DEUTSCHE

gERMAN
WIRTSCHAFt
eCONOMY
2. Quartal
1st quarter2005
2008
Development
Entwicklung ofBruttoinlandsprodukts
des the gross domestic product
Price-adjusted
Preisbereinigt
%
2,04.0
%3.5
1,5 1,5
3.0
Veränderung
Change on the
2.5 zum Vorjahres-
1,0 same quarter
quartal
2.0 a year earlier 1.8
0,51.5
1.0
0,0
0.5 0
0.0
-0,5 Veränderung
-0.5 zum Change on the
Vorquartal 1.5
previous quarter
-1.0
-1,0
-1.5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
2005 2006 2007 2008
2008
2002 2003 2004 2005

Federal Statistical
Statistisches Office
Bundesamt
National Accounts
National accounts give a most comprehensive quantitative view of the eco-
nomic situation and development of a country, i.e. in this case Germany.
For doing so all units (persons, institutions) and economic activities are
part of the national accounts results. To make the picture more clear all the
units are aggregated to groupings like economic branches and sectors.
The national accounts results are published in a lot of detailed tables. This
small folder only shows a small part of the various national accounts
results.
A well known national accounts aggregate is the gross domestic product
(GDP). The GDP measures the domestic production of goods and services
minus the intermediate consumption of goods and services. Therefore it is
mainly an indicator for production.
The units which constitute the economy of a country and whose transac-
tions are recorded in the European System of Accounts (ESA 1995) are
those which have a centre of economic interest on the economic territory of
that country. These units, known as resident units, may or may not have the
nationality of that country, may or may not be legal entities, and may or may
not be present on the economic territory of the country at the time they
carry out a transaction. The meaning of the terms economic territory and
centre of economic interest are defined in the ESA 1995, too.
The ESA 1995 is an internationally compatible accounting framework for a
systematic and detailed description of a total economy, its components
and its relations with other economies. The ESA 1995 is fully consistent
with the revised world-wide guidelines on national accounts, the System of
National Accounts (SNA 1993). These guidelines have been produced under
the joint responsibility of the United Nations, the IMF, the Commission of
the European Communities, the OECD and the World Bank. Thus
comparative harmonized data exists throughout Europe to enable political
and economical decisions. Within the EU, for example, data on the gross
national income (GNI) is used to calculate countries’ own resources.

Gross domestic product

Production Use Distribution
Agriculture Final consumption Compensation
expenditure of of employees
Industry households and Net
NPISHs national
Property and
Construction entrepreneurial income
income
= Government final =
Trade, transport, consumption expen- + Taxes on production and
communications diture imports
Financial, renting, + Consumption of fixed
business activities Capital formation
capital
Other service + Balance of exports – Net primary income from
activities and imports the rest of the world

Federal Statistical Office 2008

1 Key data for total economy
2007 2008
Specification
2nd qtr 3rd qtr 4th qtr 1st qtr
Gross domestic product (GDP price-adjusted,
chain-linked)
Change on the previous quarter in % ............ 0.2 0.7 0.3 1.5
Change on the same quarter of the preceding
year in % ...................................................... 2.5 2.4 1.6 1.8
Labour productivity (GDP price-adjusted, chain-
linked, per person in employment) 1) ............ 0.8 0.8 – 0.2 0.1
Gross domestic product at current prices per
person in employment1)................................ 2.9 2.8 1.7 1.4
Labour costs (compensation of employees per
employee) 1) ................................................. 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.4
Income (gross wages and salaries per
employee) 1) ................................................. 1.7 1.4 1.5 2.0
Unit labour costs (labour costs in relation to
labour productivity) 1) .................................. 0.5 0.1 1.0 1.4
Total population 1) ......................................... – 0.1 – 0.1 – 0.1 – 0.1
Persons in employment (domestic concept) 1) 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8
Unemployed persons (in 1.000) 2) ................... 3,557 3,524 3,418 3,468
Employment ratio (economically active
population as % of total population) ............ 52.4 52.6 53.2 52.7
Unemployment ratio (unemployed persons
(definition by ILO) as % of economically active
population) .................................................. 8.3 8.1 7.8 8.0
Wage ratio (compensation of employees as %
of net national income) ............................... 65.7 62.6 68.1 62.5
Saving ratio (saving as % of disposable income
of households) ............................................ 10.3 9.2 9.6 14.8

1) Change on the same quarter of the preceding year in %. – 2) Results of the labour force
survey (microcensus) according to the definition of the International Labour Organization
(ILO); persons in households from 15 to 74 years.

