C Collins Grammar and

PRIMARY Punctuation
Pupil Book 1
Louis Fidge
 C Collins
PRIMARY
k
FOCUS A

Grammar and
Punctuation
Pupil Book 1

Louis Fidge
 Contents

Unit
1 Writing sentences
2 Verbs (1)
3 Nouns (1)
4 Adjectives (1)
5 Speech marks
6 Articles (a or an)
7 Verbs (2)
8 Nouns (2)
9 Adjectives (2)
10 Prepositions
Progress Unit A
11 Proper nouns
12 Paragraphs
13 Verbs (past and present tenses)
14 Using commas
15 Singular and plural
16 Exclamation marks
17 Connectives
18 Verbs (to be)
19 Revision: nouns, verbs, adjectives
20 Grammar and punctuation
Progress Unit B
 Writing sentences

A sentence is a group of words that makes sense on its own.

A sentence starts with a capital letter.
Most sentences end with a full stop.

The caterpillar is eating a leaf.

This is a sentence.
It makes sense.

wiggling up and down

This is not a sentence.
It does not make sense on its own.

Getting started
Which of these are sentences?
Copy only the sentences.
1. Most caterpillars are green.
2. A spider has eight legs.
3. in the night
4. Snails live in shells.
5. is very sunny
6. A fly has wings.
7. like a star
8. Worms live under the ground.
 Match the beginning and ending of each sentence.
Write each complete sentence.
The first one has been done to help you.
1. A b ir d ------ fly at night.
2. Frogs S. has prickles.
3. A hedgehog — flies in the sky.
4. Bats moves very slowly.
5. A tortoise change into butterflies.
6. Caterpillars live in ponds.

\. A bird flies in the sky.

if

[ Practise your punctuation •3 • •

Arrange these words so that they make sentences.

Remember to put in the capital letters and full
1 . sting wasps
2 . are busy ants always
3. grow frogs tadpoles into
4. a tail mouse a long has
5. noise bees a buzzing make
6. their spiders catch in webs insects
 Verbs (1)

A verb is a word that describes actions.

A verb tells us what someone is doing or what is happening.

The farmer drives his tractor.

/
This is a verb. It tells us what the farmer is doing.

Getting started
Copy these sentences.
Underline the verb in each sentence.
The first one has been done to help you.
1. The girl digs the garden.
2. She plants some seeds.
3. The girl waters the seeds.
4. The seeds grow into lovely flowers.
5. The girl picks the flowers.
6. She gives the flowers to her Gran.
Choose a verb from the box to complete each sentence.

sells paints climbs works teaches mends types flies

1. A fa rm e r__________on a farm.

2. A p ilo t__________ aeroplanes.

3. A b a k e r__________ bread and cakes.

4. A se cre ta ry__________ letters.

5. A m ountaineer__________ mountains.

6. A p lu m b e r__________ burst pipes.

7. A te a c h e r__________children.

8. An a rtis t__________ pictures.

Practise your punctuation

1. Write these sentences correctly.
Remember to put in the capital letters and full stops.
a) one day a farmer was digging his field
b) it was hot work
c) suddenly his spade hit something hard
d) the farmer dug faster
e) he found a small wooden box
f) the farmer opened the box

2. Underline the verb in each sentence.

3. Now write a sentence about what the farm er found in the box.
Try to think of something surprising.
 Nouns (1)

A noun is a naming word.

tree cow field _ gate hedge

These five words are the names of things. They are all nouns.

Getting started
All these things come from cows.

milk cheese butter cream ice cream

Copy these sentences. Choose a noun from the box to fill each gap.
1. I s p re a d __________on my bread.
2. Vanilla is my favourite flavour o f _________ .
3. I like to drink a glass o f _________ .
4. Strawberries a n d __________are lovely.
5. You can p u t __________ in a sandwich.
1. Copy these sentences. There are two nouns in each sentence.
Underline each noun.
a) Hens lay eggs.
b) The horse ran out of the stable.
c) Wool comes from sheep.
d) The cat chased a mouse.
2. Copy this table.
Write the names of five different animals in each column.
........................ a
Animals you can
Farm animals Wild animals
keep as pets

\
\

v J

3. Write three sentences.

Use a noun from every column in each sentence.

