Health, Environment and Safety Handbook

HEALTH,
ENVIRONMENT,
AND SAFETY
HANDBOOK
March 2008
This Handbook belongs to: ___________________________________________
Site Specific Orientation:
Location: __________________________________
Date: ______________________________________
Presented by: ______________________________
Emergency Contacts:
Fire: _________________________________________
Medical: ______________________________________
II
Welcome to Marathon!
We have only the highest expectations regarding your safety performance

while on our site. At Marathon, our HES Values are “Safe, Clean,
Responsible”. This handbook will provide you with an overview of
Marathon’s Standards, Policies, and expectations to help you while on our
site. It does not contain everything you need to know to do your job safely.
If you are unsure or need more information, ask your supervisor or the
Marathon representative on site. Please take the time to read, understand
and, most importantly, apply this information to your work activities.
Marathon strongly supports the principles of Safety Leadership. You are

responsible for your safety and the safety of those around you. We expect
you to: participate in pre-job meetings; ask questions; be observant for
hazards at all times; report incidents, unsafe acts and conditions; and to
stop the job when you have concerns that it cannot be conducted in a safe
and environmentally sound manner.
To live our Vision and to achieve HES excellence, Marathon needs your
commitment to take responsibility. We want you to be safe, you want to be
safe, and your family and loved ones need you to come home from work
safe. So please commit to joining us on our journey to HES excellence.
Jim Bowzer
Vice President – North America Production Operations
Mitch Little
General Manager – Worldwide Drilling & Completions
III
Marathon Oil Company
Health, Environment, and Safety Policy Statement
The Corporation’s commitment to high standards of Health, Environmental and Safety

(HES) performance is supported by the 12 principles below. Where applicable, we will
use a management system approach designed around the “Plan-Do-Check-Act”
framework and aligned with internationally recognized standards to achieve continual
improvement in these areas.
Accident Prevention: Our goal is an accident and injury free workplace, with 100
percent safe work practices and conditions throughout our operations.
Prevention of Pollution & Resource Conservation: We are committed to

environmental protection and emphasize to the extent practical resource conservation
and the minimization of wastes, emissions, and releases throughout our operations.
Communities: We are dedicated to being a good neighbor in the communities

where we work. We will conduct our operations safely and responsibly and we will
consult proactively with stakeholders on issues of mutual interest.
Security and Emergency Preparedness: Security and emergency preparedness

are vital functions and the responsibility of management, supervisors and employees at
all levels. We will maintain emergency plans to protect everyone in and around our
facilities, the environment, and our corporate resources.
Risk Assessment: Management of risk is fundamental to safe operations, products

and services. We will systematically identify potential hazards, assess their relative
significance, and develop reduction measures to ensure risks are properly addressed.
Legislative and Regulatory Compliance: We will comply with all applicable HES
laws, regulations, and other requirements to which the organization subscribes. Within
our sphere of influence, we will actively participate in the development of responsible
laws, regulations and standards regarding HES issues.
Training and Education: We will ensure that employees understand their HES
responsibilities and that they are trained and competent to perform their assignments
effectively. We will support education and research on the health, environmental and
safety effects of our products and processes.
IV
Product Stewardship: We will provide information to and work with applicable parties
to foster the safe use, handling, transportation, storage, recycling, reuse and disposal of
our materials, products, and wastes.
Contractor Performance: Recognizing that our contractors are pivotal to achieving our
HES goals, we will monitor their performance, use the results in the selection process,
and work with our contractors to align our common interests and promote HES
excellence.
Measurement of Performance: Our HES performance will be measured regularly

using key indicators. Our operations will also be monitored for compliance with
applicable HES legislative and regulatory requirements through periodic reviews and
audits.
Continuous Improvement: Our management systems provide a framework for setting

targets, measuring performance, and reporting results. We will employ these systems
to achieve continual improvement in our overall HES performance.
Communication: We will clearly communicate our HES commitments, responsibilities

