EE2092: Laboratory Practice.

Laboratory Experiment: 05

Transmission Line 1
Laboratory Exercise

Name: R.A.T.J.K.Rupasinghe

Index No: 090443p

Field: EE

Group: G12

Date: 06/10/2010

Instructed By: Ms H.R.D.S.Ranasinghe.

Theory
Is Ir

Vs Vr

Vs = VrCosh(γL) + IrZ0Sinh(γL) = AVr + BIr

Is = IrCosh(γL) + VrZ0Sinh(γL) = CVr + DIr
In matrix form

Vs A B Vr

Is C D Ir

For passive Circuits AD-BC = 1

For symmetrical circuits A=D

A, B, C and D are complex quantities.

r + jwl
Characteristic Impedance Z0 =
√ g+ jwc

Propagation constant γ = √ (r + jwl)(g + jwc )

Where r = Resistance/unit length l = Inductance/unit length

c = Capacitance/unit length g = Conductance/unit length

The complex Impedances Zoc & Zsc may be determined from the open circuit & short
circuits tests.

Zoc = A/C Zsc = B/A

So that
1 /2
Z oc
A=D= [ Z oc−Z sc ]
B = A Zsc
C = A/ Zoc
Data
Three phase 50Hz, 25km long Transmission line with

r 0.3 Ω/km
l 2.0 mH/km
c 0.256 µF/km
g 0.0

The line is supply a load of 50MW at unity power factor.

The line voltage is 132kV.

Scale factors
Voltage 1000 : 1
Current 200 : 1
Resistance 5:1
Inductance 5:1
Capacitance 1:5

Observations we obtained from the open circuit & short circuits tests as follows.
Calculations

r = 0.3 Ω/km

l = 2 mH/km

c = 0.256 µF/km

 = 2f = 2*50 = 100

γ = √ (r + jwl )(g + jwc )

= √ (0.3+ j 100. 2∗10−3)(0+ j 100 .0.256∗10−6)

= √ −5.053 ×10−5 + j2.413 ×10−5

= √ 5.6 ×10−5 154.48 ° = 7.48×10−3 ∠ 77.24°

r + jwl
Z0 =
√ g+ jwc

0.3+ j 100 .2∗10−3

=
√ 0+ j 100.0 .256∗10−6

=93 . 04 ∠−12. 76

(a) Theoretical values for A,B,C,D

 Vs = VrCosh (γL) + IrZ0Sinh (γL) = AVr + BIr
Is = IrCosh (γL) + VrZ0Sinh (γL) = CVr + DIr

2
e γl + e−γl (γl)
Cosh(γL ¿= ≈ 1+
2 2
3
e γl −e−γl (γl)
Sinh(γL ¿= ≈ γl+
2 3!

A = Cosh (γL) =0.984 ∠0.44

B = Z0Sinh (γL) = 17.31 ∠64.62 Ω

C = Cosh (γL) = 1.99*10-3 ∠ 90.14 S

D = Z0Sinh (γL) = A = 0.984∠0.44

(b) Practical values for A,B,C,D

Short Circuit Test

W = Isc Vsc Cos (Φ)

4 = 1.1*5.3 Cos (Φ)
Cos (Φ) = 0.686
Φ = 46.69

Zsc = Vsc / Isc ∠ 46.69

= 5.3/ 1.1 <46.69 = 4.82 ∠ 46.69 Ω

Open Circuit Test
2
Z ¿ ( 1 ) +R2
√ C

= ( (12x103)2+ (1/(100x4 x 10-6)2)0.5 = 12.03 k

R
W= ×V oc I oc cos ¿
Z

2× 12.03× 103
cos ¿ = = 0.056
12×10 3 × 76.3× o .47

(oc-)=86.80

0
Zoc= (76.3V/0.47 A) ∠86 .8
0
= 162.34 ∠86.8

1 /2
Z oc
A=D= [ Z oc−Z sc ]
162.34
=
√ 162.34−¿
¿ = 1.0114 ∠ -0.570

B = AZsc = 1.0114 ∠ -0.570 x 4.82 ∠ 46.68 = 4.87 ∠ 46.11 Ω

0
C = A/Zoc = 1.0114 ∠ -0.570 / 162.34 ∠86 .8 = 6.23 x10-3 ∠ -87.37 S
 Theoretical Values Practical Values
A
B
C
D

Discussion
(a)

 Errors of measuring instruments. (i.e. internal resistance of ammeters and finite resistance
of voltmeters)
 Human errors and reading errors.
 Resistance of connecting wires.
 Affect of the heat may change the accurate of readings.
 Given values may not agree with those values of our apparatus.
 Per unit values that we calculated were not constant throughout the line.

(b)

Voltage regulation is the ratio between difference of the supply end voltage and receiving
end voltage to receiving end voltage.

Vs−Vr
Voltage regulation = ∗100 %
Vr

 If there is good voltage regulation all equipments within a particular customer premises
get a good quality supply.
 Voltage regulation is important for to get some knowledge about the transmission system
to provide constant voltage over a different load conditions.