Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
PATROUILLER = origin of the word “PATROL”, meaning rough by, to travel on foot.
PART I
POLICE PATROL OPERATION
OVERVIEW OF PATROL
1. Patrol is the only unit working round the clock.
2. Patrol is the working horse of the Police Department.
3. Patrol is the Backbone of Police Department.
4. Patrol is the Operational Heart of Police Organization in crime prevention.
5. Patrol is the Show Window of Police Department
6. Patrol is the center or focal point of all police activities.
7. Patrol is very vital to police organization because society cannot exist without people who will help
maintain law and order.
UNITED STATES
Boston = in 1636 formed the first Night Watch
New York = after 20 years, formed a Ratelwatch
Philadelphia = 20th century, formed a Watchman, a system of obligated duty for citizens
The American Watchman was called “Leatherheads” because they wore varnished leather
hats.
1833 = Philadelphia instituted the first daytime paid police service.
1844 = New York organized the First Modern American Police Force based on English Metropolitan
Police System.
Pendleton Act of 1883 = an act that established the Civil Service for federal employees
1920’s = modern period in patrol began with the use of automobile patrol and voice radio
communications.
PHILIPPINES
Section 2275, Book III, Title IX, Art. XI of the Revised Administrative Code of the Philippines =
authorizes a mayor upon approval of the governor to require all able-bodied male residents between
the ages of 18 and 30 year old, to assist for a period of five days in any one month in apprehending
outlaws or other law breakers and act as PATROLS for the protection of municipality, not exceeding
one day in each week.
Metropolitan Police Force (MPF) = established as the police force in Manila on January 9, 1901
Gen. Arthur McArthur (Father of Douglas MacArthur) = first District Director of MPF
July 31, 1901 = MPF evolved into Manila Police Department (MPD)
Goldenberg Mansion = initial headquarters of MPD located along Gen. Solano St., San Miguel,
Manila and then moved to Manila City Hall where it stayed until 1945 and after WWII in United
Nations where it stands today.
1978 = MPD underwent another transformations with its integration into the Integrated National
Police (INP)
1986 = MPD further evolved into the Western Police District (WPD) Command.
July 20, 2005 = WPD was renamed Manila Police District pursuant to General Order 05-10
Captain George Curry = first chief of Police of Manila
Col. Antonio C. Torres = first Filipino Police Chief
December 8, 1941 = Col. Torres declared Manila as an open city
Col. Lamberto T. Javalera = first Filipino Chief of Police of Manila, appointed by Pres. Manuel
Roxas
1939 – the Manila Police District introduced the bicycle patrol.
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March 17, 1954 – Automobile Patrol was introduced in Metro Manila.
Isaias Alma Jose – first chief of Mobile Patrol of MPD
3. Law Enforcement = primary function of the police the greatest responsibility is on patrol officers because
of the nature of their duties.
4. Maintenance of Social Order = fundamental and primary obligation of the police department which
includes the element of “Peace Keeping”.
= considered as the most important function performed by the patrol officers.
5. Police Service = it is one that creates confusion and discord among police authorities in which police
officers should provide public service or social service which is an important part of police patrol.
d. Presence of People = crowd offers opportunities for theft, loss of persons or things, fights and
panics
e. Lack of regulation
2. Chronological Distribution = involves consideration of the nature and causes of crimes. Patrol officers
should know how crimes are committed, when and who commits them.
3. Geographical Distribution = involves weighing categories of incidents and accounting the number of
identifiable hazards and street mileage.
4. Walking Beats = it involved determining man hours needed to cover the streets and alleys to inspect the
police hazards predominating the AOR.
5. Motor Patrol Distribution = involves determining the need to shift motor patrol units hour-by-hour at the
area according to where and when crime mostly likely to occur.
POST ASSIGNMENT
1. Regular Post = assigning members to regular/usual post which usually based on seniority.
2. Post Rotation = is the process of assigning members of patrol force from post to post
STREET KNOWLEDGE
This refers to thorough geographical knowledge of the patrol area or an understanding of the
character, fears, concerns, problems and attitudes of the local residents
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TERRITORIAL UNITS IN PATROL
1. Post – a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty
2. Route – a length of street or streets designated for patrol purposes
3. Beat – area assigned for foot patrol purposes
4. Sector – area containing two or more beats, routes or posts
TYPES OF PATROL
1. Foot Patrol – it is the most expensive type of patrol in terms of human resources and most departments
had reduced their foot patrols to a minimum because of this. However, it does have certain advantages that
warrant its continued use if even on a limited basis.
