SCHAUM'S SOLVED

PROBLEMS SERIES
2000 SOLVED PROBLEMS IN

MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
THERMODYNAMICS
by

Peter E. LUey, Ph.D.

Purdue Üniversity

McGRAW-HIIX PUBLISHING COMPANY

New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas
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 CONTENTS

Chapter 1 BASIC C O N C E P T S
Pressure / Volume / Temperature / Mass / Mass Flow Rate / Capacity /
Velocity / Acceleration of Gravity / Work and Energy

Chapter 2 T H E R M O D Y N A M I C P R O P E R T I E S O F F L U I D S . I D E A L GASES
Ideal Gas Processes / Real Fluid Processes / One- and Two-Phase Processes /
Tabular Data Acquisition / Quality / Compressibility Factor / Cntical Point /
Specific Heat at Constant Pressure / Enthalpy of Vaporization / Enthalpy of
Fusion / Enthalpy of Sublimation / Entropy Change / Gas Constant (Pure
Substances) / Gas Constant (Mixtures) / Steam Table Usage / Ideal Gas
Equation / Tds Equations / Miscellaneous

Chapter 3 FIRST A N D S E C O N D LAWS O F T H E R M O D Y N A M I C S F O R

C L O S E D SYSTEMS 64
First Law of Thermodynamics / ßoundary Work / Paddle-Wheel Work / Spring
Work / Electrical Work / Joule's Law / Mixing / Heat and Work Reservoirs /
Incompressible Materials / Second Law of Thermodynamics / Entropy
Principle / Heat Conduction / Miscellaneous
98
Chapter 4 R E A L F L U I D S . (11- H
Generalized Compressibility Factor Charts / Critical Point / The Maxwell
Relations / Ciausius-Clapeyron Equation / Joule-Thompson Coefficient /
Derived Latent-Heat Equations / Generalized Thermodynamic Relations / Vina!
Expansion / Phase Transitions / Miscellaneous

Chapter 5 STEADY A N D T R A N S I E N T FLOWS 138

Continuity Equation / Energy Equation for Steady Flow / Subsonic Nozzle
Flow / Throttling Calorimeter / Separating and Throttling Calorimeter /
Incompressible Fluids / Subsonic Diffusers / Turbines / Compressors / Heat
Exchangers; Fluid Mixing / Joint Mass and Energy Conservation / Entropy
Generation / Transient Flow / Miscellaneous and Shorter Problems

Chapter 6 T H E C A R N O T C Y C L E 172
Air Carnot Cycle / Carnot Heat Pump / Carnot Refrigerator / R12 Carnot
Refrigerator / R12 Carnot Heat Pump / R12 Carnot Heat Engine / Water
Substance Carnot Refrigerator / Water Substance Carnot Heat Pump / Water
Substance Carnot Heat Engine / Stacked Carnot Refrigerators / Stacked Carnot
Heat Pumps / Stacked Carnot Heat Engines / Carnot Heat Engine Dnving a
Carnot Refrigerator / Clausius Inequality
191
Chapter 7 GAS C Y C L E S
The iPa Cycle / The iVa Cycle / Lenoir Cycle; Further lPa and iVa Cycles /
Otto Cycle / Diesel Cycle / Sabatier-Trinkler, or Dual, Cycle / Atkinson Cycle /
A-L-A-L Cycle / Miscellaneous Cycles / Open Systems: Brayton and Stirling
Cycles
234
Chapter 8 VAPOR CYCLES
252
Chapter 9 PSYCHROMETRY
Basic Notions / Simple Heating or Cooling / Heating and Humidincation /
Evaporative Cooling / Cooling Towers / Dehumidification with Reheating /
Heating or Cooling / Adiabatic Mixing / Work Interactions (Fanning) / Air
Conditioning / Respiration
iv 0 CONTENTS

Chapter 10 R E F R I G E R A T I O N 276
Carnot Refrigerator / Brayton Refrigerator / Vapor Refrigeration Cycle / Air
Liquefaction / Stacked Cycles

Chapter 11 C O M B U S T I O N : FIRST LAW A N D E Q U A T I O N B A L A N C I N G 290

Combustion Equations / Orsat Analysis / Enthalpy of Formation / First-Law
Considerations / Higher and Lower Heating Values

Chapter 12 T H E S E C O N D LAW A P P L I E D TO C O M B U S T I O N 310

Basic Concepts / Dissociation of a Single Substance / Heat Effects of
Dissociation / Miscellaneous Topics

Chapter 13 M I S C E L L A N E O U S T O P I C S 322
Statistical Thermodynamics / Transport Properties / Gaseous Thermal
Conductivity / Liquid Thermal Conductivity / Gaseous Viscosity / Liquid
Viscosity / Various / Closed-System Availability / Open-System Availability

Chapter 14 S U P P L E M E N T A L A N D REVISORY P R O B L E M S 336

Chapter 1 / Chapter 2 / Chapter 3 / Chapter 4 / Chapter 5 / Chapter 6 /
Chapter 7 / Chapter 8 / Chapter 9 / Chapter 10 / Chapter 11 / Chapter 12 /
Chapter 13 / Miscellaneous

Appendix A Properties of Water Substance 369

Appendix B Properties of Superheated Air at Atmospheric Pressure 381

Appendix C Properties of Refrigerant 12 384

Appendix D Molecular Weights and Critical Parameters of 25 C o m m o n Fluids 391

Appendix E Compressibility Factor Charts 392

Appendix F Psychrometric Tables and Charts 395

Appendix G Thermochemical Tables 400

Appendix H Temperature Dependence of the Equilibrium Constant for Several

Gaseous Dissociations 405