About The Authors

".

Robert Manasherob in front of a "~ a Q mash 0 ; ~i 5s im Tzukduian as first sergeant

Zidon, Lebanon 1985 ­ :\fegev desert 1993

Robert Manasherob is 37 Ye ars old. m ar-i t' d ·.o: i[ -. L~c:- e-= :· :!C ~
\" " : ::-. ! z:.... ~-:.: .: i:: n born in I srael In 1S. -~
(Sabina, Inga and Martin)
.; , .: _ ~":. L. .~ -= ., ._' ::-: :,-'\ e ' '·:,· irh airp lanes and rnilit3f\' \'ehid ::- ;
He is an officer in IDF (ret).
s : --=-~: (1 ~ _ ~ ~~ -r.;': ~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~cur \'~r2S old . .

He is a modeler of armor and a ircra ft I :11 3in h I ,, [ :l e j .if.':

, :':\ t ': ;:', l::'e- IDF .: 0 .: : 0 ::d~ r- ,i ;: n al t' r in a \1-60 Tank crc' \'·

WW II German) and wa s o ne of the mo d"" " buiid er :'o r th e

\\'as rele .L<tJ I! dr. .[-.-= :cm\ "" ;j ,-:::ar2:eanr-major and ri2:ht afie:

Am10red Corp s Museum at Latrun.

,-'. arkec at (he- .-'uT:',cred Corp s \ lL: ,eum ;,j{ Latrun as an AFY s

Robert is a Ph.D. in MicrobioloQ\ a n d \lolecular Cell

m ainr&na nce ma na 2:er and 21S a modeller.

Biology. -. Learn graphic- design a t a pri vate collage.

Won several modellinQ awards in Israel and around the world .

Today work as a graphic designer in a publishing office and as

a modeller, build models for the IDF and army companie s.

Two years ago marry his beautiful wife Maya.

Text & Research - Robert Manasherob

Graphics & Illustrations - Nissim Tzukduian

First published in Israel in 2001 Acknowlegement

by SabIngaMartin Publications
P.D.Box 10261 We would like to express our gratitute to Aviv
Beer-Sheva Pichhadze for his assistance, IAI (Israeli Air
Industry) and a special thanks to our family for
Israel the great support all the way.
robertm@bgumail.bgu.ac.il

ISBN 965-90347-0-9 Photo Credit

© Copyright 2001 SabIngaMartin Publications IDF spokesman

All rights reserved. No part of this publication Gabi Bamea

(book) may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval Robert Manasherob

system or transmitted in any form or by any Nissim Tzukduian

means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying

orotherwise, without the prior written
permission of SabIngaMartin Publications .
All the material published in this book was

Printed In Bet -Aviv, Ness-Ziona, Israel Checked and approved by the IDF censor's office.

www.bet-aviv.co.il
 FOREWORD
In the 'Six Day' war (1967), the IDF landed a glorious
victory over several of its neighboring Arab States.
Arab armies learned the lesson and built a massive
anti-tank and anti-aircraft capabilities that caused big
losses to IDF in the following 'Yom Kippur' war
(1973).
For the next war the Israeli tank force was well
prepared for anti tank missiles like a Sager and RPG
by using the Blazer explosive reactive armor (ERA).
The APC force that was based on the M-l13 Zelda
was neglected from any upgrade to its defense armor.
In 1982, during the war in Lebanon, the IDF realized
that in close telTain environments the M-113 Zelda
APCs were vulnerable to infantry anti-tank weapons,
mines and road bombs.
The IDF developed the urgent need for an infantry
carrier that can be used for violence patrols and
continuous security roles on the roads of Lebanon
and urban fighting areas where mobility comes second
to survival.
Since the IDF controlled a large part of Lebanon after
the end of the war and many different militias, that
sprang up during that time, initiated guerilla warfare
against Israeli patrols in the areas controlled by Israel,
an emergency measure was taken by converting
Centurion tanks into APCs by removing their tUlTets
and building a crew compartment in the center of the
vehicle. These heavy APCs called Nagmashot
(combination between the Hebrew words for APC
and Centurion) have been designed to provide infantry
and engineering units with a higher level of combat
survivability, when operating with armored units as
well as in high-threat combat zones such as those
encountered in Southern Lebanon.
In the following years the development of the tank
based APCs in the IDF has evolved and branched out
into three main directions. The Nagmashot and
its further armored and protected derivatives and
descendents, like Nagmachon and Nakpadon, were
continually optimized as a specialized patrol and lead
convoy vehicles to defend against mines and advanced
roadside bombs that are often encountered in South
Lebanon. The "PUMA", another Centurion based
heavy armored fighting vehicle, developed specially
for the IDF armored engineers.
As an outcome of the Lebanon experieRce, the
Achzarit, heavy armored infantry carrier was developed
on the basis ofT-54/55 tank hulls and its main purpose
is to transport infantry across heavy fire zones.
This book will focus on "PUMA" and Achzarit
vehicles, whereas the second book will deal with the
"\fagmashot, Nagmachon and Nakpadon.
1
PUMA INTRODUCTION
The name "PUMA" is the Hebrew abbreviation for
engineering obstacle breaker. As an rumored engineers
vehicle, the "PUMA" can be fitted with various Israeli­
developed mine-clearing devices, such as a mine
plough and a mine roller or bulldozer blade. It can
also serve for towing special engineering equipment
trailers.
In contrast to the first Centurion APC (Nagmashot)
that was essentially a Centurion MBT that had its
turret removed and simple square armored crew
compartment constructed on it, the "PUMA" offered
a newly constructed raised superstructure compartment
and an extra applique passive armor was incorporated
to its flanks and glacis. In addition, instead of
Centurion's bogie suspension it was fitted with the
same independent suspension as the Merkava Mk 2,
which enables it to move faster over rough telTain.
The drive sprocket, idler wheels and track, however,
remained original Centurion. Also, it was powered
by the same 900 hp AVDS 1790-SA engine that is
used in the Merkava Mkl , that allows for higher
speed,mobility and power to push mine-clearing
devices.
The "PUMA" uses a passive armor modules on its
fighting compartment, rather than explosive
reactive armor add-on found in the Nagmashot. Most
of the vehicle is protected by a Chobham-style passive
armor that is also bolted to the front glacis plates, so
that they can be changed when more efficient armor
components are developed in the future.
The engine air filters and equipment sponsons on the
sides of the vehicle are protected with TOGA passive
armor that is made up of lightweight thin perforated
carbon steel. Full length side skirts protect the
"PUMA's" suspension and are divided into eight
individual plates. The front four plates are thicker and
incorporate passive armor and are hinged in pairs on
reinforced springs similar to those that are used in the
Merkava Mk 3. The next four plates are lighter, made
of steel only, and are hinged on springs similar to
those used on early Merkava Mk 2 models.
In contrast to the Achzarit, the "PUMA" lacks a rear
exit hatch and the crew needs to climb over the roof
hatches , leaving it exposed to enemy fire, but, since
it is a fighting vehicle and not a transport one, this
fact does not affect its battle performance.
The "PUMA's" armament includes four 7.62 mm FN
MAGs, of which the one situated at the front right
side of the vehicle is mounted on a Rafael Overhead
Weapon System (OWS), and a roof-mounted Soltam
60 mm mortar.
The "PUMA" is also fitted with the Israeli military
industries CL-3030 instantaneous self-screening
system for combat vehicles and uses the IS-6 systems
that are mounted on each side of the front hull and
holding six smoke grenades.

