Abaqus Tutorial 15 Pane XFEM

Tutorial 15a:: Composites,
Composites
Modelling ply failure with X--FEM
Stephanie Miot
Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

Southill Barn, Southill Business Park, Cornbury Park, Charlbury, Oxfordshire, OX7 3EW
T. 01608 811777 F. 01608811770 E.info@ssanalysis.co.uk W. www.ssanalysis.co.uk
1. Introduction
In this tutorial, you will modify a structural model of a stiffened panel to define the
material properties including the ply failure parameters and create X-FEM
X
domains. You will then perform a static analysis and visualize the simulation of
the crack propagation with Abaqus/Viewer.
When you complete this tutorial, you

y will be able to:
- Define the material properties of a composite ply
- Define a ply failure criterion
- Create an enriched X-FEM
X domain
Preliminaries
The stiffened panel presented in Figure 1 is composed of:

- a skin
• Dimensions: 1600
16 mm x 1000 m, 6 mm thick
• Lay-up: (902, 02, 904, 04)S
• Material: UD carbon / epoxy T300/M18
- 2 stiffeners
• Dimensions: 200
20 mm x 140 mm, 1600 mm
m long, 4 mm thick
• Lay-up: (02, 902, -452, 452)S
• Material: UD carbon / epoxy T800/M18
The model will be modified to include the prediction of the fibre tensile failure in
the skin. A failure criterion based on the maximal principal stress will be used.
The failure model will be applied to the central section
section around the hole. The skin
has been partitioned.

T. 01608 811777 F. 01608811770 E.info@ssanalysis.co.uk W. www.ssanalysis.co.uk 2
Figure 1: Stiffened panel
2. Setting up the model

Open the model Tutorial15a.cae.
Tutorial15a
This file contains the geometry and the mesh of the different components, the
assembly, the boundary conditions and the loading.. In this tutorial, you will define
the material properties of the skin including ply failure criterion and material
orientation. You will then create X-FEM
X domains to allow cracks to propagate in
the structure. You will finally run a static analysis and use the visualization
module to post-process
process the results of the simulation.
simulati

3. Material and section properties
1. Define the orthotropic elastic behaviour of the UD ply with the following
material properties:
Elasticity coefficients:
- E1 = 170 GPa - ν23 =0.4
- E2 = E3 = 9 GPa - G12 = G13 = 4.8 GPa
- ν12 = ν13 = 0.34 - G23 = 4.5 GPa
Coefficients for tensile fibre failure criterion:
criterion
- XT = 2050 MPa
- Long. tensile fracture energy: Gftc = 95 kJ/m²
Two material data sets need to be defined to account for the failure mode. The 0°
0
plies are most likely to fail due to fibre tensile failure.
failure The 90° plies are most likely
to fail due to matrix failure. In this tutorial, only the fibre failure will be taken into
account.
a. Go into the Property Module and click the Create Material icon
b. In the Edit Material dialog box, name the material T300/M18.

c. From the material editor’s menu bar, select Mechanical → Elasticity →
Elastic
d. Select Type: Engineering Constants and enter

nter the material data as defined
above. Click OK to create the new material.
e. Click the Material Manager icon In the Material Manager dialog

box, select the material T300/M18 and click Copy... Name the new material
T300/M18-0. Click OK.. Select the material T300/M18-0 and click Edit...
f. In the Edit Material dialog box, select

s Mechanical → Damage for Traction
Separation Laws → Maxps Damage
g. Modify the value of the Tolerance: 0.002. Specify the Maximum

aximum Principal
Stress: 2050 MPa.

h. Click Suboptions and select Damage Evolution. In the Suboption Editor
dialog box, select Type: Energy and specify the Fracture Energy: 95
mJ/mm².
i. Click Suboptions and select Damage Stabilization Cohesive.

Cohesive In the
Suboption Editor dialog box, specify the Viscosity coefficient:
coefficient 1e-5. Then
click OK to exit the Suboption editor and OK to exit the Material editor.

2. Create new sections and assign section properties to the different plies.
plies
a. Click the Create Section icon . Name the section: Skin

Skin. Select
Category: Solid and Type: Homogeneous.
Homogeneous Click Continue...
b. In the Edit Section dialog box, select Material: T300/M18.. Click OK to

complete the creation of the new section.
c. Follow the instructions a to b to create a second section named Skin-0 which

will be associated to the material T300/M18-0.
d. Click the Assign Section icon . Select the cells highlighted red in
Figure 2.. 6 cells need to be selected: the central sections
section of the second ply,
the 4th ply and the 6th plyy. Name the new set: xfem and click Done.
Done
e. In the Edit Section Assignment

Assign dialog box, select Section: Skin-0
Skin and click
OK.

Figure 2:
2 Cells to be assigned section: Skin-0
f. In the model tree, expand Parts / Skin / Section Assignments.

Assignments Click Skin-0
(Solid, Homogeneous).
Homogeneous). The cells are highlighted red. Click the Removed
Selected icon .
g. Click the Assign Section icon . Select all the cells displ
played in the
viewport. Toggle off the Create set option. In the Edit Section Assignment
Assign
dialog box, select Section: Skin and click OK.
h. Click the Replace All icon

3. Define the material orientation for each ply.
a. Click the Assign Material

aterial Orientation icon
b. Select the 4 cells of the 1st ply, the 3rd ply, the 5th ply and the last ply as shown
in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Cells to be assigned material orientation: 90°
c. Click Use Default Orientation or Other Method.

