Kul-24.

4130
Shipyard engineering

Lecture 2-1:
Design processes and systems

Applied Mechanics
Marine Technology
Lecture in course contents
Production Introduction
planning

Shipbuilding process and

ship yard productivity

Outfitting

Design process
and materials
management

Hull production
Objectives, contents and literature
• Learning objective:
– Understand the stages of ship design process and their main
contents
– Recognize the tools used to design and understand their meaning
in terms of design process
• Contents:
– Main stages of ship design
– Design objectives
– Design tools
– Design systems
• Literature
– Laivatekniikka. Räisänen toim., 2000
– Ship production, Storch et al., SNAME, 1995
Main stages of ship design

• Concept design
• Preliminary
design
• Basic design
• Detail design or
engineering
• Commissioning
• Warranty
Activity aiming to ship contract

• Initial design of ship including the Concept design

definition of ships technical
characteristics and performance Preliminary
design
• Creation of the technical material needed
for the tender and contract Basic
design
• Estimation of the design and material
cost for ship project
Detail design
• Quantitative calculations to support (Engineering)
production planning
Commissioning
• Sales support in technical issues and warranty
Ship performance characteristics
• Lightship weight - Deadweight Concept design
• Capacities
– tanks, cargo hold, number of cabins Preliminary
design
• Stability, trim
• Resistance, propulsion Basic
design
• Seakeeping
• Fuel consumption Detail design
• Noise (Engineering)

• Vibration Commissioning
• Emissions and warranty
Basic design
• Extension of the initial design and to
Concept design
ensure ship performance characteristics
• Refinement of general arrangement Preliminary
• Basic design of the ship hull (classification) design

• Basic design of ship systems and

Basic
arrangements design
• Routing and space reservations
• Approval of the technical documents with Detail design
(Engineering)
customer, classification society and
authorities
Commissioning
• Continue in the next slide .... and warranty
Basic design
• Procurement and reservation of the key Concept design
materials defined in systems schemas and
arrangements Preliminary
• Approval of the materials with customer design
i.e. ship owner
Basic
• Acquisition of knowledge from the design
suppliers and requirement transmission to
the suppliers Detail design
• Preparation of plans, guidelines, list of (Engineering)
standard solutions needed for the detail
design and engineering Commissioning
and warranty
• Creation of production plan
Detail design
• Creation of the workshop drawings, material Concept design
lists, and numerical data for hull production
• Creation of the workshop drawings and Preliminary
materials lists as well as material procurement design
– Pre-fabrication and workshops
– Block outfitting and material logistics Basic
– Area outfitting design
• Supplement of materials procurement
• Material acceptance in factory (quality Detail design
assurance of delivery) (Engineering)

• Support for the assembly and participation of

Commissioning
the working team activities
and warranty
Commissioning and warranty
Concept design
• Confirmation of the technical systems
functionality
Preliminary
• Feedback collection from the production design
and customer i.e. ship owner
• Technical assistance for the production Basic
design
and warranty
• Troubleshooting Detail design
(Engineering)

Commissioning
and warranty
Basic design phases

• Often unclear basic design (everything Basic

affects everything) can be structured, for design
example, as follows: Basic
– Basic project project
– Technical project 1 (TP1)
– Technical project 2 (TP2) Techical
project 1
– Technical project 3 (TP3)
• In that way, the basic design can be Techical
project 2
coordinated so that design progress
equal rate in various departments Techical
project 3
Basic project

• Duration is about 1 month Basic

design
• Project establishment and operation
planning Basic
• Resource allocation project

• Rechecking of the contract Techical

specifications and confirmation of project 1
ship performance characters Techical
• Fixing on the general arrangement project 2

• Main material procurement Techical

project 3
Technical project 1

• Duration is about 2 month Basic

design
• Theoretical schema for ship systems
• Procurement of main equipment Basic
project
• Refined layout and systems drawings
• Main classification drawings Techical
project 1

Techical
project 2

Techical
project 3
Technical project 2
Basic
• Duration is 1-2 months design
• Details schemas for ship
systems Basic
project
• Routings
Techical
• Schemas for interior design
project 1
• Classification drawings
Techical
project 2

Techical
project 3
Technical project 3
• Duration is about 2 months Basic
• Operation descriptions design
• Instrumentation drawings Basic
• Electric drawings project

Techical
project 1

Techical
project 2

Techical
project 3
Summary of design process
Task / design stage Products Objectives
Preliminary design Hull structure, GA, Good quality/price-ratio,
Performance data, Lines Win the contract
drawing, Cost estimate