The right side of the

"PUMA."
Note the full length side
skirts, four passive armored
skirts at the APC's front
and four skirts made of
hardened steel covers the
rest of the side.
Also note the" Handasa­
Kravit" marking painted
on the last skirt.

....
A front view of two "PUMA"

APC's.

Note the original Centurion tracks.

Also note the different shape of

the ID numbers and the hebrew

letter lI! that appears only on the

"PUMA" in photograph 2 .

The steel cable made loops

that are used as stair-like
lifting suports to assist the
crew mounting the vehicle.

The right-front of the

"Puma" combat engineer
assault vehicle.
Note the Merkava Mk 2
suspension units.

The front right side of the

"Puma" engineer assault
vehicle.
Starting from the fourth
panel, the skirt armor is
much thinner and not of the
composite type.

The front left side of the

"Puma" engineer assault
vehicle.
Note that the left side is
used for carrying two
towing cables. . r~"

Full-length armor skirts

protect a large part of the
hull sides.

 ..ell
The right front side of the
"Puma" engineer assaull
vehicle.
Note the manner in which one
of the crude rubber flaps is
worn out.

~
A front view of a "Puma".
Note the Centurion tank
tracks and the front
modular armor plates.

The left rear end of the

"Puma" engineer assault
vehicle.
Note the asymmetric spacing
between the rubber-tyred
road wheels.
Also note the "Handasa­
Kravit" marking on the last
side skirt panel

l OA & lOB. The front upper and lower armor segments are
retained to the front glacis plates with washers and nuts, so they
can be replaced whem more efficient armor components are
developed in the future and if the APC is hit by enemy fire those
modular armor plates can be replaced quickly.
Also visible are three steel cable-made loops that are used as stair­
like lifting supports to assist the crew mounting the vehicle from
the front. Note the heavy circular weld details around the drilled
holes that hardened metal rings were welded in (photo lOB).
Also note the difference between the types of the ID numbers in
the APCs showed in those photos.

11. Close up of the front towing hook. Note the gaps between
the different armor plates.

12. The front idler mountings . This is the right hand unit. 13. Close up of the front right fender.
5
-:-- _:':",)L: ri .: ht side of the "PUMA"
-;:-, ~ :j:~e:- ,F 53ult "ehicle,
.
'.\- :-:-:: :i1", full display of it's weapons
::- ,,: , (Insists of a Rafael Overhead
\'\ ':::1pon System (OWS), three 7,62
:-:',m F:\ :--'L~Gs and a 60 nun mortar,

The towing cables securing device,

The front left side of the "PUMA",

Note the towing cables securing
devices that are welded to the hull's
side.
Also note the angle in which the
smoke grenades discharger is
attached to the vehicle, up and out.

__ I The towing cables chain securing

~ device. Located at the APC's rear
side.

.. = ~_ _ ~
.......
~J'~_ ~ii?:iiWth ..,l4iiii:.L
0:::
'=
~

The left rear side of the

"PUMA".
Note the empty stowa ge
basket, mine shoes and the left
side folding stair.
Note the cut-out in the last
panel and in the crude rubber
flap before it, to help the crew
climb aboard the vehicle.

21. The left hand rear drive sprocket is hardly protected by the
last skirt plate. Note the cut-out in the skirt plate and the crude 22. The rear towing cable cleat and securing chain device.
mbber flap , intended to help the crew mounting the vehicle.

23 & 24. The left and right side ends of "PUMA".

Note the difference in heights between the last skirt plate.

 • An overall left rear view of the

"PUMA".
Note the boxes that contain the
....... mine shoes and the one piece

........ rubber mudguard.

..
Note the towing cables unique

securing devices at the vehicle's

rear.

The rear lamp and it's protective

cylinder shaped house and the way
it is attached to the rear lower hull.

8
26 & 28. Close up of the spare track links and their holding
c vice. Note the absence of the vertical handle on the vehicle
x aring the ID number 759035 illustrated in photo 28.

27. Close up of the left rear side, revealing the rear taillight
and hook eye. Note the tube that runs across the back of
the panel that contains the electric wires. The taillight has
a protective cylinder around it, which is attached to the
back of the vehicle by several bolts.

29. Close up of the towing brackets and a pair of stair-like lifting

supports, made of steel cable from both sides of it.