Practise your punctuation ts”

Match a verb to each noun to make sentences.
The first one has been done to help you.
Remember to use a capital letter and a full stop in each sentence.
Cows moo.
Nouns Verbs
cows dogs bray moo
cats birds bleat neigh
mice sheep sing mew
horses donkeys squeak bark
 Adjectives (1)

An adjective is a describing word.

Adjectives tell us more about nouns.

a white goose an enormous nest a golden egg

These three words are adjectives.

They tell us more about the nouns. \

Getting started
Copy these sentences. Underline the adjective in each sentence.
2. 3.

Jack sold the He planted the Jack clim bed the

brown cow. magic beans. tall beanstalk.

Jack saw an He hid from the Jack stole the

old castle. fierce giant. bag of gold coins.
1. Copy these sentences.
Choose the correct adjective to fill each gap.
a) The bridge w a s _________ . (loud, wooden, soft)
b) The river w a s . (wide, sharp, new)
c) The forest w a s . (fat, high, dark)

2. Now write five sentences using the adjectives in the box.

sad funny soft muddy hungry

1. Copy these sentences about a clown.

Put in the capital letters and fuii stops.
a) the funny clown had a red nose
b) he wore a yellow jacket and baggy trousers
c) the clown had long legs and big boots
d) his tall hat had a pink feather in it

2. Now underline all the adjectives in the sentences.

Q
 Speech marks

Speech marks and speech bubbles show that someone is speaking.

I like to watch television in the evenings.

Mr Samir said, "I like to watch television in the evenings."

We write what the person says inside the speech marks

Getting started
I will put away
I will tidy up
the books.
the cupboard

I will clean
the brushes
I will feed
the rabbit

Write what each of the children said.

1. Ahmed said, “___________ ■’
2. Bami said, “_______________________________ ■”
3. ,” said James.
4. “ ,” said Lucy.

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Complete these conversations.
Answer each question inside the speech marks.
1. Where is my t-sh irt? ” Sophie asked.
_______________________________ her mum answered.
2. What would you like for your birthday?” Mrs Jenkins asked.
_______________________________ replied John.
3. Why have you got an umbrella?” the man asked.
_______________________________ the woman said.
4. The driver asked, “ How do I get to the High Street?”
The girl said, “_______________________________ .”

Practise your punctuation • I • I

Copy these sentences. Put in the missing speech marks.

1. Can you come out to play? Colin asked.
2. I cannot find my tie anywhere, Mr Bentall grumbled.
3. Be quick or we will miss the bus, called Laila.
4. Your tea is on the table, Mrs Carter said to her son.
5. The weather is horrible today, complained Mr Shah.
 Articles (a or an)

We use an in front of a word that begins with a vowel.

There are five vowels: a e i o u
We use a in front of a word that begins with a consonant.
All letters that are not vowels are called consonants.

y an apple ,/ a banana
x
Try changing the a and the an around. \

a apple }( an banana
The words don’t sound right.

Getting started
Write a or an before each of these nouns.
1. Write a or an in front of each of these adjectives.
Then think of a noun to go with each adjective.
The first one has been done to help you.
a) cm exciting adventure b ) ___ h o t__________
c) o ld _______________ d ) _lo n g ______
e) c le v e r______________ f)________in te re stin g _
g) p re tty ______________ h ) __a m a zin g __

2. Now use four of your answers to write four sentences.

Practise your punctuation • 5

» 9 I CC $$
t .

1. Write each sentence correctly adding a or an to fill each gap.

Don’t forget to add the missing capital letters and punctuation.
a) do you want to h a v e apricot for lunch
b) the bee flew in to open w indow
c) donkey carried the clim ber’s bags on its back
d) where can we b u y map from? asked the walker
e) pair of glasses were found in the grass
f) look at the bird perched on the back o f elephant, said amil

2. Write two of your own sentences, one using a and one using an.
Remember to punctuate your sentences correctly.

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r

Verbs (2)

Remember, a verb tells us what someone is doing or what is happening

What is Sam doing?

