Science 5 Alumnado PDF

SCIENCE
TH
5 LEVEL
CEIP Ginés Morata
Almería
Andrés Egea
(andres@colegioginesmorata.es)
CEIP Ginés Morata
Almería
5th GRADE. MINIMUM CONTENTS

UNIT 1: LIVING THINGS
► Discovering a cell
Living things are made up of tiny units called cells. Cells are the smallest living units in a living
thing.
a
Some living things are made up of a single cell. They are
at
unicellular.
Other living things are made up of many cells. They are
multicellular.
or
► What are cells like? Parts of a cell
M
Cells differ in shape and size. They carry out different
tasks.
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Cells have three parts:
- The membrane is the covering around the cell.

- The nucleus is the part which controls the cell.
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- The cytoplasm is between the nucleus and the membrane.
 Plants cells also have a hard cell wall around the membrane
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► Organisms
Multicellular living things have the following structure:
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- Cells form tissues:

Tissues, such as muscle tissue, are made up of cells which
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work together.
- Tissues form organs:

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Organs, such as the heart, are made up of tissues which

work together.
- Organs form systems:

Systems, such as the digestive system, are made up of
organs whcih work together.
Equipo de Bilingüismo Andrés Egea

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- An organism is a complete living thing:
Many systems work together in an organism. All living things are organisms
► Kingdoms
Living things are classified into groups called kingdoms. The principal kingdoms are the animal
a
kingdom, the plant Kingdom and the other kingdoms such as the fungi Kingdom. Other are
bacteria, virus and protists.
at
The animal kingdom
or
Animals are multicellular living things that eat other living things.
They can move from one place to another, and they can react quickly
to stimuli. To do this, they have a nervous system and sense organs.
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The plant kingdom
Plants are multicellular living things that use sunlight and
substances from the soil and air to make their own food. Plants
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cannot move around because they are fixed to the ground.
The fungi kingdom

in
Fungi can be unicellular, but most are multicellular.. Like animals,

fungi do not make their own food. They depend on other organisms
for food
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The bacteria kingdom
Bacteria are the most abundant of all living things. They can Bacteria are the smallest living
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things. Bacteria are unicellular and can live in different environments: in water, soil, air or
inside other living things.
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The fifth kingdom

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This last kingdom is made up of all the living things that are not included in the previous
kingdoms. Can be unicellulars or multicellulars. Protozoa are unicellular microbes that feed on
other living things. Algae live in water and make their own food, like plants.
Viruses
Viruses are so small and simple that scientists cannot agree if they are living things or not. For
this reason, they are not included in any of the five kingdoms. Viruses can only reproduce inside
other living things. They cause illnesses like influenza, measles, chicken pox and AIDS.
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UNIT 1: LIVING THINGS

ACTIVITIES
1.- Name three living and three non-living things.
a. Three living things:
a
b. Three non-living things:
at
2.- Match the two columns.
or
3.- Use these words to complete the sentences. M
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Unicellular – wall – multicellular - membrane – cytoplasm - nucleus - cells
in
a.- are the smallest living units in a living thing.

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b.-Living things which are made up of a single cell are
c. Living things which are made up of many cells are

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d.-The is the covering around the cell.

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e. The is the part which controls the cell.
f. is between the nucleus and the membrane.

C
g. Plant cells also have a hard cell around the membrane.
4.- Label this cell.
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Membrane

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5.- Match the characteristics to the kingdom.
a
at
or
M
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in
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6. Identify and label the levels of organisation in living things.
5
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4
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3
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1
2

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UNIT 2: PLANTS KINGDOM
►Plant groups
Plants have roots, a stem and leaves.
a
The roots are in the soil. Water and other
substances are absorbed from the soil through the
at
roots.
The stem supports the leaves. Water and nutrients
are transported from
or
the roots to the leaves inside the stem.
The leaves breathe and make the plant´s food.
M
►Flowering plants
Flowering plants are the biggest group of plants.

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 Gymnosperms have small flowers, but no
fruit.
Their seeds are all together in cones. Almost all
gymnosperms are trees , such as pine trees.
in
 Angiosperms have flowers and fruit.

Chesnut trees and some grasses are angiosperms.
G
►Non-flowering plants
Non-flowering plants are
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the smallest group of plants.

They need shade and
moisture.
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 Mosses are small

plants which live on
rocks, trees and the
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ground.
 Ferns are larger than
mosses. They have
thick, underground
stems and big leaves.
.

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► Sexual reproduction
Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. They
have male parts and female parts.
Stamens are the male parts of the flower. The
anther is located at the top of the stamen. Pollen is
produced in the anther. Pollen is a microscopic
a
powder made up of small grains.
The pistil is the female part. It consists of the
at
stigma, which receives the pollen, the style and the
ovary. The ovary contains ovules. Ovules become
seeds. The stamen and pistil are protected by the
or
corolla and the calyx.
► Pollination
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Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the ovary within the same plant or
between plants of the same type. Insect pollination. Insects are attracted by aromatic flowers
with nectar. The pollen grains stick to the insect and are carried to the stigma of other
flowers. Wind pollination. Some plants have small, unattractive flowers. They produce large
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quantities of pollen. The wind blows this pollen to the stigmas of other flowers.
► Seeds and fruit

After pollination, seeds and fruit begin to grow. Seeds form from the ovule and contain an
in
embryo and a food store. The embryo is a miniature plant. The food store supplies the embryo
with nutritive substances. Fruit is formed from the ovary. Seeds are inside the fruit. The fruit
has two functions: to protect the seeds and to spread the seeds far from the mother plant.
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► Seed germination
Germination is the final stage in plant reproduction. This is when the ripe fruit falls to the
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ground, the fruit opens and the seeds fall out and start to grow.
► Asexual reproduction
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Many plants can reproduce without flowers or seeds. This is called

asexual reproduction. These plants use parts of themselves to
reproduce.
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Tubers are subterranean stems. When we plant a tuber, part of

the stem grows above ground and develops leaves. Part grows
underground and develops roots. Potatoes are tubers.
Rhizomes are specialised stems. They extend horizontally below
ground. Irises produce rhizomes.
Stolons are specialised stems. They extend horizontally above
ground from the mother plant. Strawberry plants produce stolons

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UNIT 2: PLANTS KINGDOM

ACTIVITIES
1. Match the two columns.
a
at
or
M
2. Label the parts of the flower.
és
in
G
3. Order the stages of plant nutrition. Write 1, 2, 3 or 4.

