OH&S Management System

Risk Assessment Based on

Occupational Health & Safety Assessment Series 18001

Prof. Gihan Hosny

Learning objectives

What is a/an

Hazard

Risk

Exposure

What are the types of occupational hazards?

Hazard

Potential of an agent to cause harm

Exposure

Contact with a Hazard is called Exposure

Exposure is a combination of

Magnitude

Frequency

Duration

Risk

Likelihood that an agent will cause harm in the actual circumstances of

exposure

RISK occurs only when there is

Health Risk = Hazard x Exposure

Health Risk

No Hazard = No Risk
Hazard, but no Exposure = No Risk

Health Risk = Hazard x Exposure

HAZARDS AT WORKPLACE

Physical

Chemical

Biological

Psychosocial

Ergonomics

Mechanical

Classes of Hazards

Health hazard
The potential to cause
harm to health
Chemical Psychological

Physical Ergonomic
Biological

Risk Assessment – Why?

“ To prevent accidents by identifying hazards and reducing the risk of

injury from those hazards to as low a level as is reasonably practicable.”

Definition of an Accident

An unplanned, unexpected event that can result in injury or damage.

 Occupational • Bacteria
• Fungi • Manual handling
Hazards • Insects • Repetitive movement
• Viruses • Restrictive working area

• Noise
• Vibration
• Radiation BIOLOGICAL ERGONOMICAL
• Lighting
• Heat PHYSICAL
• Cold CHEMICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL
•

• Fumes
• Gases • Job stress
• Aerosols • Job monotony
• Mists • Unsociable hours
• Liquids • Job organization
• Vapours
•Fibres
• Dusts

Definition of a Hazard

“Something with the potential to cause harm.”

Definition of a Risk

“The likelihood that the harm will be realised and, for the purpose of Risk
Assessment, the severity of the harm”

Reasonably Practicable

Time
Assessment Trouble
Of the Cost
Risk Physical difficulty

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 R
A
T
I
O
S
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Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999

Regulation 3.

1) every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of the

risks to his employees and persons not in his employment from the
hazards arising from his undertaking.

3) the assessment should be periodically reviewed.

4) the significant findings should be recorded where there are more than
five employees.

Organizations are responsible for risk that arises out of their own
workplaces.

* Management need to be committed to OH&S:-

- The old assumption that workers are responsible for

causing accidents are not entirely valid.

* Self-regulated

* Proactive management approach

PURPOSE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

• Identify regulatory requirements – compliance to local and

national laws.

• Identify hazards and risks – pertinent to current work

activities.

• Manage risks – introduce controls to manage risks to As Low

As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).

HAZARD AND RISK

HAZARD AND RISK

 HAZARD  RISK
- any source of - the chance or
potential probability that a
damage, harm or person will be
adverse health harmed or
effects on experience an
something or adverse health
someone under effect if exposed to
certain conditions at a hazard.
work.

TERMS AND DEFINITION

 RISK ASSESSMENT
 Overall process of
estimating the magnitude
of risk and deciding
whether or not the risk is
tolerable
 SAFETY
 Freedom from
unacceptable risk of
harm
 TOLERABLE RISK
 Risk that has
Commitmentd to a
level that can be
endured by the
organization having
regard to its legal
obligations an its
own OH&S policy
 WORKPLACE HAZARDS
Safety Hazards Health Hazards

 working conditions where  working conditions which

harm to the workers is of an
immediate and violent nature
 result in broken bones, cuts,
bruises, sprains, loss of limbs,
etc.
 the harm results in some kind
of injury to the worker
 associated with poorly
guarded or dangerous
equipment and machinery
result in an illness
 exposure to dangerous
substances or conditions,
such as chemicals, gases,
dusts, noise etc.
 often, latency between
exposure and disease

Genetic Multiplicity of
factors exposure
Lifestyle
Duration of
Age exposure

Workers’ WORK- Workplace

Susceptibility Factors Physical
RELATED properties
Race DISEASE
Magnitude of
Gender exposure
Medical Timing of
history exposure

Purpose of Management system:

• Establish a policy and objectives – introduce plans to manage

the risks that has been identified. Implement the plans.

• Monitor performance – obtain feedback and make the

necessary changes to the policy or objectives if required.
 • WHAT IS OH&S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ?

• Voluntary management system

• Integrates OH&S hazards into business process

• Identify, assess and control hazards relating to business

• Anticipates and meets OH&S performance expectations

(national / international level)

• Applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type, or level

of maturity

PDCA IN OH&S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Plan

Assess risk, identify applicable regulations

* Do

Identify responsibility and accountability, training,

communicate, control and prepare for emergencies.

* Check

Monitor, Record, Audit (Check, Examination, Review,

Assessment)

* Act to improve
 OH&S Policy
Management Continual
Review
Improvement

Checking & Planning

Corrective Action
Implementation
& Operation

Health & Safety Management

Policy

Organising

Planning and
Auditing
Implementing

Measuring
performance

Reviewing
performance

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4.3 PLANNING

(One of the elements of OHSAS 18001)

4.3.1 Planning for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk

control.
 • The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for
the ongoing identification of hazards, assessment of risks and
the implementation of the necessary control measures.

Methodology For Hazard Identification And Risk Assessment

1. Relevant to job activity.

2. Proactive rather than reactive. Need to uncover hazards.

3. Able to classify risks.

4. Risks can be identified, controlled or eliminated. Control

measures need to be specified.

