Tarlac Christian College

Matatalaib, Tarlac City

S.Y 2018-2019

A DOUBLE-EDGED
SWORD

Submitted By:
Nina T. Paras

Submitted To:
Leo Nicko B. Adalem
 CHAPTER 1

Introduction
 Statement of The Problem

 Scope of Delimination
- Limitation
- Respondence

 Significant of The Study

- Benefit

 Definition of Terms
Introduction

Supplementing the medical model of depression, many researchers have begun to

conceptualize ways in which the historical legacies of racism and colonialism create
depressive conditions. Given the lived experiences of marginalized peoples, ranging from
conditions of migration, class stratification, cultural genocide, labor exploitation, and social
immobility, depression can be seen as a "rational response to global conditions", according to
Ann Cvetkovich.

Psychogeographical depression overlaps somewhat with the theory of "deprejudice", a

portmanteau of depression and prejudice proposed by Cox, Abramson, Devine, and Hollon in
2012, who argue for an integrative approach to studying the often comorbid experiences.
Cox, Abramson, Devine, and Hollon are concerned with the ways in which social stereotypes
are often internalized, creating negative self-stereotypes that then produce depressive
symptoms.

Unlike the theory of "deprejudice", a psychogeographical theory of depression attempts to

broaden study of the subject beyond an individual experience to one produced on a societal
scale, seeing particular manifestations of depression as rooted in dispossession; historical
legacies of genocide, slavery, and colonialism are productive of segregation, both material
and psychic material deprivation, and concomitant circumstances of violence, systemic
exclusion, and lack of access to legal protections. The demands of navigating these
circumstances compromise the resources available to a population to seek comfort, health,
stability, and sense of security. The historical memory of this trauma conditions the
psychological health of future generations, making psychogeographical depression an
intergenerational experience as well.

This work is supported by recent studies in genetic science which has demonstrated an
epigenetic link between the trauma suffered by Holocaust survivors and the genetic
reverberations for subsequent generations. Likewise, research by scientists at Emory
University suggests that memories of trauma can be inherited, rendering offspring vulnerable
to psychological predispositions for stress disorders, schizophrenia, and PTSD.

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder
characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations. It is
often accompanied by low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low
energy, and pain without a clear cause. People may also occasionally have false beliefs or see
or hear things that others cannot. Some people have periods of depression separated by years
in which they are normal, while others nearly always have symptoms present. Major
depressive disorder can negatively affect a person's personal life, work life, or education, as
well as sleeping, eating habits, and general health. Between 2–8% of adults with major
depression die by suicide, and about 50% of people who die by suicide had depression or
another mood disorder.

The cause is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological

factors. Risk factors include a family history of the condition, major life changes, certain
medications, chronic health problems, and substance abuse. About 40% of the risk appears to
be related to geneticsThe diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the person's
reported experiences and a mental status examination. There is no laboratory test for major
depression. Testing, however, may be done to rule out physical conditions that can cause
similar symptoms. Major depression is more severe and lasts longer than sadness, which is a
normal part of life. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
recommends screening for depression among those over the age 12, while a prior Cochrane
review found that the routine use of screening questionnaires has little effect on detection or
treatment.

Typically, people are treated with counseling and antidepressant medication. Medication
appears to be effective, but the effect may only be significant in the most severely depressed.
It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide. Types of counseling used include
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy. If other measures are not
effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be considered. Hospitalization may be
necessary in cases with a risk of harm to self and may occasionally occur against a person's
wishes.