Usually, foot patrol is used to secure two types of geographical units:
a. Post
b. Beat
2. Automobile Patrol – is the most economical type of patrol and offers tactical ability when used in
numbers. It is considered as the most extensively used and most effective means of transportation for
police patrol.
3. Motorcycle Patrol – the two-wheeled motorcycle is quite adaptable to traffic enforcement, parades,
escort duty and congested areas because of its high mobility. Motorcycle Patrol is usually fielded in areas
where banks and pawnshops are concentrated.
It has the disadvantages of being used only in fair weather, of causing a greater number of accidents
which are usually quite serious, and in the long run costing the department almost as much as a patrol
vehicle despite the apparent low first cost.
4. Bicycle Patrol – it is considered as the simple and inexpensive means of silent transportation in patrol
operation. Its versatility makes it indispensable for covering crowded areas unreachable by automobile and
motorcycle.
5. Horse Patrol – Next to walking patrol, the horse patrol is one of the oldest types of patrol. It is useful in
areas wherein automobile or motorcycle is suitable for patrolling.
The following are some of the more common uses of the Horse patrol:
a. Park Patrol
b. Beach Patrol
c. Parade and Crowd Control
- Mounted officers can see three blocks away than on foot patrol
6. Marine or Boat Patrol – this is specialized type of patrol which is used in large bodies of water for the
purpose of controlling smuggling.
The recorded history of our earliest civilization indicates the use of tariffs. Where there are tariffs
there is smuggling, and the control of smuggling in any community near water necessitates the use of water
patrol.
7. Air Patrol – a type of patrol using Helicopter or Fixed-Wing Aircraft. This is considered as the most
economical type of patrol in terms of human resources.
1925 – Los Angeles County Sheriff Department formed a volunteer Reserved Aero Squadron
Before 1929 – NYPD began using aircraft
1947 – New York Port Authority began using helicopters for surveillance, transportation and rescue
1986 – State of California developed an experimental program using helicopters for police patrolling
1959 – Public Safety Department in Dade County in Florida used aerial patrol concept.
8. Plain Clothes Patrol – this is particularly effective for “saturation drive coverage” of high crime areas.
This allows police officers to infiltrate the crime areas without alarming the criminals following the element of
surprise.
9. Canine (K-9) Patrol or Dog Patrol – dog was first used by Egyptians in patrolling.
“A single K-9 team can complete building searches seven times faster than four officers working
together.”
“Dog team can find hidden suspects 93 percent of the time, while human officers can only find
hidden suspects 53 percent.”
“Dog is capable of recognizing an odor 10 million times better than a human.”
Bloodhounds – is a large dog formerly used for tracking. It has sagging jaw, dropping ears and keen sense
of smell.
Wireless Operational Link and Video Exploration System (WOLVES) – it is the system of attaching
miniature camera and transmitter to a search dog which makes the dog the eyes and ears of his handler.
10. Television Patrol – it is basically used for traffic control which originates in West Germany.
Television cameras are mounted in a weatherproof housing. They were equipped with Zoom lenses
and were remotely controlled by the operator at the control board who can adjust each camera to a
panoramic view of 270 degrees. It makes possible to pick up the license of fleeing automobiles.
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The officer walk from one beat to another making sure that he stays on the left side and at the center
or middle portion of any street between adjoining beats. For every beat, the officer calls the station until
the clockwise patter is completed. Ideal for rectangular of square beat.
Usually conducted during the first hour of duty.
Strategic Objectives:
a. High visibility police presence
b. Feeling of security for law abiding
c. Feeling of fear for would be criminal
d. Feeling of confidence for the public that police are constantly available
*Critical Time – it is the time between the call of concerned individual to the police regarding crime incident
and the arrival at the scene of patrol officer.
1. High Visibility – it is accomplished by deploying uniformed patrol officers and marked patrol cars in
the AOR with the objective of increasing the “aura of police omnipresence”.
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2. Low Visibility – a strategy wherein patrol officers are in civilian clothes or in unmarked patrol cars
with the primary purpose of increasing the apprehension of criminal engage in street crimes and
deterrence of criminal activity as a result of greater probability of apprehension.