Sam is singing.

Sometimes verbs can be made up of more than one word

Getting started
What are the children doing?
Copy the verbs that describe what the children are doing

shouting sleeping sitting playing singing

drinking eating writing painting dancing
hiding skipping jumping laughing reading
Copy these sentences. Choose a verb from the box to fill each gap.

eating reading watching barking drinking delivering looking

1. Tom i s _________ television.

2. S a m is _________out of the window.
3. The baby i s __________ her dinner.
4. The postman i s _________ some letters.
5. The dog i s __________at the postman.
6. Mrs Green i s __________a newspaper.
7. The cat i s __________a bowl of milk.

Practise your punctuation

1. Every sentence must have a verb in it.
Add a verb and write each sentence correctly.
The first one has been done to help you.
Remember to use capital letters and full stops correctly.
a) the footballer the ball
The footballer is kicking the ball.
b) the baker some bread
c) a boy over the wall
d) a pilot an aeroplane
e) the girl her bike

2 . Underline the verb in

each of your sentences.

B
 Nouns (2)

Remember, a noun is a naming word.

teacher school window

\\
A noun is the name of a person, place or thing. \

Getting started
1. Choose a noun from the box to fill each gap.
The first one has been done to help you.

stable pond shell nest den burrow web hive

a) An ant lives in a nest

b) A rabbit lives in a _____
c) A bee lives in a _______
d) A horse lives in a _____
e) A snail lives in a ______
f) A spider lives in a _____
g) A lion lives in a _______
h) A frog lives in a _______

2. Now underline the two nouns in each sentence.

Here are some groups of nouns. Underline the odd one out.
Explain your answer. The first one has been done to help you.
1. horse sheep bus cow

Bus is the odd one out.

The others are all names of animals.
2 . apple shoe boot trainer
3. potato bicycle carrot cabbage
4. guitar trum pet piano com puter
5. knife fork plate spoon
6. teacher dentist doctor rabbit

Practise your punctuation

1. Write a question to go with each answer.
The first one has been done to help you.
Remember to put in the capital letters and question marks.
a) Question: W hat does a cow eat?
Answer: It eats grass.
b) Question:
Answer: It is yellow.
c) Question:
Answer: It is an insect.

2. Underline all the nouns in your questions.

 Adjectives (2)

Remember, an adjective is a describing word.

a happy girl a frightened girl a grumpy girl

These adjectives describe the girl.

They tell us more about her.

Getting started
Copy these descriptions. Underline the adjective in each one.
The first one has been done to help you.

the tall giant shiny apples an open door

6.

a glass slipper a long nose fierce dragons

9.

/x
a rich king an angry elf a sharp needle
 Now try these
1. Choose an adjective from the box to fill each gap.
The first one has been done to help you.

bright sharp soft big long green black pointed

a) Patch was a big black cat.

b) He h a d _________ fur and a __________ tail.
c) His eyes w e re _________ a n d __________ .
d) His ears w e re _________ .
e) Patch h a d __________ claws.

2. Write the letters of the alphabet down the side of a page.

Think of adjectives to describe the Alphabet Cat.
Don’t worry if you can’t think of one for every letter.

The Alphabet Cat

A an amazing cat
B a brave cat

Practise your punctuation • j • •

1. Finish each sentence with an ending that

uses as many adjectives as possible.
Remember to use capital letters
and full stops correctly.
a) The lovely princess ...
b) The old lady ...
c) One day, a white rabbit ...

2. Underline all the adjectives in your sentences.

EJ
 Prepositions

A preposition is a word that tells us the position of one thing

in relation to another.

The mouse hid The lion was

under a bush. in a net.

The prepositions tell us where the lion and the mouse were.

Getting started
Copy these sentences. Underline the preposition in each one.

The lion is standing by the tree. The mouse is on the chair.

IlF ^ l 11—ir— ill

The helicopter is above The squirrel jum ped off

the house. the wall.