31. The appendages attached to the lower aft hull slope, which 30. Close up of the right rear side. Note the small lamp of
:onsist of a towing bracket, stair-like lifting supports and towing the infantry communication box, which lights on when
hooks. the driver calls the infantry soldiers.
9
32 & 34. A complete rear view of the "PUMA" that gives an indication to
the disposition of the many fittings detailed in other photographs. Like on
tanks, communication box and first aid equipment box are fitted on the right
hand side of the rear hull plate. The rest of the plate is occupied by spare
track links.

33. Close up on the infantry communication box

and fIrst aid equipment box that is further divided.

35 & 38. Close up of the right rear fender and the

36 & 37. The left rear stowage box in closed and opened positions.
jelTycans holder fitted on top of it holding two ten
litter jerrycans. Note the difference in the strapping
used for tieing the jerrycans, either by hard rubbers
or fabric stripes. Also note the tool box and it's holder
in front of the jerrycans.

10

 40. Close up on the right armored exhaust outlet.

-t1A & 41B. Recently the left exhaust outlet was modified by the addition of an emissions deflecting panel that changes the direction
of the hot and dirty fumes and prevents them from reaching the mine shoes boxes.

42. Top view of the rear end, showing the jerrycans and tool box 43. Top view of the left air filter. Note the grab handle on the
holders, the armored exhaust outlet and the rear fuel filler cap. hull's side.

44. Top view of the right hand of the air filter and a cluster of
empty NBC decontamination bottles brackets. Note the
massive side wall and the lifting eye welded on it.
11
 ~
Looking at the rear part of the crew
compartment and the engine deck.
This vehicle has a simple locking
mechanism (compare to photo 56).
Note the mortar's base and heart
shaped stowage basket.

~
The top front right side showing
the two FN MAGs and their
mounts. Note the quick-release
mount for crew's personal
..... y~. weapon.

Front view of the commander's

hatch and it's periscopes. Note the
swiveling FN MAG mount at the
left (this time without it's wooden
stock) and the empty ammunition
box carrier. Also note the ivory
color antenna in the background.

12

A general view at the "PUMA"engine

deck from the left side.
Note the stowage basket located at
the engine deck's top.
Also note the FN MAG mounting
arm, the VRC receiver antenna base
and the fire extinguisher brackets.

A view from the engine deck onto the

back of the crew compartment clearly
show ing the difference in heigh t
between the two decks.
Note the empty stowage basket made
of a flat metal frame and round metal
bars.

The Rafael Overhead Weapon

System COWS) gunner's hatch.
Note the ammunition feeding
inlet port of the gun and the
antenna mounts beside the hatch .

13

 ~
A view of the crew compartment
from the engine deck with the
Rafael Overhead Weapon System
(OWS) in the front.
Two types of commander hatches
are used in the "PUMA", a flat
square shaped hatch and a dome
shaped hatch similar to the hatch
found in the Achzarit.
Each of the APCs in the photos
is equipped with a different hatch.

~
Close up on the commander's hatch
with it's five periscopes (the
middle one has the ability to rotate
360 degrees). Note the steel bars
used to protect the other four
periscopes, painted black in thi s
APC. Also note the conical rubber
hatch stopper.

14

-; _ _~" up on the double sized hatch

_ __ y' the backside gunners.
:= :he long handle across the full
. ;-";1 of the hatch, used by the crew
- -=;:. the hatch is open.
-__ ;' :.ote the locking mechanism on
- - 7 : " . of the hatch and two separate
- . ~.:~ ;: s that hold five ammunition
- ;:-s for the FN MAGs.
-:- ~ 5i1ort tubes welded between these
~'. ~·.: r e s are used as flag carriers.

Frontal close up on the locking

mechanism of the double sized crew
hatch and it's torsion opening
mechanism.

15

57. A view from the engine deck over the hull's left side. 58. A view from the engine deck over the hull's top righ:
Note the three stowage bins which their handles are side. This side has three side stowage bins as well. Note
painted in signal red. Also note the FN MAG the lifting eyes on each of the composite armor blocks.
ammunition box carrier. Also note the FN MAG cradle.

59 & 60. The transfer point between the end of the main hull's
deck and the engine deck. Note the difference in height between
the two decks. From each side of the wall there are boxes for
grenades and engineering equipment.
P2'M ­... ;x:::: -­ "" :Z:: ~ .i ,_ ;;:;:i>I1'H!IIWHi<·;e

61. The left back side FN MAG. Note the typical Israeli
ammunition box carrier. Also note the VRC receiver antenna
base.
16

:\ view from the front hull over the
hull's top right side. Note the slope of
' ;:e armor block in the front and the
:'our bolts (out of six) that are
:I) nnecting it to the main deck.
:\' ote the quick -release mount for the
:rew's personal weapon.
A view from the front hull over the hull's A close up on an empty fire extinguisher
left top side. Note the metal ID number bracket and the left side FN MAG.
welded onto the hull and the anti-skid
texture of the upper hull. Also note that
the stowage bins handles are painted red
only at the end.

The FN MAG mount.

A close up on the FN MAG's searchlight and the way it is
connected to the mounting arm.

The right rear upper hull. Note the stowage basket and the The right back side FN MAG. Note the receiver-transmiter
folding stair just above the air filter. antenna beside it.
17
.'
The front of the Rafael Overhead Weapon System COWS) in
different "PUMAs". Note the difference in the way the glass is
protected, in photo 68, by folding metal strips, in photo 69, by
hard rubber. The small annor doors are missing in all of them.

18

72,73 & 74. The rear of the Rafael

Overhead Weapon System (OWS).
Note the lifting eye welded to the
system's body and the ammunition
box carrier showed in photo 72.

75,76 & 77. The Rafael Overhead

Weapon System (OWS) without the
7.62 FN MAG showing clearly the
FN MAG mount and the manual
firing mechanism .

