AUTO-TRANSFORMER

Prepared by: Dilsa L. Raya

1. An autotransformer is used to step-down from 240 V to 200 V. The complete

winding consists of 438 turns and the secondary delivers a load current of 15 A.
Determine (i) secondary turns (ii) primary current (iii)current in the secondary
winding . Neglect the effect of magnetizing current.
[(i) 365 turns (ii) 12.5 A
(iii)2.5 A]
Given:

Solution:

𝑁1 𝑉1 𝐼𝑠
a= = =
𝑁2 𝑉2 𝐼𝑝
240 15 𝑁1 𝑉1
= = 𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑝 + 𝐼𝑐
200 𝐼𝑝 𝑁2 𝑉2
438 240
𝑰𝒑 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 𝑨 = 15 =
𝑁2 200
12.5 + 𝐼𝑐
𝑵𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒔 𝑰𝒄 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝑨

2. An autotransformer supplies a load of 3 kW at 115 V at a unity power factor . If

the applied primary voltage is 230 v, calculate the power transferred to the load (i)
inductively (ii)conductively. [(i)1.5
kW (ii)1.5 kW]

Given:
𝑃𝑜 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 3 𝑘𝑊
𝑉2 = 115 𝑉
𝑉1 = 230 𝑉
230
a = 115 = 2

Solution :

1 1
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 (1 − ) = 3 𝑘𝑊 (1 − ) = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒌𝑾
𝑎 2
1 1
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 ( ) = 3 𝑘𝑊 ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒌𝑾
𝑎 2
 3. An autotransformer is to be loaded with 5 kW at 100 V and at a power factor of
unity. The voltage applied to the primary is 220 V. Calculate the power
transferred to the load (i) inductively (ii) conductively.
[(i)2727.27 W (ii)2272.72 W]

Given:

𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 5 𝑘𝑊
𝑉2 = 100 𝑉
𝑉1 = 220 𝑉
220
a= = 2.2
100

Solution:

1 1
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 (1 − ) = 5000𝑊 (1 − ) = 𝟐𝟕𝟐𝟕. 𝟐𝟕𝑾
𝑎 2.2
1 1
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 ( ) = 5000 𝑘𝑊 ( ) = 𝟐𝟐𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟐𝑾
𝑎 2

4. Two 11,000/2,200 V, 1-phase transformers are connected in parallel to supply a

total load of 200 at 0.8 p.f. lagging at 2200 V. One transformer has an equivalent
resistance of 0.4 Ω and equivalent reactance of 0.8 Ω referred to the low- voltage
side . The other has equivalent resistance of 0.1 Ω and a reactance of 0.3 Ω.
Determine the current and power supplied by each transformer.

Given:

𝑍1 = 0.4 + 𝑗0.8Ω

𝑍2 = 0.1 + 𝑗0.3𝛺

𝐼𝐿 = 200 𝐴

Solution:

𝑍2 0.1 + 𝑗0.3
𝐼𝐴 = 𝐼𝐿 ( ) = (200 < −36.87) ( ) = 𝟓𝟐 𝑨
𝑍1 + 𝑍2 (0.4 + 𝑗0.8) + (0.1 + 𝑗0.3)

𝐼𝐵 = 𝐼𝐿 − 𝐼𝐴 = 200 − 52 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖 𝑨
 5. A 2000 kVa transformer (A) is connected parallel with a 4000-kVA transformer
(B) to supply a 3-phase load of 5000 kVA at 0.8 p.f. lagging. Determine the kVA
supplied by each transformer assuming equal no-load voltages. The percentage
volt drops in the windings at the rated loads are as follows:
Transformer A : resistance 2%; reactance 8%
Transformer B : resistance 1.6%; reactance 3%

Given :

𝑍1 = 2 + 𝑗8Ω

𝑍2 = 1.6 + 𝑗3Ω

𝑆𝐿 = 5000𝑘𝑉𝐴

Solution:
𝑍2𝑛𝑒𝑤 2000 1
= 4000 = 2
𝑍2𝑜𝑙𝑑

𝑍2𝑛𝑒𝑤 = (1.6 + 𝑗3Ω)(1/2) = 0.8 +j1.5Ω

𝑍2 0.8 + 𝑗1.5
𝑆𝐴 = 𝑆𝐿 ( ) = (5000 < −36.87) ( ) = 𝟓𝟐 𝑨
𝑍1 + 𝑍2 (2 + 𝑗5) + (0.8 + 𝑗1.5)

