WRITING THE PERFECT PAPER IS A LOT LIKE A MILITARY OPERATION.

IT TAKES DISCIPLINE,
FORESIGHT, RESEARCH, STRATEGY, AND, IF DONE RIGHT, ENDS IN TOTAL VICTORY.
-RYAN HOLIDAY

We start this by knowing the definition and uses of robots. A robot is a programmable,

multifunctional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools or specialized devices

through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. (Craig, 2005)

Robots are no longer science fiction creatures; they can be found in many places. They have

different forms—from industrial to humanoid— performing autonomous or preprogrammed tasks,

such as radioactive waste clean-up, surgical procedures, and automobile production. A machine

capable of carrying out complex series of actions automatically, especially one programmable by

a computer. Waste segregation is one of the major problems in country. We generate wastes of

different kinds: plastics, paper, food wastes, yard wastes, hazardous electronic and chemical

wastes like paints and used batteries. Segregation of such wastes means separating them according

to kind: for the purpose of handling, processing and disposal in a proper way. Waste comes in

main categories of Domestic and Industrial. Waste to be treated has to separated or segregated so

that in can be treated in each its unique method to render it harmless and bio-degradable thereby

controlling the pollution to soil, water and air.

We always say that it’s easy but we always fail on doing it. Some people are concern in

our environment but many are not. Bad waste management can result to pollution which can cause

respiratory problems and other adverse health effects as contaminants are absorbed from the lungs

into other parts of the body. It can also result to soil contamination. Soil contamination are

hazardous chemicals that get into the soil (contaminants) can harm plants when they take up the

contamination through their roots. If humans eat plants and animals that have been in contact with
such polluted soils, there can be negative impact on their health. By using the self-waste segregator

arm, this study aims to help manage waste properly and to prevent health related diseases which

are caused by consuming infected plants or animals.

Waste is perceived to be a problem for many reasons, but the three reasons most often cited are

that: waste disposal can harm the environment and human health; space for landfills is claimed to

be becoming scarce; and waste is the end product of a life cycle process that can have upstream

environmental and resource depletion implications. Nowadays, environmental issues are

highlighted more than ever in our society and it is becoming a general perception, that we cannot

continue to produce the same amount of waste as before. Hence, efficiency regarding both waste

generation and management is highly encouraged.

(Modak's, 2014) The percentage of waste segregation in Asian cities is rather low. It hovers

between 30% and 60%. Segregation at source is however much higher in Japan, EU and Northern

America, where it ranges between 60% and 90%. According to some research reports, every year,

62 million tons of waste is generating out of which only 28% of waste is recycled and 72% is left

on the roads and the landfill areas for several years, which is fraught with hazardous consequences.

Presently, most of the developing countries are facing almost similar situation. Therefore,

segregating various kinds of wastes from the households, efficient waste collection systems, proper

disposal, and sustainable recovery are very much needed processes in modern-day world.
 Waste management can be done poorly, in a way that harms the environment, or it can be

taken care of in a manner that makes the Earth cleaner and healthier. When your waste removal

company uses eco-friendly waste disposal services, you're doing our beautiful planet a big favor.

When done properly, waste management and recycling can eliminate waste and minimize the

intensity of greenhouse gases. The planet benefits from less methane and carbon monoxide in the

air. In addition, it reduces air, water and land pollution, limits the need for new natural resources,

such as timber, petroleum, fibers and other materials.

This study is limited on the Efficiency of Self Waste Segregator Arm. It aims to help

segregate waste properly and to help prevent major pollutions and phenomenon like soil erosion,

La Niña, El Niño and eutrophication. This study was conducted at at Tabuk City National High

School (at random time).

Let’s start our study by knowing the definition of waste. Wastes are natural part of the life

cycle. Waste occurs when any organism returns substances to the environment. Living things take

in raw materials and excrete wastes that are recycled by other living organisms. However, humans

produce an additional flow of material residues that would overload the capacity of natural recy-

cling processes, so these wastes must be managed in order to reduce their effect on our aesthetics,

health, or the environment. Solid and fluid, hazardous and non-toxic wastes are generated in our

households, offices, schools, hospitals, and industries. No society is immune from day-to-day

issues associated with waste disposal. How waste is handled often depends on its source and

characteristics, as well as any local, state, and federal regulations that govern its management.

Practices generally differ for residences and industries, in urban and rural areas, and for developed
and developing countries. We all know that waste segregation is one of our problem specially in

our country so we come up to this project that will help us reduce improper waste segregation.