19

oz

~"
o

~~
<:

21

 ...
~
. ~
" -..~ ... . .
~ -~~'
..
~
.II ./,. . .. ~~~!!'!!i
. ~~

~
Close up on the covered stowage
b a sket of three different ~
"PUMA"S. ,' k....r
, -1'lIr
The covers are fastened by means ~:.. .
of straps, including a special hard .'t.
rubber ones.
Standard folded stretcher is
attached to the basket's left side.
Note the empty fire extinguisher
brackets at the center front of the
basket and the stopper device for
the gunner's hatch.
Also note the 5 kg hammer
att ached to the left side slope of
the engine deck (photo 78), the axe
is attached to the right side o f
the basket ( photo 79) and the ," .
s hovel in the front (photo 80). I----.;;;l!
Not e the em b 0 sed I D P I ate I ~~
located on the left side s lope of
theenginedeCk(Phot080) ' IL=~
Two folded camoufl a ge net s 'cJff:; :::'-., ~.
~ ~ ' ~
• ::~~ _
....-~ - • •
I
arches ~ ~-£f~4!i--,
1,.. • ..:_. _ _ . _ , .
are situated on the thre e -:-..£".¢{
that are welded to the rea r part
of the basket (see also the "PUMA"
scale drawings).
~

The fire e xtingui sher bracket.

22

-:- .1e engine deck of the

PUMA" equipped with
,h e rear hull stowage
~ asket.

The left rear side of the hull holds

1he boxes containing the mine shoes 1- - ­
that are painted in khaki or sea blue
colors. Note the left side folding stair.

23

86. The left side folding stair. Note the locking/opening
mechanism and the pedal that is used for releasing the stair
simply by steping on it.
A drawing of the folding stair locking/opening mechanism
and the way the stair is released.
24
84,85 & 87. The transition point between the crew compartment
and the engine deck viewed from the side. The sides of the APC
in this section are covered by highly hardened perforated armor
plates similar to the TOGA add-on armor on the M-l13 "Zelda"
APC. Those metal plates covers the air filters and they can be
opened by releasing the securing bolt and pulling it by it's side
handle. The plate on the APC's right side is connected with a
hinge to the crew compaltment wall. Note the two rubber disks
on the plate bottom. Also note the Merkava Mk 2 type spring
mounts used to hold the side skirt plates in this area.
89 & 90. The right folding stair from the side and top. Note
the air filter and the difference between the stair and the TOGA
plate handles (photo 90). Also note the fire extinguisher fixture
that is standard in alllDF AFV's (photo 89).
_ :at' 'it 'Ii til ___
-:. ; 3.94 & 95.The front lights of the "PUMA". Electric supply is routed from inside the vehicle to the lights via protected
_.-: _~ng across the glacis. Note how the lights are protected from the descending crew's feet by a simple but effective guard box.
~ ~ note the electric horn mounted bes ide the left headlight (photo 93).

~6 & 97. The front side skirt plates are mounted on a leaf spring suspension in a similar way to those in the Merkava Mk 2B .

o
98. The left half view of the massive crew compartme nt
"tructure side wall. Note the armor pattern with the numerous 99. The right side end of the "PUMA". Note the fire extinguisher
: lde nted circles on it and the hook s for the towing cables. pull handle to activated it from outside the vehicle, in case of
PUMA" has provision for two cables to be carried both faliure of the automatic system activated by I.R/U.V and smoke
of them along the left hull's side. The tow cables eyes are hooked detectors.
:md secured with locking chains.
25
 100, 101 & 102. The upper left front armor of the "PUMA" : .
composed of several differnt shaped armor blocks. A sing f::
built-in stowage bin located at the top front of the hull . NO:f
the washers and nuts that are used to retain the annor glac '
plate segment. Note the difference in the shape of lifting eye L ­
the armor glacis between photos 100 and 1Ol.

103. The upper light front side of the "PUMA" . Note the mann~
in which the driver hatch is surounded by blocks of armor plate,

104. A close up on the right armor block that is used as a bil >'O
for the left head light.

105 & 106. The driver's hatch from the top and from the right side. Note the conical rubber hatch stoppers, the mechanism ::.._
locks the hatch in its open position and the opposite mechanism that secures it in closed position. Also note the dri \" t ~
three periscopes.
26
 lr
"

109 & 110. A view from the inner side of the left hand IS-6
smoke discharger. Note the bolts that holds the discahrger.

111. A view from outside of the left IS-6 smoke discharger. Note
(he "Shimshonit" dust cover made of reinforced tarpaulin and 112. Top view of the right IS-6 smoke discharger and the manner

is opened by a zipper. Also note the plate that is used as a base it is secured, with a locking chain.

~or the bracket.

113. A view from outside of the right IS-6 smoke discharger.

:"ote the securing chain that embraces the two pins 114. A view from the inner side of the right IS-6 smoke discharger.

;Hotruding from the discharger, thereby securing it. Note that it is attached via a lower bracket.

27
 ~
A view of the front crew deck
revealing the Rafael Overhead
Weapon System and a 60 mm
mortar in "standing" position.
Note the mortar's locking
device in front of the mortar.

The Soltam 60 mm mortar and

it's locking mechanism .

A close up on the Soltam 60 mm

mortar.
Note the mortar's base and
securi ng device. Also note the
s teel bars that protects the
p e ri s cope s , i n this APC they
are pa inted in red color.
28

 A "Puma" gunner mans the "Rafael" station. An "Handasa Kravit" soldier poses for the camera
while loading ammo for a drill.

Stopping and Evaluating. "Handasa Kravit" sol'

29

 A "PUMA" of the first "Handasa Kravit" battalion third company third platoon.

A "PUMA" of the second "Handasa Kravit" battalion third company first platoon, carrying
the inscription "ESHED" (cascade).

A "PUMA" of the first "Handasa Kravit"battaJiori third company first platoon.

A "PUMA" of the second "Handasa Kravit" battalion third company third platoon.

