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I I
e- 1- e- 2-5 = 0.2858
'J
- ':r/2
/4
=- 0.3536 - (- 0.5) = 0. 1464
- -:r/ 2
<:r/4
- -:r/ 4
= 0.5 - (- 0.3536) = 0.8536
- -:r/4
'
- dx = - =
8 16
3
16
= 0.4375.~>=,..fx(xl=Oforxq
4 4
x x2 42 - 32
b) P(X< 4)=
J - dx = - =
' 8
'
16
3
16
= 0.437) bilca,..fx(xl=Oforx >;
5 x x2 [ 52 - 42
c) P(4<X<5) = J - dx = - = = 0.562 5
4 8 16 16
4.5 2 .5 2 2
4.5 - J-. -- 0.-IO'J 1
dl P(X< 4.5) = - dx = - =
38 163 J--
16
X X
- 0.5
2 3
0.5
1
- 0.5
= 0.125
0 P(x <X) = JX
1.5x2 dx = 0.5x31
: = 0.5 - 0.5x 3 = 0.05
Theo.x = O:~.;s
4-11. a) P{X < 2.2,5 or X> 2.7.;) = P(X < ~.:!.5)- P{X > 2.7.;) boollnse the two t'\'ttll$ate mutuaJiyexclusiw:. n.en.
2.8
P(X < :l.2..j) = 0 and P(X > :L75) = J 2dx = 2{0 .05) = 0 .10
2.1 5
b) If the probabilityd-ensity function isoeotcri!dst :l,s.; mcters, thenfx(x) = :l for :l.3 < x < :l.Sandall rods "'ill meet specificatioll$.
4·l j. a) P(X < 2.8) = P{X s -2.8) bee!! use X iss cnntin.-ollS random variable.
Tr.en. P(X < ~.8) = A,i.S) = <U{~.S) = o..;6.
b) RX> 1-5) = 1-RX ~ 1-5) = l-O.i ( lS) = 0 .7
c) RX < -~) = Fx{-i) = o
d) IV<>6)=l-FX(6)=0
O,x 5 - 1T 12
Fx(x) = 0.5sin x + 0.5, - -rr / 2 5 x < -rr / 2 .
Tlten.
I , x ?.T. / 1
.,
0,x< J
, .2 - 9
' 3< x <5 .
foro< x.Th.en. 16 ' -
l,x > 5
JUly=2x -4.6
X
0, ~· <~ 2.3
RX > ~.7) = 1-FV<:;. i .7) = 1- R:2.7) = 1-0.8 = O.i becatse X is a continuous random \"ariable.
4·'3· F(>')- J
X
0
0.5xdx = 0.5x
2
2
[ = 0.25x 2 foro <x < , ,Thtn.
0. x<O
O<x<2.
I.
H7. £(X)=
.J 0.25xdx = 0.25:
, .-2
0 - 0
I 4 I
- 1 -1
= X;
1.5-
5
L I
= 0.6
8
3(8x - x2 ) x '- Jx ' ]
4-3 1. E (X) = 8 x
J0 dx = [- -- = (16 -1 2) - 0 = 4
l
256 32 1024 0
8
V(X)=[- Jx5 +Jx' _ 5x3 +3x2 ] = [ - 384+ 192 -1 60+ 48]= 3.2
. 1280 64 16 4 5
0
V(X) = J
100
(x -I 09.39)2 600 dx = 600J 1- 2(109.39) +(I 09.39)2 dx
x2 JOO x x2
120
= 600(x - 2 18.78 1n x -1 09.392x - 1) = 33 . 19
1100
00
£(X) = - xe-IO(x- 5)
l
~
Joo
5
s
Using integNtion bypsrts "'ith tt = x aodd11 = 10e
+
5
-to(r-sl
, -IO(x- 5)dx = 5- e
I0
dx, we obtain
-IO{x- 5) r
5
= 5. 1.
