The quest of human beings to

“POLLUTION
develop engines with high
LESS ENGINE” power, high torque, less
vibration and most essentially
CONTENTS:-
with no pollution is on since the
discovery and development of
 ABSTRACT
engine. Stirling engine is just
 INTRODUCTION one step forward towards the

 STIRLING ENGINE creation of a noise free and

pollution less engine.
 TYPES OF
The Stirling engine is the
STIRLING ENGINE
engine, which uses a fixed
 PARTS OF
amount of gas sealed inside a
STIRLING ENGINE
cylinder. The expansion and
 STIRLING CYCLE contraction of the gas, using
 ADVANTAGES heat from external source,
creates the useful work. The
 SUMMARY
main advantage of this engine is
its capability to use any type of
fuel and the emission of no
exhaust gases.
Due to this pollution free
and use of any type of fuel
characteristics the Stirling
engine shows a greater potential
over any other type of engine
ABSTRACT existing today. To consolidate
this claim an effort has been
made to develop a working be thrown aside and replaced by
model of Stirling engine. a marginally wider chap.
Doubtful that any of us would
INTRODUCTION be able to imagine modern
travel without an internal
All of us including the lamest of combustion cycle. Hell if we ask
laymen would have at one time our mechanic if he has ever seen
or another experienced a vehicle without any exhaust
problems with our vehicles then he is probably going to
engine and most of the time refer to you to the nearest
after moaning and cursing shrink.
finally in line with the universe So an engine without any
and accepting our doom we exhaust gas is a mirage or it can
would have coughed up the cash be a reality? The answer for this
for repairs and parts and is definitely yes. We can have
insistently taken old parts home, an engine without any exhaust
disregarding the fact that no gas and that is what a Stirling
descent human would have engine is.
wanted them and during this
exercise in existence it is
doubtful that anybody would
STIRLING ENGINE
have chance to miss seeing a
piston or two, this ubiquitous
The Stirling engine is a heat
creatures that scurry up and
engine that is vastly different
down in an enclosed cylindrical
space, getting their crowns
slammed regularly and
unceremoniously…eventually to
from an internal combustion inside cylinder of the
engine. Stirling engines have engine.
two pistons that create a 90-
degree phase angle and two TYPES OF STIRLING
different temperature spaces.
ENGINE
The working gas in the engine is
Stirling engines can be
perfectly sealed, and doesn't go
classified as:
in and out to the
• Two pistons type
Stirling engine
atmosphere. The Stirling engine
• Displacer type Stirling
uses a Stirling cycle, which is
engine.
unlike the cycles used in normal
internal combustion engines.
• The gas used inside TWO PISTON TYPE
Stirling engine never STIRLING ENGINE
leaves the engine. There
The two-piston type Stirling
are no exhaust valves that
engine uses two power pistons.
vent high-pressure gases
Out of the two pistons one is hot
as in petrol or diesel
piston, which is used in hot
engine, and there are no
chamber, and the other one is a
explosions taking place.
cold piston used in cold
• The Stirling cycle uses
chamber. The space above a hot
external heat source, piston is always heated by a heat
which could be anything source. The space above a cold
from gasoline to solar piston is cooled always by cold
energy to heat produced air.
by decaying plants. No
combustion takes place
DISPLACER TYPE cooled always by cold air. The
STIRLING ENGINE displacer piston displaces hot air

The displacer type Stirling and cold air.

engine uses a power piston and

a displacer. The space below a
displacer piston is always heated
by a heat source. The space
above the displacer piston is
 PARTS OF A Crankshaft: The crankshaft is
made up of steel, which passes
STIRLING ENGINE
through the bearing and receives
Main chamber: It is the
the crank disc .the crank disc
chamber where a fixed amount
forms mount for flywheel.
of gas is sealed initially. Inside
Regenerator: The regenerator
this chamber only expansion
is constructed of material that
and compression of gas takes
readily conducts heat and has a
place.
high surface area. When hot gas
Output Shaft: It is horizontal
is transferred to the cool
and mounted several inches
cylinder, it is first driven
above the main chamber. The
through the regenerator, where a
end of shaft centered over the
portion of the heat is deposited.
main chamber has a crank and
When the cool gas is transferred
connecting rod, which drives the
back, this heat is reclaimed; thus
displacer.
the regenerator "pre heats" and

