ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL

EFECTO DEL ÁCIDO CLORHÍDRICO Y LA TEMPERATURA EN LA

MORFOLOGÍA DE PIEZAS DENTARIAS SANAS

HYDROCHLORIC ACID EFFECT AND TEMPERATURE IN HEALTHY

MORPHOLOGY TEETH

Lovón W1, Tapia RP2.

RESUMEN

Objetivo: &RPSDUDU OD PRUIRORJtD GH ORV WHMLGRV GXURV HQ SLH]DV GHQWDULDV VDQDV DQWHV \
GHVSXpV GH VHU VRPHWLGDV D OD DFFLyQ GHO iFLGR FORUKtGULFR \ OD WHPSHUDWXUD Material y
métodos:6HFRQIRUPyGRVJUXSRVH[SHULPHQWDOHVHOSULPHUJUXSRGHSLH]DVGHQWDULDVVDQDV
VHVRPHWLyDODDFFLyQGHOiFLGRFORUKtGULFRDOHQXQHVSDFLRGHWLHPSRHQWUHKRUDD
KRUDV\HOVHJXQGRJUXSRVHVRPHWLyDODDFFLyQGHODWHPSHUDWXUDGHJUDGRVFHQWtJUDGRV
DR&FRQOD¿QDOLGDGGHREVHUYDUORVFDPELRVPRUIROyJLFRVResultados:([LVWHHIHFWR
GHOiFLGRFORUKtGULFRDXQDFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHOVREUHODPRUIRORJtDGHODVSLH]DVGHQWD-
ULDVVDQDVHQXQWLHPSRGHKRUDVHOFRORUGHODFRURQDIXHDPDULOORHQDPDULOOR
QDUDQMDODUDt]GHORVGLHQWHVODFRORUDFLyQIXHWUDQVSDUHQWHHQDPDULOORQDUDQMDHQ
HOGHODVSLH]DVGHQWDULDVSUHVHQWDURQXQDFRQVLVWHQFLDEODQGDHQVXFRURQD\
UDt]ODLQWHJULGDGGHODFRURQDFRQGHVWUXFFLyQPRGHUDGDHQODUDt]GHORVGLHQWHVHO
SUHVHQWyGHVWUXFFLyQVHYHUD(QHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLRVHREVHUYyTXHH[LVWHHIHFWRGHOD
DFFLyQGHODWHPSHUDWXUDVREUHODVSLH]DVGHQWDULDVVDQDVHQXQODSVRGHR&DR&
GRQGHVHUHJLVWUyTXHDR&HOSUHVHQWRFRORUJULVDORVR&HOGHORVGLHQ-
WHVSUHVHQWRFRORUJULVDORVR&HOFRORUVHWRUQyDSORPR\¿QDOL]DGDODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
HOFRORUGHODFRURQDDORVR&IXHEODQFRHQHOGHORVGLHQWHVConclusiones: El
HIHFWRGHOiFLGRFORUKtGULFR\ODWHPSHUDWXUDDOWHUDQHOFRORUFRQVLVWHQFLDHLQWHJULGDGGHODV
SLH]DVGHQWDULDVVDQDVHJ~QODSUXHEDHVWDGtVWLFDGH;GHWHUPLQyTXHH[LVWHXQDGLIHUHQFLD
VLJQL¿FDWLYDHQODFRPSDUDFLyQGHOFRORUFRQVLVWHQFLDHLQWHJULGDGGHORVGLHQWHVFRQXQ
QLYHOGHVLJQL¿FDQFLDGH

Palabras clave:3LH]DVGHQWDULDVWHPSHUDWXUDiFLGRFORUKtGULFR

1 Especialista en Estadística Aplicada, Doctor en Odontología.

2 Especialista en Endodoncia, Doctor en Odontología; docente Facultad de Odontología – Universidad
$QGLQD1pVWRU&iFHUHV9HOiVTXH]