30

 The Achzarit of the "Golani" thu·d company third platoon commander.

An Achzarit of the "Golani" reconnaissance platoon.

The Achzarit of the "Golani" first company third platoon second in command.

An Achzarit of the "Tzanhanim" first platoon company unknown.

31

•
A n infantry soldier praying outside an
"Achzarit" somewhere in the"Negev "
desert.

~
An "Achzarit" "stamping" the desert
during a "Golani" drill in the Dead Sea
area.

Infantry soldiers assaulting an

. Ilenemy-post" after safetly arriving to
the target by an IlAchzarit".
 "MAGOV" MINE CLEARING SYSTEM

(FOR CENTURION TANK & CENTURION BASED APC'S)

The "Magov" mine clearing systen1 with the

"Nochri" system are the main mine clearing
systems of the IDF.
The "Magov" which is a plough system is
designed to clear mines in the tank tracks width.
There are three different versions of the "Magov"
for use with the IDF's three main battle tanks:
Merkava tanks, Patton based tanks (the Magach
family) and the Centurion tanks and Centirion
based APC's. ·
The three versions are actualy the same system
with minor modifications like the number of
teeth and the mounting plates.

33
The skid and the way it is attached to the main arm

~~ 3

)/5

1
2
The plough and the way it is attached to the main arm
34

 "Handasa Kravit" soldiers at rest

after a drill.

