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e.g Force exerted on the wall of storage tanks, dams, and ships)
∫ r dm = I
2
(2nd moment of Mass)
M
∫A y dA = I x ∫A x dA = I y
2 2
& (2nd moment of Area)
Then,
i) Position of FR on y-axis
yR : y coordinate of the point of action of FR
∫ y
2
dA Ix
∴ yR = A = where I x = ∫A y 2 dA : 2nd moment of area
yc A yc A
I xc
∴ yR = + yc (Always below the centroid !)
yc A
ii) Position of FR on x-axis
∴ xR =
∫A
xydA
=
I xy
yc A yc A
I xyc
∴ xR = + xc
yc A
1 ⎛h⎞
FR = Volume of the pressure prism = (γh)(bh) = γ ⎜ ⎟ A
2 ⎝2⎠
I xc I xc 1
yR = + yc = + h
yc A ⎛1 ⎞ 2
⎜ h ⎟(bh)
⎝2 ⎠
1 1
(In case of rectangular plate, I xc = Ah 2 = bh3 )
12 12
1 3
bh
12 1 1 1 2
yR = + h = h + h = h (from the top)
1
h ⋅ (bh) 2 6 2 3
2
1 2
= h (above the base) = h (from the top)
3 3
h/3
xR = Horizontal center
Ú Special case of a plane surface not extending up to the fluid surface
- Completely submerged plane (See Figure)
Pressure prism
- Trapezoidal cross section
Moment by FR acting at y A
= Moment by F1 at y1 + Moment by F2 at y2
h
FR y A = F1 y1 + F2 y2 where y1 = for rectangle
2
2h
y2 = for triangle (From the top)
3
In equilibrium condition,
r
Hydrostatic force by fluid ( FR )
r r r
& Balance with reaction force by wall ( F = FH + FV )
FV
∴ FR = ( FH ) 2 + ( FV ) 2 : Magnitude & tan θ = : Direction
FH