Arkansas Water Operator License Exam

Formula/Conversion Table
You will be provided a copy of this formula/conversion table to use during your license exam. You are also
allowed to use a calculator (No programmable calculators will be allowed.) during the exam. (Formula sheet last
modified October 16, 2003.)

Formulas
(mL of Titrant) (Acid Normality) (50,000)
Alkalinity =
mL of Sample

Area of Circle = (π) (Radius2) or (0.785) (Diameter2)

Area of Cylinder (Total Outside Surface Area) = [(π) (Radius2)] [# of Ends] + [(π) (Diameter) (Height)]

Area of Rectangle = (Length) (Width)

(Base) (Height)
Area of Triangle =
2

Sum of Measurements
Average =
Number of Measurements

(Desired Flow) (100%)

Chemical Feed Pump Setting, % Stroke =
Maximum Flow

(Flow, MGD)(Dose, mg / L)(3.785 L / gal)(1,000,000 gal / MG)

Chemical Feed Pump Setting, mL/min =
(Liquid, mg / mL)(24 hr / day)(60 min / hr)

(Dry Chemical Collected, grams)(60 min/hr)(24 hr/day)

Chemical Feeder Calibration, lbs/day =
(454 gm/lb)(Time, min)

Circumference of Circle = (π) (Diameter)

Volume (Volume of Tank, gals)(24 hrs/day)

Detention Time = or DT, hrs =
Flow Flow, gpd

Volume
Discharge Rate =
Time
E
(In − Out) (100%)
Efficiency, % = 100% -
In

E.M.F. (Electromotive Force), volts = (Current, amps) (Resistance, ohms) or E = IR

I R

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 Arkansas Water Operator License Exam -- Formula/Conversion Table
(Flow, MGD) (Dose, mg/L) (8.34lbs/gal)
Feed Rate (Dosage), lbs/day =
% Available
(Volume, MG) (Dosage, mg/L) (8.34 lbs/gal)
Feed Rate (Dosage), lbs =
% Available
(Dosage, mg / L) (Capacity, MGD)(8.34 lbs / gal)
Feed rate, lbs/day (Fluoride) =
(Available fluoride ion) (Purity)

(Plant capacity, gal / min) (Dosage, mg / L)

Feed rate, gal/min (Fluoride Saturator) =
(18,000 mg / L)

(Backwash Rate, GPM/sg ft) (12 in/ft)

Filter Backwash Rise Rate, in/min =
(7.48 gal/cu ft)

Water Drop, ft
Filter Drop Test Velocity, ft/min =
Time of Drop, min

Flow
Filter Flow Rate or Backwash Flow Rate =
Filter Area

Flow Rate, cfs = (Velocity, ft/sec) (Area, ft2)

Gallons / Day
Gallons/Capita/Day =
Population

(mL of EDTA Titrant) (1,000)

Hardness =
mL of Sample

(Flow, gpm) (Head, ft)

Horsepower Brake =
(3,960) (Pump Efficiency)

Horsepower Brake = (Motor Power Input, HP) (Motor Efficiency )

(Flow, gpm) (Head, ft)

Horsepower Motor =
(3,960) (Pump Efficiency ) ( Motor Efficiency )

(Flow, gpm) (Head, ft)

Horsepower Water =
(3,960)

Flow
Hydraulic Loading Rate =
Area

(Chlorine Required, lbs) (100%)

Hypochlorite Strength, % =
(Hypochlor ite Solution Needed, gal) (8.34 lbs/gal)

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 Arkansas Water Operator License Exam -- Formula/Conversion Table
Brake Horspower
Motor Efficiency % = (100%)
Motor Horsepower

Brake Horsepower
Motor Power Input =
% Motor Efficiency

Tank Volume, gal

Pump Capacity, gpm =
Pumping Time, min

(Water Horsepower) (100%)

Pump Efficiency % =
Brake Horsepower

(Original Flow - Reduced Flow)(100%)

Reduction in Flow, % =
Original Flow

Drop or Rise
Slope % = (100%)
Distance

Specific Weight of Substance, lbs/gal

Specific Gravity =
Specific Weight of Water, lbs/gal

Flow
Surface Loading Rate =
Area

Sum of Measurements, ug/L

Trihalomethanes Quarterly Average, ug/L =
Number of Measurements

Sum of Average TTHM for Four Quarters

Trihalomethanes Annual Running Average, ug/L =
Number of Quarters

Flow Distance
Velocity = or
Area Time

Volume of Rectangular Unit = (Length) (Width) (Height)

Volume of Cone = (1/3) (π) (Radius2) (Height)

Volume of Cylinder = (π) (Radius2) (Height)

Flow
Weir Overflow Rate =
Weir Length

Water Horsepower, HP
Wire-to-Water Efficiency, % = X 100%
Power Input, HP or Motor HP

(Flow, gpm) (Total Dynamic Head, ft) (0.746 kw/hp) (100%)

Wire-to-Water Efficiency % =
(3,960) (Kilowatt Demand) (Pump Efficiency)

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 Arkansas Water Operator License Exam -- Formula/Conversion Table
Conversion Factors and Acronym/Abbreviation Guide
Conversion Factors: Acronyms & Abbreviations:
π (pi) = 3.1416 cfs cubic feet per second
1 acre = 43,560 square feet ft feet
1 cubic foot = 7.48 gallons gal gallon
1 day = 1440 minutes gpd gallons per day
1 feet of head = 0.433 pound per square inch gpg grains per gallon
1 foot = 0.305 meters gpm gallons per minute
1 gallon = 3.785 liters gm gram
1 gallon = 8.34 pounds hp horsepower
1 grain per gallon = 17.1 mg/L hrs hours
1 gram = 1,000 milligrams kw kilowatt
1 horsepower = 0.746 kilowatts kg kilogram
1 kilogram = 1,000 grams lbs pounds
1 liter = 1,000 mL L liter
1 million gallons per day = 694 gallons per minute mg milligram
1 pound = 0.454 kilograms or 454 grams mg/L milligrams per liter
1 pound per square inch = 2.31 feet of water MG million gallons or 1,000,000 gallons
1 ppm = 1mg/L MGD million gallons per day
1% solution = 10,000 mg/L min minutes
Degrees Celsius = (Degrees Fahrenheit - 32) (5/9) mL milliliter
Degrees Fahrenheit = (Degrees Celsius) (9/5) + 32 ppm part per million
psi pounds per square inch
ug/L micrograms per liter

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