Gross domestic product1)

Bruttoinlandsprodukt
Preisbereinigt,chain-linked
Price-adjusted, verkettet
%
+5
+4 3.7
3.4 3.4
+3 2.7 2.5 2.4
+2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8
1.3
1.0
+1
0
-1 -0.8
-2
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
2005 2006 2007 2008
Federal Statistical Office 2008
2 Production of gross domestic product 1)
2007 2008
Specification
2nd qtr 3rd qtr 4th qtr 1st qtr

At current prices
Gross value added .......................................... 4.0 3.7 3.1 3.3
Agriculture, hunting and forestry; fishing ..... 6.6 19.2 14.8 19.1
Industry, including energy ........................... 7.2 6.7 5.4 3.5
including: Manufacturing ........................... 8.2 7.3 5.5 3.3
Construction ............................................... 4.7 1.6 0.6 2.4
Trade, transport and communications ......... 2.7 2.7 1.9 5.4
Financial, real-estate, renting and business
activities ................................................... 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.1
Other service activities ................................ 1.9 2.0 1.1 1.5

Price-adjusted, chain-linked
Gross value added .......................................... 2.9 2.7 2.2 1.9
Agriculture, hunting and forestry; fishing ..... 2.5 3.2 2.3 1.7
Industry, including energy ........................... 5.5 5.7 4.8 2.9
including: Manufacturing ........................... 6.4 6.4 5.1 3.0
Construction ............................................... – 0.0 – 1.5 – 2.4 – 1.4
Trade, transport and communications ......... 2.1 2.0 0.6 2.9
Financial, real-estate, renting and business
activities ................................................... 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.2
Other service activities ................................ 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.3

1) Change on the same quarter of the preceding year in %.

1)
Bruttowertschöpfung
Gross value added
des Verarbeitenden
in manufacturingGewerbe s
Preisbereinigt,chain-linked
Price-adjusted, verkettet
%
+ 12
8.6
7.7
+8 6.6 6.4 6.4
5.6 5.1
+4 2.8 2.4 2.6 3.0
1.7

0
-1.3
-4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
2005 2006 2007 2008
Federal Statistical Office 2008
3 Use of gross domestic product 1)
2007 2008
Specification
2nd qtr 3rd qtr 4th qtr 1st qtr

At current prices
Final consumption exp. (househ. and NPISHs) .. 1.6 1.6 0.8 2.5
Government final consumption expenditure .... 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.9
Gross capital formation .................................. 3.2 3.9 12.2 3.2
Gross fixed capital formation ....................... 6.9 5.7 4.9 3.4
Machinery and equipment ......................... 6.8 6.4 7.1 5.1
Construction .............................................. 7.5 5.4 3.2 2.2
Other products .......................................... 2.8 3.5 4.1 1.7
Changes in inventories and acquisitions less
disposals of valuables (EUR bn.) ............... – 4.0 – 1.5 5.1 0.2
Domestic uses ................................................ 2.1 2.3 2.8 2.7
Balance of exports and imports (EUR bn.) ............... 15.1 13.4 5.3 3.8
Exports ....................................................... 10.0 8.6 4.2 6.2
Imports ...................................................... 4.6 3.8 2.7 5.7
Gross domestic product .................................. 4.6 4.5 3.5 3.2
Price-adjusted, chain-linked
Final consumption exp. (househ. and NPISHs) .. – 0.0 – 0.2 – 1.3 0.1
Government final consumption expenditure .... 2.5 2.3 1.6 1.2
Gross capital formation .................................. – 0.7 1.1 8.6 2.1
Gross fixed capital formation ....................... 3.8 3.0 2.8 2.6
Machinery and equipment ......................... 7.6 7.1 7.9 6.2
Construction .............................................. 0.5 – 0.5 – 2.2 – 0.9
Other products .......................................... 6.2 7.1 8.4 7.6
Changes in inventories and acquisitions less
disposals of valuables 2) ........................... – 0.8 – 0.4 0.8 0.0
Domestic uses ................................................ 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.7
Balance of exports and imports2) ........................... 2.2 1.9 0.8 1.1
Exports ....................................................... 9.3 8.4 3.9 5.9
Imports ...................................................... 4.9 4.6 2.6 4.0
Gross domestic product .................................. 2.5 2.4 1.6 1.8
1) Change on the same quarter of the preceding year in %. – 2) Contribution to growth of
the GDP in percentage points.