The monkey climbed up The crocodile went into

the rope. the river.
1. Copy these sentences. Think of a preposition to fill each gap.
a) The mouse ra n __________a hole.
b) The wind blew the man’s h a t his head.
c) The silly boy ra n __________the road w ithout looking.
d) Youssef h id __________a tree.
e) The burglar c lim b e d the fence.
f) The train s p e d __________the tunnel.

2. Write five sentences using the prepositions in the box.

beside between below behind beneath

Practise your punctuation

1. Arrange these words so that they make sentences.
Remember to use capital letters and full stops.
a) wood through a walked fox a
b) up mouse a the clock ran
c) is money pocket the my in
d) wall ball sam over the kicked the
e) the hidden some rock treasure is under

2. Underline the preposition in each sentence.

 Progress Unit A
1. Complete the sentence about each picture.
Choose a preposition from the box to say where the aeroplane is.

above in below

a) The aeroplane i s _________ the hangar.

b) The aeroplane i s _________ the helicopter.

c) The aeroplane i s _________ the clouds.

2. Choose a or an to fill each gap.

a) ambulance b ) ___ dinosaur c) cake
d) orange e ) ___ red pen f) duck

3. Copy this table.

Write the nouns from the box in the correct columns.

Things we wear Things we read Things we eat

v J

sock newspaper cake eggs shoes book

comic jumper bread magazine apple coat
4. Think of a noun to go with each adjective.
a) a t a ll_________ b) a h e a v y_________ c) a sharp
d) a r e d e) a w e t_________ f) a dark _
g) an u g ly _________ h) a y e llo w i) a sweet

5. Write a sentence about each picture.

Circle the nouns. Underline the verbs.
The first one has been done to help you.
a) crocodile b) frog c) eagle d) shark e) koala

a) The (crocodile) is crawling.

6. Copy these sentences.

Think of a verb to fill each gap.

S a m __________off the television. S h e __________ her mum a kiss

a n d __________the dog. Then S a m _________ upstairs.
She off her clothes a n d _________ on her nightdress.
S h e __________ her face a n d __________ her teeth. S a m _________
into bed a n d __________ a book. Soon s h e __________ asleep.
 Proper nouns

A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing.

The names of days, months and special times are proper nouns.

E g a lta o n a h . Christmas partV

M m Please come 0ecerTlber.
on 5aturday, '$x
Uove, Z.°e

Remember that proper nouns always begin with capital letters.

Getting started
Write the lines of this poem in the correct order.
Begin the name of each day with a capital letter.
The first line has been done to help you.

tuesday’s child spits apple pips,

thursday’s child eats the most.
Saturday’s child is very rude,
m onday’s child eats fish and chips.
Wednesday’s child eats beans on toast,
friday’s child is full of food.
But a child who is born on a Sunday
has sunshine for dinner every day.

Monday's child eats fish and chips.

 1. Here are the names of the months in alphabetical order.
Write them in the correct order, starting with January.
Begin each one with a capital letter.

april august december february january july

june march may november October September

2. Read this poem and then answer the

Thirty days hath September,

April, June and November.
All the rest have thirty-one
Except for February alone
And that has tw enty-eight days clear
And tw enty-nine in each leap year.

a) Which months have thirty days?

b) Which months have thirty-one days
c) Which is the shortest month?

[ Practise your punctuation • 9

9 9 CC 991
® •

Copy these sentences, putting in all the capital letters and full stops.
1. Christians celebrate Christmas in december
2 . jews celebrate hanukkah in december
3. muslims celebrate eid in either february
or march
4. hindus celebrate diwali in either October
or november
5. sikhs celebrate baisakhi in april
6. buddhists celebrate wesak in may or june

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 Paragraphs

A paragraph is a group of sentences that are about an idea or topic.

A long piece of writing is easier to read if paragraphs are used.

Yesterday we went to the zoo. Dad drove us in our car.

The journey was very long and boring. As soon as we
arrived we could see giraffes looking at us over the
hedge and monkeys jumping around on their ropes.
We quickly got out of the car and started looking around.