and performance to our employees, the public and other key stakeholders.
V
Table of Contents
Page
I Introduction................................................................................ 1
II Marathon and Contract Employee Expectations........................ 1
III Short Service Employees .......................................................... 2
IV HES Management System ........................................................ 2
V Safety Leadership...................................................................... 3
VI Veley’s Problem Solving Index (vPSI) ....................................... 4
VII Pre-Job...................................................................................... 5
VIII Health, Environment, and Safety Meetings ............................... 6
IX Process Safety Management (PSM) ......................................... 6
X HES Auditing ............................................................................. 7
XI General Safety Rules ................................................................ 7
• Smoking
• Accident Reporting
• Clothing (Non-Office Work Locations)
• Horseplay
• Housekeeping
• Lifting
• Ladders
• Machine Guards
• Slips, Trips, and Falls
• Unauthorized Drugs, Intoxicating Beverages, Weapons
and Stolen Property
• Workplace Violence
XII Office Safety ............................................................................ 12
XIII Hazard Communication (Right to Know) ................................. 12
• Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
• Methane
• Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)
• Lead
• Asbestos
• Benzene
XIV Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)..................................... 17
• Head Protection
• Hand Protection
• Eye and Face Protection
• Foot Protection
VI
• Hearing Protection
• Respiratory Protection
• Fall Protection
• Special Protective Clothing
XV Fire Prevention ........................................................................ 23
XVI Emergency Response ............................................................. 24
XVII Safe Work Permitting............................................................... 25
XVIII Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) ...................... 26
XIX Electrical Safety....................................................................... 27
XX Hot Work/Welding.................................................................... 30
XXI Confined Space Entry.............................................................. 31
XXII Trenching and Evacuation ....................................................... 32
XXIII Change Management .............................................................. 34
XXIV Production and Drilling Equipment .......................................... 36
• Tanks
• Wellhead Assembly
• Pumping Units
• Heater Treaters and Line Heaters
• Rig Floor and Mud System Tanks
• Blowout Preventer Assembly
• Opening Flanges, Valves and Unions
• Meter Buildings
• Compressors
• Pumps
• Relief Valves
• Compressed Gas Cylinders
• Pressure Vessels
• Pigging Equipment
• Perforating Equipment
XXV Material Handling Equipment .................................................. 40
•
Winch trucks
•
Cranes
•
Hoists
•
Forklifts
XXVI Load Binders ........................................................................... 41
XXVII Hand Tools .............................................................................. 43
XXVIII Transportation ......................................................................... 43
• Vehicle
• Helicopter
VII
• Boat
XXIX First Aid ................................................................................... 46
XXX Offshore Safety........................................................................ 46
• Transportation Offshore
• Arrival Offshore
• Pollution Prevention
• Station Bill
• Emergency Response
• Housekeeping
XXXI Occupational Health and Hygiene ........................................... 49

• Drinking Water
• Heat Stress
• Cold Weather
• Bloodborne Pathogens
• Other Health Concerns
XXXII Protection of the Environment ................................................. 51
• Waste Management
• Hydrocarbon and Chemical Spills
• Plants and Wildlife
• Discharge and Air Emissions
• Other Threats to the Environment
XXXIII Security……………………………………………………………...52
Appendix A “Safe Lifting Guide”
Appendix B “Facial Hair Graphics”
Appendix C “Basic Crane Hand Signals”
Appendix D “Soil Classification and Sloping Requirements”
References
Training Records
Notes
VIII
I. INTRODUCTION
This handbook provides an overview of Marathon Oil Company’s

(Marathon) basic health, environment, and safety protection rules that
must be followed. Additional detailed information is contained in
Marathon’s Health, Environment, and Safety Standards. Copies of these
standards can be obtained from your supervisor or an HES representative.
This booklet is not intended to cover every aspect of safety and

environmental protection - if you are unsure of the proper procedures or
equipment needed for a particular task or if you have any health,
environmental, or safety concerns - ASK.
II. MARATHON AND CONTRACT EMPLOYEE EXPECTATIONS
Marathon considers HES performance to be a cornerstone of its business,