Final consumption expenditure

Private (households and NPISHs)1)
Konsumausgaben
Price-adjusted,
Preisbereinigt,chain-linked
verkettet
%
+3

+2 1.9
1.2
+1 0.8
0.5 0.4
0.2 0.1
0.0
0
-0.0 -0.2
-0.3
-1 -0.8 -0.7
-1.3
-2
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
2005 2006 2007 2008
Federal Statistical Office 2008
4 Use of gross domestic product 1)
2007 2008
Specification
2nd qtr 3rd qtr 4th qtr 1st qtr
Seasonally and calendar adjusted with Census X-12-ARIMA
At current prices
Final consumption exp. (househ. and NPISHs) ... 1.3 0.7 – 0.0 1.0
Government final consumption expenditure.... 0.1 0.5 – 0.3 2.4
Gross capital formation .................................. – 6.3 1.9 0.5 9.3
Gross fixed capital formation ...................... – 1.0 0.8 1.3 4.3
Machinery and equipment ........................ 0.9 0.3 2.6 3.9
Construction ............................................. – 2.9 1.1 0.1 5.6
Other products .......................................... 2.4 1.3 2.3 – 4.3
Changes in inventories and acquisitions less
disposals of valuables (EUR bn.) .............. – 6.1 1.3 – 0.9 5.5
Domestic uses ............................................... – 0.5 0.9 0.0 2.9
Balance of exports and imports (EUR bn.) ............... 6.9 0.5 2.1 – 4.7
Exports ...................................................... 1.6 2.1 1.0 2.6
Imports ...................................................... – 1.0 2.3 0.4 5.0
Gross domestic product ................................. 0.7 0.9 0.4 1.9
Price-adjusted, chain-linked
Final consumption exp. (househ. and NPISHs) ... 0.8 0.3 – 0.8 0.3
Government final consumption expenditure.... 0.1 0.4 – 0.6 1.3
Gross capital formation .................................. – 7.0 2.3 1.8 7.4
Gross fixed capital formation ...................... – 1.4 0.7 1.5 3.7
Machinery and equipment ........................ 0.9 0.4 3.4 4.0
Construction ............................................. – 3.8 0.7 – 0.5 4.5
Other products .......................................... 4.0 3.0 4.0 – 3.4
Changes in inventories and acquisitions less
disposals of valuables 2) .......................... – 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.7
Domestic uses ............................................... – 0.9 0.7 – 0.3 1.9
Balance of exports and imports2) ........................... 1.1 0.0 0.5 – 0.2
Exports ...................................................... 0.8 2.5 1.3 2.4
Imports ...................................................... – 1.7 2.9 0.2 3.5
Gross domestic product ................................. 0.2 0.7 0.3 1.5
1) Change on the previous quarter in %. – 2) Contribution to growth of the GDP in
percentage points.

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Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden

Published May 2008
Order number: 0000018-08321-1
” Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden 2008
Reproduction and distribution, also of parts, are permitted provided that the
source is mentioned.
5 Key data for total economy