Most places you go to will have some form of waste segregation. Your office may have a bin for

paper and cardboard, the gym has a mixed recyclables bin, even your house should have some

form of waste segregation as all local councils do curbside collection. But how important is it to

put the right waste in the right bins? This blog will discuss why you should pay attention to waste

segregation. The first reason is it is legally required. Under the Waste Regulations 2011, you must

segregate paper, cardboard, plastic, metal and glass at source unless it is technically or

economically unfeasible. Under the same regulations, you should implement the waste hierarchy;

reduce, reuse, recycle, other recovery and disposal. By law, you should implement this hierarchy

and segregation helps with recycling in particular. Waste segregation is included in law because it

is much easier to recycle. Effective segregation of wastes means that less waste goes to landfill

which makes it cheaper and better for people and the environment. It is also important to segregate

for public health. In particular, hazardous wastes can cause long term health problems, so it is

very important that they are disposed of correctly and safely and not mixed in with the normal

waste coming out of your home or office. You have a legal obligation to correctly describe waste

as it leaves your site using the correct waste transfer documentation. For a reminder on waste

transfer documentation, see our previous blogs on water transfer notes and hazardous waste

consignment notes These are legal documents that must be completed correctly. If you describe a

bin of your waste as ‘paper and cardboard’ and someone has half filled it with plastic, you are

incorrectly describing your waste. If this happens, you could face a fine, your waste contractor

could refuse the waste or you could be charged more for them to deal with it. Segregated waste is

also often cheaper to dispose of because it does not require as much manual or mechanical sorting
as mixed waste. For example, here at EMS we segregate our paper and cardboard into a separate

skip to our other, general waste. When it comes to collection and disposal, the paper and cardboard

is nearly £3 cheaper than our general waste bin. Over time that can add up and, if you have more

diverse waste streams, you can see further cost savings. For some waste streams, you may even

be able to sell it off and create a revenue stream. There are a number of important reasons that we

encourage waste segregation; legal obligations, cost savings and protection of human health and

the environment. As a business, you should make it as easy as possible for your staff to correctly

segregate their waste. This can include labelling, making sure you have enough accessible bins

and making it clear why segregation is so important. So next time you’re presented with a choice

to put your plastic bottle in a general waste bin or a plastic bin, reach over to the plastic one and

pop it in there. We must manage it properly because improper waste disposal has great bad effect

to us. Recent studies conducted reveal that out of the millions of tons of waste generated

throughout the United States annually a large percentage is improperly disposed. Unfortunately,

this practice has been identified as one of the main causes of pollution and is becoming a growing

concern for both government and environmentalist as it poses serious threats to health and the

environment. So to manage these authorities have implemented strict waste management

regulations and heavy penalties to violators in order to enforce and promote safe waste disposal

practices throughout the country. Soil, water and air pollution can all be a result of improper waste

disposal and occurs when either of them becomes contaminated with hazardous materials. Not

only does this contribute to the creation of a greenhouse gas effects but also causes significant

harm to marine and wildlife. Apart from this improper waste disposal can also have adverse health

effects on humans as over the years it has been responsible for causing several diseases and in

some cases even death. For instance when water is contaminated with foreign substances, like
harmful pathogens, toxic chemicals or medical waste its chemical composition changes making it

harmful to use. Diseases like Cholera, Dysentery and leptospirosis are known to be spread through

contaminated water and can cause serious health epidemics in a population. Another example of

the dangerous effects of improper waste disposal is soil contamination which occurs when

hazardous chemicals come into contact with the soil. These chemicals are absorbed by plants

which are later utilized by other organisms including humans which as a result can cause disease

or even death. Improper waste disposal can also interfere with the food supply as plant growth is

impaired reducing the amount of food produced. Help to curb improper waste disposal with the

amount of waste generated annually steadily increasing it is becoming more and more challenging

for government to monitor and manage waste disposal throughout the country. Therefore, it is the

responsibility of citizens to not only carry out safe, eco-friendly, waste disposal practices but to

encourage others around them to do the same Energy conservation and recycling are also great

ways to eliminate improper waste disposal and keep the environment safe. So given all the negative

effects highlighted due to improper waste disposal persons should be particularly careful to

promote and exercise all the necessary practices to ensure they do the right thing and if by chance

you do find yourself with certain types of waste that can’t be discarded with your regular trash you

can contact a waste removal service to come in and remove it for you. The most important reason

for proper waste management is to protect the environment and for the health and safety of the

population. Certain types of waste can be hazardous and can pollute the environment. Bad waste

management practices can also cause land and air pollution which can result in serious medical

conditions in humans and animals. Implementing good waste management practices not only helps

to protect the environment but can be beneficial to your business. It can enhance your business’

reputation, take a busy restaurant as an example. Would you go there if it had garbage piling up,
or food scraps left lying around? Or would you support that same restaurant if it had a policy of

donating leftover food to a charity for the homeless? Energy efficiency, have you thought of how