and meeting the commitment of HES excellence is a responsibility shared
by everyone. All Marathon and Contract employees are expected to
adhere to the following expectations:
• Everyone has the responsibility to STOP WORK THAT IS NOT SAFE
– AND CONTINUE ONLY WHEN CONDITIONS ARE MADE SAFE.
• Participate in safety meetings, safety inspections, tailgate safety
meetings, behavior based safety, and other safety programs.
• Identify and correct hazardous situations within their control.
• Report all incidents, regardless of severity, to the appropriate Marathon
representative immediately (e.g. injuries, illnesses, fires, spills, near-
misses, unsafe acts, unsafe conditions, etc).
• Always use the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) for the
job.
• Work with only safe tools and equipment and follow manufacturer
recommendations.
• Follow the safety instructions and be alert to warnings posted at the
work sites.
• Actively participate in all HES required training.
• Have documentation of training.
• Know and understand the site emergency procedures.
• Maintain a clean work area.
• Know the right way to protect the environment. If you don’t know –
ask. Use secondary containment where there is a possibility of spills.
• Comply with all applicable HES laws and regulations.
1
It takes a committed effort from everyone to ensure that our workplace is
safe. No measure of safety is as important as the one of everyone
returning home at the end of the day in the same condition as when they
arrived.
Additionally, Contractors are expected to have a Case Management Plan to

ensure that injured employees receive proper medical attention, and return to
work in a timely manner. This plan should discuss your procedures if an
incident occurs, which medical facilities and/or physicians are familiar with
industrial injuries, and options for returning to work.
III. SHORT SERVICE EMPLOYEES
Any Marathon or contract employee with less than six months experience in
their current work location and who potentially has limited knowledge of job
function, employer’s policies, plans and procedures, and the inherent hazards
associated with their site specific job responsibilities is considered to be
“inexperienced.”
Inexperienced employees are required to wear either an inexperienced

Employee Hard Hat, distinguished by color, or inexperienced Employee
Sticker.
An office employee going to the field without any field experience would be
classified as inexperienced.
Upon completion of a six month period and approval from their immediate
supervisor, the inexperienced employee may remove the stickers and wear a
white hard hat.
IV. HES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Global Performance System (GPS) is a performance based management

system to manage HES, Security and Social Responsibility. GPS serves
as our guidelines or operating framework and is based upon the Plan-Do-
Check-Review improvement cycle illustrated in the diagram below. It
establishes clear and consistent performance expectations across all of
Marathon’s global operations, building upon programs and procedures
already in place. Contractors are expected to review these guidelines and
work within them.
2
V. SAFETY LEADERSHIP
Marathon is dedicated to the principles of Safety Leadership. In 2006 Our

Leadership Team – Leadership Development & Safety workshop program was
developed as a process to improve overall safety at Marathon Oil and create a
work environment where safety is a “core value” to all personnel. We expect
every employee, Contractor and Company, to practice safety leadership.
Marathon’s Safety Leadership beliefs are founded on two critical elements:

1. Extraordinary Leadership is about building relationships of trust at all
levels of the organization, including our contractors. We are all “leaders,”
as each of us influences the behaviors and actions of those we lead,
including our co-workers and our family members.
2. We are responsible for the choices that we make and the choices
those around us make…especially regarding safety and productivity. The
measure of a leader is determined by the behavior of the followers.
Strong Leaders demonstrate the following behaviors:

1. Professional Communication Skills
2. Interpersonal Leadership Skills
3. Coaching for Improved Safety and Productivity Performance
4. Taking Responsibility and Handling Conflict Professionally
3
VI. Veley’s Problem Solving Index (vPSI)
vPSI is a tool Marathon uses during incident investigations to evaluate the

effectiveness of corrective actions. This process targets those unplanned
events that are work related and have potential to damage property, the
environment or can cause serious injuries.
The vPSI rating system does the following:

• Discourages ineffective solutions which permit reoccurrence of
problems;
• Leads to the development of a metric which gives an indication of
safety improvement in the work environment;
• Enables the effectiveness of corrective actions to be known in
advance;
• Evaluates the problem to determine underlying, people-based causes
for unplanned events; and
• Leads to long term solutions.
One important objective in the vPSI process is to develop 1 or 2 corrective

actions that solve the problem. Corrective action types range from 0 to 3
with 3 being the best. They are defined as follows:
Type 0 – Not a corrective action – does nothing to prevent the unplanned