P
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C

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4. Circle the correct option.
a. Flowers are the nutritional / reproductive organs of plants.
b. The stamens are the male / female parts which produce pollen.
a
c. Tiny pollen grains form on the stamens / petals.
at
d. Respiration / Pollination is the movement of pollen from the stamens to the ovary.
or
e. The ovary / corolla is the female part which contains ovules.
f. Sunlight / Wind can carry pollen to other plants.
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g. After pollination, the ovary / calyx grows and becomes a fruit with seeds.
h. When seeds germinate, they open / close and small roots grow.
és
5. Label these stems: tubers, bulbs or stolens.
in
G
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C

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UNIT 3: ECOSYSTEMS
► What is an ecosystem?
An ecosystem consist of all the living things in a specific

enviroment, and their interaction with their habitat.
a
Ecosystems can be small, like a pond, or large, like a
rainforest.
at
The components of an ecosystem are:
 Living things: the plants in an ecosystem are called
flora. The animals are called fauna. There are also
or
fungi, bacteria and algae.
 The environment: this refers to the surrounding
conditions which affect living things, such as soil,
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climate, water, air and light.
►Types of ecosystems
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There are two types of ecosystems, terrestrial and aquatic:
* Forests, grasslands and deserts are terrestrial ecosystems.

Many living things live in forests and grasslands. The abundant vegetation provides them with
in
food.
Few living things live in deserts because there is little food.
* Freshwater ecosystems, such as rivers and lakes, and marine ecosystems, such as the sea ,
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are aquatic ecosystems
► Living things in an ecosystem

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All living things are grouped into species, for example, lions, tigers, poppies, oak trees, etc.
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A population is all the members of one species living in the same ecosystem.
A habitat is the
place within an
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ecosystem where a
population lives.
A community is
made up of all the
populations that
interact in an
ecosystem.
Equipo de Biingüismo Andrés Egea

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►Relationships between living things: The Food Chain
Living things obtain food in different ways:
* Producers, such as plants and algae, make their food.
a
* Primary consumers, such as zebras and fish, eat plants
and algae
at
* Secondary consumers, such as lions and snakes, eat
primary consumers.
or
* Tertiary
consumers, such as
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eagles and owls, are
secondary consumers which eat other secondary
consumers.
és
* Decomposers, such as fungi and bacteria, eat the
remains of other living things
in
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UNIT 3: ECOSYSTEMS
ACTIVITIES
1. Read the sentences and circle the correct words.
a
a. Producers make their own food / eat other living things.
b. Consumers make their own food / eat other living things .
at
c. Primary consumers get their energy from plants / eating herbivores.
d. Secondary consumers get their energy from eating tertiary consumers / herbivores .
e. Tertiary consumers get their energy from eating secondary consumers / plants.
or
2. Write parasite, scavenger and predator. Then, match the type of animal to the
definitions.
M
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in
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3. Number the living things to show the food chain.

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4.Give two examples of each of the following living things from the food chain
.
a. Producer: .
b. Primary consumer: .
c. Secondary consumer: .
a
d. Tertiary consumer: .
at
5. Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
or
 Decomposers are bacteria and fungi.
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Decomposers only decompose the remains of plants.
Decomposition puts minerals from living things back into the soil.
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Decomposition does not help keep the soil fertile.
in
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6. Complete the sentences.
algae aquatic ecosystem environment

fauna flora fungi habitat terrestrial
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a. An consists of all the living things in a specific environment

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and their interaction with their .
b. The plants in an ecosystem are called .

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c. The animals are called .
d. There are also bacteria, and .

e. The refers to the surrounding conditions which affect
living things.
f. There are two types of ecosystems, and .

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UNIT 4: THE EARTH
► THE ATMOSPHERE
The atmosphere is the air which surrounds the Earth.
a
Air is a mixture of gases. It is mainly nitrogen and oxygen. There are also small quantities of
carbon dioxide, ozone and water vapour.
at
The atmosphere is essential to life on Earth:
 It has the oxygen which all living things breathe. It also has carbon dioxide which plants
need for photosynthesis.
or
 Carbon dioxide and other gases are like a
blanket which retains the Earth´s heat.
Ozone filters harmful ultraviolet rays
The layers of the atmosphere
The troposphere is the lowest layer. Most gases M

és
are in this layer. Plants and animals live in the
troposphere.
The stratosphere is the next layer.
in
There is a thin layer of ozone in the upper

stratosphere. This is called the ozone layer.
As we travel higher, the gases become less
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dense.
In outer space there is no atmosphere
► The hydrosphere
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All water on Earth makes up the hydrosphere.

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Water is usually a liquid, but it can also be a solid or a gas.

Water in liquid form covers most of the Earth´s surface. It is found in oceans, seas, rivers and
lakes.
C
Water in solid form (snow and ice) is found in the polar regions. It is also found on mountains.
Water vapour, a gas, is found in the atmosphere.
The water cycle
The water cycle is the constant circulation of water between the sea, the atmosphere and land.

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A) Liquid water in the sea, rivers and lakes evaporates because of heat from the Sun. It
because water vapour.
B) Water vapour rises and condenses into drops
of water. The water drops form clouds.
C) Water falls from clouds as rain: precipitation.

If it is very cold, water solidifies and falls as
a
snow.
D) Water flows over the land and filters into it.
at
It forms rivers and lakes. Some water returns
to the sea or evaporates.
The water cycle starts again
or
► The geosphere
The geosphere is made up of three layers:

M
és
 The crust is the Earth´s outer layer. It is made up of
solid materials.
 The mantle is the Earth´s middle layer. It is extremely
hot. In some parts, there is magma (red-hot liquid
in
rock).
 The core is the Earth´s inner layer. It is also
extremely hot. It is divided into the liquid outer core
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and the solid inner core.
Earthquakes
Earthquakes are strong
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movements of the Earth’s crust caused by the sudden

release of energy from beneath the surface.. When
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earthquakes occur under the seabed,they are called

seaquakes. They produce gigantic waves called tsunamis,.
C
Volcanoes Volcanoes
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth’s crust where magma
comes to the surface. Magma is liquid rock found deep
inside the Earth. When magma comes to the surface, it is
called lava. Magma goes up through a vent called a volcanic
chimney, and rises through a circular opening called a
crater. Volcanoes also expel gases, ash and rock fragments which form the volcanic cone

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UNIT 4: THE EARTH
ACTIVITIES
1. Complete the chart
a
at
or
M
2. Which layer of the Earth does each thing belong to?
és
The water in a river.
The rocks in a mountain.

in
The air we breathe.

G
3.- Fill in the blanks: The water cycle.

The water cycle is the of water between the sea, the
atmosphere and land.
P
1. Liquid water in the sea, rivers and lakes because of heat from the
Sun. It because water vapour.

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2. Water vapour rises and into drops of water. The water drops
form clouds.
C
3. Water falls from clouds as rain: . If it is very cold, water solidifies

and falls as snow.
4. Water the land and into it. It forms rivers and
lakes. Some water returns to the sea or evaporates.

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4. Name the two main gases of the atmosphere
a
at
5. ¿What is the atmosphere ? Explain.
or
6.
M
Match the soil components to what they are made up of.
és
in
G
7. Label the layers of the atmosphere.