you could use waste products as a combustion fuel for things such as cooking or heating? Cost

savings, managing the waste your business produces can result in valuable materials to reuse. This

can save you money while potentially creating new jobs and business opportunities. Resource

recovery, reducing, reusing and recycling your waste is important for the environment, and it can

also be profitable. It decreases the amount of waste for disposal, saves space in landfills, and

conserves natural resources. Legal requirements, there are important systems that determine how

to deal with various types of waste. These in turn affect groundwater and air quality. Read more

about the National Waste Policy that sets out the direction for Australia's waste management and

resource recovery. Workplace safety, storing and disposing your rubbish in the wrong place can

be harmful to employees or customers. If you work with sharp objects, dangerous fumes and

chemicals, you will need special procedures for how you dispose of them. Pollution, also

called environmental pollution, the addition of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or any form

of energy(such as heat, sound, or radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster than it can be

dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recycled, or stored in some harmless form. The major kinds of

pollution, usually classified by environment, are air pollution, water pollution, and land pollution.

Modern society is also concerned about specific types of pollutants, such as noise pollution, light

pollution, and plastic pollution. Pollution of all kinds can have negative effects on the environment

and wildlife and often impacts human health and well-being.

Air pollution is a concern which poses threat to human health and likewise greatly impacts the

ecosystem and the environment. An expert on air quality and pollution, Environment and

Management Bureau Consultant Engr. Reynaldo Tejada shares his knowledge on the impact of air
quality and pollution in human health, the ecosystem and the environment in a presentation held

here recently on air modeling in the Baguio-La Trinidad- Itogon-Sablan-Tuba-Tublay areas. Even

with the passage of the Clean Air Act which puts in place air pollution control and policy, Tejada

said there are reasons why one should be concerned in air pollution as it poses significant threat to

the human health and atmosphere. Its effect in the human body leads to various health-related

diseases such as respiratory disease, decreased lung functions, cancers, eye and throat irritation,

he adds. At high risk are children and elderly and those individuals with asthma and

cardiopulmonary diseases. As to the impact on the ecosystem and the environment, it affects

vegetation leading to reduction of agricultural yields. There is reduced production due to emission

of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur oxide (SO2), said Tejada. Both elements create acid rain

which reduces agricultural yield. Chemical pollutants such as industrial and agricultural chemicals

likewise contribute to climate change. Sources of air pollution are anthropogenic and natural

sources. Anthropogenic or man-made sources such as those which are stationary like chimneys,

mobile sources like vehicle emissions and area sources emanating from forest fires, kaingin or

burn and slash, and cigarette smoke. Examples of natural sources are those emitted by volcanoes.

Impact of air pollution is categorized into local, regional and global scale. If local, there is a need

to measure criteria of pollutant as established by the government to determine expo-sure level

every-day to a certain limit and certain pollutant within a particular timeframe, said Tejada.

Locally, particulate matters (PM) are produced from combustions of motor vehicles, furnaces,

chimneys, including construction activities. These particulates are inhaled categorized into total

suspended particulate (TSP) an example of which is the booger that accumulates in the nostrils,

PM 2.5 which are particles measuring less than 2.5 µm (micrometers) while PM 10 are particulate

matters 10 micrometers or less in diameter. These particulate matters which affect the body may
pass through the nasopharynx, tracheobronchial until the pulmonary system, depending on the type

of pollutant an individual inhales. The PM2.5, generally described as fine particles, is dangerous

which cannot be eliminated but sticks in the lungs and accumulates, said Tejada. He cited a study

comparing lungs of two persons who died in Manila and from the province. The one from Manila

has color black lungs while from the province color red which is an indication of heavy pollution

in Manila compared to the province. Tejada cited a case of a PM10 particulate if released in the

air at the height of one meter without air movement will take more than four months before it

reaches the ground. It means, without air movement, it is suspended in the air and a lot of it is

inhaled. But if there is air movement, a little of the particulates are inhaled, he explained. Another

realization he shared is that, there are more PM10 and PM2.5 inhaled indoors due to static air

movement while more TSP than PM10 or PM2.5 inhaled outdoors due to presence of air movement

which dissipates the particulates. His advice is: when purchasing or building a house, proper

ventilation should be one of the factors for consideration. Installation of exhaust fans is also one

way of depleting particulates inside homes, he added. For big industries, they are required to have

a workplace environment monitoring (WEM) to determine concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5

based on the Department of Labor and Employment standards. The regional impact otherwise

known as transboundary air pollutants are those which travel afar such as forest fires, for instance,

the one that occurred in Indonesia in 2005. The haze went as far as Malaysia, Singapore and

Thailand. The global effect of air pollution is global warming, greenhouse gases effect and ozone

depletion, he further adds.

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