (souk b) which w spe lebrrriam UK asbarited vypre (poid ¢), We algs bene Hast dari phar hour hin nuh an waprrahin (69 6) 07 ontiur abr Cop bh), frAEWe wll ke carr of We wwwintrin, He benyecaline Crs Cit Coduwvwrr), Further docroane of pressure vill chase He cable place ty superhicDAd vaprr sta (poeta).