P
EI
C

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UNIT 5: THE UNIVERSE
► The Solar System

The Solar System consists of the Sun, eight Planets and their moons, comets and asteroids.
They are all called celestial bodies. Everything In the Solar System orbits the Sun.
a
►The Sun
at
The Sun is the largest celestial body. It is much Bigger than any planet. It is at the centre of
the Solar System. The Sun is an enormous yellow Star which provides the light and heat
necessary For life on Earth. The Sun rotates on its own Invisible axis.
or
►Planets and satellites
M
There are eight large celestial bodies called planets. Each planet rotates on its own invisible
axis. Each planet also orbits the Sun. The planets can be Classified into two groups: terrestrial
or inner planets and gas giants or outer planets.
és
* Mercury, Venus, the Earth and Mars are terrestrial Planets. They are small, and mainly
made up of rock.
* Jupiter, Saturn Uranus and Neptune are called gas giants because they are large and made
in
up of gases.
 Natural satellites are smaller celestial bodies, such as moons, which orbit their planets.
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► Asteroids
In the Solar System, there are thousands of tiny, Rocky celestial bodies called asteroids. They
have different shapes
► Comets
Comets are small celestial bodies made up of ice, Dust and rock. They have bright tails which
point away from the Sun. We can only see the tail of a comet when it is close to the Sun.
a
►THE EARTH
at
1. The movement of the Earth
or
The Earth revolves around the Sun. Its orbit is an elongated circle, called an ellipse. The Earth
takes exactly 365 days and six hours to complete its orbit. Our “normal” calendar years are
only 365 days long.
2. The rotation of the Earth
M
The Earth is a sphere. It rotates on its own invisible axis, which passes through the North and
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South Poles. It takes twenty-four hours to complete this rotation. At any time, one half of the
Earth is facing the Sun. In that
half, it is day. The other half is
facing away from the Sun. It does
in
not receive sunlight. In that half, it

is day. The other half is facing away
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from the Sun. It does not receive

sunlight. In that other half, it is
night.
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The Earth always rotates in the

same direction. Consequently, the Sun always
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rises in the east and sets in the west.
3. The seasons
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The Earth´s axis is slightly tilted towards

the Sun, and receives more light and heat.
It is summer in this hemisphere. The other
Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun. It
receives less light and heat. It is winter in
that hemisphere

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UNIT 5: THE SOLAR SYSTEM

ACTIVITIES
1. Write the letters next to the names of the planets..
a
at
or
M
és
 Earth  Neptune  Jupiter  Uranus
 Mars  Saturn  Venus  Mercury

in
2. Write inner planets, outer planets or satellites.

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a. These planets have a rocky surface. .

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b. These are small celestial bodies that orbit planets. .
c. These planets are mainly composed of gases. .

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3. Read the definitions and write the names of the celestial bodies.
C
a. Spherical bodies that orbit the Sun. They are smaller than planets. .
b. Small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun. Some are found in the Kuiper belt.
c. Giant balls of ice that orbit the Sun in a long, elliptical path. .

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4. Label the celestial bodies. Then, circle the odd one out.
a
at
or
5. Match the sentence halves.
M
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in
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6. Look at the pictures. Why can’t you always see the same constellations at night?
Complete the text.
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C

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UNIT 6: MATTER AND IT CHANGES
►Matter
The properties of matter
a
Matter is everything that forms the universe and occupies space. It has both general and
specific properties.
at
* General properties are common to all types of matter. They are mass and volume. Mass
is the amount of matter in an object. Mass is measured in grams or kilograms. Volume is
or
the amount of space an object occupies. It is usually measured in millilitres or litres.
* Specific properties permit us to differentiate between different types of matter. Two
examples are colour and density. Density is the relationship between the mass and the
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volume of an object
Changes in matter
és
Matter can change. There are two types of changes: physical changes and chemical
changes.
in
 Chemical changes
Chemical changes or chemical

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reactions happen when two or more

substances are combined. They react
to each other and they produce new
substances, called products. Two types
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of chemical reactions are:

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* Oxidation: One substance changes

into another when it reacts with
oxygen. For example, iron changes into
C
rust.
*Combustion: when an object or substance is burned, it changes into another substance. For
example, when wood burns, it changes into ashes and gases.
 Physical changes
* Movement: The object changes position, but the matter remains the same.

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*Expansion: when the temperature of an object increases, it gets bigger. If the temperature
rises, mercury expands in a thermometer.
* Contraction: When the temperature of an object decreases, it gets smaller. If a balloon
filled with air is put in a refrigerator, the air contracts: the balloon gets smaller.
►Pure substances and mixtures
 Pure substances are formed of only one type of matter.
a
 Mixtures are formed of different types of matter. There are two types of
at
mixtures:
Heterogeneous mixtures. In these mixtures, you can see the different components.
Examples of these are rocks and fish soup.
or
Homogeneous mixtures, or solutions. In these mixtures, you cannot see the different
components. Examples of these are seawater, which consists of salt and water, and air,
which consists of a mixture of several gases.
M
Solutions are mixtures in which we cannot distinguish the different components.
► Types of changes in state

és
A change in temperature can cause a change of state in matter. These are changes of State:
• Melting: A solid changes into a

liquid.
in
For example, snow melts when it

is warm.
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• Solidification: A liquid changes

into a solid.
For example, water changes into
ice when it is very cold.
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• Evaporation - Boiling: A liquid

changes into a gas. Reverse sublimation
For example, water boils when it
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is very hot: one hundred degrees

centigrade (100°C). Or water in a
pond evaporates.
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• Condensation: A gas changes

into a liquid.
For example, water vapour in the air forms condensation on car windows when it is very cold.
• Sublimation: A solid changes into a gas.
For example, solid air fresheners change into a gas when they mix with air
Reverse sublimation. This is when a gas becomes a solid, without first becoming a liquid.
For example, when air saturated with water vapour is cooled, it forms frost.

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UNIT 6: MATTER AND IT CHANGES

ACTIVITIES
1.- Match the photographs to the words and then to the definitions.
a
at
or
M
2.- What type of mixtures are they? Write heterogeneous or homogeneous.
és
in
3.- Tick the pure substances.

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P
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4.- Read the sentences and circle the correct words.
a. Density / Hardness is the relationship between the mass and the volume of an object.
C
b. Density tells us how concentrated the mass / volume is in a specific volume.
c. We measure density in grams per cubic centimetre / litres.
d. Liquids generally have a higher density than solids / gases .
e. Solids generally have a higher / lower density that liquids and gases.
f. When the density of an object is lower than the density of a liquid it floats / sinks.
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5.- Read the definitions of different properties of matter. Write general or specific.
a. These properties are common to all matter. .
b. These properties vary from one substance to another. .
c. Examples of these properties are colour, hardness and density. .
a
d. Examples of these properties are mass, volume and temperature. .
at
6.- Complete the definitions. Follow the example. 6
or
a. Melting: when a solid becomes a liquid.
M
b. Solidification: when a
c. Vaporization: when a
d. Condensation: when a
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e. Sublimation: when a
f. Reverse sublimation: when a

in
7.- Complete the diagram about changes of states of matter

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P
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C