VIII. Decoy
Decoy means trap, bait or induce. This strategy involves disguise or deception which is specifically
used in high crimes areas by highly trained specialist rather that regular patrol officer.
WARNING SHOTS
The police shall not use warning shots during police interventions.
USE OF FORCE
Issuance of Warning
The police officer must first issue a warning before he could use force against an offender. The
warning is issued for the police officer to identify himself and to give opportunity to the offender to surrender.
The duty to issue a warning is however not absolute. The directive to issue a warning is necessary
only in situations where several options are still available to the police officer but in cases where the threat
to the life of a police officer is already imminent, and there is no other option but to use force to subdue the
offender, the law enforcer’s failure to issue a warning is excusable.
Reasonable Force
During an armed confrontation, only such necessary and reasonable force should be applied as
would be sufficient to overcome resistance put up by the offender; subdue the clear and imminent danger
posed by him; or to justify the force/act under the principles of self defense, defense of relative, or defense
of stranger. The Officer-in-Charge of the operation shall, at all times, exercise control over his men in the
area, and shall exhaust all possible means so that no innocent civilian is caught in the crossfire.
The reasonableness of the force employed will depend upon the number of aggressor, nature and
characteristic of the weapon used, physical condition, size and other circumstances to include the place and
occasion of the assault. A police officer, however, is not required to afford a person attacking him the
opportunity for a fair or equal struggle. His duty requires him to overcome his opponent. In the lawful
performance of his duty, the police officer must stand his ground to accomplish his mandated task of
enforcing the law and maintenance of peace and order.
Use of Weapon
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The excessive use of force is prohibited. The use of weapon is justified if the suspect poses
imminent danger of causing death or injury to the police officer or other persons.
The use of weapon is also justified under the Doctrines of Self-Defense, Defense of Relative, and
Defense of Stranger. However, one who resorts to self-defense must face a real threat on his life, and the
peril sought to be avoided must be actual, imminent and real.
Moreover, unlawful aggression should be present for self-defense to be considered as justifying
circumstance.
Unlawful Aggression – refers to an attack amounting to actual or eminent threat to the life, limb, or right of
the person claiming self-defense.
Necessary and Legal means – as used in the definition shall include, but not limited to, the employment of
appropriate number of troops, armor assets and tactical or special units to effectively and permanently quell
the threat or present danger, or to swiftly restrain or arrest the suspect or suspects.
Imminent Danger –the danger is “imminent” if it is on the point of happening. It is not required that the
attack already begins, for it may be too late. (The Revised Penal Code, Book I, JBL Reyes). The elements
of imminent danger are the following:
1. Intent of the suspect to harm the policeman;
2. The capability of the suspect to harm the policeman or other persons; and,
3. Accessibility or the proximity of the suspect in harming the policeman and other persons.
Reportorial Requirements
Any police officer who used his firearm against a suspect must submit an after-encounter report
outlining the circumstances necessitating the use of weapon against the suspect.
MOVING VEHICLES
A moving vehicle shall not be fired upon except when its occupants pose imminent danger of
causing death or injury to the police officer or any other person, and that the use of firearm does not create
a danger to the public and outweighs the likely benefits of its non-use.
In firing upon a moving vehicle, the following parameters should be considered:
a. the intent of the fleeing suspect/s to harm the police officer or other persons;
b. the capability of the fleeing suspect/s to harm in certainty the police officer or other
persons; and
c. accessibility or the proximity of the fleeing suspect/s with the police officer and other
persons.
Spot Check/Accosting
It is the brief stopping of an individual, whether on foot or in a vehicle, based on reasonable
suspicion/probable cause, for the purpose of determining the individual’s identity and resolving the officer’s
suspicion concerning criminal activity.
Reasonable Suspicion – acts that, within totality of the circumstances, lead an officer to reasonably
suspect, or to have probable cause to believe, that criminal activity has been, is being, or is about to be
committed.
Pat-down Search
It is a “frisk” or external feeling of the outer garments of an individual for weapons only.
Police Checkpoint
It is a location where the search, which is duly authorized by the PNP, is conducted to deter/prevent
the commission of crimes, enforce the law, and for other legitimate purposes.
