Katie Kilpatrick

Prof. Richardson

English 1201

15 March 2019

Annotated Bibliography

My essay will try to answer what the negative effects of social media are on adolescents.

I want to research the negatives of social media as so many of today's kids use social media. I

want to know how and why social media has so many negative effects of the young brain. How

does social media affect adolescents negatively?

Batool, Sumera, et al. “Bullying in Social Media: An Effect Study of Cyber Bullying on

the Youth.” Pakistan Journal of Criminology, vol. 9, no. 4, Oct. 2017, pp. 119–139.

EBSCOhost,

sinclair.ohionet.org:80/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=tsh&AN=129014252&site=eds-live.

“Bullying in Social Media: An Effect Study of Cyber Bullying on the Youth.” was

written by Sumera Batool. This academic journal was published on EBSCOhost. This article is

from the Pakistan Journal of Criminology and was written in October 2017. This article states

that those being bullied online are affected socially, emotionally and academically. This article

focuses on children in Pakistan being cyber bullied. The study found that children are very likely

to be affected negatively by bullying through social media. There is also a difference between

how males and females are affected by cyberbullying through social media. Cyberbullying has a
greater emotional effect on females than males. Cyberbullying through social media can also

result in the individuals being bullied isolating themselves from other people.

The author’s purpose of writing this article is to show the effects of cyberbullying

through social media on the youths in Pakistan. The audience for this is anyone with a higher

level of education wanting to research effects of cyberbullying through social media on the

youth. The author displays data that was collected and explains the study in an academic way.

Since this article was written about the youths in Pakistan, it gives a different perspective of how

another country is affected by social media, rather than just seeing a study done in the US. And

since the study was done recently, it gives accurate data on the negative effects of social media.

The writer is Sumera Batool, a professor at the Lahore College for Women University.

She is credible because she works in the Department of Mass Communication and has an

expertise in media. The article has adequate information because a study was conducted and

research was done to prove how social media negatively affects youth. It is reliable because it is

an academic journal about a study that was conducted and it includes data and facts.

I can use this source to answer my question because it is a study done explaining the

effects of social media and cyberbullying on youth. It explains the negative effects social media

has on adolescents because of cyberbullying. I can use the facts obtained from the research study

to support my claim that social media negatively affects adolescents. It affects adolescents all

over the world and not just the US, as well.

Guinta, Maggie R. “Social Media and Adolescent Health.” Pediatric Nursing, vol. 44, no.

4, July 2018, pp. 196–201. EBSCOhost,

 sinclair.ohionet.org:80/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=tfh&AN=131366570&site=eds-live.

This article was written by Maggie Guinta. This article was published on EBSCOhost and

is from a journal of Pediatric Nursing. It was written in 2018. This article discusses both the

negatives and the positives of social media use by adolescents. It discusses how and why

different social media activities can harm adolescents. The article also explains the positives of

social media. Negatives the article mentions include cyberbullying, educational consequences,

mental health consequences, sexting, and lack of privacy. Benefits include collaboration and

tolerance, access to social support, health communication, and self-esteem and well-being.

The author's purpose of writing this article is to inform nurses on how to assist

adolescents in developing healthy social media habits. The audience for this piece is pediatric

nurses. This article was written very recently so the information is up to date and current. This

article was written concerning adolescents in the US.

The writer is Maggie Guinta. She is credible because she uses many facts from other

sources and is knowledgeable on the subject. The author has adequate information as she uses

many facts and backs up any claims with evidence. The source is reliable because it is in an

academic journal for pediatric nurses. Nurses have to be able to use this journal to help patients

so the information must be accurate.

I can use this information in my research paper to backup my claim of how social media

affects adolescents negatively. I can also use this information in a counterargument explaining

the positives of social media. It is a good source to explain the specifics of the negative effects of

social media. It explains how each aspect of social media can negatively affect the adolescent

brain.
 HOLSON, LAURA M. “Social Media’s Vampires: They Text by Night.” New York

Times, vol. 163, no. 56554, 6 July 2014, pp. 1–9. EBSCOhost,

sinclair.ohionet.org:80/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=a9h&AN=96913256&site=ehost-live.

This article is written by Laura Holson. The article is from the New York Times and is

published on EBSCOhost. It was written in 2014 which is relatively recent so the facts are

accurate. This article focuses on how social media causes teenagers to stay up late and lose sleep.

Sleep deprivation can be caused by social media because teenagers often want to stay up and be

on their phones. This can have many detrimental effects on the young brain.

The writer's purpose in writing this article is to explain how teenagers stay up late on

their phones and on social media, causing them to be sleep deprived. The audience for this piece

is parents of teenagers who stay up late on social media. This article was written pretty recently

so the facts are accurate. This source focuses on kids who live in the US.

The writer of this article is Laura Holson. She is an award winning reporter who writes

about the media. She has written many other credible works as well. There is adequate

information as she interviewed many kids and got facts about staying up late on social media and

provided evidence to backup her claims. The source is reliable because it provides facts and was

published by the New York Times, a credible news source.

I can use this information in my research paper because I can explain how social media

causes sleep deprivation. The article focuses on kids staying up late on social media which can
negatively affect their development. Sleep deprivation is very bad for the human body and social

media is a main contributor nowadays to losing sleep.