The first paragraph

is about going to
the zoo.
The second paragraph
is about arriving at
the zoo.
We begin a new paragraph
by starting the first line
a little way in.
Yesterday we went to the zoo.
Dad drove us in our car. The journey
was very long and boring.
As soon as we arrived we could see
giraffes looking at us over the hedge
and monkeys jumping around on
their ropes. We quickly got out of
the car and started looking around.

Getting started
Write a new paragraph to add to the recount about the zoo.
Pretend you are the child at the zoo.
Write about what you saw and what you did.
Look at these pictures.
Write a short paragraph describing each one.
Remember to start the first line of each paragraph a little way in.

Practise your punctuation

Write these sentences as two paragraphs.
Decide where to start the second paragraph.
Put in the capital letters and full stops.
fido was found by the police on the street
he was taken to the police station
the police put him in a cell until george picked him up
the next day fido went missing again
the police found him
this tim e they took fido straight home
 Verbs (past and present tenses)

The owl lives in the wood.
\
Sometimes verbs are written in
the present tense. They tell us
what is happening now.
Last year the owl lived in the barn.
/ \
Sometimes verbs are written in
the past tense. They tell us
what happened some tim e ago.

Getting started
1. Copy these sentences. The verbs are all in the present tense.
Underline each verb.
a) Ben washes his face.
b) Ben reads a book.
c) Ben watches television.
d) Ben clim bs a tree.
e) Ben paints a picture.
f) Ben kicks a ball

2. Now write each sentence again in the past tense.

The first one has been done to help you.
a) Ben washes his face. Yesterday Ben washed his face.
1. Copy these sentences about an owl.
Choose a verb from the box to fill each gap.
The verbs are all in the present tense.

hunts has sleeps eats flies

The o w l__________during the day.

At night i t __________through the woods a n d __________ for food.
The o w l__________ sharp eyes.
I t __________small animals like mice.

2. Now copy this passage.

Choose a verb from the box to fill each gap.
The verbs are all in the past tense.

looked dived sat flapped ran heard

Oily the o w l_________ on the branch of the tree. Slowly he

_________ all around. Suddenly h e __________ a noise. A mouse
_________ through the grass below. O ily __________ his wings and
_________ towards the mouse.

Practise your punctuation

1. The words in these sentences have no spaces between them.
Write the sentences again, leaving spaces between the words.
Remember to put in the capital letters and full stops.
a) theboyjum pedup b) yesterdaysam walkedtoschool
c) iameatingmydinner d) somechildrenareshouting

2. Now underline all the verbs that are in the present tense.
Circle all the verbs that are in the past tense.
 Using commas

Punctuation marks help us to make sense of what we are reading.

. A full stop tells us to stop. We have come to the end of a sentence.
? A question mark tells us that a question is being asked.
, A comma tells us to pause. It is used to separate items in a list.

Here are the fierce tigers, slow camels, stripy zebras and tall giraffes.
In a list we do not use a comm a before the word and.

Getting started
Copy these sentences. Put in the missing commas.
1. At the zoo we saw penguins emus ostriches lions and elephants.
2. In my bag I have a book a pencil a ruler an apple and some crisps.
3. Ali had a cat a dog tw o goldfish a budgie and a gerbil.
4. Ruth has a round face black hair brown eyes and a small nose.
1. Choose words from the box to write a list of things that belong to
each person. The first one has been done to help you.

a) footballer b) astronaut c) builder d) hairdresser

hammer ball comb helmet shorts

radio ladder computer nails scissors mirror
shampoo t-shirt boots spacesuit screwdriver

a) A footballer needs a ball, shorts, boots and a t-sh irt.

2. Complete these sentences. = 1
C
Him
List five items to finish each sentence.
Mm
a) For my birthday I would like ... i
b) Five sounds I can hear in the street are ... jjo IH
c) In the fridge at home we keep ...