Now, Jl (X) = J
«>
(x - 5. J)2 JOe-IO(x-
2
5) d\· , Using th.e integtationbyparts,-.itb 11 = (x-.;.1) and:dv = lOt-lO{X-s). \l.'tobtaio
b) P(X > 5. 1) = J
06
I Oe-iO(x- 5)dx = - e -IO{x- 5)1
""
~I
= e -10{5.1-5) = 0.3679
5.I
4-39· a) E.OO = {- 1• l)/ 2 = o.
2
V(X) = (l - (-l)) 1/J,andox=O.;n
12
X I X
b) P(- x < X < x) = J - dt = 0.511 = 0.5(2x) = x
2 -x
-x
Therefo re. x slt.onld eqooJ o .90.
0, x < -1
F(x) = 0. 5x +0.5, -l ::; x< l
c)
I' I ~ x
0, x <0.95
I' 1.05 ~ X
(1.05- 0.95)2
d) E.{X) = (1.0.5 • 0.9.:;)/ 2 = l .OO and V(X) = = 0.00083
12
4-43. a) ThedistribntionofXisj(x) = 100 for o .~o.so < x < o.:Hso.Therefo re.
0, x <0.2050
I, 0.2 1 50 ~ x
l'{X) =
(120 - ol =1200andax=.')4JJ4.
12
b) Wewomt to determine the probability the mess.sgeatri\'es inanyofth.c follo\.>o;ng inteNa!s:
9:05- 9:1.; amor 9:35- 9:45am o r 10:05- 10:1samor 10:35 -10:45 am. n-£prob3bilityofthise>.l:nt is40/l~O = t/ j..
c) We want todd ennine tfo.e probabilityt~.e mess.ageatri\'CS inanyoftf!.£ follo\.>oiQg. inter\'als:
9:15-9:30 amor 9:45- 10:00 a m or 10:15- tO:jO sm o r 10:4.;- u :oo a m. Tlt.e probability oftbis ~tisGoft'J.O = l/ 2
d) lfP(Z > 1.) = 0 .9. then P(Z < 1.) = 0 .10 andz = -1.28
d F(- 1.::!4 < Z < z) = P('L < z)- P('L < -1.::!4)
= P{Z < 7.) - 0.10749.
Th.erefore. P{Z < l) = o.B ... 0 .10749 = 0 .9Q749andt. = 1,33
cl P(6 <X<>4l = P
6-10
l <2< 14-10]
[ 2
= F(- 2<Z< 2)
= P('L< 2)- P(Z <- 2)1
= 0.9.;45
2-10 4-10]
dl P(' <X«l = P
[ 2 <2< 2
= P(-4 <Z< -J)
= 1'('/. < - j ) - I'V- < - 4)
= O.OOlj.!!
e) P(- 2<X<8) =P(X<8) -P(X < -2)
d) PH < X<9l • P
- 2- 5<Z<-
9--5]
[ 4 4
• N.- J.7.S <z< J)
• P("l. < 11 ... P(Z <- ,.,su
• o.Bcn:tB
'-5 8- 5)
t) P(><X<SI • P
[=-;--<Z< - 4-
• F(·0.15<Z<o.;s)
• m < o.:s)- P(Z < - o.;s)
• 0.$4674
6250100
- 6000]
4•57· •I P(X<6250)= P
[ Z<
• P(7. <1.S)
"" 0.993?9
8,000,000 bits
I33.33 secoods
60,000 bits/sec
4-67 l.etXdenote theheigJtt.
2
X - N(l4 1. 0 .01 )
<al P(X > 1.42) =I- P(X < 1.42) = 1- q,[ l .42 - 1.4 1]=I- q,(l) = 0. 1587
0.0 I
-I
{b) <I> ( 0 .0S) KO.Ol- 14l=l ,.l9$6
!cl
0.01 0.01
l
P(l .39 < X < I.43) = of>[ 1.43 - 1.4 I]- of>[ 1.39 - I.4 l = .P(2) - .P(- 2) = 0.9545
4.£>!). a) P!XqOOO) = p 5000 - 7000 ]
l < ==-,-=:.
[ 600
= P(Z < - .3..'.13) = 0 .0004,3
nnefote,
13- .u =,3.09Sod,!l=ll455
0.5
4·7,3. From tho:sltapeoftft.e normal cut\'C the probability is maxim ius (or an intet\'al S)'lllmetricaixmt the mean.