A "PUMA" heading to base.

~~~~.~ Note the adaptor which is used
with the dozer blade and other
clearing systems.

"PUMA" hiding in some

bushes during manoeuvring
in the Galil area.
Thanks to a very low profile
the "PUMA" can easily hide
among small and low
bushes.

35

A "PUMA" comander
Q"uides the driver to the
parking area in a field
base.

....

An "Handasa Kravit"
soldier dances on a
"PUMA".
Note the dozer blade
system in raised position.

A "PUMA" driver
getti ng off the APC.
Note the adaptor plate
used with mine clearing
systems.

36

· Handasa Kravit" soldiers preparing a field base after using a D-9 tractor to straighten the
area.

"HandasaKravit" soldiers resting on a "PUMA" after

finishing the straightening job. Note the D-9 tractor on
the left side and the "PUMA" digital type company
markings.

A "PUMA" crossing a river during "water cross" drill.

37

.-\ "PUMA" crew.

l\ ote that all are wearing a
protection vest and the
"jantex" type helmet, that is
the standard APC and Tank
crew helmet since the
late 1980's.

A "PUMA" crew man smiles

for the camera.

Note the "mushroom" hat

which is a standard "work"

hat in the IDF.

A "PUMA" commander
making a radio check with
his crew.
Note that when the
commander's seat is in raised
position, 2/3 of his boby is
above the APC's upper deck.

38

 ACHZARIT INTRODUCTION

-he need for a new APC arose during the war in Lebanon, when
A special compact power puck integrates major

many soldiers were hurt while traveling in a M-l13 type APC,

components used in Tiran 5 tank and MI09 self

\\'hich sheltered them from light weapons fire only.

propelled gun that consists of transversely mounted

.-\5 a lesson from the war, the military ordered the development
650 hp diesel GM 8V-7TTA that is connected to an

of a shielded APC, with closed blinds fighting capabilities, that

Allison XTG-411-1 hydrokinetic au toma tic

h' ould enable the transport of ten fully geared

transmission. Thus it was possible to make a passage

soldiers.
along the right side of the hull and install a clamshell

door at the rear, that allows the soldiers to dismount

The Achzarit (Cruel) was built as an emergency project, and as

safely. To improved the acceleration and power-to­

such, several known compromises were made during its

weight ratio, the Achzarit was recently installed

development. As a platform for the Achzarit, the hulls of the

witn an upgrade version of the power puck that

Russian T-54 / 55 and Tiran 5 (the Israeli upgrade version of the

generates 850 hp.

1-54/55) tanks was chosen, due to the abundance of these hulls

Achzarit is equipped with a standard Israeli fire

in the IOF's inventory. The transformation of the tank into an

detection and extinguishing systems. The individual

.-\PC was carried out by the removal of the turret and the
NBC system also serves as a ventilation system,

construction of a new and advanced fighting compartment by

with a joint tube but separate electronic systems.

raising the hull to provide additional space for the crew.

The soldiers can plug their masks into this system

The Tiran's automotive and suspension systems were deemed

a t a time of need. The masks can also be

inappropriate for the IDF's purposes (i.e. the APC's construction),

disconnected from the APC and be carried for use

and as such, they were replaced . New torsion bars that allow a
outside the APC.

greater wheel travel and a Merkava tank type hydraulic bump

Mounted on either side of the Achzarit's front hull

is a pod of electrically operated Israeli military

stops in first and last wheels were fitted, retaining only the
industries CL-3030 instantaneous self-screening

road wheels, drive sprocket and idler of the T-54/ 55. This upgrade
system for combat vehicles which uses the IS-6

enabled the Achzarit tank like mobility and ability to cross rough
system and holds six smoke grenades. The Achzarit

:errain at high speed.

is also capable to lay a smoke screen by injecting

The Achzarit's shields were developed by the Deputy Defence

diesel fuel into its exhaust outlet.

\1inister, the General Israel Tal, the "Father" of the Merkava MBT.
The soldiers reception of the Achzarit was

The result was an APC with tank-like shielding and

exceptional. Rather than running over hills by foot,

:nanoeuvrability, and increased fire power. The chassis has been

ten soldires now have a vehicle in which they are

stripped down and completely rebuilt with layers of passive

protected. In addition, since it equipped with a

armor (Merkava style) around all the hull. In addition a side

clamshell rear door, they not need to jump from

skirts with passive armor were added along the sides of the
the top of the vehicle, leaving them exposed to

':ehicle but, in contrast to the "PUMA", they protect only the hull
enemy fire.

In contrast to "PUMA", a name made up of initials,

m d not the suspension. The rear sides are protected in addition

the name of Achzarit was obtained from IDF's

:\-ith TOGA armor that is made up of lightweight thin carbon

arsenal of names for projects and operations and

3teel sheets with small holes and the space between them and
the cruel name was taken and crueny attached to

:he hull is used as a stowage bins. Hence, it has a tank-like

the innocent APC.

::> rotection and on the front line, the Achzarit can withstand a
The Achzarit is currently in use in a growing

:.\-ide array of threats along side the most advance tanks.

numbers with infantry battalions.

_-\s a result of the additional armorin& the Achzarit became heavy

~·: h en compared to the M-l13 and to the original T­

]4 / 55 hull.

.-\.!lother advantage of the Achzarit over the M-l13 is its ability

:0 engage in combat while its blinds are shut. An advanced Rafael

.)verhead Weapon System (OWS) that is used with 7.62 mm FN
" LA.G with head-out or closed hatch capability ensures the safety
o ~ the commander and front gunner and enhance weapon
accuracy (by X8 magnification site). It can be fed from a standard
~50 round external magazine or internal one. The original plans,
".\-ruch also included OWS on both sides of the vehicle, were not
-.:arried out due to various difficulties. Instead, two 7.62mm swing
"rm mounted FN MAGs were positioned in the rear troop
compartment bear positions. An additional FN MAG was added
:: the front of the commander's hatch. During a charge, the APC's An Achzarit during a drill in the "GaliI" area.
..:ommander must consider the reduction of fire power and the
l.'1sertion of the gunners into the vehicle. The Achzarit is also
-= {uipped with a 60 mm mortar, and have a full night fighting
.:apabilities. Maintaining constant security role is not included
:":1 the purposes for which the Achzarit was developed - the safe
. ansportation of soldiers to their destination during combat.
-::-he Achzarit needs to be treated as a tank before, after and during
m operation. It has a high level of manoeuvrabilty and able to
~ ru ise safely under fire areas alongside tanks and reach its
estination with no casualties.
-:-he Achzarit can also be incorporated as a vehicle that rises to
. firing position as a provider of gun cover to the combat forces
:nat are behind it, or as a fire base to a 60 mm mortar. It can be
·.!sed as a safe evacuation vehicle of woundeds or as a vehicle. An Achzarit "waiting" for the infantry soldiers to
-:n ake a room for a passageway at the rear of the vehicle. come back from an assault exercise.
39
 ~

The front right side of the

Achzarit prototype at the
IDF Armored Corps
Museum at Latrun.
Note the basic structure
of the hull without any
add-on armor.

~
A comparison between the
front left side of Achzarit
prototype and a combat
serial vehicle, clearly
demonstrate the
differences between them.
Note the difference in the
slopes between the upper
hull sides and the front of
the combat serial vehicle.
