NON SINUSOIDAL VOLTAGE – NON SINUSOIDAL CURRENT

PROBLEM

 
A periodic, sinusoidal voltage of instantaneous value given by V  2 200sin t  200sin 2t  30  is applied to a

0

nonlinear impedance. The resulting instantaneous current is given by:

iL  2 20sin t  45o   10sin  2t  60o   10sin 3t  60o 

Calculate the components SLR, SLX, and SLD of the load apparent voltamperes and compare it with classical value PL, QL,
and DL.

SOLUTION

The presence of load nonlinearity causes frequency components of load current (i.e. the third harmonic terms) that is not
present in the supplied voltage. The rms voltage and current at the supply are:

V 2  V12  V2 2  200 2  2002  8.104 Volt 2

2 2 2
 20 2   10 2   10 2 
IL 2
 I  I 2  I 3  
1
2 2 2
        600 A
2

 2   2   2 

The load apparent voltamperes SL therefore has a value defined in terms V and I L .

S 2  V 2 I L 2  8.104 x 6.102  48.106 VA

2

Before obtaining the value of SLR, SLX, and SLD, we have to breakdown the superposition for each part from instantaneous
current (iL).

iL1  20 2 sin t  450 

 20 2  sin t cos 450  cos t sin 450 
 20 2 cos 450 sin t  20 2 sin 450 cos t

iL 2  10 2 sin  2t  600 


 10 2 sin  2t  300   300 

 10 2 sin  2t  300  cos 300  cos  2t  300  sin 300 
 10 2 cos 300 sin  2t  300   10 2 sin 300 cos  2t  300 

iL3  10 2 sin  2t  600 

The value of iL3 is no needed to breakdown because that part is only appear from the load, not by supply voltage.
Instantaneous expressions of the hypothetical currents iR, iX, iD are given by

iR  20 2 cos 450 sin t  10 2 cos 300 sin  2t  300 

2 2
 20 2 cos 450   10 2 cos 300 
I LR 2
     
 2   2 

   5 3 
2 2
 10 2
 275 A2

iX  20 2 sin 450 cos t  10 2 sin 300 cos  2t  300 

2 2
 20 2 sin 450   10 2 sin 300 
I LX 2
     
 2   2 

    5
2
 10 2
2

 225 A2

iD  10 2 sin  2t  600 

2
 10 2 
I LD 2
  
 2 
 100 A2

Note that current components iR and iX contain only those harmonic terms which are common to both voltage and current.
The rms load current components I LR , I LX , I LD are found, as expected to sum to the total rms load current I .

I LR 2  I LX 2  I LD 2  I  600 A2

So, the components SLR, SLX, and SLD of the load apparent voltamperes can be obtained.

 V 2 I LR 2  8.104 x 275  22 x 106 VA 

2 2
S LR
 V 2 I LX 2  8.104 x 225  18 x 106 VA 
2 2
S LX
 V 2 I LD 2  8.104 x 100  8 x 106 VA 
2 2
S LD

The component voltamperes are seen to sum to the total apparent voltamperes.

2
S LR  S LX
2
 S LD
2
 S L2
  22  18  8  x 106
 48.106 VA
2

Finally, the componen of PL, QL, and DL are found as follows:

 2
 2 
P    Vn .I n cos n 
L
2

 n 1 
 
2
 V1.I1 cos 1  V2 .I 2 cos 2

   200 x 20 x cos 45    200 x 10 x cos 30  

2
0 0

 
2
 10002 2 2  3
 20.8 x 106 Watt  S L2

2
 2 
Q    Vn .I n sin n 
2
L
 n 1 
 
2
 V1.I1 sin 1  V2 .I 2 sin 2

   200 x 20 x sin 45    200 x 10 x sin 30  

2
0 0

 
2
 10002 2 2  1
 14.6 x 106 Watt

DL2  S L2  PL2  QL2

  48  20.8  14.6  x 106
 12.6 x 106 VA  S D2

From the possible compensation viewpoint it is interesting to note that S LX and QL differ by signinficant amount. S LX
could be defined as “that component of the load apparent voltamperes that is obtained by the combination of supply voltage
harmonics with quadrature Components of corresponding frequency load current harmonics”.

Similarly the definition of active voltamperes S LR could be given by “that component of the load apparent voltamperes that
is obtained by the combination of supply voltage harmonics with in-phase components of corresponding frequency load
current harmonics”. Both S LR and S LX are entirely fictitious and non-physical. The active voltamperes S LR is not to be
compares in importance with the average power PL which is a real physical property of the circuit. Term S LR is merely the
analytical complement of term S LX .

Term S LX , the energy-storage reactive voltamperes, is that component of the load apparent voltamperes that can be entirely
compensated (for sinusoidal supply voltage) or minimized (for nonsinusoidal supply voltage) by energy-storage methods.