Specification Dimension 2004 2005 2006 2007

Gross domestic product (GDP price-

adjusted, chain-linked) 1) .............. % 1.1 0.8 2.9 2.5
Gross domestic product (at current
prices) .......................................... EUR bn. 2,211.2 2,244.6 2,322.2 2,423.8
Gross national income .................... EUR bn. 2,226.3 2,265.0 2,344.4 2,447.4
Net national income (factor costs) .. EUR bn. 1,667.1 1,691.2 1,751.2 1,823.7
Compensation of employees ........ EUR bn. 1,137.1 1,129.9 1,149.4 1,182.1
Property and entrepreneurial
income ......................................... EUR bn. 530.0 561.3 601.9 641.5
Gross wages and salaries ............... EUR bn. 914.3 911.9 926.0 957.0
Net wages and salaries ................... EUR bn. 603.5 602.8 605.4 623.2
Disposable income of households .. EUR bn. 1,440.9 1,465.3 1,493.7 1,517.5
Saving ratio (saving as % of dis-
posable income of households) .... % 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.9
Total population ............................. 1,000 82,501 82,464 82,366 82,262
Persons in employment (domestic
concept) ....................................... 1,000 38,880 38,846 39,088 39,765
Unemployed persons 1) .................. 1,000 4,160 4,573 4,250 3,602
Unemployment ratio (unemployed
persons (definition by ILO) as % of
economically active population) ... % 9.7 10.6 9.8 8.3
Labour productivity (GDP price-
adjusted, chain-linked, per person
in employment) 2) ......................... % 0.7 0.9 2.2 0.7
Labour costs (compensation of
employees per employee) 2) .......... % 0.4 – 0.1 1.1 1.0
Unit labour costs
(labour costs in relation to labour
productivity) 2) .............................. % – 0.3 – 1.0 – 1.1 0.3

1) Results of the labour force survey. – 1) Change on the previous year in %.

Gross domestic product1)

Bruttoinlandsprodukt
Preisbereinigt,chain-linked
Price-adjusted, verkettet
%
+4
3.2
2.9
+3
2.5
2.0 2.0
+2
1.2 1.1
+1 0.8

0.0
0
-0.2
-1
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Federal Statistical Office 2008
6 Production of gross domestic product

Specification 2004 2005 2006 2007

At current prices (EUR bn.)

Gross value added ......................................... 1,998.7 2,026.4 2,094.2 2,171.9
Agriculture, hunting and forestry; fishing ..... 21.8 17.8 17.8 19.9
Industry, including energy ........................... 499.9 507.0 531.4 564.8
including: Manufacturing .......................... 450.7 455.0 474.3 508.9
Construction ............................................... 83.3 79.9 83.9 88.8
Trade, transport and communications ......... 352.9 358.0 375.0 385.3
Financial, real-estate, renting and business
activities ................................................... 582.9 601.4 618.1 637.1
Other service activities ................................ 458.0 462.4 468.0 476.0

Price-adjusted, chain-linked 1)
Gross value added ......................................... 1.4 1.0 2.8 2.9
Agriculture, hunting and forestry; fishing ..... 20.7 – 10.6 – 3.2 2.9
Industry, including energy ........................... 4.7 1.2 5.3 5.3
including: Manufacturing .......................... 3.6 1.4 5.8 6.4
Construction ............................................... – 3.8 – 4.8 5.4 2.2
Trade, transport and communications ......... 1.6 0.6 3.6 2.0
Financial, real-estate, renting and business
activities ................................................... – 0.4 2.7 2.2 3.1
Other service activities ................................ 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.6

1) Change on the previous year in %.

Production of gross domestic product 2007

Trade, transport and Agriculture, hunting
communications and forestry; fishing
17.7% 0.9%
Industry,
Other service including
activities energy
21.9% 2,423.8 26.0%
EUR bn.
Financial, real- Construction
estate, renting 4.1%
and business
activities
29.3%
Federal Statistical Office 2008
7 Use of gross domestic product

Specification 2004 2005 2006 2007

At current prices (EUR bn.)

