LL.B.

3 Year

Hashmi College of Law

Hakeem Mehtab Uddin
Semester - Ist
Tutorial Assignment Work
December 2018-19

Hakeem Mehtab Uddin Hashmi College of Law

Dhanoura Road, Amroha 244221
 LL.B. Ist Semester
Assignment Submission Date
__/__ /2018

Subject wise submit to

Constitutional Law - Ist - Dr. Noor Ali Ansari
Law of Contract – Ist - Mr. Mohammad Tariq
Family Law – Ist (Hindu Law)- Dr. Ripu Daman Pratap Singh
Law of Crimes (I. P. C.) - Miss Shahnaz Akhtar
Law of Torts - Mr. Mohammad Haroon
 Guidelines regarding Tutorial Assignment Files
1. Students have to make a file under the name of tutorial assignment it
will carry 10 marks for each subject.
2. Every tutorial assignment file must contain not less than 60 pages.
3. Students must prepare assignment in his / her own handwriting, if
prepared by another will not be accepted.
4. Assignment will submitted in the scheduled date by the student
himself.
5. Award of Marks will be subject to attendance, Discipline, curricular
activities etc.
6. Use A4 size plain/ruler paper.
7. Index of the content must be prepared and pages must also be
numbered properly.
8. Front Page preferably printed.
 Home Assignment
LL.B. Semester & B.A.LL.B. IInd
Ist
Constitutional Law - Ist
(MH17-18) MM 10
Note: Attempt all questions.
Assignment will be submitted by the student on the scheduled date as will be noticed through notice board.

Q. 1. What do you mean by Parliamentary form of Government? What are the characteristics of such
Government? Discuss with the help of relevant provisions of the Constitution of India.
Ikz0 1- lalnkRed Lo:Ik dh ljdkj ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ bl izdkj dh ljdkj dh D;k fo”ks’krk,a gSa Hkkjrh; lafo/kku
ds lqlaxr izko/kkuksa dh lgk;rk ls o.kZu dhft,A
OR
Distinguish between Parliamentary and Presidential form of Government. And illustrate at least five
countries where Parliamentary form of Governments exists.
lalnkRed ,oa v/;{kkREkd Lo:Ik dh ljdkjksa esa vUrj dhft,A vkSj de ls de ik¡p ns”kksa tgk¡ ij lalnh; Lo:Ik
dh ljdkjs gSa dk mnkgj.k nhft,A
Q. 2. The President of India is Chief executive of the country. The constitution gives him certain powers and
privileges, is the president free to exercise them? Discuss with the help of relevant provisions of the
Constitution.
Ikz0 2- Hkkjr dk jk’Vªifr ns”k dk eq[; dk;Zikyd gSA lafo/kku mldks dqN “kfDr;k¡ ,oa fo”ks’kkf/kdkj iznku djrk gS] D;k
jk’Vªifr mudk iz;ksx djus ds fy;sa LorU= gS\ lafo/kku ds lqlaxr izko/kkuksa dh lgk;rk ls o.kZu dhft,A
Q. 3. “The fundamental basis of the Parliamentary form of Government is the responsibility of the Executive
to the Legislature for all actions”. What do you mean by individual as well as collective responsibility of
ministers?
Ikz0 3- ßlalnh; Lo:Ik dh ljdkj dk eq[; vk/kkj dk;Zikfydk dh leLr dk;ksZa ds fy, fo/kkf;dk ds izfr mÙkjnkf;Ro gSÞ
eaf=;ksa ds O;fDrxr ,oa lkewfgd mÙkjnkf;Ro ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\
Q. 4. Discuss the procedure followed for the election and removal of the President in India. Discuss both the
processes lucidly with help of Constitutional provisions.
Ikz0 4- Hkkjr ds jk’Vªifr ds pquko ,oa gVkus tkus gsrq viukbZ tkus okyh izfØ;k dk o.kZu dhft,A lafo/kku ds izko/kkuksa dh
lgk;rk ls nksukas izfØ;kvksa dk Li’V o.kZu dhft,A
Q. 5. Discuss the legislative procedure followed by the Parliament in passing a Bill.
Ikz0 5- laln }kjk v/;kns”k ikfjr djus gsrq viuk;h tkus okyh izfØ;k dk o.kZu dhft,A
Or
What do you mean by distribution of legislative power? Discuss the constitutional provisions which
distribute the legislative powers between union and states.
fo/kk;h “kfDr;ksa ds foHkktu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ lafo/kku ds mu izko/kkuksa o.kZu dhft;s tks la?k ,oa jkT;ksa ds
chp fo/kk;h “kfDr;ksa dk foHkktu djrs gSaA
Q. 6. There are some abnormal situations stated in the Constitution which enable to the President for
proclamation of Emergency. What kinds of Emergencies can be imposed? Discuss the consequences of
National Emergency.