Composition
a. Team Leader (TL) - shall lead and take responsibility in the conduct of checkpoint preferably an
officer with the rank of at least Police Inspector;
b. Spotter - PNP personnel who will point/profile suspected vehicle subject for checkpoint;
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c. Spokesperson - TL or member who is solely in charge of communicating with the motorists subject
for checkpoint;
d. Investigation Sub-team - in charge of investigation and documentation of possible incidents in the
checkpoint to include issuance of Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) or Traffic Violation Report (TVR);
e. Search/Arresting Sub-Team - designated to conduct search, seizure and arrest, if necessary;
f. Security Sub-Team - tasked to provide security in the checkpoint area; and
g. Blocking/Pursuing Sub-Team - team tasked to block/pursue fleeing suspects/vehicle.
Guidelines
a. Mobile checkpoints are authorized only when established in conjunction with ongoing police
operations. Only officially marked vehicles shall be used in establishing mobile checkpoints.
b. Checkpoints may be established when there is a need to arrest a criminal or fugitive from justice.
c. The composition of the personnel manning the checkpoint shall be left to the sound discretion of the
PNP unit commander.
d. Encourage the participation of, but not limited to, the Local Government Units (LGUs), Civil Society
Groups, Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs), business organizations, other civic groups, media
and other stakeholders during the conduct of Police Checkpoint.
e. The participation of the civilians and the presence of the media in the conduct of checkpoint must be
confined only as observers to give police additional eyes and promote transparency of activities in the
area.
f. All civic groups or organizations to include the media, who are inclined to participate in police
checkpoints, must be duly registered and accredited by the PNP for such purpose. The accreditation of
the civilian groups to join in the conduct of checkpoint shall be administered by the Police Regional and
Provincial Offices.
g. PNP personnel manning the checkpoint must have a presentable appearance, wearing the prescribed
PNP uniform. Likewise, the civilian members must also be in their organization’s uniform with their
names conspicuously displayed for identification. In no case shall the civilian components be allowed to
bear firearms during the checkpoint.
h. In Metro Manila and other major cities, police officers manning the checkpoints should not wear Field
Service Uniforms (FSU) or black fatigues in lieu of the PNP General Office Attire unless the conduct of
checkpoint is a result of a Hot Pursuit Operation or a High Risk Checkpoint. The use of mixed uniforms
(GOA, FSU, black fatigue) in the conduct of checkpoint is strictly prohibited.
i. As much as possible, the area where the checkpoints shall be established must be properly lighted,
with a noticeable signage bearing the name of the PNP unit and the participating organization/s visibly
displayed in the checkpoint site, to prevent any apprehension from the public of the existence of the
same.
j. Due courtesy must be accorded to the motorists, traders and the commuters during the conduct of
checkpoint.
k. The spokesperson must greet the people subject for inspection, ask apology for the inconvenience,
appeal for understanding and state the reasons of the operation. Thank the person/s searched.
l. Except in the actual commission of crime during checkpoints or in a hot pursuit operation, the conduct
of inspection of vehicle during a routine checkpoint is limited to a visual search and therefore must be
done with due respect to innocent passersby, commuters, or bystanders and be conducted in a manner
that is least inconvenient to the public. Searches, seizures, and arrest made during checkpoints shall be
within the ambit of the law.
m. Violations/Infractions of the law discovered during the checkpoint operation shall be expeditiously
disposed of following legal procedures. Arrested persons must be apprised of their rights in reference to
the Miranda Doctrine.
n. The security of the PNP personnel, and most especially that of the civilians participating in the
checkpoint operation, must be given due consideration in the planning stage of the operation.
o. Only the security sub-team and blocking/pursuing sub-team members are allowed to display high-
powered firearms and are positioned where they can best provide security to the Checkpoint team
including themselves.
p. Checkpoint personnel must not limit their task in law enforcement and crime deterrence. They should
also be ready to provide police assistance in the vicinity e.g., giving directions to inquiring motorists or
passersby.
q. The PNP operating units must provide their own logistical and financial requirements to avoid
soliciting support from the civilians for their personal or operational needs.
r. Police personnel assigned in the checkpoint shall not mulct, extort, or harass drivers, passengers, and
traders. Designated TL assigned at the checkpoint shall be responsible for the actuations and behavior
of his personnel and shall be accountable under the doctrine of Command Responsibility.
s. Voluntary offers of cash or in kind from the traders/motorists passing the checkpoint should be
absolutely refused because the offer might be misconstrued as a bribe.
t. The police and the civilian component must separately submit their After Checkpoint Operation Report
to their respective units or organization for proper evaluation of the efficacy of the operation.