Final consumption exp. (househ. and NPISHs) .. 1,307.5 1,326.4 1,357.5 1,374.4
Government final consumption expenditure .... 415.6 421.5 425.9 435.6
Gross capital formation .................................. 377.1 383.4 412.4 444.0
Gross fixed capital formation ....................... 387.3 390.8 417.1 449.6
Machinery and equipment ......................... 154.5 162.1 173.7 186.5
Construction ............................................. 208.0 203.4 217.2 235.9
Other products .......................................... 24.8 25.3 26.3 27.1
Changes in inventories and acquisitions less
disposals of valuables ............................. – 10.2 – 7.5 – 4.7 – 5.6
Domestic uses ................................................ 2,100.2 2,131.3 2,195.8 2,254.0
Balance of exports and imports .............................. 111.0 113.3 126.4 169.8
Exports ....................................................... 847.8 918.0 1,046.5 1,132.0
Imports ...................................................... 736.8 804.7 920.1 962.2
Gross domestic product .................................. 2,211.2 2,244.6 2,322.2 2,423.8
Price-adjusted, chain-linked 1)
Final consumption exp. (househ. and NPISHs) .. 0.2 – 0.1 1.0 – 0.4
Government final consumption expenditure .... – 1.5 0.5 0.9 2.2
Gross capital formation .................................. – 0.3 1.4 6.1 4.3
Gross fixed capital formation ....................... – 0.2 1.0 6.1 5.0
Machinery and equipment ......................... 4.6 6.0 8.3 8.2
Construction ............................................. – 3.8 – 3.1 4.3 2.3
Other products .......................................... 2.1 4.8 6.7 6.6
Changes in inventories and acquisitions less
disposals of valuables 2) .......................... – 0.1 0.0 – 0.1 – 0.1
Domestic uses ................................................ – 0.2 0.3 1.9 1.0
Balance of exports and imports 2) .......................... 1.3 0.5 1.1 1.6
Exports ....................................................... 10.0 7.1 12.5 7.8
Imports ...................................................... 7.2 6.7 11.2 4.8
Gross domestic product .................................. 1.1 0.8 2.9 2.5

1) Change on the previous year in %. – 2) Contribution to growth of GDP in percentage

points.

Final consumption
Private
expenditure (households and NPISHs)1)
Konsumausgaben
Preisbereinigt,chain-linked
Price-adjusted, verkettet
%
+4
3.0
+3
2.4
1.9
+2 1.5
1.0
+1
0.1 0.2
0
-0.1
-0.4
-1 -0.8

-2
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Federal Statistical Office 2008
8 Economic development since 1950
Net Gross domestic product
Gross Gross
national
domestic national per person
Year 1) income per inhabitant
product income in employment
(factor costs)
EUR bn. EUR
1950 .... 49.7 50.4 40.1 1,059 2,539
1955 .... 91.9 92.3 72.7 1,868 4,084
1960 .... 154.8 154.9 122.8 2,792 5,938
1965 .... 234.8 234.3 183.3 4,005 8,774
1970 .... 360.6 361.6 282.1 5,945 13,562
1975 .... 551.0 552.0 430.5 8,912 20,992
1980 .... 788.5 790.0 609.3 12,808 28,757
1985 .... 984.4 990.7 762.4 16,132 35,657
1990 .... 1,306.7 1,317.9 1,017.9 20 658 42,970
1995 .... 1,848.5 1,834.8 1,397.2 22,636 49,160
1996 .... 1,876.2 1,866.3 1,417.7 22,909 50,034
1997 .... 1,915.6 1,901.7 1,438.6 23,346 51,133
1998 .... 1,965.4 1,945.0 1,466.1 23,960 51,842
1999 .... 2,012.0 1,990.5 1,487.3 24,511 52,363
2000 .... 2,062.5 2,043.2 1,524.4 25,095 52,690
2001 .... 2,113.2 2,092.2 1,560.9 25,664 53,748
2002 .... 2,143.2 2,116.6 1,576.1 25,984 54,818
2003 .... 2,163.8 2,148.7 1,599.6 26,222 55,875
2004 .... 2,211.2 2,226.3 1,667.1 26,802 56,872
2005 .... 2,244.6 2,265.0 1,691.2 27,219 57,782
2006 .... 2,322.2 2,344.4 1,751.2 28,194 59,410
2007 .... 2,423.8 2,447.4 1,823.7 29,464 60,953

1) 1950 and 1955 former territory of the Federal Republic without Saarland and Berlin
(West), from 1960 to 1991 former territory of the Federal Republic, 1991 Deutschland
(Germany); the results from 1960 to 1990 and starting from 1991 are methodologically
different.

Net
Volkseinkommen
national income
(factor
in Mrd.costs)
EUR
EUR bn.
2,000
1,823.7
1,691.2 1,751.2
1,524.4
1,500

1,017.9
1,000

609.3
500
282.1
122.8
40.1
0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007
Federal Statistical Office 2008