How do we do it ?

1. Set up sub-committees in each individual work section.

2. Get them to make a list of all current work activities ( routine

and non-routine).

3. Use a Risk Assessment Matrix to conduct an initial assessment

to determine activities that constitute highest risk to employees,
subcontractors or visitors.

How can we succeed ?

1. Management must give endorsement.

2. Set performance standards – use industry and current legal

standards.

3. Education and Training – provide training to the risk

assessment sub-committee members.

4. Task selection (prioritize) – Take action on job activities with

the highest risks.

5. Group involvement – Risk assessment sub-committee is to

submit their findings to the OSH Committee. OSH Committee
to submit to management for approval.

6. Documented, acted upon and reviewed.

How To Prepare A Job Safety Analysis

 How to determine the hazards in a job activity.

1. List down all work activities with the highest risk.

2. Break each work activity into sequential steps.

3. Identify all hazards.

4. Conduct initial risk assessment.

RISK = probability x severity.

How To Control Hazards

1. Specify Control Measures.

a. Eliminate hazard.

b. Engineering Controls / Isolation.

c. Administrative Controls.

d. Personal Protective Equipment.

2. Implement and Monitor.

Risk Assessment

 essential for safe working

 applicable beyond OH&S

 quick assessment of relative risks

 simple methodology, usually

 Risk factor = probability x severity

 other forms may be used

Probability

 1 = unlikely

 2 = possible
  3 = probable

Severity

 1 = minor

 2 = serious

 3 = critical

Risk Factor

 1-3 = low risk

 4 = medium risk

 6 or 9 = high risk

 NB: the number must be

 calculated, NOT estimated separately

Risk Assessment Guide

Risk Assessment

 Consider the task or processes.

 Identify the hazards.

 Identify who is at risk.

  Analyse and evaluate the risk against the severity.

 Decide on control measures.

 Implement the control measures.

 Monitor the control measures.

 Review the process.

Who is at risk?

 Employees.

 Directly carrying out the task.

 Other employees working near the task being assessed.

 Cleaning and maintenance staff.

 Sex.

 Age.

 Health.

 Special circumstances (e.g. Pregnancy).

Who is at Risk?
 Visitors Contractors.
 Invited Cleaners
 Customers Maintenance
 Emergency
services Others
 Delivery drivers Members of the public
 Uninvited Passers by
 Trespassers Neighbours
 Burglars

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 Risk Ratings
Slightly Extremely
Likelihood Severity Harmful
harmful harmful
Highly
Trivial Tolerable Moderate
unlikely

Unlikely Tolerable Moderate Substantial

Likely Moderate Substantial Intolerable

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Control Measures
 Remember - E.R.I.C.
Eliminate the hazard.
Reduce the hazard or change it for a safer
alternative.

Isolate the hazard from personnel

Control the hazard
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 Control Measures
 Safe person controls
 Protective devices
 Safe systems of work
 Personal protective equipment
 Permits to work
 Training
 Instruction
 Supervision
 Signs
 Method statements

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RISK ASSESSMENT

Overall process of estimating the magnitude of risk and deciding whether

or not the risk is tolerable

SAFETY

Freedom from unacceptable risk of harm

TOLERABLE RISK

Risk that has Commitmentd to a level that can be endured by the

organization having regard to its legal obligations an its own OH&S
policy
 Safety & Health Committee Org.

CHAIRMAN
CEO /MD

MANAGEMENT WORKERS
Representitives Representatives

Depts./ Sections Depts./Sections

Composition Of Committee

OSH Committee consists of :

 Chairman

 Secretary

 Representatives of employer

 Representatives of employees

Representatives

This Regulation Requires that :

 Less than 100 employees - 2 from management.

- 2 from employees.

 More than 100 employees - 4 from management.

- 4 from employees.

OSH Committee’s Commitment

 Assist in the development of safety and health rules and safe

systems of work.
  Review the effectiveness of safety and health program.

 Carry out studies on trends of incident & report to management.

 Review & make recommendations on Safety & Health Policy.

Workplace Inspection

 Inspect the workplace at least once in 3 months.

 Develop programs for corrective actions.

 Evaluate effectiveness of corrective actions.

 Report & record unsafe acts and conditions.

 Advise management on improvement of safety.

Accident Investigation

 Assist the Safety Officer when he is conducting accident

investigation.

 Obtain additional shop floor information pertaining to the cause of

the accident.

 Provide recommendations to prevent recurrence.

 Communicate cause of accident and recommended actions to

prevent recurrence of the accident to his/her colleagues once results
are made public.

 Follow up on the implementation of corrective measures.

Investigate Into Complaints

 Committee members must maintain an open communication

system for employees to report on OSH issues.

 Members will then take immediate action to look into any

complaints or suggestions.
  Members can refer to the safety & health committee if immediate
management is incapable of taking any action.

 If the Committee receives any complaints, they must;

- investigate immediately

- make a report

- Make a recommendation to eliminate or reduce the risk.

- Employer must implement the recommended actions immediately

after receiving report from the committee.

- Reasons must be given if management cannot implement the

recommended actions.

- If the committee does not agree with the reasons given by the
management, they can refer the case to DG DOSH for further
investigation.

Other Activities Involving OSH Committee

 The OSH committee should assist management in activities

pertaining to OSH;

- Safety and Health Awareness Campaign

- Safety and Health awards

- Safety and Health exhibition

- Conduct Safety and Health Surveys