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UNIT 7: FORCES AND MOVEMENT
►Forces
Forces are actions which make objects move, stop, or
a
change shape. They can be a push or a pull.
When you throw a ball, it moves. The movement is
at
caused by the force you applied to the ball.
►Types of forces
or
* Gravity: this force makes objects fall to the ground. If we throw an object into the air,
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gravity pulls it to the ground.
* Electric force: This force is found between electrically charged objects. Electric force
can attract or repel.
* Magnetic force: This force affects magnets and some
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metallic objects. Magnetic force can attract or repel.
* Friction: When an object touches another object, it
experiences a frictional force. This force acts in the
directions opposite to the direction of movement. It slows
in
or stops moving objects. For example, friction between a

ball and the ground stops the ball rolling after a few
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meters.
►Machines
Machines are devices which use the action of a force or convert one type of energy into
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another. For example, a bicycle is a machine which transforms human energy into mechanical
energy. Machines save us time and physical effort.
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►Types of machines
Some machines, such as pulleys, are very simple because they have very few components.
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Other machines, such as computers, are complex because they have many components.
Machines can be classified depending on their energy source. There are machines which work
with:
• Human energy, such as a bicycle or a hammer
• Water or wind, such as a watermill or a windmill
• Fuel, such as a car or a gas stove
• Electricity, such as a washing machine or a mobile phone
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Simple machines
There are four types of simple machines: the wheel, the pulley, the inclined plane and the lever. These
machines modify the action of forces.
The wheel
The wheel is a simple machine, but it can be used as a component of
complex machines. It consists of a round part which turns on an axle.
Wheels are used on the majority of vehicles which move on land. Wheels
a
are useful because they reduce friction with the ground. Therefore, they
make it easier to move objects along the ground.
at
The pulley
The pulley is a kind of wheel. It has two raised edges so a rope can run
around the wheel without falling off. A pulley is used to lift heavy
or
objects. A pulley changes the direction needed to apply force. Look at
the picture. Instead of pulling directly upwards (A), the pulley enables
you to pull downwards and lift the object more easily (B).
The inclined plane
M
An inclined plane is a slope or a ramp. It makes it easier to move heavy
objects. It requires less force than if you raise an object vertically.
Instead of lifting the object straight up, you can push it a greater
distance using less force. The picture shows that the force required
és
to lift an object with a pulley is greater than the force required to
move the object up an inclined plane. The smaller the angle between
the plane and the ground, the smaller the force required, and the
longer the distance.
in
The lever
A lever is basically a long stick that you push or pull against a
fulcrum or pivot point to make something move. A lever makes it
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easier to move heavy objects. Look at the picture. When you apply
force to a lever, the long end of the lever moves a greater distance
than the short end. The short end of the lever applies a much
greater force on the object than the force you apply to the long
P
end.
Types of levers
There are three types of levers:
EI
 First-class levers. The fulcrum is between the load and the

energy moving the force. Crowbars, pliers and scissors are
examples of first-class levers (A).
C
 Second-class levers. The fulcrum is at one end and the load

is between the fulcrum and the force. Guillotines,
wheelbarrows and nutcrackers are examples of second-class
levers (B).
 Third-class levers. The force is applied between the
fulcrum and the load. Your arm and some types of cranes are
examples of third-class levers. In your arm, the fulcrum is
your elbow. The force is applied by your muscle (C).

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UNIT 7: FORCES
ACTIVITIES
1.- Use the words to complete the text.
a
at
A still body does not move unless a acts
upon it. The hockey ball will not move unless the player hits it.
or
However, if a body is in , it will continue to
move in a line, until a force makes it stop
or change
M
hockey ball, it will continue to move
. When the girl hits the
until the goalkeeper

és
stops it with her hockey stick, applying force in the
direction.
The same thing happens when you travel in a car. If you are not
in
wearing a seatbelt and the car suddenly, your
body keeps moving in the direction, because

G
there is no force to stop it. This is why you should always wear a seatbelt.
P
2.- Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
Friction slows down moving objects.

EI
Friction is not acting when a moving body is slowed down by air or water.
The direction of the force of friction is always in the opposite direction to the
C
movement of a body.
In outer space there is no air, so there is a lot of friction.

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3.- Circle the correct picture. Then, read the text and circle the correct words.
a
at
Megan uses force to hit the tennis ball. This force pulls / pushes the ball forwards and applies
or
speed to it. At the same time, the force of gravity makes it move downwards at a constant
speed / faster and faster . The result of these two movements (forwards and downwards)
M
makes the ball move in a curved / straight direction.
és
4.- Circle the fulcrum on each picture
in
G
P
EI
5.- Look at the levers. Write FC (first-class), SC (second-class) or TC (third-class).
Circle the fulcrum on each one.

C

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UNIT 8: RELIEF OF SPAIN
►Mountains and plains in Spain
The Iberian peninsula has many

different landscapes. The map shows
a
the mountains and plains.
Central Spain is dominated by a large
at
plateau, called the Central Plateau. This
is divided into two parts by the Central
Mountain Chain.
or
There are mountains to the north, east
and south of the Central Plateau:
M
• The Pyrenees is a mountain chain to
the north of the Central Plateau.
• The Betic Chain is a mountain chain to
és
the south of the
in
Central Plateau.
The highest
peaks on the
G
peninsula are in
these chains.
The Iberian
P
peninsula has
narrow coastal
plains. There are
EI
two extensive
depressions:
C
• The Ebro
depression is in
the north.
• The Guadalquivir depression is in the south.

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►Spanish coasts
Spain has more than 6,000 kilometres of coastline in the peninsula. There are five types of
coast.
• The Cantabrian coast has rocky cliffs, estuaries and gulfs.
• The Atlantic coast is very varied. In the northwest, it is high and rocky. There are many
a
estuaries. In the south, it is low-lying and sandy.
• The Mediterranean coast is low-lying and sandy. There are many long beaches.
at
• The coastline in the Canary Islands varies greatly.
• In the Balearic Islands, high coasts alternate with long beaches.
or
M
és
in
G
P
EI
C

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UNIT 8: RELIEF OF SPAIN

ACTIVITIES
1.- Draw and colour the map as follow:
* Inner Plateau: Green * Mountains on the Plateau: Blue
a
* Mountains surrounding the Plateau: dark brown * River basins: Green
at
* Mountains beyond the Plateau: Red * Archipelagos: Yellow
or
M
és
in
G
P
EI
C
2.- Complete the map with the names of the relief features.