Practise your punctuation

Write these sentences correctly.
Put in the capital letters, full stops, question marks and commas.
1 . alice has visited france italy spain and greece on holiday
2 . jane likes bananas pizzas spaghetti and curry
3. where did jason get his hair cut
4. on tuesday lee stayed at home
5. did you see any zebras at the zoo
 Singular and plural

w rite nouns in the singular or the plural.

Singular means just one.
Plural means more than one.

one rabbit lots of rabbits

singular noun plural noun
We just add s to the end of many singular nouns
to change them into plural nouns.

es to singular nouns that end in ch, sh, ss or x.

dishes glasses foxes

k.'
Getting started
Copy and complete this table.

Singular Plural
farmer farmers
field
gate
cows
rabbit
cabbage J
 1. Copy this table.
Write the singular nouns from the box in the correct columns.
The first one has been done to help you.
\
ch words sh words ss words x words

V
lunch J

lunch fox fish bush six kiss

bunch class brush dress box church

2. Now write the plural of each word in the box.

The first one has been done to help you.
one lunch lots of lunches

3. Write four sentences.

Use one of your plural nouns in each sentence.

[ Practise your punctuation •» • •

1. Write these sentences correctly.
Put in the capital letters, full stops, question marks and commas.
a) on the coach there were fifteen girls and tw enty boys
b) mrs green had tw o trees and five bushes in her garden
c) tom likes apples oranges pears and peaches
d) have you seen my pencil and my ruler

2. Now underline all the singular nouns

and circle all the plural nouns
in each sentence.
u
^,r«* .y M i.f if l ' f i l H i| | |" T

i____
4-J
 Exclamation marks

Sometimes a sentence ends with an exclamation mark: !

Can you still spot the full stop?

I really hate winter!

It can show that we feel strongly
about something.

What a lovely present!

It can show that we are
surprised about something.

Stop pinching me!

It is used to give a command.

Getting started
Copy only the sentences that should end with an exclamation mark.
Write them correctly.
What is for dinner
This tastes delicious
What a sensible child you are
Be quiet
Put down that cat at once
May I come with you
 Now try these
1. Copy these sentences.
Finish each sentence with the correct punctuation.
a) I don’t believe it
b) I’m six years old now
c) How tall you are
d) Stop that this minute
e) What tim e is it
f) I really love reading
g) I walked to school

2. Now write two of your own sentences that need

exclamation marks.

Practise your punctuation

Punctuate these sentences correctly.
1 . the dragon chased the prince
2 . has anyone seen my ruler
3. it’s not fair
4. my book is on the table
5. thank goodness yo u ’ve come
6. where is your house
 Connectives

A connective is a joining word. We can use a connective to join

tw o sentences together to make one long sentence.
Connectives are sometimes called conjunctions.

My Gran wrote to me. + She told me about her new house.

My Gran wrote to me and told me about her new house.
The tw o sentences have been joined with and. This is a connective.
We also use other words as connectives.

but yet however or so as when because

r ---------------- -----

Getting started
k___________________________________

Join each pair of sentences with the connective and or but.

The first one has been done to help you.
1. A cat chased a mouse. The mouse got away.
A cat chased a mouse but the mouse got away.
2. Barney enjoyed sailing with his dad. He came home very wet.
3. Tallie loved riding her bike. She rode for hours each day.
4. Alex was brilliant at maths. He w asn’t very good at PE.
5. The Davey fam ily went on holiday. They had a great time.
Think of an ending to finish each sentence.
Underline the connective in each sentence.
The first one has been done to help you.
1. The foal cantered across the field but ...
The foal cantered across the field but
his mother still beat him to the hedge.
2. Nina arrived late at Sonia’s house yet ..
3. Liam quickly got ready for school so ...
4. Jess fell over and ...
5. Mr Trevis called to the boys yet ...
6. The weather was terrible h o w e v e r...
7. Hannah w asn’t sure if Charlie was her friend o r ...
8. Tom will go out to play when ...

Practise your punctuation

1. Copy these sentences and punctuate them correctly.
a) the girls hurried to dance club as it started in five minutes
b) a slug ate the lettuce because it was hungry
c) can we drive to school or do we have to walk
d) i will finish my maths homework
when i get home
e) the film is very exciting
because the hero has
saved the little boy

2. Underline the connective

in each sentence.
 Verbs (to be)

The verb to be is the most common verb in the English language.