Kircaburun, Kagan. “Self-Esteem, Daily Internet Use and Social Media Addiction as Predictors

of Depression among Turkish Adolescents.” Journal of Education and Practice, vol. 7,

no. 24, Jan. 2016, pp. 64–72. EBSCOhost,

sinclair.ohionet.org:80/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=eric&AN=EJ1112856&site=eds-live.

The author of this article is Kagan Kircaburun. The article comes from The Journal of

Education and Practice. It was written in 2016. The study was done in Turkey. This study tested

whether turkish adolescents social media use directly correlated to depression and low self

esteem. They found that these do directly correlate with social media use.

The writer's purpose in writing this article is to show the correlation between high

amounts of social media use and depression in Turkish adolescents. The audience is

professionals who want to study the correlation between social media and depression. Since this

piece was written in Turkey, a different perspective is given compared to if the study was die in

the US. The study is also fairly current so the facts are up to date and accurate.

The writer is Kagan Kircaburun. The author is credible because he has many other

credible works and the study was published in an academic journal. The study was also peer

reviewed, making it reliable. There is adequate information because a study was done to prove

the correlation between self esteem and social media use.

 I can use this article in my essay because it shows a correlation between low self esteem

and high social media use. This shows that social media negatively affects the adolescent brain.

This can be used to backup my claim that social media negatively affects adolescents.

Spies Shapiro, Lauren A and Gayla Margolin. “Growing up wired: social networking sites and

adolescent psychosocial development” Clinical child and family psychology review vol.

17,1 (2014): 1-18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795955/

The authors of this article are Lauren Spies Shapiro and Gayla Margolin. The article is

from the US National Library of Medicine and was written in 2014. This article discusses

adolescents and how social media affects their development. It is unbiased in the fact that it

discusses how social media shapes the lives of adolescent and focuses less on the positives and

negatives of social media. It gives the facts of how social media affects development.

The writer's purpose is to inform other doctors or those who study medicine about the

effects of social media. They explain how social media affects development of adolescents. The

article was written in 2014 in the US so the facts are current and accurate.

The writers are Lauren Spies Shapiro and Gayla Margolin. Both are credible authors as

they have written many other credible works. The article has lots of evidence to backup all

claims made. The source is reliable as it was written for the US National Library of Medicine,

which is used by doctors so the information is peer reviewed and must be accurate.

This article can be used for any facts about how social media affects development of

adolescents. Since it is unbiased and doesn’t focus on the positives or negatives, I can use this

source to explain how social media affects adolescents. The facts from this article can be used to

backup any claims I make in my essay.

 Uhls, Yalda T., et al. “Benefits and Costs of Social Media in Adolescence.” Pediatrics,

American Academy of Pediatrics, 1 Nov. 2017,

pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/140/Supplement_2/S67.

This article was written by Yalda Uhls. It is from the American Academy of Pediatrics

and was written in 2017. This article discusses the positives and negatives of social media and

how it affects adolescents. Adolescents are both positively and negatively affected by social

media in many ways. This article goes into depth of both those positives and negatives.

The author wrote this article to inform pediatricians of the effects of social media on

children. The audience is pediatricians. The article was written in 2017 so it is recent so the

information is accurate.

The writer is Yalda Uhls, who has many credible works and is a child psychologist. She

researches how media affects children so she has adequate information to write the article. She

provides evidence for her claims as well. This source is reliable as it comes from a pediatrics

journal so it is peer reviewed and contains accurate information.

I can use the information from this article to backup my claim that social media

negatively affects adolescents. This article contains information about the negative effects of

social media so it would be very useful in backing up my claim. It can also be used to provide

information for a counter argument on how social media has positive effects on adolescents.
 YUJIN LIM, and SOONTAE AN. “Effects of Attributions and Social Media Exposure on

Obesity Stigma among Korean Adolescents.” Social Behavior & Personality: An

International Journal, vol. 46, no. 12, Dec. 2018, pp. 2049–2061. EBSCOhost,

sinclair.ohionet.org:80/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=s3h&AN=133467342&site=eds-live.

The author of this article is Yujin Lim The article is from an international journal of

social behavior and personality. This article was written in South Korea in 2018. This is a study

documenting the effects of seeing online body image content on social media and how that

affects high school students body image. Seeing online images on social media of thinness and

physical attractiveness made adolescents’ body image worse.

The writer's purpose in writing this was to show the effects of seeing thinness on social

media and how that makes adolescents feel. The audience is people who want to study the effects

of social media relating to body image. Since this was written in South Korea, it give a different

perspective on how social media affects adolescents as they have a different culture compared to

those in the US. The study was done in 2018 so it is current making the data accurate.

The writer is Yujin Lim. The author is credible because she has many other credible

works and the study is peer reviewed, also making the source reliable. The study comes from a

medical journal which makes it credible.

I can use this information in my research paper because this source discusses the negative

effects of social media with regards to body image. The study showed that Korean adolescents

have lower self esteem and worse body image because of social media. I can use this information

to backup my claim that social media negatively affects adolescents.