Major depressive disorder affected approximately 216 million people (3% of the world's
population) in 2015. The percentage of people who are affected at one point in their life
varies from 7% in Japan to 21% in France. Lifetime rates are higher in the developed world
(15%) compared to the developing world (11%).It causes the second-most years lived with
disability, after lower back pain. The most common time of onset is in a person's 20s and 30s.
Females are affected about twice as often as males. The American Psychiatric Association
added "major depressive disorder" to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-III) in 1980. It was a split of the previous depressive neurosis in the DSM-
II, which also encompassed the conditions now known as dysthymia and adjustment disorder
with depressed mood. Those currently or previously affected may be stigmatized.
Statement of the Problem

- Depression is a common topic they used for research paper or thesis. It's a very
complex subject and one that offers many possible topics to focus on, which may leave you
wondering where to begin. But with the help of this simple research paper you will
understand the true meaning of anxiety or what do they call Depression. It shows here that
technology can ruin teenager’s life. It also proves that this study can be used as a basis to
determine the effect of the technology in our life. It can also be seen here how technology
trigger a person’s depression. How can depression be treated using the technology or it will
worsen the situation? There can be some apps that will help the depression to be treated
easily.

Technology is inescapable in the modern world. Few jobs remain that do not require daily
usage of a computer, social media has connected people around the world and the internet has
become the go-to source of information. Facebook has, in some ways, replaced the evening
news as people’s way of learning about global and national events. Instagram and YouTube
have created an entirely new breed of celebrity while the easy availability of photo editing
software has allowed a generation of models to look impossibly flawless on paper. The world
has become wired, and with the advent of smartphones, most people are plugged into the
virtual world from the moment they wake up in the morning.

Easy access to friends, family, news, recipes and information seems like it should be a good
thing, but recent studies have found that there is a dark and downright dangerous side to
being surrounded by technology at all hours of the day and night.

Extensive technology usage has been linked to stress, insomnia, anxiety and depression, and
some of the most positive features of the digital age are the cause of these serious problems.
The internet is full of information at all times, from useful facts about breaking news or
identifying a heart attack to baffling minutia such as how many bananas a person would have
to eat to suffer from potassium poisoning and heated debates about how long it would take
for zombies to overwhelm major cities.

Living surrounded by this deluge of information causes information overload. The brain
struggles to sift through the constant flow of information, and a person begins to live in a
state of subconscious stress and anxiety. This is because the brain is hardwired to filter
information, especially visual information such as the images and text that compose most of
the content on the internet. This compulsive and subconscious investigation is a holdover
evolutionary trait from when failing to correctly analyze visual information could lead to a
person getting eaten by a hungry lion.
The brain, however, is an extraordinarily adaptable organ. Eventually, it learns to more or
less keep up with the constant flow of information. In fact, it learns to expect the
overwhelming influx of new data, and being able to synthesize more information is better,
right? Wrong. The brain actually loses the ability to focus on one thing for a long period of
time because it is constantly expecting new stimulation. This is called “novelty addiction” or,
more colloquially, “popcorn brain.” Smartphones only worsen this neurological
overstimulation because the internet is at a person’s fingertips at all times.

Heavy cell phone usage can lead to smartphone addiction, a subset of internet addiction. In
fact, so many people suffer from this disorder that it has all but become the norm in society.
Think about it, how many people find it odd when a friend is twitchy all day because they
forgot their phone at home? Do people act surprised if the friend’s first reaction to getting
their phone back is to scroll frantically through their texts, emails and social media feeds to
see what they missed? In fact, the strange or rude person is the one who tells their supposed
conversation partner to put away their smartphone until the two are done talking.

SCOPE AND DELIMINATION

This topic will focus on technology and depression. Health status will take a big role on
defining depression cause by technology. Technology can have a large impact on users'
mental and physical health. Being overly connected can cause psychological issues such as
distraction, narcissism, expectation of instant gratification, and even depression. Besides
affecting users' mental health, use of technology can also have negative repercussions on
physical health causing vision problems, hearing loss, and neck strain. Fortunately, there are
steps that can be taken to help alleviate these health issues.

Everywhere you go, people are staring at their smartphones. But is all that screen time good
for you? Spoiler alert: it’s not. The good news is there is a solution, and it’s available
through that same smartphone.