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Procedure in the Conduct of Regular Police Checkpoint
a. Unit Commanders should inform Higher Headquarters (HHQs) Tactical Operations Center (TOC) and
coordinate with adjacent units, such as Public Safety Management Forces and other friendly forces,
personally or through an official representative, before commencing with the checkpoint to avoid
misencounter and any untoward incident;
b. The TL shall brief the PNP personnel, as well as the civilian components present, including the media
regarding the proper conduct of the checkpoint and their assigned tasks prior to their deployment;
c. The TL shall initially account for the PNP personnel and check if they are in the prescribed uniform.
PNP personnel conducting the checkpoint shall display their nameplates at all times. If wearing a jacket,
the flap of the jacket bearing their names should also be displayed. Likewise, the equipment will include,
but not limited to, the following:
1) Marked Patrol vehicles;
2) Firearms with basic load of ammunition;
3) Handheld and vehicle base radios;
4) Flashlights;
5) Megaphone; and
6) Signage
d. The Spotter of the team will be pre-positioned in a place where he can best point/profile suspected
vehicles prior to their approach to the checkpoint;
e. Search/Arresting Sub-Team shall flag down suspected vehicles and conduct search, seizure and
arrest if necessary;
f. Arrested persons and seized items shall be turned-over to the investigation sub-team for
documentation and proper disposition;
g. In the event that the checkpoint is ignored, and the occupants of the vehicle open fire on the
personnel manning the checkpoint, reasonable force to overcome the suspects’ aggression may be
employed;
h. Inform Higher Headquarters before terminating the conduct of Checkpoint;
i. The TL shall conduct debriefing of personnel after termination of the Checkpoint; and
j. Unit Commander shall submit After Activity Report to Higher Headquarters.
Hasty Checkpoint
It is an immediate response to block the escape of lawless elements from a crime scene, and is also
established when nearby checkpoints are ignored or during hot pursuit operations. It is set up by police
personnel conducting mobile patrol on board a marked police vehicle, or those conducting ISO and foot
patrol operations within the vicinity/periphery of the national or provincial highways.
Hot Pursuit (Cross Jurisdictional Pursuit) - (also termed in the US as fresh pursuit) shall mean an
immediate, recent chase or follow-up without material interval for the purpose of taking into custody any
person wanted by virtue of a warrant, or one suspected to have committed a recent offense while fleeing
from one police jurisdictional boundary to another that will normally require prior official inter-unit
coordination but which the pursuing unit cannot, at that moment, comply due to the urgency of the situation.
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a. In the event that checkpoints/roadblocks are ignored and the motorists/suspects bumped the
roadblock in an attempt to elude arrest or avoid inspection, the TL shall immediately contact adjacent
units to inform them of the situation so that these units can conduct dragnet operation, while the
members of the blocking/pursuing team shall block or pursue the errant fleeing motorist;
b. Warning shots shall not be allowed due to the confusion it may create to the driver and passengers of
the vehicle. Megaphones or police sirens shall be used instead during the pursuit. The plate number of
the vehicle shall be noted and given to other units in adjacent areas to prevent the possibility that the
vehicle may elude the pursuit operation; and
c. In the event that the occupants of the vehicle open fire on the personnel manning the checkpoint,
reasonable force to overcome the suspects’ aggression may be employed.
b. Fleeing Vehicles
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1) In the event that the motor vehicle did not stop despite the warning given, inform Headquarters or
adjacent units so that roadblocks or hasty checkpoints can be set-up;
2) Call Headquarters to inform of the make or type, plate number and color of the motor vehicle to be
accosted including the number of occupants and, if possible, their identity;
3) State the reason(s) for flagging down the suspected motor vehicle;
4) Give mobile car’s location and its direction before making actual intervention;
5) When the vehicle of the suspect is cornered or stopped, instruct the driver and other occupants in a
clear and commanding voice to follow specifically what you will require of them. Failure on their part to
follow will be construed as a hostile act on their part. Execute instructions on the use of reasonable
force;
6) Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition and toss the key to the ground, open the door and step out of
the vehicle, followed by his hands to be placed on top of the vehicle, or to move towards you with his
hands up;
7) Instruct other occupants of the vehicle, if any, to come out one by one, and follow what the driver has
been instructed to do earlier;
8) Arrest, handcuff and search the suspects and bring them to Headquarters for proper disposition; and
9) Before moving out, inform Headquarters about the situation, status and disposition of the suspects
and motor vehicle accosted.