event because it either has not been assigned, has not been given a due
date, or does not address the unplanned event. Type 0 corrective actions
are only implemented when they involve repair or installation of a
protective system such as an automatic shutdown, a fire or gas detection
system, etc., or add to the value of the business in some other manner.
Type 1 corrective actions are those where the immediate problem is
addressed only at that single location. This type of corrective action does
not address other similar problems or prevent future reoccurrences of the
same problem. This solution is supervisor dependent.
Type 2 corrective actions address the problem within a larger field of
influence than Type 1 corrective actions, but do not include measures to
prevent future occurrences of the same problem. This solution is
supervisor dependent.
Type 3 corrective actions are long term corrections to prevent a future
reoccurrence of the problem. It involves changing (improving) some
business process to optimize the result, resulting in the avoidance of a
similar situation. This solution is a business process change and will
continue without the supervisor implementing it each time.
The use of this process will result in continuous improvement in the

business processes that drive safe work performance.
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VII. PRE-JOB
Before any work begins, everyone must be knowledgeable about the job
and their responsibilities to complete it safely. Tailgate Safety Meetings
and vPSI assignment style Job Safety Analysis (JSA) are two tools used
to accomplish these requirements.
A Pre-Job/Tailgate Safety Meeting Report shall be completed, and a

meeting conducted daily, prior to starting any job or task involving more
than one person, contractor or Marathon. This is to ensure that hazards
are identified and evaluated and that adequate precautions are
implemented before work begins. Each person directly involved in the job
or task should be present during the meeting and sign the report to
acknowledge that they understand the potential hazards and their job
responsibilities. Additional meetings and/or updates should be conducted
if the scope of work or the conditions of the job change.
After completing the job a Post-Job Debriefing should be conducted to

determine what, if any, hazards were encountered that had not been
previously identified.
The JSA is a process used to identify hazards associated with a specific

activity and implement control measures to eliminate or minimize them,
prior to beginning work. A JSA is not a replacement for a Tailgate Safety
Meeting, but a tool used to compliment the meeting.
A planned task is broken into steps:

• Sequence of Basic job Steps – list all the segments needed to perform
the job;
• Potential Hazards – identify every existing or potential energy source;
and
• Recommended Preventive Corrective Action – eliminate or control the
hazards by assigning responsibility to a specific individual.
The JSA is a permanent working tool, which should be revised as needed.

Corrective actions from incidents should be directed back to an improved
JSA and shared appropriately.
Performing JSAs should be a team effort. By involving others in the

process, you reduce the possibility of overlooking a potential hazard and
increase the likelihood of identifying the most appropriate preventive
corrective actions. Reviewing JSAs prior to beginning a new job promotes
clarification and hazard awareness.
Both completed and blank JSAs can be downloaded from Marathon’s HES
Homepage under “Job Safety Analyses.”
5
VIII. HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, AND SAFETY MEETINGS
HES meetings will be held on a periodic basis to discuss the needs and
concerns of individual locations. The meetings should be scheduled to
include as many personnel as possible and attendance should be
recorded. If possible, future meetings should be scheduled to include
those who missed the previous meeting.
HES meetings are an excellent opportunity to discuss the safety and

environmental implications of field problems, potential hazards, work
assignments, previous incidents, and changes in Marathon HES
programs. However, problems encountered during work should be
addressed immediately and not postponed to discuss at a meeting.
IX. PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT (PSM)
Process Safety Management (PSM) was developed by OSHA following

several incidents involving Highly Hazardous Chemicals (HHCs). This
program is designed to prevent or minimize the catastrophic effects of
unplanned HHC releases. The following Fourteen elements comprise the
PSM regulation:
• Employee Participation • Hot Work Permits

• Process Safety Information • Management of Change
• Process Hazard Analysis • Pre-Startup Safety Review
• Operating Procedures • Incident Investigation
• Training • Emergency Planning
• Contractors • Compliance Audits
• Mechanical Integrity • Trade Secrets
It is essential that employees and contractors working at a PSM regulated

facility demonstrate an understanding of these fourteen elements and the
impact they have in performing their job safely. PSM should be a
continuous improvement process based on the participation and
responsiveness of each employee.
If for any reason you feel as though PSM is being neglected notify your
supervisor immediately.
For more information regarding PSM contact the Marathon HES

