QUESTION BANK

SUBJECT: PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR

SEM / YEAR: IV/II

Unit - 1
PART - A
1. Show the need for protective schemes in power system?
2. Define auto re-closing?
3. What is a voltage surge?
4. Draw a typical lightning voltage surge.
5. Explain surge absorber? Differentiate it from surge diverter?
6. Identify the sources of fault in power network.
7. Classify the different types of faults occurring in power system?
8. Name the causes of overvoltages.
9. State the mechanism of lightning discharge.
10. What do you understand by sequence networks?
11. What is their importance in unsymmetrical fault calculations?
12. What is a 3-φ unsymmetrical fault? Discuss the different types of unsymmetrical faults that
can occur on a 3-φ system
13. Differentiate between a short circuit and an overload.
14. What are the essential qualities of relay?
15. Explain the importance of ground wire?
16. List the merits of resistance grounded system.
17. What happen if earth wire is not provided in overhead transmission line?
18. What are the causes of over voltage on a power system? (b) Why is it necessary to protect the
lines and other equipment of the power system against over voltages?
19. How do earthing screen and ground wires provide protection against direct lightning strokes?
20. Name the harmful effects of lightning.
21. Classify the different types of earthing.
22. What is the necessity for neutral grounding?.
23. Generalize the duties of fault limiting reactor.
24. Categorize the zones of protection based on fault severity.

PART – B
1. Detail about the causes and consequences of faults in a power system.
2. Discuss the symmetrical components method to analyze an unbalanced system
3. Discuss about three-phase symmetrical fault? Also discuss the different types of
unsymmetrical faults that can occur on a three-phase system
4. Explain different types of neutral grounding with neat diagram.
5. (i) Explain the overlapping of protective zones with neat sketch.(9)
(ii)Describe the different faults in power system. Which of these are more frequents?(7)
6. Describe the phenomenon of lightning
7. (i) Summarize the importance of protective schemes employed in power system.(4)
(ii) Show the essential quantities of protection.(12)
8. What protective measures are taken against lightning over voltages?
9. Explain the essential qualities of relay in detail.
10.
d Explain the overlapping of protective zones with neat sketch
 Unit - II
1. Summarize the role of protective relay in a modern power system
2. Define the term pick up value in a protective relay.
3. List the classifications of attraction type relays.
4. Brief the difference between a relay and a fuse.
5. State the basic classification of relays.
6. Define time setting multiplier and plug setting multiplier in protective relays
7. Summarize the role of protective relay in a modern power system.
8. What is Reach, under reach and over reach of relay?
9. Name the common method of protection of transmission lines and generators.
10. State the advantages of digital relay over analog type relays.
11. Why the relay must operate with low value of actuating quantity?
12. Sketch a typical PSM curve.
13. State about time setting multiplier.
14. Write the universal torque equation.
15. What is a differential relay?

Part - B
16. What are the different types of electromagnetic relays? Discuss their field of applications
17. Describe the construction and principle of operation of an induction type directional over
current relay.
18. Discuss about the directional power relay.
19. Explain the working principle of distance relays.
20. Write a detailed note on differential relays.
21. With neat diagram describe the principle and working of Negative Sequence Relay.

Unit – 3
1. What are mechanical abnormal conditions of induction motor?
2. What is transverse differential protection?
3. What is loss of excitation and loss of prime mover in generator?
4. What are rotor faults?
5. Why is bus bar protection needed?
6. Explain the secondary of CT should not be open.
7. What is a harmonic restraint relay? Explain its purpose.
8. What is an incipient relay? How is the transformer protected?
9. What are the different types of faults in transformer?
10. What is a restricted earth fault relay?
11. Compose the common methods used for line protection?
12. Show the applications of Buchholz’s relay.
13. List the application of potential transformer
14. Explain over fluxing protection of a transformer?
15. Discuss the protection schemes for transmission lines.
16. Enumerate the relaying schemes which are employed for the protection of a modern
alternator.

Part - B
17. Draw and explain the merz-price protection of alternator stator winding.
18. Explain the Merz-price circulation current scheme of protection used for power transformer
19. Detail about the different protective schemes employed for motor?
20. Discuss the principle of percentage biased differential protection with necessary diagrams.
Also discuss its applications.
21. Classify different protection schemes normally used for protection of a power transformer
from internal faults? Discuss one of them in brief.
22. Describe the construction and working of Buchholz relay
23. Show the different types of feeders and the protective schemes employed for the protection
of feeders.
24. Compare CT & PT. What are the applications of CT & PT?
25. Show the different types of feeder and the protective schemes employed for the protection
of feeder.
26. With neat diagram explain about the earth fault relay.

Unit – 4
1. Draw the block diagram of a static relay.
2. Explain the concept of duality in static comparators.
3. Write short notes on the types of amplitude comparators.
4. Write short notes on the types of phase comparators.
5. List the different methods of numerical distant protection of transmission lines.
6. Compose the advantages of over current relays over electromagnetic types
7. Discuss the operation of numerical differential protection scheme used for the transformers.
8. What are the limitations of numerical relay?
9. Give the advantage of numerical relays over electromechanical relays.
10. Write the merits of static relay.
11. Give the basic components of static relays.
12. List out the applications of static relays
13. What are phase comparators? List their types.

14. Explain the different types of static relays.

15. Explain with neat block diagram of the function of synthesis of Mho relay using static phase
comparator.
16. Explain with neat block diagram of the function of synthesis of simple Impedance relay using
amplitude comparator.
17. With neat block diagram explain the function of synthesis of simple reactance relay using
phase comparator. Illustrate with neat block diagram of numerical over-current Protection.
18. Illustrate with neat Block diagram of Numerical Transformer Differential Protection List the
different methods of Numerical distant protection of transmission lines
 Unit – 5
1. What are the parameters influence the arc resistance
2. What are the demerits of using oil as an arc quenching medium?
3. State the characteristics of SF6.
4. Define Restriking voltage
5. Define the operating time of circuit breaker.
6. Name the types of fuses?
7. Summarize the functions of isolating switch?
8. Define R.R.R.V.
9. What is meant by current chopping?
10. What do you mean by capacitive switching?
11. List the demerits of MOCB.
12. State the types of air circuit breaker.
13. What are the indirect testing methods of circuit breaker?
14. Write the classifications of test conducted on circuit breakers.
15. Compare the performance of Air Blast Circuit Breaker with oil minimum circuit breaker.

1. Explain about the minimum oil circuit breaker.

2. (i) Explain in detail the current chopping in circuit breakers and suggest a remedy. (8)
(ii).Brief on Resistance switching
3. Derive an expression for restriking voltage and RRRV in terms of system voltage, inductance
and capacitance. What measures are taken to reduce them?
4. Briefly describe the different types of testing schemes of circuit breakers
5. Discuss the principle o f operation o f a vacuum circuit breaker. List out the advantages and
Disadvantages
6. With neat sketch explain Air Blast Circuit breakers
7. Explain with suitable theories the arcing phenomena and arc interruption in a circuit breaker
8. Explain briefly the following types of air-blast circuit breakers:
a. Axial-blast type.
b. Cross-blast type.