Since 2012, there has been a “sudden increase in symptoms of depression, suicide risk factors
and suicide rates in teenagers,” which coincides with the rise of popularity of smartphones,
according to psychologist Jean Twenge, one of the authors of a recent study reported by
NPR. Twenge’s research found that teens who spend five or more hours per day on their
devices are “71 percent more likely to have one risk factor for suicide” no matter what they
are doing online. This phenomenon is not limited to teenagers. According to Anxiety.org,
researchers found that smartphone use was “associated with symptoms of anxiety and
depression, as well as increased stress. The more participants used their smartphones, the
more likely they were to experience symptoms associated with these disorders and report
being stressed.”
We all know that most of the teenagers have a smartphone or to be specific latest smartphone.
There’s a big difference on the culture before and the culture we have now. Smartphones are
the newest notebook of everyone. In just a simple click of camera you can capture anything
you want you can record and many more, unlike before that you need to write it down for you
to have a copy. With the help of technology many works can be done easily. But we don’t
know that technology is one of the reasons why there are so many teenagers experiencing
depression. Technology can ruined a child’s life. Technology gives bad effect on everyone
without us knowing it.

July 4, 1776: the United States declared independence from Britain.

July 20, 1969: humans landed on the moon.

November 9, 1989: the Berlin Wall came down.

As of 2019 : percentage of Suicidal attempt increases because of Depression

Base on my research, I gathered some data about the latest percentage of Depression. 52% of
the population are diagnosed with depression or severe anxiety. It estimated that 15% of that
are adult and the rest are teenager’s. and another 15% of the remaining is connected on cyber
bullying. Cyber Bullying is one of the best examples if you want to know the correlation
between technology and depression. The problem with teens and -smartphones, experts say,
is “they’re always on”.

Both of them.

Will we look back on June 29, 2007, as one of those watershed dates? Only time will tell, but
the day the first iPhone came out certainly changed our psyches forever.

Studies, magazine articles, and cultural rumblings tell us that technology is making us more
anxious. A new study of over 1 million American high school students found that teens who
spend more time on screens and less time on non-screen activities like face-to-face
socializing, exercise, or homework were psychologically worse off. What’s more, the study
found that when kids reported a shift to more screen-based activities, a decline in happiness
followed, implying a cause-and-effect relationship.
But how exactly does this happen? What is it about technology that allows it to wreak chaos
on our mental states? Here are five big reasons that technology makes us anxious.
1. Technology insulates us from small uncertainties, leaving us vulnerable to the biggies.

Uncertainty is the root of anxiety. We ask ourselves questions, hoping to rely on something
known: “What’s going to happen?” “What do they think of me?” “What if this goes badly?”
In some ways, technology takes away uncertainty. Smartphones allow us to control our world
and our consumption like never before. We can stay immersed in a controlled world of our
choosing for long stretches. We can be guided by Google Maps, read reviews before
spending money on trips or activities, rehearse answers to job interview questions using
Glassdoor, and review Evites to see exactly who’s on the guest list. But as a result, we log
less practice navigating an uncertain world.
You’d think that taking away uncertainty would make us less anxious. But instead, because
technology has lessened our experience handling uncertainty, we’re less prepared to deal with
ambiguity when it arises.
In the meantime, the world has become more uncertain for the big things like forging a career
and finding love. Secure employment is quickly becoming a thing of the past in the new gig
economy. And having access to zillions of potential partners through online dating services
keeps us anxious about whether or not we’ve truly found “the one” or if there’s a better
match a swipe away.
Therefore, combine a lack of experience dealing with small uncertainties with an expansion
of big uncertainties,it’s no wonder we feel anxious.

2. Technology allows us to avoid people (and the negative emotions that go with people).

Features and apps make our lives easier and more convenient, but one consequence of that
convenience is that it lessens our interaction with other people. For example, I saw an ad on
the subway for a food delivery service claiming to “Satisfy Your Craving for Zero Human
Contact.”
Sure, we all want to dodge the crowds and no one likes waiting in long lines, but when
people-avoidance becomes a default, we end up with a dearth of experience. For one thing,
we don’t have as much information about what is likely to happen when we spend time with
other people, so we default to predicting worst-case scenarios. Secondly, when we avoid
people, our confidence is shaky. We’re not sure how to handle things, think of ourselves as
awkward, and step back from future opportunities.