ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCE

Kata kerja transitif mempunyai dua voice(ragam gramatikal), yaitu active

voice (aktif) dan passive voice (pasif).
1. Active voice (bentuk aktif), subjek melakukan pekerjaan. Contoh: Jane
killed a tiger = Jane membunuh seekor harimau (disini orang yang ditunjukkan
oleh subjek yaitu Jane, melakukan sebuah pekerjaan pada seekor harimau).
2. Passive voice (bentuk pasif), subjek dikenai pekeerjaan.
Contoh: A tiger was killed by Jane. (disini binatang yang ditunjukkan oleh subjek
yaitu seekor harimau, dikenai pekerjaan dari Jane).
PASSIVE VOICE (Kalimat Pasif)
Passive voice (kalimat pasif) yaitu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai
pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa Indonesia kalimat ini menggunakan kata kerja yang
diawali dengan di (dijual, dipanggil, ditulis, dll).
Contoh:
Bob eats rice every day (Bob makan nasi setiap hari)

S O

Rice is eaten by Bob every day (nasi dimakan oleh Bob setiap hari)
S O
*subjek menempati posisi objek dan sebaliknya

No Tenses Active Passive

1. S. present V1+O Is/am/are+v3+by……
2. Present Cont. Is/am/are+v.ing+o Is/am/are+being v3+by….
Was/were+v3+by….
3. S. Past V2+O Was/were+being v3+by….
4. Past Cont Was/were+v.ing+o Have/has+been v3+by….
Had+been v3+by….
5. Pres. Perfect Have/has+v3+o Will/shall+be v3+by….
Would/should+be
6. Past Perfect Had+v3+o v3+by….
7. S. Future Will/shall+v1+o Can/must/may+be
8. Past Future Would/should+v1+o v3+by…
Could/had to/might+be+v3
9. Modal 1 Can/must/may+v1+o +by…..
Modal 2/
10. Modal Lampau Could/had
 to/might+v1+o

Keterangan:
Pastikan bahwa secara umum perubahan dari bentuk aktif ke pasif hanya
pada kata kerja yang diubah menjadi tobe + v3.
Luhat dan perhatikan contoh contoh berikut;
No Active Passive
1. Messi eats rice every day Rice is eaten by Kustam every day
2. I am studying English now English is being studied (by me)
now
3. Paijan ate ‘satay’ last night ‘satay’ was eaten by Paijan last night
4. Tumini was making a dress The dress was being made by
Tumini
5. He has written a letter The letter has been written (by him)
6. You had drunk coffee The coffee had been drunk (by you)
7. Paiman will kiss you You will be kissed by Paiman
8. Tukijan would climb a tree The tree woould be climbed by
Tukijan
9. She can drive a car The car can be driven (by her)
10. You could pass the exam last The exam could be passed (by you)
year last year

Catatan
Dalam merubah kalimat dari bentuk’active’ ke dalam bentuk ‘passive’
maka ada beberapa hal yang penting untuk dipehatikan. Cermatilah langkah-
langkah dan ketentuan dalam ‘passive voice’ berikut ini:
1. Dalam bentuk passive kalimat menekankan maknanya pada benda/ hal yang
dikenai pekerjaan bukan siapakah peelakunya/ subjeknya belum jelas maka
lebih baik dihilangkan. Oleh karena itu pada beberapa contoh diatas kata ‘by
him’ diberi tanda kurung karena bisa dihilangkan dengan tanpa mengabaikan
makna dasarnya. Contoh pelaku yang bisa dihilankan adalah: someone,
somebody, anybody, I, you, they, we, he, she, it, etc.
2. Penentuan yang mana subjek dan mana objek sangatlah penting karena
pertukaran tempat yang terjadi dalam perubahan bentuk ini yaitu ‘objek’
ditaruh di posisi depan untuk menggantikan posisi ‘subjek’ dan sebaliknya
‘subjek’ ditarik ke posisi belakang untuk menggantikan posisi ‘objek’.
3. Dalam menjawab soal anda perlu memperhatikan ‘time signal’ keterangan
waktunya. Karena dengan mengetahuinya kita akan bisa menetukan bentuk
kata kerja passive yang mana yang kita gunakan
 Rumus Keterangan Waktu
1. Simple Present :> every day, every week, always, dsb
2. Present Continous :> now, at the moment, at present, still.
3. Simple Past :> yesterday, Last week, in 1945, ago, when/while.
4. Past Continous :> at 7 o’clock yesterday, when/while
5. Present Perfect :> since, for, recently, since yestrday
6. Past Perfect :> after, before
7. Simple Future :> tomorrow, next week, next month

Contoh:
The game………..because of the heavy rain yesterday
a. Is cancelled c. Be cancelled e. Will be cancelled
b. Was cancelled d. Cancelled

Kata ‘yesterday’ merupakan keterangan waktu dari simple past maka bentuk kata
kerja passive yang cocok untuk mengisi soal itu adalah rumus passive nomer 3
yaitu bentuk passive simple past

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah
was atau were
Contoh:
Active : He met them yesterday
Passive : They were met by him yesterday
Active : She watered this plant this morning
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi
‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
Active : He has met them
Passive : They have been met by him
Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah
been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah be
Contoh:
Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will
have been’
Contoh:
Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this
afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi
‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active : He would have met them.
Passive : They would have been met by him.
Active : She would have watered this plant.
Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
Active : He is meeting them now.
Passive : They are being met by him now.
Active : She is watering this plant now.
Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah (was atau were) + being.
Contoh:
Active : He was meeting them.
Passive : They were being met by him.
Active : She was watering this plant.
Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He has been meeting them.
Passive : They have been being met by him.
Active : She has been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-
nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He had been meeting them.
Passive : They had been being met by him.
Active : She had been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya
adalah will be + being.
Contoh:
Active : He will be meeting them.
Passive : They will be being met by him.
Active : She will be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-
nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
Active : He would be meeting them.
Passive : They would be being met by him.
Active : She would be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive
voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He will have been meeting them.
Passive : They will have been being met by him.
Active : She will have been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive
voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He would be meeting them.
Passive : They would be being met by him.
Active : She would be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.