Ikz0 6- lafo/kku ds vUrxZr dqN ,slh vlkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS tksfd jk’Vªifr dks vkikrdky dh
mn~?kks’k.kk djus ds fy;s “kfDRk iznku djrh gSaA fdrus izdkj ds vkikrdky ykxw fd;s tk ldrs gSa \ jk’Vªh;
vkikrdky ds ifj.kkeksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
Q. 7. Free and Fair election is the basis of healthy democracy, for this purpose Article 324 of the
Constitution provides for an Election Commission of India. Discuss the Powers, functions and Service
conditions of Chief Election Commissioner of India.

Ikz0 7- Lora= ,oa fu’i{k pquko LoLFk iztkra= dk vk/kkj gS ] bl mn~ns”; gsrq lafo/kku dk vuq0 324 ,d Hkkjrh; fuokZpu
vk;ksx dk micU/k djrk gSA Hkkjr ds eq[; fuokZpu vk;qDr dh “kfDr;ksa] dk;ksaZ ,oa lsok “krksZa dk o.kZu dhft,A
Q. 8. “Checking of Accounts and Assessing the soundness of the financial transactions of the Executive is the
specialized job for which the Constitution through Articles 148-151 makes provisions for a
Comptroller Auditor General of India”. In the light to above statement discuss the duties, Powers and
conditions of services of this constitutional body.

Ikz0 8- dk;Zikfydk ds [kkrksa dk fujh{k.k ,oa foRrh; ysunsu dh mi;qDrk dk ewY;kadu djuk ,d fof”k’V dk;Z gS ftlds
fy, vuq0 148&151 ,d egkys[kk fujh{kd dk micU/k djrk gS] bl dFku ds izdk”k esa bl lafo/kkfud fudk; dh
“kfDr;ksa] dk;ksaZ ,oa lsok “krksZa dk o.kZu dhft,A
Q. 9. Write short notes on any five of the following-

(i) Money Bill /ku fo/ks;dA

(ii) Doctrine of Pith & Substance lkj&rRo dk fl)kUrA
(iii) Doctrine of Colourable Legislation Nnu fo/kk;u dk fl)kUrA
(iv) Federalism la?kkRed oknA
(v) Inter-State River Disputes Resolution Tribunal vUrjZkT;h; unh fookn fucVkjk U;k;kf/kdj.k
(vi) Central Administrative Tribunal dsUnzh; iz”kklfud U;k;kf/kdj.k
(vii) Union Public Service Commission la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx
(viii) National Commission for Schedule Tribes jk’Vªh; vuqlfw pr tutkfr vk;ksx
(ix) Vice President mijk’Vªifr
(x) Finance Commission foRr vk;ksx
 Home Assignment
Law of Contract- Ist
LL.B. Ist Semester & B.A.LL.B. Ist Semester MM: 05

Note: Attempt any 5 Question uksV% fdUgh 5 iz”uksa ds mRrj nhft,

Q.1 Write short note on the following: iz01 fuEufyf[kr ij la{ksi es fVIi.kh dhft,%
(a) Proposal ¼d½ izLrko
(b) Acceptance ¼[k½ Lohd`fr
(c) Offer and Invitation to an offer ¼x½ izLrko vkSj izLrko ds fy, vkeU=a.k
(d) Privity of Contract ¼?k½ lafonk dh lehI;rk dk fl)kUr
(e) Coercion ¼³½ izihM+u
(f) Fraud ¼p½ diV
Q.2 Discuss with illustration and relevant cases the nature of minors agreement.
iz02 mnkgj.kksa ,oa lqlx
a r oknksa lfgr vO;Ld ds }kjk fd;s x;s djkjksa dh izd`fr dk o.kZu dhft,A

Q.3 Explain Consideration. What are its essential elements? “An agreement without
consideration is Void”. Discuss with the help of decided cases.
iz03 izfrQy “kCn dh O;k[;k dhft,A blds vko”;d rRo D;k gSaA Þfcuk izfrQy djkj “kwU; gSaÞA fu.khZr oknksa dh
lgk;rk ls foospuk dhft,A

Q.4 Discuss the Law relating to frustration of Contract under Indian Contract Act. What are the
grounds of frustration? Give relevant Case Law.
iz04 Hkkjrh; lafonk vf/kfu;e ds rgr lafonk dh foQyrk lsa lEcaf/kr fof/k dk mYys[k dhft,A foQyrk ds vk/kkj
D;k gS\ fuf.kZr okn }kjk nhft,A

Q.5 What do you meant by Contingent Contract? Distinguish between Contingent Contract and
Wagering agreement.
iz05 lekfJr lafonk ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ lekfJr lafa onk ,oa ia|e rkSj ds djkj esa vUrj dhft,A

Q.6 what are the agreements declared as void? Briefly explain each of them.
iz06 dkSu ls djkj “kwU; ?kksf’kr djkj gS\ izR;sd dks la{ksi es le>kb;sAa

Q.7 Define Quasi Contract. State the Quasi Contracts mentioned in Indian Contract Act 1872.
iz07 v)Z lafonk dks ifjHkkf’kr dhft,A Hkkjrh; lafonk vf/kfu;e] 1872 esa of.kZr v/kZ lafonkvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

Q.8 What do you mean by Specific Relief? Discuss the provisions relating to preventive relief
under the Specific Relief Act, 1963.
iz08 fofuZfn’V vuqrks’k ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ fofufnZ’k` vuqrks’k ds vUrZxr fuokjd vuqrks’k ls lEcaf/kr izko/kkuksa dk
mYys[k dhft,A

Q.9 Discuss the principles of award of damages caused by breach of contract U/S 73 and 74 of
the Indian Contract Act, 1872.
iz09 Hkkjrh; lafonk vf/kfu;e] 1872 dh /kkjk 73 o 74 es of.Zkr lafonk Hkax ls dk;Zjr uqdlkuh ds fl)kUrksa dh
foospuk dhft,A
 Home Assignment
LL.B. Ist Semester & B.A.LL.B. Vth
Family Law - Ist (Hindu Law)
Note: Attempt any six questions. uksV & fdUgh 6 iz”uksa ds mRrj nhft;sa

Q.1 What are the various source of Hindu Law?

iz01 fgUnw fof/k ds fofHkUu L=ksr dkSu dkSu ls gSa\ fo:rkjiwoZd crkvksAa
Q.2 Discuss the nature of Hindu Marriage and what are the conditions for a Valid Marriage
iz02 fgUnw fookg dh izd`fr crkvksAa oS/k fookg dh vko”;d “krsZ D;k gSa \
Q.3 What do you mean by Divorce U/S 13 of Hindu Marriage Act, 1955? Distinguish between Divorce &
Judicial Separation.
iz03 fgUnw fookg vf/kfu;e 1955 dh /kkjk 13 ds vUrZxr fookg foPNsn ¼rykd½ ls vki D;k le>rs gSaA fookg foPNsn
rFkk U;kf;d izFkddj.k esa vUrj crkvksAa
Q.4 What are the various kinds of Guardianship? Discuss
iz04 laj{kd ds fofHkUu izdkj D;k gSa\ le>kvksAa
Q.5 What is adoption? Can a maidn female adopt a child? What changes taken place in this regard in 1976?
iz05 nRrd xzg.k D;k gS\ D;k vfookfgrk }kjk cPpk xksn fy;k tk ldrk gSa\ bl lEcU/k esa lu~ 1976 esa D;k ifjorZu
fd;s x;sa gSa\
Q.6 Distinguish between coparcenary and joint Hindu Family?
iz06 lgnkd;dh ,oe~ la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj esa vUrj Li’V dhft;sAa
Q.7 What do you meant by Partition? Discuss the rule of Re-union and Re Openin this regard. Which property
may or may not be the subject matter of partition. Discuss
iz07 foHkktu ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ foHkktu ds lEcU/k esa iqu% la;qDrhdj.k ,oa iqufoHkktu ds fu;eksa dh O;k[;k
dhft,A dkSu lh lEifRr foHkktu dh fo’k; oLrq gks ldrh gSa vkSj dkSu ugh] le>kb;sAa
Q.8 Who is Karta? Discuss the position, power and liabilities of Karta.
iz08 drkZ dkSu gSa\ drkZ dh fLFkfr] “kfDr;ksa ,oa nkf;Roksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
Q.9 Under what circumstance can Hindu Wife obtain maintenance from her husband? When she is entitled to
live separately from her Husband and claim maintenance and when she cannot claim for the maintenance on
separate residence? Whether are unchaste wife can get maintenance from her husband? Discuss
iz09 fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ,d fgUnw iRuh vius ifr ls Hkj.k iks’k.k izkIr dj ldrh gSa\ dc og vius ifr ls izFkd
jgdj Hkh Hkj.k iks’k.k dh ekWx dj ldrh gSa\ rFkk dc Hkj.k iks’k.k dh ekWx ugh dj ldrh gSa\ D;k ,d “khy Hkz’V
iRuh vius ifr ls Hkj.k iks’k.k izkIr dj ldrh gSa foospuk dhft,A
Q.10 Briefly discuss the law of intestate succession to the property of a deceased male a female Hindu.
iz010 ,d fgUnw e`r iq:’k ,oa L=h dh lEifRr ds fuoZlh;r mRrjkf/kdkj ls lEcfU/kr fof/k dh laf {kIr foospuk dhft,A
Q.11 What is the difference between Void marriage & Voidable marriage?
iz011 “kwU; ,oa “kwU; dj.kh; fookg esa vUrj crkb;sAa
 Home Assignment
B.A.LL.B. IVth & LL.B. Ist
Law of Crimes – Ist (Indian Penal Code)
iz0 1 &vijk/k dks ifjHkkf’kr dhft, rFkk vijk/k ds vko‛;d rRo crkbZ,As
Define Crime and explain its essential elements.
iz0 2 &O;fDrxr izfrj{kk dk vf/kdkj O;fDr esa vUrfuZfgr gSAfdUrq bldk rjhdk+ ,ao cy iz;ksx dh lhek fof/k
}kjk fu;fer gksrh gSA bl dFku ds izdk‛k esa ‚kjhj rFkk lEifRRk ds O;fDrxr izfrj{kk dk vf/kdkj
le>kb,sAa
Right to private defense is inherent in a man but the kind and amount of force is
regulated by law in the light of this statement. Explain the right of private defense of
the body and property.
iz0 3& dc vijkf/kd ekuo o| gR;k ugh gksrk\ dsl ykW dh lgk;rk ls le>kb,sAa
When dose culpable homicide not amount to murder. Discuss with the help of case
law.
iz0 4&lkekU; vk‛k; ¼/kkjk 34½ o lkekU; mnns‛; ¼/kkj 149½ dks ifjHkkf’kr djrs gq, nksuks esa vUrj crkb,A
Define common intention (u/s 34) and common object (see 149) and distinguish both.
iz0 5&¼d½ nq’izsj.k dks mnkgj.k lfgr ifjHkkf’kr dhft, D;k nq’izsj.k dh rS;kjh nq’izsj.k gSA vFkok ugh o.kZu
dhft,A
Define abetment which example whether preparing to abet is abetment or not?
Discuss.
¼[k½nq’izsjd dkSu gS\ D;k ,d nq’izsd nq’izsfjr dk;Z ds fy, vkSj fd;s x;s dk;Z ds vkadfyr n.M ls n.Muh;
gSAmnkgj.k nsrs gq,s mRrj nhft,A
Who is an abetter? Whether an abettor shall be liable to cumulative punishment for act
abetted and for act done? Illustrate your answer.
iz0 6& pksjh dks ifjHkkf’kr djrs gq, blds vko‛;d rRoksa dks dsl ykW ds ek/;e ls le>kb, D;k dksbZ O;fDr
viuh gh lEifRRk dh pksjh dj ldrk gS\ le>kb,A
Define the offence of theft. Discuss its essential elements with the help of decided
cases whether a person may theft of his own property?
iz0 7& vkijkf/kd ‘kM;Urz dks ifjHkkf’kr dhft, ‘kM;Urz fof/k dh U;k;ksfprrk D;k gS lEk>kb,A
Define criminal conspiracy what is the justification of law of conspiracy? Explain.
iz0 8& fof/k fo#} teko dks ifjHkkf’kr dhft, ,ao cYok djus ls bldk vUrj dhft,A
Define unlawful assembly and distinguish with rioting
iz0 9& fuEu ij fVIIk.kh dhft,&
¼1½ RkF; dh vufeKrk {kE; gks ldrh gS fdUrq fof/k dh ugh mnkgj.k nhft,A
Ignorantia facit excusat ignorantia juris non excusat give example
¼2½ fod`rfpRRkk dk cpko ¼/kkjk ¼84½½
Define of unsondsness of mind
¼3½ dsoy dk;Z fdlh dks vijk/kh ugh cukrk ;fn mldk eu Hkh vijk/kh u gks la{ksi esa crkb,sA
Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea Discuss briefly
¼4½ lnks’k vojks/k rFkk lnks’k ifjjks/k dh ifjHkk’kk o vUrj
Define and distinguish wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement
¼5½ O;igj.k RkFkk vigj.k ds vUrj
Difference between kidnapping and abduction
¼6½ ¼d½ Ny ¼[k½ fjf’V ¼x½ geyk ¼?k½ ?kksj migkfr
(a) Cheating (b) Mischief (d) Assault (e) Grievous Hurt
¼7½ tkjdeZ Adultery
¼8½ x`g vfrpkj ,ao x`g Hksnu Criminal Trespass and House Breaking
¼9½ yTtk Hkaxk ,ao ihNk djuk Modesty and Stalking
iz0 10&¼d½ “v” “?k” dks ncksp ysrk gS vkSj “?k” ds diM+s esa ls “t” dk /ku vkSj vkHkw’k.k “t” dh lEEkfr ds
fcuk diViwodZ fudky ysrk gS “v” us dkSu lk vijk/k fd;k gSA
“A” hold “Z” down and fraudulently takes “Z” money and jewels from “Z” clothes without “Z”
consent. What offence has “A” committed?
¼[k½ U;k;ky; dk vkfQ+lj “d” “e” dks fxjQ+rkj djus ds fy, bl U;k;ky; }kjk vkns‛k fd;s tkus
ij vkSj lE;d tkWPk ds i‛pkr ;g fo‛okl djds fd “;” “e” gS ; dks fxjQrkj dj ysrk gS “d”
us dkSulk vkjk/k fd;k gS\
“A” an officer of a court of justice being ordered by that court to arrest “Y” and after due enquiry,
believing Z to be “Y” arrests “Z”. What offence A has committed?
¼x½ “;” dks ,d ck?k mBk ys tkrk gS ;g tkurs gq, fd lEHkkO; gS fd xksyh yxus ls “;” ej tk,
fdUrq “;” dk o/k djus dk vk‛k; u j[krs gq, lnHkkouk iwod Z “;” ds Qk+;ns ds vk‛k; ls “d”
ml ck?k ij xksyh pykrk gS “d” dh xksyh ls “;” dks e`R;q dkjd ?kko gks tkrk gS “d” us dkSu
lk vijk/k fd;k gSA
“Z” is carried off “Y” a tiger. “A” fires at the tiger knowing it to be likely that the short may kill “Z”
but not intending to kill “Z” and in good faith intending “Z” benefit. “A”s bullet gives “Z” a mortal
wound. What offence has a committed .
¼?k½ “d” ,d Hkou ds ckgj tkus ds }kjksa ij cUnwd /kkjh euq’;ksa dks cSBk nsrk gS vkSj “;” ls ;g dg
nsrk gS fd ;fn fd ;fn “;” Hkou ds ckgj tkus dk iz;Ru djsxk rks og “;” dks xksyh ekj nsxas
“d” us dkSu “l” vijk/k fd;k gSA
“A” places man with fireman at the outlets of a building and tells “Z” that the will fire at “Z” if “Z”
attempt to leave the building. What offence has a committed?
¼M+½ “d” ,d lUnwd rksM+dj [kksyrk gS vkSj mlesa ls dqN vkHkw’k.k pqjkus dk iz;Ru djrk gS lUnwd bl
izdkj [kksyus ds Ik‛pkr mls Kkr gksrk gS fd mlesa dksbZ vkHkw’k.k ugh gS “d” us dkSu “l” vijk/k
fd;k gSA
“A” makes an attempt to steal some jewel by breaking open a box and finds after so opening the box
that there is no jewel in it. What offence a has committed.
¼p½ “v” us “c” dks ftldh frYyh c<+h gqbZ Fkh] Bksdj ekjnh ftlds ifj.kke Lo#i “c” dh frYyh
QV xbZ rFkk “c” dh e`R;w gks xbZA c<+h gqbZ frYyh dk rF; “v” dks Kkr ugh Fkk “v” us dkSu
lk vijk/k ;fn dksbZ gks fd;k gSA
“A” gives a kick to “B” who had an enlarged spleen. As a result of the kick
spleen was ruptured and “B” died. The fact of enlarged spleen was not known to
“A”. What offence if any has been committed by “A”
 Home Assignment
LL.B. / B.A.LL.B. IVth Semester
Ist
Law of Torts including M.V. Accident and Consumer Protection Laws
(MH17-18) MM 10

Note: Attempt all questions.

Assignment will be submitted by the student on the scheduled date as will be noticed through notice
board.

Q. 1. Define “Tort” and explain its essential elements. Illustrate those wrongful acts which fall under ‘Tort’
and ‘Crime’ both.

iz”u- 1- vid`R; dks ifjHkkf’kr dhft, ,oa blds vko”;d rRoksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A mu vid`R;ksa dk
mnkgj.k nhft, tks vid`R; ,oa vijk/k nksuksa ds vUrxZr vkrs gSaA
OR

Explain the following maxims and distinguish between them-

fuEufyf[kr dgkorksa dh O;k[;k dhft, ,oa nksuksa ds chp vUrj Li’V dhft,A
(i) Injuria sine Damnum. {kfr fcuk gkfu
(ii) Damnum sine Injuria. gkfu fcuk {kfr
Q. 2. What do you mean by General Defence available in Law of Torts? Discuss with the help of decided cases.

iz”u- 2- vid`R; fof/k ds vUrxZr miyC/k lkekU; cpkoksa ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ fu.khZr oknksa dh lgk;rk
ls o.kZu dhft,A
Q. 3. ‘Vicarious liability is based on ‘social convenience and rough justice’ Comment. And state the conditions
when this principle may be applied.

iz”u- 3- izfrfuf/kRo nkf;Ro lkekftd lqfo/kk ,oa vLi’V U;k; ds fl)kUr ij vk/kkfjr gS fVIi.kh dhft,A
,oa mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, ftuesa mDr fl)kUr ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gSA
OR

Explain the principle of Strict Liability and exceptions to this rule as laid down in Rayland vs. Fletchure 1868
H.L.

Rayland vs. Fletchure 1868 H.L. ds ekeys esa izfrikfnr dBksj nkf;Ro dk fu;e ,oa blds vioknksa dh
O;k[;k dhft,A
Q. 4. Defamation is a tort which affects the reputation of a person. Discuss the elements requisite in tort of
Defamation. Which Defences are available in case of ‘Defamation’?

iz”u- 4- ekugkfu ,d ,Slk vid`R; gS tks O;fDr dh [;kfr dks izHkkfor djrk gSA ekugkfu ds vid`R; esa
vko”;d rRoksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A ekugkfu ds ekeys esa dkSu ls cpko miyC/k gSa\
 OR

“Remoteness of damages is a well known principle of Law of Torts which is applied to measure the
proximity of the damages, if the damages are nearer consequence of the incident, the defendant will be held
liable and if are too remote then will be discharged from liability.” Discuss with the help of the tests adopted
by the courts to determine the proximity and remoteness of damages.

ß{kfr dh nwjLFrk vid`R; fof/k dk ,d tkuk igpkuk fl)kUr gS tksfd {kfr dh nwjh ekius gsrq iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gS] ;fn {kfr ?kVuk dk fudVLFk ifj.kke gS rks izfroknh mlds fy, nkf;Rok/khu gksxk vkSj ;fn og
vfrnwjLFk gS rks nkf;Ro mls mUeqDr gks ldsxkAÞ mu fu;eksa dh lgk;rk ls tks fd U;k;ky;ksa us {kfr dh
nwjLFkk ,oa fudVrk dks tkuus ds fy, viuk, gSa O;k[;k dhft,A
Q. 5. Explain the Rule of ‘Absolute Liability’ evolved by the Supreme Court in M.C. Mehta v. Union of India,
1987.

iz”u- 5- iw.kZ nkf;Ro dk fl)kUr tks fd mPpre U;k;kye us M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, 1987. ds okn esa
izfrikfnr fd;k Fkk dh O;k[;k dhft,A
Or

Discuss the relevant provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 which are based on Absolute Liability.

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dhft,A
Q. 6. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 is a march in India towards the “Consumerism”. Discuss.

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Or

What are the salient features of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986?

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Q. 7. Write short notes on following- fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh dhft,A
(i) Tort of Nuisance mirki dk vid`R;A
(ii) Distinguish between Assault and Battery geyk ,oa lEizgkj esa vUrj dhft,A
(iii) Hit and Run cases under the Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 eksVj;ku vf/kfu;e] 1988 ds vUrxZr ekj dj
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(iv) Nurvous Shock rfU=dk vk?kkrA
(v) Composition and jurisdiction of District Consumer Forum ftyk miHkksDrk Qksje dk xBu ,oa
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