149
5HYLVWD&LHQWt¿FD“Investigación Andina”
VOLUMEN 15 – Nº 1 Enero-Junio 2015

SUMMARY

Objective: To compare the morphology of hard tissues in healthy teeth before and after
EHLQJVXEMHFWHGWRWKHDFWLRQRIK\GURFKORULFDFLGDQGWHPSHUDWXUHMaterial and Methods:
)RUPHGWZRH[SHULPHQWDOJURXSV,QWKLVVWXG\WKH¿UVWJURXSRIKHDOWK\WHHWKZDVVXEMHFWHG
WRWKHDFWLRQRIK\GURFKORULFDFLGLQDSHULRGEHWZHHQKRXUWRKRXUVDQGWKHVHFRQG
JURXSZDVVXEMHFWHGWRWKHDFWLRQRIWHPSHUDWXUHRIGHJUHHVFHQWLJUDGHWRƒ&LQ
RUGHUWRREVHUYHPRUSKRORJLFDOFKDQJHVResults: There is effect of hydrochloric acid at a
FRQFHQWUDWLRQRIRQWKHPRUSKRORJ\RIKHDOWK\WHHWKLQDWLPHRIKRXUVWKHFURZQ
FRORUZDV\HOORZLQRUDQJH\HOORZWKHWRRWKURRWZDVWUDQVSDUHQWFRORULQJLQ
WRRUDQJH\HOORZRIWKHWHHWKKDGDVRIWFRQVLVWHQF\LQLWVFURZQDQGURRW
WKHLQWHJULW\RIWKHFURZQZLWKPRGHUDWHGHVWUXFWLRQWKHWRRWKURRWKDGVHYHUH
GHVWUXFWLRQ,QWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\ZHREVHUYHGWKDWWKHUHLVDFWLRQHIIHFWRIWHPSHUDWXUHRQ
KHDOWK\WHHWKLQDVSDQRIƒ&WRƒ&ZKHUHKHUHJLVWHUHGWKDWƒ&IRUVKRZHG
JUD\WRƒ&RIWKHWHHWKSUHVHQWHGJUD\WRƒC color research turned to lead and
¿QLVKHGWKHFURZQFRORUWRƒ&LWZDVZKLWHRIWKHWHHWKConclusion: The effect of
hydrochloric acid and temperature alter the color, consistency and integrity of healthy teeth,
DFFRUGLQJWRWKHVWDWLVWLFDOWHVWRI;GHWHUPLQHGWKDWWKHUHLVDVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHLQWKH
FRPSDULVRQRIFRORUFRQVLVWHQF\DQGLQWHJULW\RIWKHWHHWKZLWKDVLJQL¿FDQFHOHYHORI

Keywords:7HHWKWHPSHUDWXUHK\GURFKORULFDFLG

INTRODUCCIÓN

+LVWyULFDPHQWHORVGLHQWHVVRQORVSULPHURVHOHPHQWRVHVWXGLDGRVSDUDHVWDEOHFHUODLGHQ-
WLGDGGHSHUVRQDVIDOOHFLGDV\VRQXWLOL]DGRVFXDQGRORVFDGiYHUHVTXHGDQLUUHFRQRFLEOHV
SRUGLYHUVDVFDXVDVGHPXHUWH\SRUODPDJQLWXGGHODGHVWUXFFLyQFRUSRUDO(QODVGLYHU-
VDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHPXHUWHORVGLHQWHVVRQODVHVWUXFWXUDVGHOFXHUSRKXPDQRTXHPHMRUVH
conservan, las piezas dentarias por su naturaleza poseen un alto contenido de sales minera-
OHVHOHVPDOWHGHQWDOHVHOWHMLGRPiVGXURGHORUJDQLVPR\VHSUHVHUYDHQFRQGLFLRQHVH[WUH-
PDVGHS+VDOLQLGDGKXPHGDG\DOWDVWHPSHUDWXUDV\SRUVXGXUH]DHQODHVFDODGH0RKVHO
HVPDOWHFRQVWLWX\HODSDUWHPiVGXUDGHOHVTXHOHWRKXPDQR\PiVUHVLVWHQWHDODGHVWUXFFLyQ
SRURWUDSDUWHVHKDGHPRVWUDGRTXHORVGLHQWHVTXHKDQH[SHULPHQWDGRODDFFLyQGLUHFWDGHO
IXHJRSXHGHQSURSRUFLRQDULQIRUPDFLyQDFHUFDGHODHVSHFLHDODTXHSHUWHQHFHQ

/D&ULPLQDOtVWLFD)RUHQVHHQHO3HU~DWUDYpVGHO0LQLVWHULR3~EOLFRUHFRQRFHODUHOHYDQFLD
TXHWLHQHHOHVWXGLRRGRQWROyJLFRSDUDODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQGHFDGiYHUHVHQFLUFXQVWDQFLDVHQ
ODVFXDOHVHOIXHJR\RWURVDJHQWHVH[WHUQRVSURGX]FDQJUDYHVGHIRUPLGDGHVRPXWLODFLRQHVD
ODVYtFWLPDVORTXHGL¿FXOWDODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQHVSRUHOORTXHODVFLHQFLDVIRUHQVHVUHTXLHUHQ
GH XQD SUHFLVD FRPSUHQVLyQ GH ORV FDPELRV ItVLFRV TXH H[SHULPHQWDQ ODV SLH]DV GHQWDOHV
GHELGRDODH[SRVLFLyQDOIXHJRRDOJ~QRWURDJHQWHTXtPLFRGHVWUXFWLYR(QPXFKDVRFDVLR-
QHVORVGLHQWHVVRQORV~QLFRVUHVWRVUHFRQRFLEOHVGHORUJDQLVPRORFXDOSXHGHSHUPLWLUHQ