Tttercl'orea = 2.1-5 witll probability= 0 .19']4. The standard a'e\iationdoes notaffect tt.ec~.oioe:of intm'l'l l.
b) P(X < 2,5) = p Z < 25- 50.9] = P{"/. < - 1:0.}6) = 0 .1501
[ 25
-1
c) P(X > :.:) = o.o.;. tlten<l> {0:9,s)x~·.;0 .9 = 1.f*l9x2.5-50 .9 = 92.M1.)
= 0.91466-0.08534= 0.8293
c)
Pr9.S < X 5 80.5)~ P[ 79~SO < Z < 80~80 ]= P(- 0.072 17 <2 5 0.072 17)
= 0.0575
4·79 z = X0)6;
- 64 X - 64 isapproxim.stelyN(O,l)
8
{b) o ,s
lfa oontinl!.ityoorrection '"ert:tl.SOO tlt.t: follo"'ing res-ult is obtained.
P(X < 64) = P(X < 63) ~ P[z ~ 63+ 0~ 5 - 64]= P(Z ~ - 0.06) = 0.4761
P(60 < X< 68) = P(61~ X ~ 68)'" p[61- 0~5 - 64 < z < 68+ 0~5- 64]
~ P(- 0.44 < Z <0.56) = 0.3823
!al P(X > 200) = 1- P(X ~ 200) = 1- P(X ~ 200 + 0.5) = 1- .P[ 2005 -
193
]= 1- <!>(0.6) = 0.2743
12.48
!bl P(180< X < 300) = P(181<X ~ 299) = q,[ 299.5-1 93]- <I>[ 180.5 -1 93 ]
12.48 12.48
4-83. td X denote the number of original component$ that fail during tlt.e-..sefullifeof the prodnct. Then, X is a binomial random \"ariablewith p = 0 .001 and n = .:;ooo.
4.995
5
] = P(Z ?:: 2.01) = 1- P(Z < 2.01) = 1- 0.978 = 0.022
2 4 4
4-85. l.et Xd:eoote the: number of p.'lrticles in JO <'Jn ofdust. n.en. Xi.sa Poisson random variab!e,.,;tn A = tO{looo)-= to.ooo.Aiso, E.(X) =A= 10 and V(X) = i. = 10
P(X > 10000) = 1- P(X < 10000) ~ I- P[z ~ I OO~O- IOOOO]~ I- P(Z < 0)~ 0.5
I0000
If a oontinu.ityoorrection \,·en USi'd: tl:e follo,..-ing tf$u.J t isobtaiood.
P(X > 10000) = P(X ?:: I0001) ~ P [z > LOOOI~ O.S - 1OOOO]~ P(Z > 0) ~ 0.5
10000
4-87. l.d Xdeootet~.e rmmbcrofhits to a website. Tben.Xisa Poisson random \'ariablewitha mesnof ,\ = 10.000 hits perday.Aiso. E(X) = ..\ = 10.000 = V{X).
a)
P(X> 20000) = I- P(X ~ 20000)= I- P[ z ~ 20000 - IOOOO ]
0J10000
= I- P(Z ~ I00)"" I- I = 0
lf a oontinuityoorr-ection ,,·ere toed lite follo,-ring result is obtained.
. -
P(X> 20000) = P(X ?:: 2000 1)~ P[ Z ?:: 20000- 0.5 - IOOOO ]
.JI0000
= P(Z ?:: 99.995)"' I- I= 0
P(X < 9900) = P(X ~ 9899) ~ P[z < 9899 + O.S- 1O, OOO] "' P(Z?:: - 1.0 I) = 0. I 562
J10ooo
x - 10000 ] x - 10000
c) lf'P(X>x) =O.Ol.f.l!.enP
[Z > .J = O.OI.n.erdore. = 2.33aodx = lj.jOO.
10000 10000
d) let Xdeootethenu.mbetofh.its to a website. Tlten.Xisa Poisson r.aodom \'ariable,ritha of mean 10.000 per day. F..(X) =A= 10.000 aod V{X) = 10.000.