Department or refer to 29 CFR 1910.119.
6
X. HES AUDITING
To ensure regulatory compliance and common good practice, Marathon

periodically audits both company owned assets and contractor safety
performance.
Contractor Audits
Contractors are audited to verify the effectiveness of their HES policies and
programs, verify compliance with regulatory and contractual requirements, and to
identify measures necessary to reduce risks while working for Marathon.
Contractors are notified by letter approximately two weeks prior to the audit,
outlining the scope of the audit, work site(s) to be covered, information/access
requirements, and the date and time of the audit opening conference.
After an audit has been conducted, a list of findings, if any, will be provided to
contract management with the expectation that they will be properly addressed.
Marathon Facility Audits
Marathon uses a 3-tiered HES auditing program to measure implementation and

use of the Global Performance System (GPS).
The Tier I HES Audit is a periodic review of a Component’s facilities to self-
monitor HES performance.
Tier II HES Audits are systematic compliance assurance reviews conducted to

assess compliance with applicable HES requirements. Tier II Audits are lead by
an approved third party contractor with the audit team comprised of Marathon
employees from other assets.
Tier III HES audits are independently conducted component reviews of

Marathon’s management system, the Global Performance System (GPS).
All employees, including contractors, are responsible for cooperating with and
providing information to HES audit team members, as requested.
XI. GENERAL SAFETY RULES
Smoking - Smoking is prohibited in all Marathon offices

and facilities except in specifically designated “smoking
areas”. NEVER SMOKE IN OR NEAR COMPRESSOR
BUILDINGS, NEAR WELLS, AT STORAGE
LOCATIONS, OR IN THE VICINITY OF ANY
HYDROOCARBONS OR PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT.
SMOKING AT ALL SITES SHALL BE IN
DESIGNATED LOCATIONS ONLY.
Accident Reporting - ALL ACCIDENTS, INJURIES AND NEAR MISSES ARE
7
TO BE REPORTED IMMEDIATLY. Any incident associated with Marathon
activities involving personnel injury, damage to the environment or equipment, or
which could have resulted in injury or damage, shall be reported to your
supervisor and Marathon immediately, but no later than 24 hours after the
incident where immediate reporting is not possible.
NOTE: The procedures to be followed, persons to be notified, and method
of notification are addressed in the Marathon HES Standard “Work-related
Injury / Illness Reporting.”
Clothing (Non-Office Work Locations) - Due to the danger of fire and possible
exposure to hazardous chemicals or physical hazards, short pants, tank tops,
sleeveless shirts, or loose/poorly fitting or torn clothing are not allowed. Clothing
made of synthetic materials, such as polyester, has been shown to contribute to
the severity of burns received from fires; therefore, wearing such clothing is
discouraged. Clothing made from certain fabrics, such as 100% cotton, can
provide additional burn protection in flash fires. Flame resistant clothing (FRC)
may be required in designated areas or when performing a specific task where a
reasonable potential for a flash fire exists.
Jewelry, such as rings, chain bracelets, or dangling earrings can cause injuries
and are discouraged, especially when working around machinery or moving
parts. Personnel who work near moving machinery or rotating tools and
equipment and whose long hair or beard may constitute a hazard must tie hair
back or secure it to prevent entanglement.
Chemical protective clothing such as chemical resistant aprons, coveralls, or
slicker suits, chemical resistant gloves, and safety-toed chemical resistant boots
will be worn whenever a person is working with acids or other hazardous
chemicals. Chemical protective clothing will be selected in accordance with the
applicable MSDS.
Due to the concerns regarding skin cancer associated with exposure to ultraviolet
rays from sunlight, it is recommended that personnel apply sunscreen to all
exposed skin prior to working outdoors and re-apply as needed. It is advised to
use a sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 15 or higher.
Choosing long-sleeve shirts and using insect repellent will help reduce the
exposure to insects that may carry potentially serious viruses. Repellent should
be applied when working outdoors especially at dawn and dusk and should be
reapplied as recommended by the product manufacturer.
Horseplay - Horseplay and practical jokes are not allowed.