150
Efecto del ácido clorhídrico y la temperatura en la morfología…
Š£’“š‘¥œšœ¨óš¦“£Žဳ“—œŠ“Šœšœ¡“
determinados casos la comparación de datos antemortem con los postmortem, para llegar a
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VRQFRQVLGHUDGRVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPX\YDOLRVDVGHOFXHUSRKXPDQRFRQORVTXHODRGRQWRORJtD
SXHGHSRQHUDGLVSRVLFLyQGHODVFLHQFLDVIRUHQVHVFRQEDVHFLHQWt¿FD\KDELOLGDGWpFQLFDORV
PHGLRVSDUDLGHQWL¿FDUFDGiYHUHV\RUHVWRVKXPDQRVTXHKDQVLGRDIHFWDGRVSRUODDFFLyQ
GHODWHPSHUDWXUDRGHDOJXQDVXVWDQFLDTXtPLFDFRPRHOiFLGRFORUKtGULFR

(O REMHWLYR GHO SUHVHQWH WUDEDMR IXH FRQRFHU ORV FDPELRV PRUIROyJLFRV TXH SUHVHQWDQ ODV
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GHWHPSHUDWXUDGHVGHƒ&KDVWDƒ&\HVWRVUHVXOWDGRVSXHGDQVHUYLUGHD\XGDDORV
RGRQWyORJRVIRUHQVHVHQODVSHULFLDVGHLGHQWL¿FDFLyQKXPDQD

MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS

/D SUHVHQWH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ HV GH ODERUDWRULR H[SHULPHQWDO FRPSDUDWLYR SURVSHFWLYR

ORQJLWXGLQDOREVHUYDFLRQDO/DWpFQLFDHPSOHDGDIXHODREVHUYDFLyQSDUDUHFRJHULQIRUPDFLyQ
GHODYDULDEOHPRUIRORJtDHQODPRGDOLGDGHVSHFt¿FDGHREVHUYDFLyQH[SHULPHQWDO/DRSFLyQ
DDVXPLUVHIXHODGHJUXSRV6HIRUPDURQJUXSRVGHHVWXGLRGHWLSRH[SHULPHQWDOORVFULWHULRV
GHLQFOXVLyQIXHURQ: 3LH]DVGHQWDULDVVDQDVGHWLSRLQFLVLYRFDQLQRSUHPRODU\PRODUSLH]DV
GHQWDULDVGHKDVWDXQDxRGHDQWLJHGDGORVFULWHULRVGHH[FOXVLyQIXHURQ3LH]DVGHQWDULDVVDQDV
FRQREWXUDFLRQHVFULWHULRVGHHOLPLQDFLyQ3LH]DVGHQWDULDVVDQDVTXHSUHVHQWHQIUDFWXUDHQVX
SDUWHFRURQDORUDGLFXODUHOWDPDxRGHORVJUXSRVVHGHWHUPLQyPHGLDQWHIyUPXODHVWDGtVWLFD
para investigaciones experimentales.

Para la presente investigación se reunió un total de 36 piezas dentarias sanas, las cuales se
GHSRVLWDURQ HQ IUDVFRV GH YLGULR FRQ DJXD GHVWLODGD SDUD PDQWHQHU VX FRQVHUYDFLyQ /RV
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FORUKtGULFRLQFLVLYRVFDQLQRVPRODUHVJUXSR1ƒGLHQWHVVDQRVVRPHWLGRVDODDFFLyQ
de la temperatura: 3 incisivos, 3 caninos, 6 molares. En el pre test, se procedió a la toma de
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GHQWDODQRWDGDHQOD¿FKDGHREVHUYDFLyQH[SHULPHQWDO\IRWRJUDItDVGHODVSLH]DVGHQWDULDV
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SLH]DGHQWDOHQPOGHiFLGRFORUKtGULFRDO33HQWXERVGHHQVD\RSRUXQHVSDFLRGH
WLHPSRGHKRUDV\VHUHFROHFWDUDQGDWRVDODSULPHUD\VHJXQGDKRUDGHVSXpVVHUHFROHFWD-
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IXHURQVRPHWLGDVDR&R&R&R&R&R&R&R&R&
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151
5HYLVWD&LHQWt¿FD“Investigación Andina”
VOLUMEN 15 – Nº 1 Enero-Junio 2015

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GHHVWDGtVWLFDGHVFULSWLYDIUHFXHQFLDVDEVROXWDV\HVWDGtVWLFDLQIHUHQFLDOGH&KLFXDGUDGR