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3.- Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
The average height of the land on the Inner Plateau is 6,000 metres above sea level.
The Duero, the Tagus and the Miño are the main rivers that cross the Inner Plateau.
There is more than one type of flat land on the Inner Plateau.
a
The Paramo Leones and La Alcarria are fertile flood plains on the Inner Plateau.
Farmland dominates the Inner Plateau.
at
The largest towns are located near the main rivers.
or
4.- Match the mountain ranges to their highest peaks.
M
és
in
G
5.- Solve the riddles. Write Galician coast, Andalusian coast or Canary Islands.
P
EI
C

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UNIT 9: CLIMATES OF SPAIN
► What is climate?
If we observe and record the weather in a specific place over a period of years, we know the
climate. Climate is the characteristic state of the atmosphere in a place: the temperature,
precipitation and winds over a number of years. Thus, climates can be warm or cold, dry or
a
humid.
Factors which affect climate
at
Certain factors affect climate and these explain why climates differ from one region to
another. These factors are:
 Distance from the sea. Water heats up
or
and cools down more slowly than land. As
a result, temperatures on the coast are
milder. Consequently, in inland areas,
M
summers are much hotter and winters
are much colder than on the coast.
 Altitude. The climate of a mountain
region is colder than on the plains. This is
és
because temperatures fall as altitude
increases. Mountain climates are also
more humid because clouds collide with the mountains and it rains or snows.
 Proximity to the Equator. Not all the Earth receives an equal amount of heat from the
in
Sun. Regions near the Equator receive more heat, while the Poles receive less. This is
because of the tilt of the Earth’s axis. The regions between these hot and cold areas are
called temperate zones. Spain is located in the temperate zone in the Northern
G
Hemisphere.
►Atlantic Climate
P
On the Cantabrian coast and in Galicia, summers are cool and winters are mild. Rainfall is
abundant all year round.
EI
These areas have abundant flora, with many forests and meadows. Foxes, wolves, wild boar
and deer are the most common fauna.
C
►Subtropical climate
In the Canary Islands, temperatures are mild all year.
Rainfall is low and occurs mainly in winter. The flora
includes dragon trees and tabaiba spurge.
The flora includes dragon trees and tabaiba spurge.
The fauna includes giant lizards and canaries.
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►Mediterranean climate
There are three types of
Mediterranean climate.
• Continental: on the Central
a
Plateau, in the Ebro valley and in
part of Andalusia. The summers
at
are hot and the winters are
cold. Rainfall is light.
• Dry: in the southeast of
or
mainland Spain. Temperatures
are mild all year round. Rainfall is
light, especially in summer.
M
• Typical: in coastal areas.
Temperatures are mild in winter
and hot in summer. Rainfall is
irregular, with most rain in
és
autumn.
Holm oaks, pines and shrubs grow in these climates. Lynx, partridges and rabbits are the
most common fauna.
in
►Mountain climate
G
In the highest mountain areas, winters are very cold, but summers are mild. It rains and
snows a lot.
There are meadows and forests with fir trees. The fauna includes vultures and goats
P
EI
C
Mountain Climate Typical Mediterranean Climate

Charts of temperatures and precipitation Charts of temperatures and precipitation

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UNIT 9: CLIMATES OF SPAIN

ACTIVITIES
a
at
or
The climate of an area is affected by how far it is from the . Temperatures on
the coast are than temperatures inland. This is because water cools down and
M
heats up more than land. In inland areas, summers are much and
winters are much than on the coast. Climate is also affected by .
Temperatures fall as altitude . Mountain regions are than

és
areas on the plains. The climate in mountain regions is also more because clouds
collide with the mountains, causing rain or snow.

in
2.- What is climate?

G
P
3.- Cross out the plants that are not typical of Mediterranean forests.
EI
C
4.- Complete the chart.

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5.- What is the climate? Use the key and colour.
Red: Mediterranean climate Yellow: Continental Mediterranean climate

Green: Oceanic climate Blue: Mountain climate
Orange: Subtropical climate
a
at
or
M
és
in
G
P
6.- Label the temperature and precipitation charts. Write Oceanic, Subtropical or
Mountain.
EI
C

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UNIT 10: RIVERS OF SPAIN
Features of rivers
Rivers are bodies of flowing water which start in the mountains when rain accumulates
or snow melts. The ground over which a
river flows is called a riverbed.
a
Rivers have these features:
at
 The course. This is the route of the
river from its source to its mouth. At
the mouth, the river can form an
or
estuary. This is where seawater from
the sea flows into the river. A river can
also form a delta. This is where
materials carried by the river are
deposited at the mouth, forming a
triangular-shaped piece of land. M
és
 The flow. This is the amount of water
the river carries.
 The flow regime. This is the variation
in the flow of a river throughout the
in
year. A river has a regular flow regime

when it carries a similar amount of water all year round. A river has an irregular flow
G
regime when it carries a lot of water at some times of the year and little water at
other times.
►Watersheds
P
There are three watersheds in Spain:

EI
* The Atlantic watershed carries water from rivers which flow into the Atlantic Ocean. The
Galician rivers are short with high flows due to the abundant rain. The plateau rivers are long
with high flows too. However, the flows are lower in the summer when there is little rainfall.
C
Atlantic rivers in Andalusia are long with irregular flows.
* The Cantabrian watershed carries water from the rivers which flow into the Cantabrian Sea.
It has short rivers. Their flow is abundant and regular because they go through areas with
ample rainfall.
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* The Mediterranean watershed carries water from the rivers which flow
into the Mediterranean Sea. It occupies a third of Spain. It does not have many rivers.
They are short with low, irregular flows
a
at
or
M
és
in
G
►Rivers and lakes

Most rivers in Spain are short with relatively low flows because there is little precipitation.
The longest rivers are the Ebro and the Tagus.
P
There are no rivers on the Balearic and Canary Islands. However, torrents form there after
heavy rain. There are many reservoirs, lagoons and lakes in Spain, such as Lake Sanabria in the
EI
Leon Mountains.
C
Atlantic Watersheed Cantabrian Watersheed Mediterranean Watersheed

Andrés Egea
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UNIT 10: RIVERS OF SPAIN

ACTIVITIES
1. Label the diagram of the course of a river.
a
at
or
M
és
in
G
P
EI
2. Read the text and circle the correct words.
The Ebro is one of the longest rivers in the Mediterranean / Cantabrian watershed. It has a
C
very light / abundant flow because it receives water from many smaller / larger rivers. These
rivers include the Aragon and the Gallego which rise in the Pyrenees / Cantabrian Mountains,
and the Jalon and the Huerva which rise in the Iberian Mountain Chain / the Pyrenees.
Andrés Egea
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3. Match the sentence halves about the rivers in the Atlantic watershed.
a
at
or
4. Label the watersheds and the rivers.
M
és
in
G
P
EI
5. Match the sentence halves.