Housekeeping - Good housekeeping is important to a successful safety
program. Proper housekeeping will eliminate a number of serious hazards and
help your job run smoothly. Clean up any messy or disorganized areas in the
plant, labs and in the office.
8
Trash and other wastes shall be properly disposed of for
protection of the environment. Unauthorized or improper
waste disposal will not be tolerated by Marathon.
Lifting - Improper lifting techniques are the cause of many serious injuries. When
lifting, follow these simple rules to avoid injuring your back:
• Use hoists, cranes, winches, or other mechanical equipment or get help to lift
any load that is too bulky or too heavy.
• Bend your knees to pick up any object, no matter how light. Lift with your
legs, not with your back.
• Space your feet approximately shoulder width apart for good balance.
• Get a firm grip on the load before the lift is attempted.
• Test the load by lifting one corner or end.
• Take a deep breath prior to lifting. This helps support your spine.
• Do not twist your body at the waist while lifting.
These fundamental principles of safe lifting are illustrated in Appendix A. Do not

attempt to lift a load which is beyond your personal lifting capability.
Ladders – Always check the condition of a ladder before you use it – never use
broken or damaged ladders. If you identify a damaged ladder, remove it from
service and notify your supervisor.
Ladders shall be inspected before each use. Below is a checklist which serves
as guidance during ladder inspections:
• Is the ladder sturdy?

• Are all ladder steps firmly attached to the side rails?
• Are the side rails free from cracks or splits?
• Is all of the hardware secure and in good working order?
• Are ladder feet secure and in good working order?
• Is the ladder free from sharp edges, burrs, etc.?
• Is the ladder free from dirt, grease, etc.?
• Are all ropes, pulleys, and locks on extension ladders in good condition?
• Are the locks and the spreader on stepladders in good condition?
9
Portable ladders shall have an inspection tag attached which shall be marked
every 6 months to verify visual inspections have been made. If a ladder is found
without an inspection tag, complete a thorough inspection and apply a new tag.
Never place tools/material on the platform or top step of a stepladder. Avoid

standing on the ladder’s top three rungs.
Never take extension ladders apart to use either section separately. Ladders
must not be tied or fastened together to create longer sections unless they are
specifically designed for such use.
The top of a ladder must extend at least three feet

beyond the supporting object when used to access
elevated work areas.
Straight ladders must be used at an angle where the

horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the
ladder is approximately one-quarter of the working
length of the ladder.
Select the correct ladder for its intended use and never
exceed the manufacturer’s load capacity for any ladder.
Stepladders shall be made of a nonconductive material such as fiberglass.

Wood and metal ladders are prohibited except when approved by the person in
charge (PIC) for limited use when not in proximity to electrical equipment.
Machine Guards - Guards shall be installed and maintained over moving parts
to prevent contact by personnel. Where guards have been removed for
maintenance purposes, the machine shall be locked and tagged out to prevent
starting.
Slips, trips, and falls - Slips, trips, and falls are a major contributor to injuries
and lost time accidents. Exposed stairs, ladders, and walkways shall be kept
clear of clutter. If necessary, sand or grit shall be applied to increase traction.
Wet walking surfaces and highly waxed or polished floors are some common
examples where traction may be reduced. The proper shoes can decrease your
chance of slipping - select and wear shoes suitable to the walking conditions.
Avoid carrying bulking items and use handrails where provided.
Whenever entering or exiting a vehicle do so facing the cab and use the three-
point rule where at all times two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand
are in contact with the vehicle or ground. Avoid rushing, climbing with something
in your free hand, jumping down and using tires or wheel hubs as steps.
Unauthorized Drugs, Intoxicating Beverages, Weapons and Stolen Property –

10
Marathon maintains and enforces a comprehensive Drug and Alcohol Policy.
Contact any Marathon representative for a copy of the policy or if you have any
questions. Unauthorized drugs, weapons, pyrotechnic or explosive devices,
stolen items, drug paraphernalia, or other such contraband items are not allowed
on any Marathon premises (any office, work location, helicopter, airplane, boat or
vehicle). Consumption or possession of alcohol in either sealed or opened
containers on Marathon premises is prohibited except as specifically authorized
by Marathon.
Entry into any Marathon work location is conditional upon Marathon’s right to
search persons and personal effects for contraband items. Searches shall be
conducted by authorized personnel, in as private and discreet a manner as
practical.
Possession or use of any contraband items or failure to consent to inspection of

personal belongings and person could result in termination of
employment/dismissal from the work site. Consult with your supervisor in the
event that a need exists for you to possess or use any items that would normally
be considered contraband.
It is your responsibility to notify your supervisor when you are taking any
prescription or nonprescription medicine or substance which may impair your
judgment or performance or otherwise adversely affect the normal functions of
your mental faculties or physical abilities.
Workplace Violence - Workplace violence of any nature is not tolerated by