P(X > 10200) - P[z?:: 10200 - 1OOOO ]= P(Z ?:: 2) = I- P(Z < 2)
.J10ooo
= I- 0.9772 5 = 0.022 75
If a oontim<.ityoorrflction is USi'd we obtain tlt.e follo,'ling result
P(X > I0, 200) ~ P[z?:: 10•2j.5-1O, OOO] = P(Z ?:: 2.005) = I- P(Z < 2.005)
I0,000
that approximatelyeq-u.aJs the NS-dt '"if.l!.out the oontin~<.ityoorrtction.
n.e expected number of<f.ttys v.ith more tft..an u),200 hits is{O .O~J.;)•j6.; = 8JO dsys per ~~r
e) tct Y dmoto: tf!.e nu.mb.."t of days per )'e.'lr ,.,.;t~over lO,:iOO f!.its to a ,,·ebsite.
TJ!..en. Y is a binomial 101ndom \'ariablewith n = j6.;aod p = 0 .0~27.; .
E(\') = 8..}0 and V(Y) = j6.;{0 .01~7.;XO:l>77i.5 ) = 8.18
P(Y > I 5) ~ P[z > 15j-8·30 ]= P(Z ?:: 2.56) =I- P(Z < 2.56)
8.28
=I- 0.9948 = 0.0052
4-89. Witlt l O .,S~) O astJ!.ma incidents in children ina ::n-month period. th-en mean nu.mb.._r of incidents per month is t o.;o oj~l = .;oo. l.et Xdenotes Poisson modom\"ariablev.itha mean of .;~) 0
per month. Also. E(X) =A= .;oo = V(X).
a) Using a oontinu.ityoorrection. th.i!: follo,,ing ti$-dt is obtained.
P(X > 550) ~ P[ Z 2 550 +~ 500 l = P(Z > 2.2584) = 1- 0.9880 = 0.012
55
P(X > 550) = P[z 2 ~00 ]= P(Z 2 2.2361) = 1- P(Z <2.2361) = 1- 0.9873 = 0.0127
b) Using a a mtincityoorrcction, tbe follo,\ing resclt is obtained.
P(450< X < 550) = P(451<X< 549) = p[450.5- 500 < < 549.5- 500] z
- ' - - J 5oo - - J5oo
= P(Z s 2.2137)- P(Z s - 2.2137) = 0.9866 - 0.0134 = 0.9732
c) Jt\' s x) = 0.9.;
x = .p- 1(0.95)x v'5oo + 500 = 536.78
d) The Poissondistributionwould not be appropriate bcc.sl!SO: the rate of e>.'tntsshou.ld beoonsttlnt for a Poissondistribution.
Secoon+S
1
2
- e- 4 = 0.1170
4-9'.5· Lct Xdenote the time t:ntil the first call. n.en. X iso:pooential and A = I = _I_ calls/ minute.
E(X) 15
a)
"" e-T.dx = - e-f; "" = e- 2 = 0. 1353
P(X > 30) = J-1
15 JO
30
b) The probability ofa t l ~st one call ina tO·mitmte intrn"SJ «!,lUlls one minu.s the probsbilityof 1.eroea1Js ina U)·mioute iotenosl and tf!.st is P{X > 10)
d) P<>: o:) = 0:90 aocl P(X <X) = - e -t, = 1- e- x/ I S = 0.90.Therefore,>:= .34-54 minutes.
0
4-97. tet X d-enote tf!.e time to fai lt:re(in f!.ours)offans ioa personal oomp1:ter. Then. X is an o:ponential random \'Sriableand A = l/ E(X) = 0 .0003.
a)
P(X > 10,000) = J"' O.OOOJe- xo.ocoJdx = _ , - xo.oooJI"' = , -J = 0.0498
10.000 10.000
1.000 1.000
bl P(X < 7,000) = J O.OOOJe- xo.oooJd,· = - e- xo.oooJI = 1- e- 2·1 = 0.877 5
0 0
4-99. tet Xd-enote tf!.e timenntiJ the arrival ofa taxi. n.en. X is an exponential tana'om \'3riable,-rithA = l/ l£(>.1 = 0 .1a rrh>alsjminnte.