RESULTADOS

/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHODSUHVHQWHLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHPXHVWUDQTXHH[LVWHHIHFWRGHOiFLGRFORUKtGULFR
DXQDFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHOVREUHODPRUIRORJtDGHODVSLH]DVGHQWDULDVVDQDVHQXQWLHPSR
GHKRUDVHOFRORUGHODFRURQDGHORVGLHQWHVIXHDPDULOORHQDPDULOORQDUDQMD\
VRORHOPDUUyQHQFXDQWRDODUDt]GHORVGLHQWHVODFRORUDFLyQIXHWUDQVSDUHQWHHQ
DPDULOORQDUDQMDHQ\DPDULOOR7DEODHQORTXHVHUH¿HUHDODFRQVLVWHQFLDHO
GHODVSLH]DVGHQWDULDVSUHVHQWDURQXQDFRQVLVWHQFLDEODQGDHQVXFRURQD\UDt]VLPLODUHV
UHVXOWDGRVIXHURQUHJLVWUDGRVSRU/R]DQRTXLHQVRPHWLyGLHQWHVDOHIHFWRGHOiFLGRFORUKtGULFR
HQFRQWUDQGRXQDFRQVLVWHQFLDEODQGDHQODFRURQD\UDt]HQHOPLVPRODSVRGHWLHPSRVLQ
HPEDUJRHQORTXHUHVSHFWDDOFRORUGHODFRURQD/R]DQRHQFRQWUyFRORUWUDQVSDUHQWHWUDQVFX-
UULGDVODVKRUDVHVWHDVSHFWRSXHGHGHEHUVHDODGLIHUHQFLDHQHOSRUFHQWDMHGHFRQFHQWUDFLyQ
GHOiFLGRXWLOL]DGRHQDPERVHVWXGLRV\WDPELpQDOWLSRGHGLHQWHXVDGRHQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ

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VyORHOGHVWUXFFLyQPRGHUDGD7DEOD

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152
Efecto del ácido clorhídrico y la temperatura en la morfología…
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mación de las personas, así como del medio utilizado para desaparecer los indicios, estos
criterios acompañados de otros medios antropológicos, podrían complementar el peritaje de
LGHQWL¿FDFLyQGHODYtFWLPDFRQDOWDSUREDELOLGDG

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153
154

5HYLVWD&LHQWt¿FD“Investigación Andina”
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OBSERVACIONES
INTEGRIDAD

POSTTEST
PRE TIEMPO
TEST 1H 2H 4H 6H 8H + 12H 14H 16H 18H + 22H 24H

No  No.  No  No  No  No  No  No  No  No  No  No  No  No 
Sin
Alteraciones 18 100 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Destrucción
leve 0 0 16 88 7 39 1 6 1 6 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Destrucción
moderada 0 0 1 6 11 61 17 94 17 94 16 88 17 94 17 94 17 94 15 83 15 83 14 78 13 72 11 61

Destrucción
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 3 17 3 17 4 22 5 28 7 39
severa
TOTAL 18  18  18  18  18  18  18  18  18  18  18  18  18  18 

VOLUMEN 15 – Nº 1 Enero-Junio 2015

; 3 3
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Efecto del ácido clorhídrico y la temperatura en la morfología…

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DISCUSIÓN

Los resultados del presente estudio concuerdan con los encontrados por Lozano como
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 /R]DQR2(VWRPDWRORJtDIRUHQVHUD(GLFLyQ0H[LFR')(GLWRULDO7ULOODV
 0RUHQR-0RQWR\D$*RPH]'HWDO6LWXDFLyQGHVDOXGEXFDO\HVWDGRSURWpVLFRGHO
SDFLHQWHHGHQWDGRELPD[LODUTXHDFXGHDODIDFXOWDGGHRGRQWRORJtDGHODXQLYHUVLGDG
GHDQWLRTXLDXQHVWXGLRSLORWR5HY)DF2GRQWRO8QLY$QWLRT
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GH%RJRWi
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IXHJRGLUHFWRVHJ~QHGDGFURQROyJLFD5HYLVWD&LHQFLD2GRQWROyJLFD9RO(QHUR±-XQLR
8QLYHUVLGDGGHO=XOLD±9HQH]XHOD([WUDtGRGHZZZUHGDO\FRUJ
 %RZHUV0LFKDHO)RUHQVLF'HQWDO(YLGHQFHUD(GLFLyQ(GLWRULDO(OVHYLHU%RVWRQ
0DVVDFKXVHWWV(VWDGRV8QLGRV
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157
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VOLUMEN 15 – Nº 1 Enero-Junio 2015

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dos Unidos.
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2006.
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951-821575
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958-233623

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