The smoke grenades
discharger is integrated in
the front structure of the
prototype.

40

-• .- ~ a r view of Achzarit
- - :o type from the left and
- :.- : sides.
- :c the large grille used as
- t ~.ir cooling ou tlet of the
:-- i: ne compartment.
-. . , note the infantry phone
- ~\ at open position.

T he engine deck of the

.-\chzarit prototype exhibits
[he main difference between
:he prototype and the serial
\ ehicle.
In all serial vehicles the hull
I and engine compartment) is ~
~aised to prov ide additional
space for the crew, while in
the Achzarit prototype the
engine compartment is still
in it's original level.
:---Iote the arrangment of the
grilles of the air cooling
o utlet of the engine
compartment.
Also note the stowage basket
that is different both in shape
and location from the basket
u sed for the serial vehicles.

41

 ....

The front side of the Achzarit.

Note the canvas painted black and
carrying the tactical marking.
Also note the different fixtures that
are used to secure the towing cable.

The securing fixture used for

the towing cable head.
Located at the hull ' s sides
just before the begining of the
TOGA armor section.

The fixture used for securing the

main length of the towing cable.
Located on the hull's sides in the
center and in the front before the
smoke grenade discharger.

...
The right rear side of the Achzarit is
protected by TOGA armor too. Note
that the plates are organized vertically
and can be open to the sides, thereby
allowing the use of space between
them and the hull for storaging the
folding stretcher, first aid equippment
box, etc. Note the various slopes on
this part of the hull.

The towing cables front securing

devices.

Located at the hull's front slope.

42

 The left rear side of the Achzarit

clearly illustrates the manner in
in which the TOGA armor plates are
arranged in this part of the APC.
Note the bolts, hinges and handles
on the TOGA armor painted signal
red, which are part of a mechanism
that allows the opening of some
of these plates.
Also note that one of the wheels on
this APC is the "spiders web" type.

The rear side of a different Achzarit

shows that the handles and bolts are
missing (their empty location holes
clearly seen) on the TOGA armor
replacing them is a piece of metal
that is connecting two of the plates
thereby preventing the pos sibility
that they will be open.

The left rear side towing hook.

Th e bottom rear of the Achzarit. Note the towing bracket and hooks painted in
, ignal red. Note the ID number that is welded onto the towing bracket base.
_ Iso note the hinges and the cable that are used for holding the lower part of the
'Iamshell door. ~

43

154, 155, 156 & 157. The Rafael Overhead Weapon System
(OWS) from all angles. Note the ammunition feeding belt in
photo 155.
The Achzarit usually can·y one Rafael OWS system but, it is
capable of carrying three systems, to be added is case of great
danger operations to prevent the crew to fire from out side the
vehicle.

IT sY'

®,
.
. Gi>

.. ~
r

_~ .I

~'Q.'

-.-
__:

c­

. .., ..

The 7.62 mm FN MAG mounting arm and the

way the different parts are connected and
attached to the vehicle.
158 & 159. The left and right sides FN MAGs. The typical
Israeli ammunition box canier is clearly visible in photo
158.

44

160. The rear left side of the Achzarit. Note the fabric made stowage basket attached
1 the main stowage basket.
162 & 163. The Achzarit rear end shows the infantry
phone box, the taillight, the electeic hom and the
crew compartment fire extinguisher operation box.
Note the extinguisher's pull handle painted red .
All those fitting s are mounted on a plate that is
attached to the APe by several bolts.

161. A close up on the the Achzarit, in closed position. Note that

.'.1 the right side the mudguard is made of only two pieces of hard rubber, in contrast
:0 the left side where there are three.

~. e lifting and lowering mechanism as

The upper part of the clamshell door from A close up on the steel cable that
~ el l
as the locking mechanism for the
the interior. Note the several fabric made opens and closes the lower part of
. ,w:er part of the rear acces s door are grab handles along the door's ceilling . the rear access door.
•_:ated at the left side passage's panel.
45
167 & 168. A complete rear view of the
Achzarit that gives an indication to the
disposition of the many fittings detailed in
other photographs.
Note the slope of the rear hull and the space
between the TOGA armor and the hull.

The rear clamshell door upper part

opening mechanism.

169. The hydraulically operated clamshell

door, located at the vehicle's rear right side.
The lower part folds down to form a ramp
while the upper part opens upwards.
Note the several grab handles used to assist
the crew in mounting the vehicle from the
rear.

170. The passage along the right side hull

that allows the soldiers to dismount safely
via a clamshell door at the rear.

J6

 - 1. The Achzarit stowage basket is located at the back end and is made
- -'·'·0 different baskets: (1) a metal one, that is connected to the APC
-_ _olts, and (2) a fabric one, that is suspended on the metal basket by
--; ~ s on tie down loops.

173. The Achzarit's main stowage basket is made

of a flat metal frame and round metal bars.

174. A close up on the

Achazarit's taillight.

1 2. The stowage basket and the fan outlets right at the rear of the hull.
. te the 20 litter jerrycan and it's holder at the left side of the metal
-: wage basket. Also note the ID number plate welded onto the
-= :1gine's deck.

175. The left end side of the stowage basket from
:he rear. Note the left taillight and it's protective
:ylinder. Also note the space between the TOGA
armor and the hull, and the metal structure that
;1olds the TOGA armor plates.
176. The left end of the stowage basket 177. The right end of the stowage basket.
from the side. Note the tie down loops that Note the two grab handles welded onto it.
holds the fabric basket.
47
178 & 180. The top of the clamshell door. This platfOtm is used mainly

for carrying several backpacks or camouflage nets.

Note it's massive hinghes and the tube that contains the electric wires

(photo 180).

179. The upper part of the clamshell door in an open

position as seen from the engine deck.

182. A close up on the vertically organized TOGA mmor plates at the 181. A close up on the hydraulic arm that lifts the
right rear side of the Achzarit. upper pmt of the clamshell door. Note the cover of
Note the hinges and two handles that are used for opening the plates the hydraulic arm that folds like an harmonica.
and are painted in signal red.

48
 A view from the engine deck along the
crew compartmpnt clearly illustrates
the an'angement of all five crew hatches
and the FN MAGs positions,
Note the conical rubber hatch stopper
for the driver's hatch and the metal
stopper welded on top of the other three
crew hatches.

A view from the engine deck along

the crew compartment in different
Achzari t clearly show ing the
arrangments made for future
installation of two additional Rafael
Overhead Weapon System (OWS)
instead the 7.62 mm swing arm
mounted FN MAGs, which also
include two periscopes on each side.
Since this vehicle does not carry the
side position swing arm mounted
FN MAGs it is possible to see their
mounting base.
lai....~~.iiiillll~·~ Note the empy fire extinguisher rack
and antenna mounts.
Also note the elevation along the
right side of the hull where the
passage to the rear door begins.

A close up of several constructions

on the Achzarit's deck, including
the base for the Soltam 60 mm
mortar (covered with nylon)
and it's securing bracket.

49

close up of the commander's dome

.-l,.
shaped hatch and the OWS gunner's
hatch.
Note the commander's remote control
communication box and the
ammunition feeding belt of the OWS.

A view of the front crew