<" 00
Jo. ~e-0· "dx =-e-0· 1t
a) P(X > 60)=
&.1
0 = , - • = 0.002 5
10 10
b) P(X < 10)= J o. J,,- o.lxdx =-e- ·"1= 1- e- = 0.632 1 0 1
0
0
c) P(X > x) = J
00
d) P{X < >:) = 0 .9 implies tf!.st P(X > x) = 0.1. Therefore. this answer is tf!.esame as part c).
X
- Ad 14.4x28.35
b) P(X = 0) = .:..
" .,..:.".:... e 225 = 0.1629
0!
7 . -6
C) (0.1629) : JXlO
4-103. tet Xdcootet he lifetime ofan assembly. Tltcn. X isano:pooeotiaJ NIOOom \ "ariable,,itttA = Jj l-;(X) = l/401) fil ilute$ per lt.our.
100 100
a) P(X < 100)= J4~0 e-x1400dx =-e-x1400 1
0
= 1- e- 0·25 = 0.22 12
0
00
b) P(X > 500) = - e-x/400I = e- 5I• = 0.2865
500
c) From the memoryless propertyofth.ef'Jipoo.."'tltial. t.t.isanswer is th.est~ m eas pan a .• P(X < 100) = 0 .2::!:1~L
d) tet U denote tl".e nll.mber o1 ass.embliesoll.t of 10 thst filii bclOre 100 ~.ours. By the memoryless property ofa Poisson prooi:SS, U f!.asa binomial distribll.tioo,vi t~ n = 10 and p = 0.2211
{from part {a)). Tlwn.
800 800
Now, P(X < 800)= J -1-e- x 1400 dx =- e- xi400 = 1- , - 2 = 0.8647
0 400 0
4·105. l.et Xdeoote th.c rmmher ofcalls in jO minutes. B«:ause the time bet\<.·eencaJis isanf'.Xpoo.."'tltial tilndom variable. X is a Poisson 1<1ndom variable,-rith.A = l/ 1-;(X) = 0 .1calls per minute
: JC.'t!ls per jO minutes.
-3 ... 0
b) P(X = 0) = e .> = 0.04979
0!
c) l.ct Ydeoote the time bml.·eencalls in minutes.Then. JlY ~ x) = 0 .01 and
P(Y> x ) = J0.
00 "'
Je- 0· 1'dt = - e- 0.1' x = "- O.lx. Therefore, , - o.1x = 0.01 and x = 46.05 mimnes.
X
00 00
Therefore. t!teanswe:r is [e- "3r e-= 12 = 6. )4 X J0-6.A!temath>ely, liN! answ-er is tf!..e probabilityof oocaJis in 1\~·o ~.ours. From part d)of this exercise, this ise-l.2.
() Beca.:sea Poisson process is memoryless. probabilities do not depend on ,,·lti:llt.er or oot inten'3lsareoons.ec:uti\'e.Tlt.;:refore. parts d) and e) have tltesameanswer.
00 00
d) n.eresultsdonot<iependonO.
a) P(X < 2) =
2
J_2_..
0
- x!l . Sdx = 1- e - 213. 5 =
3.5
0.435
00
Sectlon4-9
£(N) = 50000 2
25000
2)'
P(N ~ 1) = '£/ "(
? - ?
= 0.6767
k l
k=O •
4·U7. l.et Xdenote the nnmber o( bits t:ntil fiveerrorsocct:r. n.en. Xlt.ssan Erlang. distribt:tion,,ith r = 5 and A=10 -s error per bit.
a) E(X) = ~ = 5x 10 5 bits.
.A
b) V(X) = .!_= 5x 10 10 a nd ux = ) sx 1010 = 223607 bits.
.>-2
c) l.et Ydeoote IJ!£ number o( errors in u)5 bits. Then. Yis a Poisson rancf.om variable,,ilhA = 11105 = u) - 5 error per bit = ! error per 105 bits.
-110 +£..___+
-Ill e -11?1
P(Y ;,:: 3) =I- P(Y < 2) = I- e
! 0! I! 2!
