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EMC2 2006 Lecture #6 Engine Sensors

Engineers (and Drivers) Wanted

Automotive Sensors and Electronics

Steve Reynolds

Automotive
As presented for the Formula SAE Team
Computer
Problems
E=MC2 2006 – May 8 to 12 and May 15 to 29

How many microcontrollers


in a 2005 midsize car ?

Formula SAE and the


TEC Engine Computer

Our 4-Stroke Cycle


Spark Exhaust
(Burnt fuel,
Controlled by TEC unburned fuel,
Fuel excess air)
Air
Controlled by you
(the ‘gas’ pedal) Electricity

Ignition Timing
Done by TEC

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EMC2 2006 Lecture #6 Engine Sensors

Making it go…
Overall ‘Block Diagram’ 1) intake pressure
2) intake temperature
3) throttle position

INPUT 4) coolant temperature


CONTROLLER ACTUATOR PROCESS Car
Gas-pedal position 5) exhaust oxygen
sets desired TEC3 Engine Car & speed
speed/acceleration Engine 6) crank position
Computer Drive-train
(Driver Input)
7) gear position
8) oil temperature
SENSOR 9)oil pressure
Open Loop Driver’s
‘Seat of Pants’
feeling Formula SAE
and the sensors
• A closed-loop system for car speed would be a cruise control

Intake Manifold
Air Pressure Sensor
Crank Position Indicator

Pressure tap

Fuel & Ignition Control Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor


Block Diagram – Open Loop

INPUT
CONTROLLER ACTUATOR PROCESS Engine
•Crank Position TEC3 Engine •Fuel Injector Internal RPM
Sensor
Computer •Spark Combustion
•MAP Sensor

Engine RPM & Intake Manifold Pressure

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EMC2 2006 Lecture #6 Engine Sensors

Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor Fuel & Ignition Control


Block Diagram – Closed Loop

Electrochemical cell that


produces a voltage based
INPUT
on the differing oxygen CONTROLLER ACTUATOR PROCESS Engine
content in the exhaust and •Crank Position RPM
TEC3 Engine •Fuel Injector Internal
the outside air Sensor
Computer •Ignition (Spark) Combustion
•MAP Sensor
For a ‘stoichiometric
mixture’ (Lambda = 1,
14.7:1 air to fuel ratio) all
SENSOR
the oxygen in the reaction
between air and fuel Oxygen
should be consumed Sensor

Throttle Position Sensor Manifold & Coolant Temperature Sensors

Rotary Potentiometer

Air into Engine


Coolant sensor
Intake Manifold Air Temperature Sensor

Fuel & Ignition Control Gear Sensor


Block Diagram – Closed Loop
INPUT
• Crank Position
Sensor
• MAP Sensor CONTROLLER ACTUATOR PROCESS Engine
• Throttle 3
TEC3 Engine •Fuel Injector Internal RPM
Sensor
• Coolant Temp. Computer •Ignition (Spark) Combustion 2
Sensor Ball makes contact
• Intake Air
with this surface
Temp. Sensor
when in 1st gear
SENSOR

Oxygen
Sensor

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EMC2 2006 Lecture #6 Engine Sensors

Temp
Sensors TEC3

CPS Gear
Sensor Sensor

2003 Wiring Diagram

References & Acknowledgements


• TEC3 User Manual, Electromotive Inc.
• Engine Animation, http://www.keveney.com/otto.html
• Car Engine, www.howstuffworks.com
• Engine Basics,
http://homepage.mac.com/dgiessel/engine/basics.html
• Otto Cycle,
http://library.thinkquest.org/C006011/english/sites/ottomo
tor.php3?v=2

• The Formula SAE team

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