Invasive plants

Penting untuk dipahami

(Essential Understandings)
• An invasive plant adalah suatu non-native plant
yg tumbuh dan mengambil-alih area alami.
• Ada ratusan tumbuhan terrestrial dan tumbuhan
aquatic invasive yang menimbulkan ancaman
ekonomi dan ekologi.
• Invasive plants menyebar dengan cepat dan
menggantikan tumbuhan native species.
• Perlu diketahui umum cara mengidentifikasi,
mendeteksi, dan mengendalikan tumbuhan
berbahaya ini.
 Definition
• “What is an invasive plant species?”
• invasive plant is a plant that grows over or
displaces native plants and agricultural crops
• native plant is a plant found in an an area
before man settlers the area.
• non-native plant is a plant introduced to an
area after settlers arrived (non-native species
≠ invasive species)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF INVASIVES
• Kebanyakan species invasive memiliki trait tertentu
yang membuat mereka sukses dalam habitat yang
mereka invasi. Invasive plants umumnya:
• mentolerir kondisi lingkungan dalam kisaran luas.
• bereproduksi lebih awal, sering dalam jumlah besar dan
dalam beberapa cara.
• Tumbuh dengan cepat
• Bertahan dalam upaya-upaya pengendalian
• Umumnya tidak ada atau sedikit memiliki nilai ekonomi.
• Ingat bahwa tidak semua non-native species
mengancam; sebahagian berguna. Hanya 25%
yg bukan native alami invader menjadi gulma
serius pertanian (Daehler, 1998).
• The International Union for Conservation of Nature
and Natural Resources (IUCN) provides a three-part
definition of invasive species (McNeely, 2001):
• An alien species that becomes established in natural or
seminatural ecosystems or habitats, is an agent of
change, and threatens native biological diversity.
• Plant introduction occurs when a plant or its
propagule(s) has been transported intentionally or
accidentally by human action across a major
geographical barrier
• However, these non-native populations may
not become invasive.
• Invasive species produce numerous offspring
that reside away from the parent population.
• Common weeds are those plants that may or
may not be aliens that grow where they are
not wanted and whose presence leads to
undesirable economic or environmental
effects.
• The US government’s Executive Order 13112 (1999) defined
alien, invasive, and native species as follows:
• An alien species is defined with respect to a particular
ecosystem as any species including its seeds, eggs, spores,
or other biological material capable of propagating that
species, that is not native to that ecosystem.
• An invasive species is an alien (a non-native) whose
introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or
environmental harm or harm to human health.
• A native species is one that as a result of introduction,
historically occurs or currently occurs in a particular
ecosystem.
 Dampak (Impacts)
• Dampak invasive weeds umumnya irreversible
• Dampak invasive species dapat berupa
– Social
– Economic
– Environmental
• Indigineous species sangat rentan karena
dihambat invasive spesies
 Invasive species di Indonesia
(Sankaran dan Suresh, 2013)

Species Asal origin

• Acacia ferniciana
• Acacia mearnsii
• Adenantera pavonina
• Ageratina adenaphora
• Ageratum conyzoides
• Tropical and subtropical America
• South and East Australia
• Southeast China and India
• Mexico
• Central and south America & The west Indies

• Ardisia crenata • Southeast Asia

• Ardisia elliptica
• Argemone mexicana
• Bidens pilosa
• Caesalpinia decapetala
• Carduus nutans
• South and East Asia
• Mexico and West Indies
• Temperate and Tropical America
• Tropical Asia
• Asia and Europe
 Invasive species di Indonesia
Species
• Causarina ecuisetifolia
• Cedrela odorata
• Cenchrus clandestinus
• Chromolaena odorata
• Cinnamomum camphora
• Clidemia hirta
• Coccinia grandis
• Dalbergia sissoo
• Eugenia uniflora
• Falcataria moluccana
• Hiptage benghalensis
• Imperata cylindrica
• Lantana camara
Asal origin
• Australia and Souteast Asia
• West Indies South to the Amazone Basin
• Tropical East Africa
• Tropical America
• East Asia
• Central and South America
• Tropical Africa &South and Southeast Asia
• Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan
• Tropical South America
• Moluccas, PNG, New Britain, Solomon Islands
• South and Southeast Asia
• Pantropical
• Central and South America
 Invasive species di Indonesia
Species
• Leucaena leucocephala
• Ligustum robustum
• Macfadyena unguis-cati
• Maesopsis eminii
• Melia azedarach
• Merremia peltata
• Miconia calvescens
• Mikania micrantha
• Mimosa pigra
• Mimosa pudica
• Parthenium hysteprophorus
• Physalis peruviana
• Piper aduncum
• Prosopis julifora
Asal origin
• Mexico and Central America
• South and Southeast Asia & China
• Central and South America
• West and Central Africa
• Southeast Asia and Northeast Australia
• Africa, Asia and Pacific Islands
• Central and South America
• Central and South America
• Mexico, South n Central America n the Carribean
• Central and South America
• Mexico, South n Central America n the Carribean
• Tropical South America
• Central and South America, & Mexico
 Invasive species di Indonesia
Species
• Psidium guajava
• Pteridium aquilinum
• Pueraria montana var. lobata
• Robinia pseudoacacia
• Rubus niveus
• Saccharum spontaneum
• Sida acuta
• Spathodea campalunata
• Sphagneticola trilobata
• Ulex europaeus
• Urochloa maxima
• Verbena brasiliensis
• Zizipus mauritiana
Asal origin
• Tropical and Subtropical America
• Africa, Asia, Europe & North America
• Northeast & Southeast Asia, & the Pacific
• Southeast US
• Tropical Africa & Asia
• Central America
• West Africa
• Mexico, Central & South America & the Carribean
• Central and West Europe, and the British Islands
• Africa
• South America
• South Asia and East Africa