Basic design Preliminary layout of the Ship performance

systems Planning the ship
Contracts of materials & production
equipment

Detail design Production & To describe all parts,

manufacturing drawings details and manufacturing
Material allocations in the ship
Importance of design quality

• Preliminary and
basic design quality
has substantial
effect on ship
project success
–About 5% of work
is done
–About 70% of
total costs are
locked
Tools for design
• Two tools are applied to
ensure the success of the
design process:
– Design schedules
• Safran
• Excel
• MS project
• Etc. ...
– Drawing lists
• Kronodoc
• Etc ...
Design schedules

• Design departments create the design schedules to

the shipyards production management systems
• Work tasks for systems, areas or blocks
– Recourse management, man-hour collection
• Timing of the work tasks with help of subtasks
– Work control, work progress reporting

• The certain person is in charge of the schedules

monitoring, maintenance and reporting in ship project
meetings
Drawing lists

• Detailed planning instrument

• Drawing lists are implemented to the shipyard document
management system
• Design departments themselves schedule the basic design
drawings
– Based on the basic design phases (Basic project, TP1, etc.)
• Production departments schedules workshop drawings
– Based on the production phases

• In each department, the certain person is in charge of the

list creation, monitoring, maintenance and reporting in ship
project meetings
Design systems
• Several systems for Objective System
various design Preliminary design NAPA, etc.
objectives FEM (strength analysis) FEMAP, FinnSap, etc.
3D visualiton DeskArtes, etc.
• Each system is
Hull detail design Tribon, etc.
typically developed for
Hull production design TAE, etc.
specific purpose
Design for outfitting Medusa, etc.
including selected
2D and 3D design MedusaShipBuider, etc.
important functions
Design for piping schema MedusaShipBuider, etc.
• Data transfer ability 3D model design MPDS, etc.
between different 3D HVAC design HVAC, etc.
systems is coming Pipe system design Comiso, etc.
more and more Routing design MASA, etc.
important Caple routing design Eldok, etc.
Design systems
• Several systems for
various design
objectives
• Each system is
typically developed for
specific purpose
including selected
important functions
• Data transfer ability
between different
systems is coming
more and more
important
CAD and ship design
• Need to rationalize hull production
initiated the use of CAD in ship Prodictivity of CAD investment
building
• Hydrostatic calculations, strength
and vibration analysis (FEM) are
very demanding and they requested
the use of numerical software
• 2D CAD design is justified: increase
of repeated design solutions, easy
model update, dimensional
accuracy, and more efficient
drawing
• 3D CAD design is utilized in the
design of complex spaces. It seems
to improve design quality and Time
dimensional accuracy
CAD in preliminary design

• Special software is developed for the ship project

design
– Hull shape definitions
– Space definitions
– Geometrical model of ship
• Software development was started already in the
60’s
– NV2000, Pilot, LRpass. ST1, ST10, Napa. Prelikon
– Britfair, Sfolds, Hullsurf, Tribon. Latefair, Cadla, Foran
– McSurf, Autoship
CAD and ship theory

• Displacement, hydrostatic measures

• Capacities, tank volumes
• Load conditions
• Stability, Stability of damaged ship, Stability criteria
• Resistance, propulsion, maneuvering
• Seakeeping
• Loads, longitudinal strength
• Launching
• Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
CAD examples

• Synthesis models (Seakey)

• CAD in preliminary design (Napa)
• CAD for steel design (Tribon, Catia)
• CAD for pipe design (PDS)
• CAD for electric design
• CAD for generic purpose (Autocad)
• Visualization (DeskArtes)
• Technical analysis and calculations
– Structural analysis FEM (FEMAP, FinnSap, Algor)
– Ship theory calculations (Napa)
CAD examples: Ship project design
CAD examples: Steel design
CAD examples: machinery design
CAD examples: Electric design
CAD examples: Interior design
CAD examples: HVAC-design
CAD examples: Deck outfitting
Ship product model
Hull deign flow
• Hierarchical Shape
definition
• Refine and get more
features when the design Classification

process progress Detail design

• Comprehensive ship Drawings

model does not yet exists, Material lists
but the sub models are Cutting
program
very common
– Steel model of hull Hull product model Robot control

– Engine room model

Section

models
draw.

draw.
Ref.

3D
• Product model vs. Data
model
Outfit design
Ship product model

• Hull shape definition

• Deck and bulkhead definition
• Space definition based on hull shape and deck and
bulkhead locations
• Properties related interfaces
– Water tightness, fire compartment, weight, surface treatment
• Space content-related information
– Density, permeability, purpose of use
• Manufacturing-related information
• Relationship to administrative systems