Present tense Past tense

was
were

We can use it on its own. We use is or was when we are

talking about one thing or person.

This dog is a The dog

Yorkshire Terrier. was asleep.

We can use it We use are or were when we are

to help another verb. talking about more than one
thing or person.

The dogs The dogs

are eating. were barking.

Getting started
Choose the correct form of the verb to be
to complete each sentence.
1. The c a t _____ asleep, (is, are)
2. The a p p le s _____ red. (is, are)
3. The c h ild re n going to school, (is, are)
4. The h o rs e s galloping, (was, were)
5. The d o g very small, (was, were)
Choose the correct form of the noun to complete each sentence.
1. T h e _________is very small, (cake, cakes)
2. S o m e __________were red. (apple, apples)
3. T h e ________ was broken, (spade, spades)
4. B a b y _________ are called puppies, (dog, dogs)
5. T h e ________ was reading a comic, (boy, boys)
6. T h e ________ were listening to the teacher, (girl, girls)
7. T h e ________ is sitting in her office, (doctor, doctors)
8. T h e ________ are playing with the wool, (kitten, kittens)

9 9 | « )
Practise your punctuation • $ t •

Write each sentence using the correct form of the verb to be.
Remember to put in capital letters and full stops.
1. katie and harry was paddling
in the water
2 . tw o children was climbing on
the roof, of the shed
3. the rain are pouring down
4. the men is getting very wet
5. mrs jones were waving to __y-
her friend
6. the thief are getting away
 Revision:
nouns, verbs, adjectives

A noun is a naming word. It can be the name of a person, place or thing.

A verb is an action or being word. Every sentence must have a verb.
An adjective is a describing word. It tells us more about a noun.

A frog catches small insects.

/ t r
noun verb adjective noun
t

Getting started UBH

1. Choose the correct noun to complete each sentence.
a) A _________ hops, (frog, snake)
b) A _________ moos, (bird, cow)
c) A _________ hisses, (frog, snake)
d) A _________ flies, (bird, cow)

2. Choose the correct verb to complete

each sentence.
a) A s n a il_____ (slides, swings)
b) Kangaroos . (swim, jump)
c) A fis h ____ _. (is snoring, is swimming)
d) Some dogs . (were barking, were driving)

3. Choose the correct adjective to complete each sentence.

a) I had a _________ drink, (far, cold)
b) My suitcase was v e ry _________ . (heavy, prickly)
c) The lemon tasted _. (full, sour)
d) It was a ________ night, (red, windy)
 1. Copy these sentences.
Circle the nouns. Underline the verbs. Cross out the adjectives.
a) The red car sped up the hill. b) Tom felt frightened,
c) Kim wore a large hat. d) The bike had a flat tyre.

2. Make up four silly sentences using a word from each column.

One has been done to help you.
f ...................-- 'a
Adjective Noun Verb Adjective Noun
red children eat frozen fish
heavy sharks marry frightened teachers
tall elephants ride w obbly teeth
steaming astronauts chase exploding oranges y

Steaming elephants marry wobbly fish.

——
[ Practise your punctuation * 35 • •f 66ff|I
1. Think of an exciting ending or beginning to complete
each sentence. Remember to punctuate your sentences correctly.
a) Some sizzling sausages ... b) The old d o o r ...
c) ... in the crowded room. d) The purple monsters ...
e) ... through the dark forest.

2. Circle the nouns, underline the verbs and cross out the adjectives
in your sentences.
 Grammar and punctuation

Gram mar is the study of the way we make sentences. It looks at how
words work together. It is to do with the rules of language.
Punctuation helps us to make sense of what we read.
Punctuation marks make writing easier for us to understand.
They help us to read with expression.

slugsslidethroughthelonggrasstheyaresoftandslimy

If we put in spaces and punctuation marks the writing is easier to read.

Slugs slide through the long grass. They are soft and slimy.