C
Andrés Egea
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UNIT 11: POPULATION AND ECONOMY IN SPAIN
►Population
The population of a place changes continually because of the birth rate, the death rate,
emigration and inmigration.
The birth rate is the number of people born in a place every year. The death rate is the
number of people who die in a place every year.
a
The natural growth rate is the difference between the birth and death rates. It can be
positive or negative.
at
We obtain the real growth rate by adding and subtracting immigration and emigration to the
natural growth rate.
or
►The population of Spain
The population of Spain has increased a lot because of a decrease in the death rate and an
increase in the rate of immigration.
M
►Population density in Spain
Population density tells us if a territory has a lot of inhabitants or a few. We calculate it by
dividing the number of inhabitants of the territory by the surface area of the territory.
Spain has a population density of 91 inhabitants per square kilometre
és
in
G
P
EI
C
►Population and jobs

Population can be divided into two groups related to work: active and inactive.
Active population. This includes people who are of legal working age (between 16 and 67) and
are healthy and able to work. The active population can be employed or unemployed. People who
Equipo de bilingüismo Andrés Egea

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are employed are working and earn money in exchange. People who are unemployed are looking
for work.
Inactive population. This includes people who are not of legal working age (children under 16
and retired people) and people who do not receive a salary (students, people who are ill, etc.).
The active population works in three economic sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary.
a
►The active population
at
The total active population in Spain is approximately 20
million people. The active population can be classified by
economic sector:
or
*Less than 5%, about one million people, work in the
primary sector. (agriculture, livestock farming, miningand
fishing)
M
*About 30%, around 6 million people, work in the secondary
sector. This sector includes industry and construction. The
three most important types of industry are:
és
 Primary industries transform raw materials into
other materials.
 Equipment and machinery industries produce tools
in
and machinery which other industries need

 Consumer industries manufacture products to sell
directly to consumers.
G
* About 60%, around 12 million people, work in the

tertiary sector. The tertiary sector is also called the
service sector. The tertiary sector does not provide
P
us with material goods. Instead, it includes activities

which provide services such as educational, health,
EI
financial, administrative, trade, tourism, transport

and communications services.
C

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UNIT 11: THE POPULATION AND THE ECONOMY OF SPAIN

ACTIVITIES
a
at
The population of Spain today is over . At the beginning of the 20th century, the
or
population was only around . The population has due to positive
natural growth and . At the beginning of the 20th century, many babies
M
were . However, the population only grew slowly because the death rate
was also . Over time, the death rate slowed down because
the developed, nutrition improved and advances were made. This

és
meant that the population increased.
2.- Write international emigration, international immigration or internal migration.

in
a. Martin moved from Jaen to the Community of Madrid because the work was better paid.
G
b. Irene’s grandfather left Spain and went to live in Germany.

P
c. Claudia came to Spain with her family from Columbia to find work.
EI
3.- Are these people part of the active or the inactive population? Write.
C
a. John is 32. He is a lawyer.
b. Peter is 10. He goes to primary school.
c. Alice is 70. She used to be a teacher, but she is now retired.
d. Jane is 42. She is currently unemployed and looking for a job.

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4.- Label the pie chart of Spain in 2008. Write Primary sector, Secondary sector or
Tertiary sector.
a
at
or
M
5.- Match the columns.
és
in
G
P
6.- Match the columns.

EI
C

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UNIT 12: THE INSTITUTIONS OF SPAIN
►Spanish borders
Spain is located in the nothern hemisphere in south-west Europe. It borders:
 France, Andorra and the Bay of Biscay in the north.
 The Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the south.
 The Mediterranean Sea in the East.
a
 Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean in the West.
at
►Spanish territory
Spanish territory includes most of the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands, the Canary
Islands and the cities of Ceuta and Melilla in North Africa.
or
The Iberian Peninsula is connected to the European continent by the Pyrenees. It is separated
from Africa by the Strait of Gibraltar
►The Autonomous Communities
M
In 1978, Spain was divided into seventeen Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous
Cities, Ceuta and Melilla.
és
in
G
P
EI
C
Each community has a Statute of Autonomy, and its own government and parliament.
Autonomous communities consist of one or more provinces. Each province is divided into
municipalities.

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►Political institutions
Spanish Constitution
The Constitution is the most important law in Spain.The

Constitution establishes the form of government and basic
a
institutions, and it defines the rights and duties of
citizens. All laws must follow the Constitution.
at
A constitutional monarchy
or
Spain is a constitutional monarchy. The monarch is the
Head of State, but cannot make political decisions. The
Spanish monarchy is hereditary: it is transmitted from
M
parent to child.
Parliament
Las Cortes is the name of the Spanish parliament. It

és
creates and approves laws and controls government
actions. The members of parliament are elected in general
elections. These are held up to four years after the
previous elections.
in
Parliament consist of two houses: the Congress of

Deputies, with 350 deputies, and the Senate, with a
variable number of senators.
G
The government
The government is responsible for governing the country in
accordance with the laws approved by parliament. The
government is made up of the President and his ministers:
P
The Courts of Justice

EI
The Courts of Justice are responsible for ensuring that laws

are obeyed and for judging anyone accused of committing a
C
crime. They are made up of judges and magistrates.

The Supreme Court is the highest court in Spain. It has
authority to accept or reject laws passed in the lower courts.
The Constitutional Court decides if laws passed by Parliament or the Autonomous Parliaments
are in accordance with the Constitution

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UNIT 12: INSTITUTIONS OF SPAIN

ACTIVITIES
a
at
Spain is located in the Hemisphere, in Europe. Spain’s
territories include the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, the Islands,
or
the Islands, and the cities of Ceuta and . The Iberian Peninsula
starts of the Pyrenees, and is surrounded by . There
M
are main islands in the Canary Islands, which are located in
the Ocean, off the coast of Africa. The Balearic Islands are situated in
the Sea. There are main islands in the archipelago. The

és
cities of Ceuta and Melilla are located in Africa, on the Mediterranean coast..
2.- Look at the map. Write Spain’s borders for each compass point.
in
North:
G
East:
P
West:
EI
South
C
3.- Find and circle the mistakes in the sentences. Write correct sentences.
a. The most important law in Spain is called the Statutes of Autonomy .
b. The Constitution was approved by the Spanish citizens in 1798 .
c. Autonomous Community laws do not need to be in accordance with the Constitution.

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a
The main of Spain are the Parliament, the , the Courts
at
of and the Head of State. Spain’s Head of State is King Juan Carlos I. He
is the Commander-in-Chief of the Spanish , and he represents Spain internationally.
or
However, the King does not make decisions or establish ; he
must accept the decisions made by . This is because Spain is a
M
Parliamentary . The Spanish Monarchy is and the heir to
the throne is the Prince of , Felipe de Borbon.

és
5.- Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
Parliament is responsible for making and approving laws.
Members of parliament are elected every two years.
in
Anyone aged 16 and over can vote.

G
Members of parliament represent all Spanish citizens.

The Congress of Deputies has 250 deputies.
P
The Senate has 259 senators.

EI
C
6.- Match the sentence halves. Then, write complete sentences.

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UNIT 13: PREHISTORY
►Prehistory
Prehistory is the first period in history and also the longest. On the Iberian Peninsula, it starts
a
with the appearance of human beings, about a million years ago, and ends with the appearance
of writing, about 3,000 years ago.
at
Prehistory is divided into three periods: the Palaeolithic Age, the Neolithic Age and the Metal
Ages.
or
►The Paleolithic period
About a million years ago, Spain was inhabited by hominids,
M
or early human beings. Modern people appeared in Spain
about 35.000 years ago. They were nomads, and moved from
place to place. They lived in caves or huts. They obtained
their food by hunting, fishing and gathering wild plants.
és
People lived in family groups, called clans. They lived short
lives, and many babies died at birth.
►The Neolithic period

in
Later the population of the peninsula and the Balearic

G
Islands became sedentary.