High Risk Stop – is the actual stopping or accosting of armed and dangerous person or persons, aboard a
vehicle or on foot, including the power to use all necessary and legal means to accomplish such end.
High Risk Arrest – is the actual restraint of armed persons following a high-risk stop.
Pre-Determined Area – is the specific or projected spot where the armed and dangerous person or
persons would pass or likely to pass and so tactically located as to gain calculated advantage against said
person or persons.
Stopping Zone - is the strategic predetermined area strongly sealed off, barricaded and occupied by
tactical forces in a lawful display of authority to maintain law and order or in defensive response to an event
of criminal nature or of such gravity that occurred or likely to occur calling for a high risk stop or arrest.
Dragnet Operation - is a police operation purposely to seal-off the probable exit points of fleeing suspects
from the crime scene to prevent their escape.
Public Assembly
It means any rally, demonstration, march, parade, procession or any other form of mass or
concerted action held in a public place for the purpose of presenting a lawful cause; or expressing an
opinion to the general public on any particular issue; or protesting or influencing any state of affairs whether
political, economic or social; or petitioning the government for redress of grievances.
Public Place – shall include any highway, boulevard, avenue, road, street, bridge or other thoroughfare,
park, plaza, square, and/or any open space of public ownership where the people are allowed access.
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Freedom Park – shall mean the venue or place established or designated by local government units within
their respective jurisdictions where a public assembly could be held without securing any permit for such
purpose from the local government unit concerned.
Maximum Tolerance – means the highest degree of restraint that the police, military and other peace
keeping authorities shall observe during a public assembly or in the dispersal of the same.
Guidelines for Civil Disturbance Management (CDM) Contingent During Rallies / Demonstrations
a. CDM contingent shall be in prescribed uniform and without firearm.
b. Tear gas, smoke grenades, water cannons, or any similar anti- riot device shall be used only when
the public assembly is attended by actual violence or serious threats of violence, or deliberate
destruction of property.
e. Post-Operation Stage
1) CDM contingents shall be withdrawn after the area has been cleared of possible danger to public
safety.
2) Sufficient police force shall be maintained to ensure peace and order in the area.
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2. Patrol Components – include line beat, mobile patrol, motorcycle, bicycle, air patrol and detective
repressive patrol
a. Police Beats – consist of identifiable boundaries within the AOR where an officer can conduct
patrol. Police Beats identification:
PBs for NCR
- Identifiable by a 5 digit number. 1st digit refers to the numerical assigned to the district
- 2nd refers to the number assigned to each of the city/municipality within the district
- 3rd digit refers to the number assigned to particular PCP
- 4th and 5th digits refer to the numbers assigned to particular beat
c. Detective Beat System – contiguous area where a team of police investigators is assigned with a
specific task of conducting follow-up investigation to all complaints, reports, referrals and other requests
with the end in view of full compliance and/or filing of case
DETECTIVE BEAT SYSTEM (DBS) – one of the concrete responses of PNP in reinventing the field of
investigation.
- it is concerned with crime solution and detectives are charged with total investigation responsibility
II. Deployment Phase – upon arrival at the patrol beat, officer shall report to the desk officer or dispatcher
- while on patrol, they shall adopt the “buddy-buddy system”
- upon reaching the end of the line beat, officer shall make a situation report before returning to their
point of origin
- any unusual incident must be reported and/or recorded in the patrol sheet report.
III. Post-Deployment Phase – after the tour of duty, officers shall return to police stations for the following:
a. surrender the equipment
b. accomplish the Daily Patrol Report
c. Turn-over to the Front-Desk Officer all items confiscated or recovered during the tour of
duty
d. patrol commander shall conduct an accounting of patrol officers before being dismissed
3. Auxiliary Components – include security guards, traffic enforcers, barangay tanods, civilian volunteers
and non-governmental organizations
TEAM POLICING SYSTEM – is an attempt to integrate the police and the community interest into a working
relationship so as to produce the desired objective of peace keeping in the community.