Method

d. In the Edit Material Orientation dialog box, select Definition: Coordinate
system and click the Edit icon . Click Datum CSYS List...
... in the bottom
right corner and select Datum csys-1.
e. Specify the Additional Rotation Direction: 3 and the Additional Rotation /

Angle: 90.. Accept the default selection of the direction 3 for the stacking
direction. Click OK.

f. In the model tree, expand Parts / Skin / Orientations. Click SYSTEM: Datum
csys-1 then click the Removed Selected icon .
g. Follow the instructions a to e to assign a material orientation to the 0° plies.

Select all the cells displayed in the viewport and define the material orientation
with the coordinate system: Datum csys-1. Specify the rotation angle: 0.
0
i. Click the Replace All icon .

4. X-FEM
FEM domains
1. Create X-FEM
FEM domains (or enriched zones).
zones) The regions where cracks can
propagate need to be defined. As only one crack should propagate in an enriched
zone, partitions have been created to allow modelling 2 cracks per ply.
a. Go into the Interaction Module. Click the Create Display Group icon
b. In the Create Display Group dialog box, select Item: Sets and select Skin-
1.xfem. Click Replace then Dismiss.
c. In the menu bar, click Special / Crack/ Manager...
d. In the Crack Manager dialog box, click Create... Name the new domain
Crack-0-1 and select Type: XFEM.
XFEM Click Continue...
e. Specify the selection of the crack domain: geometric cells.
f. Select the cell highlighted red in the Figure 4 (Top cell on the left).
Figure 4:: Cell to be defined as a XFEM domain

g. In the Edit Crack dialog box, accept the default selection and click OK.
h. Follow the instructions d to g to create the other 5 crack domains.
Crack-0-2
Crack-0-1
Crack--0-4
Crack-0-3
Crack
Crack-0-6
Crack-0-5

5. Static analysis and post-processing
post
1. Create new output requests. The preselected default output does not include
the X-FEM variables. To visualize the crack propagation in the Visualization
module, you will write additional field output to the output database file.
file
a. Go into the Step Module.

Module Click the Field Output Manager icon
b. In the Field Output Requests Manager dialog box, click Edit...

... to modify the
request F-Output-1.
c. In the Edit Field Output Request dialog box, in the Output Variables list,
expand the Failure/Fracture list and toggle on the variables PHILSM.
P Then
expand the State/Field/User/Time list and toggle on the variable
STATUSXFEM.
d. Click OK.

2. Run the job. Note that the job has been created.
a. Go into the Job Module.

Module Click the Job Manager icon.
b. Optional, if possible to run the analysis on multiple CPUs:

s: In the Job Manager
dialog box, click Edit... In the Parallelization tab, toggle on Use multiple
processors and select the number of processors you want to use.
c. In the Job Manager dialog box, click Submit to run the Job: Panel04.
Panel04

3. Analyse the results of the simulation.
a. When the job submission has been completed, in the Job Manager dialog
box, click Results or open Panel04.odb in the Visualization Module.
Module
b. Click the Common Options icon and select Visible Edges: Free edges.
edges
Click OK.
c. Click the Plot Contours on Deformed Shape icon
d. Click the Field Output Dialog icon or click Result → Field Output.
Output
e. In the Field Output dialog box, in the Primary Variable tab, select the
Output Variable: STATUSXFEM.
STATUSXFEM Then click Apply.
f. In the Color Code toolbar, click the Toggle Global Translucency icon
You can then visualise the crack propagation in the 0° ply.

g. Click the Create Display Group icon or click Tools → Display
Displa Group →
Create...
h. In the Create Display Group dialog box, select Items:Elements

Items: /
Method:Section assignment and SKIN-1._PICKEDSET160
SKIN 60... Click the
Replace icon then click Dismiss.
i. In the Field Output dialog box, select the Output Variable: PHILSM.
PHILSM Then
click OK.
j. Click the View Cut Manager icon . Toggle off Crack_PHILSM.
k. Click the Common Options icon and select Visible Edges: Exterior
edges. Click OK. You can then visualise the mesh without the crack.
crack Toggle
on Crack_PHILSM and the crack is added to the mesh.


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Tutorial 15a:: Composites,

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

When you complete this tutorial, you

The stiffened panel presented in Figure 1 is composed of:

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

2. Setting up the model

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

b. In the Edit Material dialog box, name the material T300/M18.

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

d. Select Type: Engineering Constants and enter

e. Click the Material Manager icon In the Material Manager dialog

f. In the Edit Material dialog box, select

g. Modify the value of the Tolerance: 0.002. Specify the Maximum

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

i. Click Suboptions and select Damage Stabilization Cohesive.

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a. Click the Create Section icon . Name the section: Skin

b. In the Edit Section dialog box, select Material: T300/M18.. Click OK to

c. Follow the instructions a to b to create a second section named Skin-0 which

e. In the Edit Section Assignment

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f. In the model tree, expand Parts / Skin / Section Assignments.

h. Click the Replace All icon

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a. Click the Assign Material

Figure 3: Cells to be assigned material orientation: 90°

c. Click Use Default Orientation or Other Method.

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e. Specify the Additional Rotation Direction: 3 and the Additional Rotation /

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g. Follow the instructions a to e to assign a material orientation to the 0° plies.

i. Click the Replace All icon .

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c. In the menu bar, click Special / Crack/ Manager...

e. Specify the selection of the crack domain: geometric cells.

Figure 4:: Cell to be defined as a XFEM domain

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h. Follow the instructions d to g to create the other 5 crack domains.

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a. Go into the Step Module.

b. In the Field Output Requests Manager dialog box, click Edit...

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a. Go into the Job Module.

b. Optional, if possible to run the analysis on multiple CPUs:

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c. Click the Plot Contours on Deformed Shape icon

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h. In the Create Display Group dialog box, select Items:Elements

j. Click the View Cut Manager icon . Toggle off Crack_PHILSM.

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

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