They built the first settlements.
People lived in tribes, which were larger than clans. Each
tribe member had a specific job, such as cultivating the
P
land, looking after the animals or making tools and

weapons.
EI
► The Metal Ages
About six thousand

C
years ago, people learned to use metals. First, they used

copper and, later, bronze and iron, which were more
resistant.
Settlement became villages, which were surrounded by
walls for protection. Every village was run by a chieftain.
New inventions

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In the Metal Ages, three very important things were invented: the wheel, the sail and the
plough. The wheel enabled people to transport heavier goods by cart. The sail enabled boats to
move using wind energy. In time, boats became larger and could transport more people and
goods. The plough was pulled by animals. Therefore, people could plough larger areas of land
much faster.
► Prehistoric heritage
a
Prehistoric people were the first to:
at
* Use fires to cook their food and protect themselves form the cold.
* Make clay pots.
* Use animal hair and looms to make cloth.
or
* Create art forms, such as cave paintings.
► Megalithic
M
monuments
The people who lived

during this period
és
built monuments
with huge stones
called megaliths. For
this reason, they
in
are called megalithic

monuments. Many
G
people were needed

to build these
monuments. The
enormous stones were rolled on tree trunks by people pulling on ropes.
P
EI
C
Paleolithic Painting Neolithic Painting

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UNIT 13: PREHISTORY

ACTIVITIES
1.- Are the sentences true or false? Write T (true) or F (false).
a. Prehistory is the long period before the invention of the wheel. 
a
b. The Stone Age began about fi ve million years ago. 
at
c. In the Palaeolithic period, people moved from place to place. 

or
d. In the Neolithic period, people made pots and cloth.
e. In the Neolithic period, people built the fi rst cities. 
M
f. The Metal Ages began about ten thousand years ago. 
g. The wheel and the plough were invented during the Metal Ages. 
és
h. During the Metal Ages, craftsmen made weapons and jewellery. 
2.- Match
in
G

P
EI
During the
Neolithic Age, people learned to stone. Polished stone tools were more
C
than the roughly-made stone tools used during the Palaeolithic Age. Because of this, tools
became more . Neolithic people invented to turn the soil
, to cut grain and hand to grind it. Another important development during the
Neolithic Age was the making of . Cloth was made from the of
animals and was woven on machines called .

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4.- Write Palaeolithic, Neolithic or Metal Ages.
People lived in towns. 

People lived in villages. 
People lived in caves. 
a
People hunted and gathered fruit. 
at
People farmed and kept animals. 
People became soldiers and traders. 
or
People built megalithic monuments. 
People painted human figures on cave walls. 
M
People painted animals on cave walls. 
They made tools from polished stone 
They made tools from metal. 
és
They made simple tools from stone. 
in
5.- Write T (true) or F (false).
. 
G
The Metal Ages began around 3,000 years ago

The first metal objects were made using copper. 
People later used bronze and iron. 
P
People made objects including weapons, tools and ornaments. 

Metal objects were less resistant than objects made of stone. 
EI
6.- Name the metal objects in the photographs.

C

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UNIT 14: ANCIENT HISTORY
►The Iberians and the Celts
In pre-Roman times, two main groups of tribes
a
inhabited the peninsula:
at
 The Iberians lived in the east and south of
Spain. They were warriors, herders,
farmers, craftsmen, merchants and slaves.
or
 The Celts entered Spain from the north,
and generally settled in the north and
centre of Spain. Their tribes were divided
M
into family clans. They were herders and
farmers. They were also expert
metalworkers, who made jewellery,
weapons and tools.
és
The Celts mixed with the Iberians to form the Celtiberians.
 .
►Early colonists
in
The Phoenicians were traders from Asia. They settled on the south coast. In 1100 B.C. they
founded Gades (now Cádiz), the oldest city in Western Europe. They became important trading
G
partners of the Tartessians.
The Greeks settled on the Mediterranean

coast. They came to trade ceramic objects
P
for metals. They founded the cities of

Denia and Ampurias.
EI
The Carthaginians came from North

Africa to trade metals and cloth. They also
settled on the Mediterranean coast and
C
founded the city of Cartagena.

These colonising civilisations lived and
traded with the Celtiberians for centuries.
They left cultural legacies, such as the
alphabet and metal coins.

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►Roman Hispania
In 218 B.C. the Romans defeated the Carthaginians in a war for the control of the
Mediterranean Sea. However, the Romans did not complete their conquest of the Iberian
Peninsula until 19 B.C. because of resistance from peoples in the interior, north and west.
a
The peninsula became part of the Roman Empire and
was now called Hispania.
at
Its inhabitants gradually adopted Roman customs, and
they were ruled by Roman law.
They spoke Latin, the language of the Romans. Later,
or
they became Christians.
The governor of Hispania was a Roman. He was
responsible for keeping order and collecting taxes.
M
Iberian leaders joined the Roman aristocratic class,
and participated in government.
Hispano-Roman society
és
There were two groups of people in Hispano-Roman
society: free people and slaves.
Free people were very rich men and women, such as
in
important merchants, landowners and families from

Rome, and other more humble people, such as
craftsmen and small merchants and farmers. Free
G
people had rights and could take part in government.

Slaves were owned by another person. They worked
on the land, in domestic service or as gladiators at
the circus. Slaves had no rights.
P
Roman art
EI
The Romans were excellent builders. They used two

new materials for building: cement and concrete, which is a mixture of stones, cement and
C
sand. They built bridges, as well as aqueducts to carry water to the cities. To decorate floors
and walls, the Roman used paintings or made mosaics with tiles made of stone or coloured glass.

CEIP Ginés Morata
Almería
UNIT 14: ANCIENTE HISTORY

ACTIVITIES
1.- Unscramble the letters and write the words.
a
There were two groups of people living on the Iberian Peninsula in the first millennium B.C.; the
at
and the . Then, the first colonists arrived from the Mediterranean Sea: the
, the , and the .
or
2.- Read the sentences and circle the correct words.
M
a. The Iberians lived in the south and east / north and west of the Iberian Peninsula.
b. They lived in hill forts, which were fortified villages built in high places / by the sea.
c. Their houses were rectangular / round and organised in streets.

és
d. The Iberians lived in tribes / alone.
e. Many of the tribes were governed by a chieftain / a king.

in
f. Most of the population worked in farming and stockbreeding / fishing.
g. The Iberians were expert craftsmen / sailors.

G
3.- Write Iberian village or Celtic village.

P
EI
C

CEIP Ginés Morata
Almería
4.- Complete the chart.
a
at
5.- Write free person or slave.
or
M
és
in
G

P
EI
Once they had conquered , the Romans made it part of the Roman Empire.
C
They divided Hispania into . At first, there were three provinces: ,
and . Later, in the 3rd century A.D., there were two more
provinces and . . Each province was ruled by a .
The Romans introduced the of the Roman Empire throughout Hispania. Many of
today’s laws are based on these.