- Originated in Aberdeen, Scotland
- Team of 5-10 men is assigned according to concentration of crimes and citizens-calls for police
service.
- Effective police-community cooperation is critical to the success of a team policing system.
In the United States about 60 % of the police departments are implementing it through Community
Oriented Policing/Problem Oriented Policing COP/POP.
In Canada and several countries in Europe and other parts of the world, they are into it also.
In the Philippines, the implementation of National Anti-Crime Strategy (NACS) at the community
level started as mere initiative of some innovative police commanders.
In Bacolod City, the Negros Occidental Provincial Commander of the defunct PC/INP managed to
mobilize the community to support and team up with Bacolod City Police Station through the Bacolod
Citizens for Unity and Peace (BAC–UP) Foundation from June 7, 1986 to date.
On August 8, 1991, the Davao Del Norte Provincial PNP Commander instituted the KAUBAN, an
integrated undertaking of the police/barangay/citizenry to maintain peace and order.
It was also in 1991 when the PNP started implementing the “Koban Philippine style” dubbed as
Pulis Patrol Lingkod Bayan (PPLB).
On May 04, 1993, the PNP started establishing the KABABAYAN Center as Community Oriented
Policing Units.
Finally on August 15, 1994, the PNP adopted and started implementing the Community Oriented
Policing System (COPS).
CONCEPT OF COPS
“COPS is a philosophy of full service, personalized policing where the same patrol officers works in
the same area on a permanent basis, from a decentralized place, working in a proactive partnership with
the citizens to identify and solve problems.”
ELEMENTS OF COPS
1. Philosophy – the present and future crime and other disorder requires the police to provide full
service policing and problem solving with the active participation and support of the community.
2. Personalized – officers should have person to person contact with the members of the community
3. Patrol – officers must work and patrol their defined beat or AOR as often as possible.
4. Permanent – officers should be assigned permanently for at least 18 months to defined beat.
5. Place – the AOR should be divided/sectorized into distinct neighborhoods in urban areas and clusters
of barangays in rural areas.
6. Proactive – shall have proactive focus of pre-empting, preventing, suppressing, and deterring crimes.
Anticipate or at least detect as early as possible the occurrence of crimes.
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7. Policing – provide full service policing in the community
8. Problem Solving – includes those abets or serves as breeding grounds of crime
9. Partnership – establish community partnership
PART II
POLICE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
IMPORTANT TERMS
1. Communication – in general, it is the transfer of thought or idea from one person to another through
channel or medium. Technically, it refers to equipment used which can be electrical or electronic used to
exchange information.
2. Communications – refers to the technical field of study or science which involves exchange of
information through various channels.
3. Communications Medium – the language or code used in transferring information or idea.
4. Amplitude Modulation – modulation in which the amplitude of a wave is subject to variation of
changes. This is used in single side band, double side band, and independent side band.
5. Frequency Modulation – the amplitude is made constant in the carrier wave together with the signal.
6. Antenna – metallic wire or rod used for radiating and receiving waves to and from space. Also termed
Aerial.
7. Coordinating Center – is a center base station of a police or law enforcement communications. Also
called Center.
8. Intercommunication (Inter-Com) – wires system used within a building or compound for direct
exchange of calls
9. Intra-Communication – a communication existing within a province, organization or communication
that exists between institutions of farthest distance.
10. Radio – a communication by means of electromagnetic waves transmitted through space.
11. Landline – is a wired form of communication
12. Television Broadcasting (Telecast) – a form of broadcasting through television
13. Subscriber – refers to person, residence or office connected to the Private Base Exchange (PBX)
14. Dispatcher – personnel in police communication center charged with receiving and transmitting of
messages.
POLICE COMMUNICATIONS – refers to the technical means used by the police which consists of
interrelated but relatively independent sub-systems such as telephone, telegraph, teletype, radio and
television systems and other electronic and automated processes.
Police Radio Operator/Voice Radio Operator/ Dispatcher/ Coordinator – is a person charged with
receiving and transmitting information and is trained in his job.