- = 0.0803
4-119. a ) let Xdenote IJ!.e number ofcustomers that arri\'e in 10 milllit<S. Tlt.en. Xiss Poisson random \'S riab! e ,~ith
A = 0.:!-a nh-als per mint:te =:! arrh'lls per 10 minntes.
4·121. Jo
t'O
f(x;A,r)dx = Jo
oo Ar xr-1f!- >.x
r (r)
X . lety= At'.th-entludntegralis JA
oo
o
r-1 _ y
Y e !!f_. From tlt.eddinitionofr(•·).thisintcgr.aJisrccognizedtoequall.
r (r) •
4-1~. l.et Xdeoote the number of patientsarri\'t ttt the emergencydq>artment. n.en. Xh.ssa Poissondistribt:tion '~iti!:A = 6-5 patients per tt.ou.r.
a ) E(X)=ri A = 10 1 6-5 = 1-539~.ou.r.
b) l.etY deootetf!.e ncmberofpatients thstarrh't'in :!.0 minl!.tes. n£n. Yis a Poisson random \>ariablewithA. = 6-5/3 = 2.1667 a nh>als per :!.0 minl!.tes. Thee\'ent tltat tfte thirdanh'31o:ceeds
:!.0 minutes istqliivalent to tlteC\>er.t that t!t.creare t\\'OOT fewer arrivals in :!.0 minutes. Tttereforc.
. - 2.16672 16670 . -2.16672 16671 . - 2.1661? 166721
P(Y~ 1) = '
[ · +' · +' -· = 0.63 17
0! I! 21
Tile solution mayalso be obtained from tl:e rf:S-..!t that tlte time until tl:f! thirdatri\'31follows a gamma distribl!.tioowitn •· = jaod i. = 6-5 a rri\'lJs per hour. n.e probability isobtaioed by integra ting. the
probtlbilitydi!OS:ityfunction (rom :!.0 mir.11.tes to infinity.
S«:Uon+IO
4 ·12'7. l f X isa Wei bull Ntndom \ 'Sriable \'lith U= 1 and 6 = 1000. thedistribli.tionof X is theo:poo.-:ntia! distribt:tion \~i th ). = 0.()01.
0
/(x) = [- 1
1000 1000
][-
x] j ,:oo)'Jbrx >O
4·>'9 a) £(X) = or[I +~)= 900f (l+ I/3) = 900[(4 / 3) = 900(0.89298). = 803.68 hours
b) V(X)=o2r[l+~]-o2 r[l+_~f =9002 r[l+~]-9002 [r[l+ ~w
= 9002 (0.90274) - 900\0.89298) 2 = 853 I9.64 hours2
500J
[ 900
c) P(X < 500) = Px(500) =I- e = 0. I576
4-1 3 1. a) B= 2, l\ = 500
b) 2
V(X) = 500 [(1 +1)- 500 [r[ I+
2
~w
= 5oo2 r (2) - soo2[f(L5)f = 53650.5
250)'
[ 500
c) P(X < 250) = F(250) = I- e = I - 0.7788 = 0.22 I2
4- I 33. or[ I + .! ] =
2 2
Var(X) + (EX) = I0.3 + 4.9 = 34.3 I
2
b) P(X > 6oOOi X> 3000) = P(X > 6000, X> 3000) = P(X > 6000)
P(X > 3000) P(X > 3000)
1- F (6000) " - (&JOCV4000)' 0. I054
= 1_ ~ (3000) = -e --(.,-
30.,-
0CV
.,-4.,-
00.,-
7
0) ' 0.5698
0. I850
For the Wei bull distriblltioo {\\i t~ IS= ::!) tJ!.ere is oo Jsckofmcmorypropertyso th£t ttheans\~·ers to parts (a)and (b) di fter \''h.ereas tt.eywoul d be t~.esam e ifan exponential distrib~ttion ,,·ere assumed.
From part (b), f.t!.e probability ofsurviva l ~~mel 6000 lt.ours.gi\'eot.ede-.ict hasalr-eadys-.:rvh't'd3000 ~.ot:tS, is lower than the probability ofsurvival be)-ond$000 ~.ours from tbe start time.