CEIP Ginés Morata
Almería

UNIT 15: THE MIDDLE AGES
►The Visigothic kingdom
Initially, the peninsula was controlled by both the
a
Visigoths and the Suevi, who inhabited the north-west.
The Visigothic kingdom was ruled by a king. One of the
at
most important Visigothic kings, Leovigild, made Toledo
the capital of the kingdom and conquered the Suevi. The
Visigothic kingdom lasted until 711 A.D. when Roderic, the
or
last Visigothic king, was defeated by the Muslims.
► The Muslim invasion
M
Muslims from northern Africa invaded Visigothic Spain in
711 A.D. It only took them a few years to defeat the
és
Visigoths. They occupied most of the peninsula and the
Balearic Islands. This territory was called Al Andalus, and
its capital was Cordoba.
Al Andalus became a province of the Muslim Empire and
in
was governed by the caliph of Damascus in Asia.
► The end of Al Andalus

G
The taifas fought among themselves and this helped the

Christians kingdoms to gain territory. New groups of Muslims came from Africa to reunite the
P
taifas. However, in 1212 the Christians defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Las Navas de
Tolosa. In 1492 the Catholic Monarchs conquered the only remaining Muslim kingdom, the
EI
Kingdom of Granada.
► The Christians kingdoms

C
The long period of expansion of the Christian kingdoms started only eleven years after the
Muslim invasion. It is called the Reconquest.
By around 1230, there were four large kingdoms in the Christian territory:
*The Kingdom of Portugal, which declared its independence from the kingdom of Leon.
*The Kingdom of Navarre, which included Navarre and part of La Rioja.

CEIP Ginés Morata
Almería
* The Crown of Aragon, which was formed by the Catalonian Counties, the Kingdom of Aragon,
Valencia and Majorca.
* The Crown of Castile, which included the Kingdom
of Castile and the kingdom of Leon. It later included
part of Andalusia.
In 1479, Isabella I of Castile married Ferdinand II
of Aragon, and the Crowns of Castile and Aragon
a
were united. In 1492, the Catholic Monarchs
conquered Granada, the last Muslim Kingdom on the
at
peninsula.
or
►Society in Al-Andalus
After conquering the Peninsula, the Moors were
M
tolerant towards Christians and Jews and allowed them to
continue to practise their religions and customs. As a result,
many Christians stayed in Al-Andalus. Only a few left and
went to the north of the Peninsula.
és
Al-Andalus society was very diverse. It was made up of people
from different religions.
The Moorish conquerors were the most powerful group. They
occupied government posts and owned the best lands.
in
The Muladi were Christians who accepted the Muslim religion.

Some of them converted so they would not have to pay taxes.
The Mozarabs were Christians who continued to practise
G
their religion.
The Jews were a minority. They lived in districts separated from the other inhabitants.
►Society in the Christians Kingdoms

P
There were two large groups of people in the Christian kingdoms: the privileged and the non-
privileged.
EI
Privileged people were the noblemen and the clergy. These

groups did not pay taxes. Noblemen lived in castles, owned
great properties and were very rich. The clergy were the
C
monks and nuns who lived in monasteries, and the priests

and bishops who looked after the churches.
The non-privileged had to pay taxes. This group was made
up of peasants, craftsmen and merchants. The peasants
formed the largest group. They lived in villages near the
castles. The majority of them cultivated the noblemens’
land. The craftsmen and the merchants lived in the cities.

CEIP Ginés Morata
Almería
UNIT 15: THE MIDDLE AGES

ACTIVITIES
1.- Circle the correct answer. Then, write the sentence.
The Visigoths were…  a. Muslims. b. a Germanic tribe.
a
at
The capital of the Visigoth kingdom was…  a. Toledo. b. Cordoba.
or
2.- Match the people to the descriptions.
M
és
in
G
3.- Look at the map of the Iberian Peninsula around 1200. Write the numbers next to
the places.
P
EI
C

CEIP Ginés Morata
Almería
4. Circle the correct option.
a. The highest authority of the Muslims was the king / caliph.
b. The religion of the Muslims was Latin / Islam.
c. The Christians lived in the countryside / cities in the north of the peninsula.
a
d. The Muslims built mosques / churches to practise their religion.
e. The first Christian kingdom was in Navarre / Asturias.
at
f. After the year 1000, Al Andalus broke up into small caliphs / taifas.
g. The Christian kingdoms prospered / weakened.
or
h. The Catholic Monarch conquered Córdoba / Granada in 1492.
M
5.- Match the sentence halves about life in Al-Andalus.
és
in
G
6.- Write T (true) or F (false).

P
EI
C

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SCIENCE

5th GRADE. MINIMUM CONTENTS

- The membrane is the covering around the cell.

- The cytoplasm is between the nucleus and the membrane.

- Cells form tissues:

- Tissues form organs:

Organs, such as the heart, are made up of tissues which

- Organs form systems:

Equipo de Bilingüismo Andrés Egea

The fungi kingdom

Fungi can be unicellular, but most are multicellular.. Like animals,

The bacteria kingdom

The fifth kingdom

UNIT 1: LIVING THINGS

1.- Name three living and three non-living things.

a. Three living things:

a.- are the smallest living units in a living thing.

b.-Living things which are made up of a single cell are

c. Living things which are made up of many cells are

d.-The is the covering around the cell.

e. The is the part which controls the cell.

f. is between the nucleus and the membrane.

g. Plant cells also have a hard cell around the membrane.

4.- Label this cell.

Equipo de Bilingüismo Andrés Egea

6. Identify and label the levels of organisation in living things.

Equipo de Bilingüismo Andrés Egea

5th GRADE. MINIMUM CONTENTS

Flowering plants are the biggest group of plants.

 Angiosperms have flowers and fruit.

the smallest group of plants.

 Mosses are small

Equipo de Bilingüismo Andrés Egea

► Seeds and fruit

Many plants can reproduce without flowers or seeds. This is called

Tubers are subterranean stems. When we plant a tuber, part of

Equipo de Bilingüismo Andrés Egea

UNIT 2: PLANTS KINGDOM

1. Match the two columns.

3. Order the stages of plant nutrition. Write 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Equipo de Bilingüismo Andrés Egea

4. Circle the correct option.

a. Flowers are the nutritional / reproductive organs of plants.

f. Sunlight / Wind can carry pollen to other plants.

Equipo de Bilingüismo Andrés Egea

5th GRADE. MINIMUM CONTENTS

An ecosystem consist of all the living things in a specific

* Forests, grasslands and deserts are terrestrial ecosystems.

are aquatic ecosystems

► Living things in an ecosystem

Equipo de Biingüismo Andrés Egea

►Relationships between living things: The Food Chain

Living things obtain food in different ways:

* Producers, such as plants and algae, make their food.

Equipo de Biingüismo Andrés Egea

1. Read the sentences and circle the correct words.

3. Number the living things to show the food chain.

Equipo de Biingüismo Andrés Egea

6. Complete the sentences.

algae aquatic ecosystem environment

a. An consists of all the living things in a specific environment

and their interaction with their .

b. The plants in an ecosystem are called .