Quest Review Center – Police Patrol Operation with Police Communications System 21
4. Expressiveness – use of normal tone of voice which should not be too fast or too slow. The tone of
voice will vary on meaning of sentence that the operator is saying
5. Distinctiveness – it involves speaking clearly and distinctly by moving the lips, tongue and jaw freely.
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
Radio – is a system of communication using electromagnetic waves propagated through space
A. Radio Waves
The radio or electromagnetic waves travel as fast as the speed of light at 186,000 miles per
second or 300,000 kilometers per second.
B. Radio Transmitters – generates electrical oscillations at a radio frequency called the carrier frequency
b.1. Oscillation Generator – converts electrical power into oscillations of a predetermined radio
frequency
b.2. Amplifiers – increases the intensity of oscillations while retaining the desired frequency
b.3. Transducer – converts the information to be transmitted into varying electrical voltage
proportional to each successive instantaneous intensity.
C. Radio Receivers
c.1. Antenna – receives the electromagnetic waves and converts them into electrical oscillations
c.2. Amplifier – increases the intensity of oscillations
c.3. Demodulator – detection equipment for demodulating
c.4. Speaker – converts the impulses into sound waves audible by the human ear
c.5. Oscillators – to generate radio frequency that can be mixed with incoming waves.
Quest Review Center – Police Patrol Operation with Police Communications System 22
Associated Public Safety Communication 10-48 Traffic standards needed repairs
officers, Inc. 10-49 Traffic lights out
10-50 Accident
APCO TEN SIGNALS 10-51 Wrecker needed
10-52 Ambulance needed
10-0 Caution 10-53 Road Blocked
10-1 Unable to copy/Change Location 10-54 Firestock highway
10-2 Signal good 10-55 Intoxicated driver
10-3 Stop transmitting 10-56 Intixicated pedestrian
10-4 Acknowledgement/ Roger 10-57 Hit and Run
10-5 Relay 10-58 Direct traffic
10-6 Busy-standby unless urgent 10-59 Convoy or escort
10-7 Out of service 10-60 Squad in vicinity
10-8 In Service 10-61 Personnel in area
10-9 Repeat/ Say again 10-62 Reply to message
10-10 Fight in progress 10-63 Prepare to make written copy
10-11 Dog case 10-64 Message to local delivery
10-12 Stand-by 10-65 Next message assignment
10-13 Weather and road report 10-66 Message cancellation
10-14 Report of prowler 10-67 Clear to net message
10-15 Civil disturbance 10-68 Dispatch information
10-16 Domestic trouble 10-69 Message received
10-17 Meet complainant 10-70 Fire alarm
10-18 Complete the assignment quickly 10-71 Nature of fire
10-19 Return to______ 10-72 Report progress in fire
10-20 Location 10-73 Smoke report
10-21 Call______ by telephone 10-74 Negative
10-22 Disregard 10-75 In contact with
10-23 Arrived at scene 10-76 En route
10-24 Assignment complete 10-77 ETA (estimate time of arrival)
10-25 Report in person (meet) 10-78 Need assistance
10-26 Detaining subject, expedite 10-79 Notified
10-27 Drivers License Information 10-80 Kidnapping
10-28 Vehicle Registration Information 10-81 Stolen vehicle
10-29 Check record for wanted 10-82 Reserve lodging
10-30 Illegal use of radio 10-83 Found vehicle
10-31 Crime progress 10-84 If meeting advice ETA
10-32 Man with gun 10-85 Will be late
10-33 Emergency 10-86 Missing person
10-34 Riot 10-87 Pick-up checks for distribution
10-35 Major crime alert 10-88 Advice precent telephone number of
10-36 Correct time 10-89 Found person
10-37 Investigate suspicious vehicle 10-90 Bank alarm
10-38 Stopping suspicious vehicle 10-91 Unnecessary use of radio
10-39 Urgent use light and siren 10-92 Wanted person
10-40 Silent run- no light or siren 10-93 Blockade
10-41 Beginning of tour of duty 10-94 Drag racing
10-42 Ending tour of duty 10-95 Stole cattle
10-43 Information 10-96 Mental subject
10-44 Request permission to leave patrol 10-97 Secret
10-45 Animal carcass in lane at________ 10-98 Prison jail break
10-46 Assist motorist 10-99 Record indicate wanted or stolen
10-47 Emergency road repairs needed
Quest Review Center – Police Patrol Operation with Police Communications System 23