-{3s00/2000)
4 ·1,37. a ) Jt\"> j.SOO) =l-FX (lsOO) =e =0.0468
b) P(X 5. x) = P(ew < x)= P(W < ln(x)) = .P[ln(x) - 0.5] = 0.)0
,
1
b) P(X > I0000)= P(ew > I0000) = P(W > In( I0000)) = 1- q,[ In (I OOOO) - 8.4056]
1.2686
= l-q,(0.63) = 1- 0.7357 = 0.2643
c) P(X > x) = P(ew > x )= P(W > ln(x)) = q, [ln(x) - 8.4056 ] = 0.1
1.2686
Fy(y) = P( Y :S: y)= P(ex < y) = P(X < logy)= Fx(log y) = q,[ log:- f£ J.
section + u
0 25
4-1 49. a) P(X <0.25) = f. r(<> + .B) )x0 - 1(1- x)P-I
r (a)r (,B)
0
o•5 r us
= J r(3.5) ).,.u = (2.5Xl.5X0.5)\Irr x
25
= 0. 7 52s _ 0.252.5 = 0.4559
025 r (2 .S)r (l) (t.sxo.s}J,. 2.5 o.2s
p. = E(X) = --=.
"- 3
--='---= 0.6818
<> + 13 3+ 1.4
<> -I 9
b) Mode = = 0.63 16
<> +.B - 2 10+ 6.25- 2
<> 10
f' = E(X ) = 0.6 154
<> + 13 10 + 6.25
2 = V(X) = <.¥3 62.5
(1 0.0137
(a + .B)2(<> + /3 + I) (16.25f( J7 .25)
4·1$3. l.d X <ieootc tl:coompletion proporti onoft~.e maximum time. Tl:co:erciseoonsid.e:rs tl:c proportion'.!/ '.!.!) = 0.8
0.8 r (a)f(/3)
I
2 3
= J' r (S) x(l - x)2 = (4)(J)f(J) [ x - 2x + x•] = 12(0.0833- 0.08 11) = 0.0272
0.8 f(2)f(3) f(2)r(J) 2 3 4 0.8
e) tet Ytep«'SCnt the numberofeastS outofthesample ofu) th£ttare f>ct\•·ren ~.7 and<)()~ mi.n .enYfollo\•-sa bioomiaJ distribntion"'itlln = u) andp = 0 .9973.Thu.s, E(}') = 9.973or u).
a) P(X > 225) = P(X '2 226)~ 1- P[z < 225~200 l = 1- P(Z< 2.02) = 1-0.9783 = 0.0217
P(175 <X< 22 5) ""' P[ 174.5- 200 < Z < 225.5 - 200] = P(- 2.02< Z < 2.02)
b)
--- ..JI60 -- JJ60 --
= 0.97 83 - 0.0217 = .9566
Therefore, 'Ji¥o
160
0 = 2.33 and x = 229.5
4-161. let Xdenote the nt<.mberof calls inS ~.ou.rs. Because tlto: time b.."'\\.ox:ncalls is an exponential Nodom \oariab!e. tlw! m:mber ofcalls in;} hol!rs isa Poisson hlodom \oariab!e. t\o'"· th.e mean
timebef\~·eeneaJis is o,s ~.ours and A=1/0s = ~calls per tt.ou.r = 6calls in$ ~.ol!.rs.
[620.4)'
700
c) P(X > 620.4) = e = 0.4559
2.5 [ 2 ]2.5
a) P(X<2.5) = J (O.Sx -l)dx = 0.5 ' - x = 0.0625
2
2 2
4 ? 4
b) P(X>J) = J (O.Sx - l)dx = 0.5x- - x = 0.75
J
2 J
3.5 2 3.5
c) P(2.5<X < 3.5)= f <O.Sx - l)cb· = O.SL - x = 0.5
2 25
2.5
X X ?