compartment from the rear, with the
Rafael Overhead Weapon System
(OWS) at the right front side and the
commander's FN MAG at the left.
All the crew hatches are flat except
the commander's hatch which is
dome shaped and provides for
L=;r.J! .,-'-' a · =-,';i ~1.1;!,
,- ;':':W-
better protection.
Note the tube that runs across the
hull and contains the electric wires
for the front-light clusters and
smoke grenade dischargers.
Note the communication remote
control box in front of the
corrunander's hatch.

50

 190. The rear left side of the Achzarit. The space between the

TOGA armor and the hull is used for the storage of several oil

cans that are tied by fabric strips.

Note the three storage bins and two fuel tank filler caps along

the side of the engine deck. .. .

All hinges, handles and lifting eyes are paInted In signal red.

192. A close up on the driver's hatch.

193. A left side view of the crew compartment from the front.
194. A close up of the front part of the engine deck. Note the
::\ote the hull's side slope and four rows of round head rivets
link chain that secures the "L" shape locker pins of the armored
and the anti-skid texture of the upper hull.
fuel tank filler caps .
.-'1.150 note the driver's hatch in open position and its internal

shape and fabric strap handle used by the driver to close it.

51
 __ .
'JiiF!o:k:
7--~:' 'U
195 & 196. The right side of the crew

~~ II compartment from the .front.

-. ,- OJ' Note the uncovered commUHlcatlOn

- . -~ ... box and the commander's do"me
shaped hatch (photo 196).
Also note the shut gunner's periscopes,
the mounting plate base for the FN
MAG (photo 195). I~

197. An overall view of the

rear hull of the Achzarit,
showing the engine deck and
the roof top of the clamshell
door.
Note the difference in the
heights between the different
structures on this pmt of the
hull.

r;; 198 & 199. The rear right side of

2t& I the Achzarit. Note the four annored
fuel tank filler caps.
Also note the clamshell door in open
or shut positions and the connection
point between the clamshell's door
roof and the hydraulic arm that lifts
it. ­

52

o 0
o 0
o 0
o 0
o 0
o 0
o 0
o 0
o 0
o 0

o 0 o 0
o 0 o 0
o 0 o 0
o 0 o 0
o 0 o 0
o 0 o 0
o 0 o 0
o 0 o 0
o 0 o 0
o 0 o 0
o 0 o 0

O~
o 0

o o o 0

53

: 00. The massi ve armored front hull of an Achzarit. The spare track links
:::~ attached to the hull by similar holding device as in the "PUMA" .
. Jte the sloped construction of the Achzarit, with it's edge sharp as a
: :Jde.

201. Top view of the right side IS-6 smoke grenades

discharger. Note the angle at which the bracket of the
discharger is connected to the hull's side. Also note the
du st cover made from hardened tarpaulin (called
"Shimshonit") and is opened or closed by a zipper.
202. The front left end of the Achzarit. The IS -6 smoke
=.scharger is mounted vertically (unlike in "PUMA"),
::~ e refore the holding brackets are completely different
_ o d are welded onto the hull. The discharger
~ ttached to the bracket by four bolts. Note the way
:':-,at the electric wires for the dischargers are protected
:' \ a tube that runs across the hull, exposing the wire
L :-I I;; at the end. The piece of fabric painted black
_ d carrying the tactical marking of the APC, is
_) nnected by four tie down points. Also visible is
·'-,e cable made loop that is used as stair-like lifting
Z'.l pports to assist the crew mounting the APC from
:: e sides, together with two handles located in the
_toe slopes of the hull. Also note the splashguard and
::-.ud flap made of from hard ru bber bolted to the hull.
-:-ne ID number is welded onto the hull. 204. A close up on the IS-6 smoke grenades
discharger. Note the four bolts that are used
to attach the discharger to his bracket.

55

 206. The backpacks that are tied down to the roof top of
the clamshell door, painted black in this case.
205. A close up on the metal box that protects the commander's
communication remote control box. Note the small box at the
center from which the electric supply is routed from inside the
vehicle to the communication box, lights and smoke grenades
discharger v ia protected cabling across the hull.
Note one of the bolts that holds the front add-on armor to the
hull. Also note the mechanism that locks the commander's hatch
and secures it in a shut position.
Note the swivel mount on the front right that is used to attach
the commander's spot light.

Ell

207. The driver's hatch from the top. Note that one of the
four driver's periscopes is missing.

208 & 209. Front and rear views of the left hand side headlight
cluster. Note how the lights are protected from the descending
crew's feet, by a simple but effective metal guard frame.

210. Rear view of the right hand side headlight and electric
hom cluster. Note the different towing cable cleat and securing 211. A close up on the securing bracket of the Soltam
de\·ice. 60 mm mortar.
56
 m il view from the left
_~ .l.. .::hzarit armed only
~ 'h e Rafael Overhead
_ p o n System and the
- :;, a nder's FN MAG.

An overall view from the

right of an Achzarit.
Note the tactical markings
painted by free hand and are
not symmetric.
Also note the towing cable
along the APC's side that is
secured by metal clamps.
A side skirt with passive
armor that contains hundreds
of round head rivets was added
along the sides of the APC .
In contrast to the Puma, it is
one piece and is welded onto
the hull's side and protects
only the hull and not the
suspension.
Note the small metal made
reinforcing strips on top of
the side skirt.
The hull's slopes carry same
round head rivets as well.

-:' .c rear right side of the

-,. rtzarit.
.., c the ID white and black
- :: rking painted on the
i:l1shell door.
: :. i - marking is a rare one
..J ~ found on few Achzarits
, \' .

S7

 ~
A close up on the Achzarit's
sloped front.
Note the emblem of the
"Golani" brigade that is an
olive tree on a yellow square.
Note the tactical marking at
the front of the light cluster.
Also note the metal ID
number welded onto the
edge of the hull.

~
A frontal view of an AClIzarit.
Note the two towing cables
and the manner in which they
are secured at the front, by
cleats and a locking devise .
Note the manner in which
the electric wires for the
smoke grenade dischargers
and front light clusters are
protected, by a tube that runs
across the hull.
Also note the towing hooks ;1,

and the metal ID number

welded at the front center '
Note the large bolts that
attach the add-on armor to
the hull.

58

 An Achzarit manoeuvring in
the Golan area.
Note the width of this big APe
and it's threating presence.
Also note that this APe is
only one towing

-",--'an try soldiers ride on

II II

::.I1 .4..chzarit during a drill

:;:: :he Galil area.
_'ote the canvas that carry
:3e tactical markings.

Infantry soldiers entering an Achzmit after a firing exercise

in the Negev desert.

: :..-_= pre-serial Achzarit APe manoeuvring in the Negev

-: :~ -hat the front slope area is carrying round head L..i.~~~~~ ~r~~~~&~~~~J~~~~~~~~~~
_i::: :k e th e serial vehicles. Also note the rolled up ~~...a:~~~~~~~dm~~~~~~~~~~M
_-- _ ~ e net at the APC's rear, above the clamshell door. "­
59
 222, 223 & 224. The South Lebanese
army, suppOited by Israel, received
several T-54/55 tanks. One of them
that was hit and it's tun·et destroyed,
was modified into a simple patrol
vehicle by removing the tunet and
building a simple raised and protected
compartment.
This vehicle can be seen in the IDF
Armored Corps Museum at Latrun.

~,;..,;,?

225. The ellipse shape compartment made from thin welded

metal plates with three open spaces used as bases for the
7.62 mm swing arm mounted FN MAGs.

226 & 227. Front and rear views (respectively) of the interior

of the crew compartment.

Note the two-sided M-1l3 style crew bench and the racks that

are used for holding ammunition boxes for the FN MAGs.

60