Marathon. Personnel who violate this policy are subject to disciplinary action.
Examples of workplace violence include, but are not limited to wrestling, fighting,
assault with a weapon, car jacking, hitting, shoving, kicking, sexual
assault/abuse, threats, harassment, verbal abuse, intimidation, throwing objects
at another person, and sabotage/tampering with another person’s work space or
tools. Personnel are required to report any abnormal or violent behavior
demonstrated by a co-worker or other person to their supervisor immediately.
Personnel are encouraged to take steps to minimize exposure to workplace
violence, including:
• Following Marathon security guidelines;

• Notifying your supervisor of coworker threats, harassment, or violent
behavior;
• Notifying your supervisor if you are working alone and before or after regular
business hours;
• Where possible, parking in well-lit areas at night; and
• Locking your vehicle doors while driving.
XII. OFFICE SAFETY

11
Familiarize yourself with the building evacuation plans. Know the current
emergency phone numbers for security, fire, and medical assistance. Become
familiar with exits and building evacuation procedures. Your evacuation plan
should include both primary and secondary escape routes. In the event of a fire,
do not use elevators to evacuate a building.
Close desk and file drawers when not in use. Avoid placing cabinets and files so
that open drawers block passageways. Have only one drawer open at a time on
a file cabinet and do not overload upper drawers.
Always use an approved ladder or stool to reach articles high above the floor.
Never use a swivel chair or other makeshift device to reach high places.
Keep walking areas clear of telephone and electrical cords. Tape or secure cords
that temporarily cross walkways.
Turn off approved coffee pots, desk lamps, heaters, and other electrical
equipment when leaving the office.
XIII. HAZARD COMMUNICATIONS (RIGHT-TO-KNOW)
Information on hazardous materials is available through the use of Material

Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). An MSDS for each hazardous substance is
obtained from the manufacturer or through Marathon Oil Company’s
computerized MSDS system. A copy of the MSDS for any chemical used at the
facility is maintained on file and is available onsite or online through the Marathon
24-hour internal web server.
It is the responsibility of all employees and contractors to comply with local and
federal regulations regarding hazard communication. Additionally, it is your
responsibility to be familiar with the safety precautions, as outlined in the MSDS,
for the materials in your work area. Information available on an MSDS will
include but is not limited to the following:
• Physical Properties
• Flammability
• Health Hazards & First Aid Procedures
• Spill Clean-Up Procedures
• Recommended Protective Clothing or Equipment.
Always read and follow all warning labels and insure that they remain intact on all
containers.
Hydrogen Sulfide - Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a poisonous gas, is present at some
Marathon facilities and may be encountered in concentrations exceeding safe
12
limits. Caution signs and labels are used to alert employees and the general
public to operations where there is a potential exposure to H2S.
Personal Alarm Monitors, set to alarm when H2S concentrations reach or exceed
10 parts per million (ppm), shall be worn by all personnel assigned to work in
areas where hydrogen sulfide is or may be present and shall be worn so that the
sensing device is outside the outermost layer of clothing.
If the hydrogen sulfide concentration reaches or exceeds 10 ppm at any time
while personnel are on the location, all personnel shall evacuate to a safe area
and not re-enter the area without an approved supplied air respirator, unless the
concentration is reduced to below 10 ppm.
The following table provides toxicity and physical effects information for H2S.
Parts per Million Percent (%) Physical Effects
(PPM)
0.02 to 10 0.000002 to 0.001 Unpleasant Odor. Eyes may

become irritated (10 ppm OSHA
TWA PEL)
15 0.0015 Acceptable Short Term

Exposure Level by OSHA
Standards.
100 0.01 Kills Sense of Smell in 3-15

Minutes. May Burn Eyes in 15-
30 minutes and burn throat after
1-hour exposure.
500 0.05 Dizziness, respiratory

disturbances in 2-15 minutes.
Prompt artificial respiration
needed
700 0.07 Causes Unconsciousness

Quickly. Breathing Will Stop
and Death Will Result if Victim is
not Rescued Promptly.
1000 0.10 Victim Falls Unconscious At

Once. Death Can Result Within
Minutes.
10,000 1.0 Immediate Death
NOTE: In addition to the above limits, an Immediately Dangerous to Life or