12
d) F(x )= J (O.St - l )dt = 0.5- - t = L - x + I. Then,
2 2 2 4
0, x <2
x2
F(x) = - - x+ l, 25 x < 4
4
I. 45 x
2 4
e) E(X) = J4 x(0.5x -l)dx = 0.5L • - L = 11- 8 - ( i- 2) = .!Q
2 J 22 3 3 3
4 4
V(X) = J (x - 'f J\0.5x - l)dx = J( x 2 - 2°x+ 100](0.5x - l)dx
2 2 3 9
2
'[ 3 9 9
'
= J 0.5xJ_ .L!.x2+l!.Q.x - 100 dx = L 4 - ll,,.l+ 55xz - IOOx 4
89 9 92
l
= 0.2222
a)
b) Lct Wdeoote the ncmber ofCPUs that fa il "'it.f!.intfte next tllreeyears. Tlteo. W is a binomial random \'Sriable "'ith n = 10 and p = 0.$93.5 {from E.xercisc4·1.)0 ). Then.
•
so =e
8 6t .
S+1.i~l a) Fiod tlte'llh~3fOJM(,) giveo tft.:. t F.{X) =so andV{X) = 4000
41)00 =e {e -1)
.[; 1 21 2
letx =e andy=e tft.eo{l )SO = X Yand {~)4000= x y{J,'-l)= x y - x y.
50
Squ.are{l ) forx X = . { ; andsubs.tih!te into(~)
50
4000 = [ ;
2y 2 - [ [;
50 ]2
y= 2500(y - I)
[ ]
y = 2.6
50
st:bstiruteyba<:k in to(J)andsolvtfor x X = ~= 3 1.
• " 2.6
0= l otll ) =j~aod61 = ln{2.6) =0.91)
b) P(X < 150) = P(ew < 150) = P(W < ln(ISO)) = <I>[ ln(ISO) - 3.43]
0.98
= <P( I.6 1) = 0.946301
a) P(X > 2.25) = P[z > 2 · 2 ~~ 25 ] = P(Z > - 0.5) = I- P(Z < - 0.5) = 0.69 15
20 25 25
b) P(2.0 < X < 3.0) = P[ · - _ · < Z < J .O- · ] =P(- I < Z < I) = 0.683
0.) 0.5
b)
[ x-5
] x --
If P(X < x) = 0.95, then P Z > - - = 0 .95. Therefore, -
0.2 0.2
5 = 1.65 and x = 5.33.
4·!7.5· {(P{0.002 - X< X< 0 .00:!.- X), t.f!..eo P(- X/0.000 4 < Z < xj0.00CJ4) = 0 .99Jj.. n .erefote,xj0.0004 = j and:x = 0 .0(H2.. n .esp!lcific.'ltionsare from 0 .000 8toO.OOj.~.
5800 J 7000
5800)
J-7000
X
1
a) P(X < 5800) = - e ?OOOdx = I- c -l = 0.5633
0
X X
J7 ~00
00
b) P(X > x) = e ?OOOdx = 0.9 Therefore, e 7000 = 0.9 and x = - 70001n(0.9)= 737.5 hours.
X
4-179. a ) Using tl:e normal approximation to t~.e bioomial ,.,;tn n = .:;o•j6.j6 = 64.800.and p = O.OO()l wt: Ita\'€:: E(X) = 64800(0.0001) = 648
b)
P(X > 4) "'
- -
p[ X - np > 3.5- 6.48
)np(l- p) - )64800(0.0001X0.9999)
l
= P(Z '2 - 1.1 7) = I- 0. I2 I0 = 0.8790
4-181. a) P{X> x ) implie; that there are r - 1or lessoollllt$ in an intenoaJof length x. l.et \'denotethe numberofooc.nts in an intc:nosl of! engt~x . T~""ll. Yis a Poisson ~<~ndom \'arisble ,.,; ,~
psrameterAx.
r -1
Then.P(X> x) = P(Y 5 r - I) = L "-.lx (~)'.
1=0
1'-1
b) P(X < x) =I- L "-.lx (~?
f= O
+•! ',+s~
P(t < X < t + t ) =
1 1 2
J
t1
>..e-"'dx =-e- >.x
1
= e- /.1• - e- '-(1,- l,)
', '
P(X >t 1) = - e- >.x - /.1
=e *
I,
- AI
1- e ' = P(X < t2) •