𝑺𝑨 = 𝟖𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑽𝑨 → 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐𝟓 𝒍𝒂𝒈𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈

𝑆𝐿 = 𝑆𝐴 + 𝑆𝐵

𝑆𝐵 = 𝑆𝐿 − 𝑆𝐴 = 5000 − 860

𝑺𝑩 = 𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑽𝑨 → 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐𝟓 𝒍𝒂𝒈𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈

6. A 2400/2200 auto-transformer delivers a load of 90.5 kW at a pf of 0.75.
Calculate the current in each winding section at the kVA rating of the transformer.

Solution:

𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝐼1 = ( )
𝑉1

90.5 𝑘𝑊
𝐼1 = 0.75 = 50.3 𝐴
2400

90.5 𝑘𝑊
𝐼2 = 0.75 = 54.8 𝐴
2200

𝐼𝑐 = 𝐼2 − 𝐼1 = 54.8 − 50.3 = 𝟒. 𝟓 𝑨

1 90.5 𝑘𝑊 1
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 (1 − ) = (1 − ) = 𝟏𝟎 𝑾
𝑎 0.75 1.09
1 90.5 𝑘𝑊 1
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 (𝑎) = (1.09) 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟕 𝑾
0.75

𝐾𝑉𝐴𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑉1 𝐼1 = 2400(50.3) = 𝟏𝟐𝟎. 𝟕𝟐 𝑽𝑨

7. Two, 2200/110 V, transformer are operated in parallel to share a load of 125 kVA
at 0.8 power factor lagging. Transformers are rated as below:
A: 100 kVA ; 0.9% resistance and 10% reactance
B: 50 kVA ; 1.0% resistance and 5% reactance
Find the load carried by each transformer.

Solution:

𝑍𝑎 0.9+𝑗10 (0.9+𝑗10)(2.9−𝑗10)
= = = 0.4968 < 3.1°
𝑍𝑎 + 𝑍𝑏 2.9+𝑗20 2.92 +202

𝑍𝑏 (+𝑗0)(2.9 − 𝑗10)
= = 0.504 < −3.1°
𝑍𝑎 + 𝑍𝑏 2.92 + 202

cos ∅ = 0.8 ∅ = cos −1(0.8) = 36.9 °

𝑍2
𝑆𝐴 = 𝑆𝐿 ( ) = 125 < −36.9° 𝑥 0.504 < −3.1° = 63 < −40°
𝑍1 + 𝑍2

𝑍1
𝑆𝐵 = 𝑆𝐿 ( ) = 125 < −36.9° 𝑥 0.4968 < −3.1° = 62.1 < −33.8°
𝑍1 + 𝑍2
8. Two transformers A and B are joined in parallel to the same load. Determine the
current delivered by each transformer having given : open-circuit emf 6600 V for
A and 6400 V for B. Equivalent leakage impedance in terms of the secondary =
0.3 + j3 for A and 0.2 + j1 for B.

Solution:

𝐸𝐴 𝑍𝐵 + (𝐸𝐴 − 𝐸𝐵 )𝑍𝐿
𝐼𝐴 =
𝑍𝐴 𝑍𝐵 + 𝑍𝐿 (𝑍𝐴 − 𝑍𝐵 )

6600(0.2 + 𝑗1) + (6600 − 6400)(8 + 𝑗6)

𝐼𝐴 = = 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝑨
(0.3 + 𝑗3)(0.2 + 𝑗1) + (8 + 𝑗6)(0.3 + 𝑗3 + 0.2 + 𝑗1)

𝐸𝐵 𝑍𝐴 − (𝐸𝐴 − 𝐸𝐵 )𝑍𝐿
𝐼𝐵 =
𝑍𝐴 𝑍𝐵 + 𝑍𝐿 (𝑍𝐴 + 𝑍𝐵 )

6400(0.3 + 𝑗3) − (6600 − 6400)(8 + 𝑗6)

𝐼𝐴 = = 𝟒𝟐𝟏 𝑨
(0.3 + 𝑗3)(0.2 + 𝑗1)(8 + 𝑗6) + (0.5 + 𝑗4)