Here are some facts about a hedgehog.

• covered with prickly spines • grows up to 25 cm long
• comes out at night • sleeps during winter
• makes nest of leaves and grass • curls into ball when attacked

1. Write six sentences about a hedgehog.

Remember to put in the capital letters and full stops.

2. Underline the verbs in the sentences you have written.

 1. Arrange these words so that they make sentences.
Punctuate the sentences correctly. Underline the adjectives.
a) wanted some home aliens new a
b) aliens built rocket the a huge
c) ready got they long for a journey
d) space off the blasted rocket into red
e) landed it crash when terrible wrong went something a with

2. This alien does not speak in sentences. Put his words into
sentences, adding any missing words and punctuation marks.

come ... long ... way ... rocket

engine ... not ... work
why ... you ... frightened
want ... be ... friend
where ... live
take ... home ... meet ... family

[ Practise your punctuation 9 ^ f 99]

• 9 * * i

Copy this description of the alien.

Punctuate it correctly.
the alien had a big round body it had
a square head its three green eyes flashed
on and off its teeth were sharp and pointed
the alien spoke in a deep voice with a booming
sound it bounced along on a huge spring
which had a large hairy foot at the end of it
 Progress Unit B

1 have four legs and a tail,

People ride on me. 1 neigh.
W hat am I?

1. Write a noun to answer each riddle.

a) I live on a farm. I give milk. What am I?
b) I am made of wood. I have a handle. What am I?
c) I am made of glass. You look in me to see yourself. What am I?

2. Copy these sentences. Think of an adjective to fill each gap.

a) Ice i s _________ . b) A wheel i s _________ .
c) A needle is d) The lions were _
e) A giant is _ f) The teacher was

3. Copy these sentences. Choose is or are to fill each gap.

a) P u p p ie s_________ cute.
b) Baby c o w s _________ called calves.
c) Some c h ild re n __________shouting.
d) The chicken clucking.

4. Copy these sentences. Choose was or were to fill each gap.

a) The b u s _________ late.
b) The b o y s __________scared.
c) Some c o w s __________ mooing.
d) The c a t__________ sitting by the fire.
5. Copy and complete this table.

Plural

cups
stitches

pencils

birds
boxes

6. Copy only the sentences that need an exclamation mark.

Quick or we will miss the bus
I love chocolate
The elephant lay down for a rest
Stop hitting me
The king wanted his crown
Watch out
The chicken ran when she saw the fox
Oh no, I’ve forgotten my packed lunch

7. Join each pair of sentences with the connective and or but.

a) I ate a sandwich. Then I drank a cup of tea.
b) Tom is right. Dan is wrong.
c) Amy lost. Yasmin won.
d) Mrs Shah opened the door. She walked into the room.
8. Copy these sentences. Underline the verbs.
a) Emma is playing hopscotch.
b) The clouds are grey.
c) The children are shopping.
d) Every w indow is broken.
e) I am painting a picture.
f) We are eating some sweets.

9. Now write each sentence from Question 8 in the past tense.

10. Write these sentences correctly.

Begin each proper noun with a capital letter.
a) next tuesday it will be to m ’s birthday.
b) Christmas is always in december.
c) does the river thames flow through london?
d) france, italy, spain and austria are all countries in europe.

11. Match the beginning and ending of each sentence.

Write each sentence correctly.
a) A sentence is a joining word,
a naming word.
b) A verb is
a group of words that makes sense
c) A noun is on its own.
d) An adjective is a word that tells you the position
of one thing in relation to another.
e) A preposition is a doing word.
f) A connective is a describing word.
Grammar and C Collins
Punctuation PRIMARY
Pupil Book 1 FOCUS
Your Collins Primary Focus: Gram m ar and
Punctuation Pupil Book will help you to use
language clearly and effectively. Know your nouns
from your negatives, your adjectives from your adverbs,
to develop and improve your writing and speaking skills.

Grasp the key points with the help of fantastic illustrations.

Get plenty of practice with lots of challenging activities

to help you through each unit.

9780007410712