Electromagnetic Methods

Doddy Sutarno
 Objective

Memberikan prinsip dan konsep
dasar metoda EM dan aplikasinya.

Setelah mengikuti kuliah ini,
mahasiswa mampu untuk
menerapkan metoda EM untuk
keperluan eksplorasi maupun studi
kebumian.
 Electromagnetic Methods
• Introduction
• Review of EM Theory & Basic Principles
• EM Field Quantities & Relationships
• Maxwell Equations & Wave Solutions
• Diffusive Regime & Skin Depth
• EM Wave Propagation & Attenuation
• EM Spectrum
• Classification of EM Methods

Magnetotelluric (MT) Methods
– MT Sources & Field Procedures
– MT Response Functions
– MT Data Processing & Analysis
– Interpretation
– Field Examples

CSAMT Methods
– CSAMT Sources & Field Procedures
– CSAMT Response Functions
– CSAMT Data Processing & Analysis
– Interpretation
– Field Examples

Continuous Wave (CW) Or Frequency Domain
EM Methods
– CW Measurement
– Measurement Problem & Solution
– Targets & Resolution
– Noise Sources
– Processing & Interpretation

Transient EM (TEM) Methods

– Current Diffusion
– TEM Measurements
– Ground Survey & Configurations
– Airborne Survey
– Noise Sources
– Data Presentation & Interpretation
 References

Telford W.F. & Godart, Applied Geophysics,
Cambridge Univ. Press., 1985

Nabighian (ed), Electromagnetic Method in
Applied Geophysics - Theory, SEG, 1989

Nabighian (ed), Electromagnetic Method in
Applied Geophysics - Applications, SEG, 1991

Vozoff (ed), Magnetotelluric Methods, SEG, 1989.

Zonge K., Controlled Source Audio MT, Zonge Inc.
1989.

Kaufman, A. A. and Keller, G. V., Frequency and
transient sounding, Elsevier. 1983

Journal & Conference Papers
 Assessment

Examination: UTS, UAS

Quiz

Assignment

Paper

Presentation
 Introduction

EM field Resistivity
Structure

EARTH

Geological
Structure
Resistivity: Important Parameter
Introduction (cont.)
− Lithology Geological Features:
− Porosity
 • Mineral Deposit
ρ ( x, y , z ) : 
− Temperature • Geothermal Source
− Fluid Content • Oil & Gas Reservoirs

Application Depth Range θ Range Freq. Range

(m) (ohm-meter) (Hz)
Ground Water 10-100 1-100 0.1-10000
Mineral 10-2000 0.1-1000 0.1-10000
Geothermal 100-100000 0.1-1000 0.01-100
Oil/Gas 100-100000 0.1-1000 0.001-10
Deep Crust/U.M. 1000-300000 0.1-100000 0.0001-10
 2 ∂ 2E ∂E
∇ E − µε − µσ =0
EM Methods ∂t 2
∂t
2
∂ H ∂H
∇ 2 H − µε 2
− µσ =0
∂t ∂t
1000 ms 100 ms 10 ms 1 ms 100 µs 10 µs 1 µs 100 ns 10 ns

TEM/LOTEM
∂E
∇ 2 E − µσ = 0
∂t GPR
∂H
∇ 2 H − µσ = 0 RMT
MT ∂t Waves
Diffusion process phenomenon
CSAMT 2 ∂ 2E
∇ E − µε 2 = 0
∂t
AMT VLF 2 ∂ 2H
∇ H − µε 2 = 0
∂t
1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz