Lesson Plan in Science and Technology

Grade 8

I. OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
a) Characterize the subatomic particles.
b) Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in a particular atom.
c) Differentiate between mass number and atomic number and between ions and isotopes.

II. SUBJECT MATTER:

TOPIC : What Makes Up an Atom?
SUB-TOPIC : The Subatomic Particles: Identity of Atom.
MATERIALS : Laptop, LCD Projector, White board marker.
REFERENCES : Internet, Science and Technology 8 Pages 166-173.

III. PROCEDURE
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
A. Preliminary Activities
Prayer, Greetings, Classroom management and
checking of Attendance.

“Let’s start our day with a pray. Stand up please. (The volunteer student will go in front of the
Who’s going to be volunteer to lead the pray.” class)
“In the name of the Father and of the Son, and of
“Thank you for lead us to pray” the Holy Spirit. Amen…”

“Good morning class!!! Mabuhay!”

“Kindly pick up the pieces of papers or candy
wrappers under your chairs before taking your
seats.”
“Jonathan, who’s absent today?”
“Good morning sir! Mabuhay!”
(Students will pick all the trashes and arrange
their chairs)

“Thank you, Jonathan” “None sir.”

“Okay, I will teach you some Bahasa Indonesia. If,
I say Selamat Pagi, you can say Selamat Pagi Juga. “Okay sir.”
And If I say One Clap you should clap your hand
once, if I say Double Clap you should clap twice
your hands

“last time we learn about the atomic theory. You (Students will think and find the answer.
can tell me, did you remember who are John Students will raise their hands)
Dalton, JJ. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Niels “yes sir, they are the developer of the theory of
Bohr?” atom”
 (Students clap their hands.)
“okay, thankyou alice”

B. Motivation
“Did you remember atom is no longer be the “There’s sub atomic particles sir”
smallest particles? There’s smaller particle than
atom. What is that?”
“Okay Sir Adi”
“That’s right, give applause to Yuda”
“Yes sir, there is Proton, Neutron, Electron”
“do you remember the subatomic charge?”
“Okay sir”
“So, we will learn about The Subatomic
Particles”

C. Lesson Proper

(Opening Powerpoint) “Atoms are made up of even smaller subatomic

“so what made up of an atom?” particles, three types of which important are:
the proton, neutron, and electron. The number
of positively-charged protons and non-charged
(“neutral”) neutrons, gives mass to the atom, and
the number of each in the nucleus of the atom
determine the element. The number of
negatively-charged electrons that “spin” around
the nucleus at close to the speed of light equals
the number of protons. An electron has about
1/2000th the mass of a proton or neutron”

“(a) In the planetary model, the electrons of

“Look at the picture” helium are shown in fixed orbits, depicted as
rings, at a precise distance from the nucleus,
somewhat like planets orbiting the sun. (b) In the
electron cloud model, the electrons of carbon are
shown in the variety of locations they would
have at different distances from the nucleus over
time”
 “Two Models of Atomic Structure.”

“An atom’s protons and electrons carry

electrical charges. Protons, with their positive
charge, are designated p+. Electrons, which have
a negative charge, are designated e–. An atom’s
neutrons have no charge: they are electrically
neutral.”

“Okay, we will study about the atomic number

and mass number”

(Showing powerpoint presentation)

“Allisha please read!” “An atom of carbon is unique to carbon, but a

proton of carbon is not. One proton is the same
as another, whether it is found in an atom of
carbon, sodium (Na), or iron (Fe). The same is
true for neutrons and electrons.”

“So, what gives an element its distinctive

properties—what makes carbon so different
from sodium or iron?”

“The answer is the unique quantity of protons

each contains, sir”

“Okay, next” “Carbon by definition is an element whose atoms

contain six protons. No other element has exactly
six protons in its atoms. Moreover, all atoms of
carbon, whether found in your liver or in a lump
of coal, contain six protons”

“Thus, the atomic number, which is the number of

protons in the nucleus of the atom, identifies the
element. Because an atom usually has the same
number of electrons as protons, the atomic number
identifies the usual number of electrons as well.”

“In their most common form, many elements

also contain the same number of neutrons as
protons. The most common form of carbon, for
example, has six neutrons as well as six protons,
for a total of 12 subatomic particles in its
nucleus. An element’s mass number is the sum
 of the number of protons and neutrons in its
nucleus.”

“The periodic table of the elements, is a chart (Students are listening)

identifying the 92 elements found in nature, as well
as several larger, unstable elements discovered
experimentally. The elements are arranged in order
of their atomic number, with hydrogen and helium at
the top of the table, and the more massive elements
below. The periodic table is a useful device because
for each element, it identifies the chemical symbol,
the atomic number, and the mass number, while
organizing elements according to their propensity to
react with other elements. The number of protons
and electrons in an element are equal. The number of
protons and neutrons may be equal for some
elements, but are not equal for all”

“okay, did you get the point?” “yes, sir”

D. Application

“Okay, we will play a game.

Instructions/Directions:
I will call you one by one and you must go forward
and explain the atomic number and mass number of
the elements on this periodic table”

“Do you have any questions?”

“Okay, lets start” “No, Sir”

E. Generalization

“Based on our discussion today, what is the

meaning of atom?”
“Atoms are made up of even smaller subatomic
particles, three types of which important are:
the proton, neutron, and electron”

“Very good! Thankyou Janu!” “the atomic number, which is the number of
protons in the nucleus of the atom, identifies the
“Correct! You are good students!” element”

“Precisely! So, do you have any questions

regarding our lesson today?”
IV. Evaluation
1. The characteristic that gives an element it’s distinctive properties is it’s number of….
2. Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it likely have?

V. Assignment
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Prepared by:

ADI PURWITO
Student Teacher

Checked by:

MARIA ARLENE P. GONZALES

Teacher-Mentor