Displacer: This is the large "pre cools" the working gas,

piston in the drawing. This dramatically improving

piston is very loose in its efficiency.

cylinder, so air can move easily

between the heated and cooled STIRLING CYCLE
sections of the engine as the The key principle of
piston moves up and down. Stirling engine is that a fixed
Power piston: This is the amount of gas is sealed inside
smaller piston at the top of the the engine. The Stirling cycle
engine. It is a tightly sealed involves a series of
piston that moves up as the gas events that change
inside the engine expands. the pressure of gas
inside the engine, causing it to
work.
Stirling engine uses two
cylinders, one cylinder is heated
by an external heat source and
Contraction: Now the
the other is cooled by an
majority of the expanded gas
external cooling source. A
has been shifted to the cool
linkage that determines how
cylinder. It cools and contracts,
they will move in relation one
drawing both pistons outward.
another connects the gas
chambers of the two cylinders to
each other mechanically.

Expansion: At this point,

most of the gas in the system
has just been driven into the hot
cylinder. The gas heats and
expands driving both pistons
inward.

Transfer: At this point, the gas

has expanded. Most of the gas
(about 2/3rds) is still located in
Transfer: The now contracted
the hot cylinder. Flywheel
gas is still located in the cool
momentum carries the
cylinder. Flywheel momentum
crankshaft the next 90 degrees,
transferring the bulk of the gas
to the cool cylinder.
carries the crank another 90 power produced in the
degrees, transferring the gas to part one, lowering the
back to the hot cylinder to pressure during this stage
complete the cycle. of the cycle thus
effectively increasing the
The Stirling engine only makes power power output of the
during the first part of the cycle.
engine. One way to
There are two main ways to increase
decrease the pressure is to
the power output of a Stirling cycle.
cool the gas to a lower
 Increase power output
temperature.
in stage one: In part one
ADVANTAGES
of the cycle; the pressure
of heated gas pushing  There is no exhaust of

against the piston gases as in case of normal

performs work. piston engines.

Increasing the pressure  These engines are quieter

during this part of the in operation.

cycle will increase the  Gas inside the engine

power output of the never leaves the engine.

engine .one way of  The external heat source

increasing the pressure is could be anything-even

by increasing the heat from our hand.

temperature of the gas.  No combustion takes

place inside cylinder of
 Decrease power usage
engine. Hence there is no
in stage three: In parts
explosion.
three of the cycle; the
piston performs work on
RECENT
the gas, using some of the
APPLICATIONS
Stirling Thermal Motor
This motor uses heater tubes,
combustor, and
piston, to
convert thermal
energy into
mechanical
work.

Four-Piston Wobble-Yoke
Machine
This machine uses four pistons
and wobbles yoke drive. This
machine is especially used
where high power generation is
required.
Four Cylinders Free-
Piston Alpha
Engine :
The four cylinders are
physically arranged with
a 90-degree phase
difference with each
piston connected to a SUMMARY
gas compressor. The gas
compressors are then
used to drive a gas The Stirling engine, types,
turbine expander .The
main advantage of this parts; working cycle,
system is the promise of
a high specific power advantages along with recent
and most important,
high reliability and life applications has been
resulting from the
absence of heavily empounded in this paper.
loaded moving parts.
The Stirling engine is the
engine, which uses the gas
sealed inside the cylinder. The
expansion and contraction of the
gas, using heat from external
source, creates the useful work.
This engine can work on any
type of fuel whether it is
conventional or non-
conventional fuel. And the basic
advantage of this engine is that
the amount of gas inside the
chamber remains fixed that is
there is no exhaust and hence
REFERENCES
this engine is pollution less.
1. Heywood, John B. “Internal
Due to this pollution free
Combustion Engine Fundamentals”
and use of any type of fuel
characteristics the Stirling McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1988.

engine has greater potential over 2. Drallmeier, Jim PhD. “Class Notes

any other type of engine from ME 333, Internal Combustion

existing today. Hence this Engines” 2003.
engine is highly preferred in
automobile sector finding its
application in submarines to
hybrid cars. Due to the above
specified advantages the striling
engine is giving a cutting edge
to all other engine existing
today and is viewed as an
answer to the existing energy
crisis.