Health (IDLH) concentration for hydrogen sulfide is observed by Marathon
at 100 ppm.
Physical Characteristics - Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly toxic, colorless gas
having a characteristic foul odor similar to rotten eggs. This odor is only
detectable, however, when the gas is present in low concentrations. The foul
13
odor must never be relied upon to detect hydrogen sulfide because the ability to
sense this odor will rapidly disappear once concentrations reach approximately
100 parts per million (ppm).
Hydrogen sulfide is heavier than air and may collect in low areas such as cellars,
ditches and drain systems. It is also flammable and explosive, so precautions
against ignition sources shall be taken.
The combustion of hydrogen sulfide produces sulfur dioxide (SO2) which is also a
toxic gas. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor that
is heavier than air and causes severe irritation of the eyes, mucus membranes
and skin.
Safety Precautions – Personnel must have proper safety training including H2S
training before being allowed to work in these areas. Every effort shall be made
to maintain hydrogen sulfide gas within a closed system. Everyone must be
aware of their surroundings (e.g., wind direction, wind speed, etc.), utilize a
personal monitoring device and use caution when entering low-lying areas or an
area where ventilation is inadequate.
Self contained or supplied air breathing apparatus and personal hydrogen sulfide
detection equipment must be available when working in areas where a
hazardous concentration of H2S might exist. All work conducted under IDLH
conditions must be directly supervised by a Marathon representative.
If personnel are exposed to high concentrations of H2S, they should be moved to

fresh air immediately and emergency medical personnel notified. Rescue
breathing or CPR should be started if it is needed and trained personnel are
available.
Methane – Methane is the primary component of natural gas that is odorless in

its pure state. Natural gas may, however, have a slight hydrocarbon smell due to
the presence of other components.
It is possible that some natural gas may leak around production and/or
processing facilities. If the leaking gas flows into the air, it should dissipate
quickly and pose no danger; however, if it is confined and ignited by a fire
source, it can explode and will burn.
Physical Characteristics - Methane is a gas that is lighter

than air, flammable and, in mixtures of about 5 to 15 percent
in air, is explosive. Methane is not toxic when inhaled but it
can cause suffocation by reducing the concentration of
oxygen inhaled. Therefore, an undetected gas leak could
result in an explosion or asphyxiation.
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Safety Precautions - Every effort shall be made to maintain methane within a
closed system. When working near production equipment or entering
compressor or meter buildings, special care must be taken to eliminate potential
sources of ignition such as open flames, static electricity, and non-explosion
proof electrical equipment. SMOKING NEAR ANY OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) – NORM is a low-level

source of radiation found in soil, water, plants, petroleum, phosphate, animals,
and humans. NORM is present at some Marathon facilities, predominately as
radium-226 and radium-228 found in produced sand, sludge, scale and soil.
Currently there is no federal exposure limits specifically for NORM, therefore,

Marathon utilizes the NRC recommended exposure limit (permissible dose) for
members of the general public for whole body dose to gamma radiation which is
100 millirem/calendar year above background for an unrestricted area.
NORM surveys will be conducted at all Marathon sites where it is reasonably

foreseeable that NORM contaminated materials might be present. Production
equipment is considered NORM contaminated when external survey results
taken at the surface of the equipment show radiation levels greater than 50 µR/hr
(including background).
Personal monitoring using film badges or pocket dosimeters will be performed in

those instances where exposure levels may exceed 50,000 µR above
background for one assignment or more than 100,000 µR in any one year.
NORM Identification Requirements
50 µR/hr Warning Signs Required
2000 µR/hr Warning Signs and Work Permit Required
NORM Containing Enclosed Spaces Warning Signs and Work Permit Required
In areas containing NORM personnel shall:
• Avoid direct skin contact with radioactive scale and solids;

• Avoid drinking, smoking, and chewing;
• Keep work on contaminated equipment to a minimum;
• Wash their hands, face, and other body parts after contacting NORM
contaminated equipment; and
• Seal or wrap openings on contaminated equipment with plastic.
Lead – Some paints and coatings may contain lead which at certain levels is
15
known to be hazardous. Levels exceeding the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
of 50 µg/m3 during an eight-hour period generally occur only during construction
or abatement processes where paint or coatings containing lead are disturbed.
A determination must be made as to whether a surface paint or coating contains

lead prior to conducting any work that may disturb the integrity of these materials.
Determinations must be made by laboratory analysis or complete documentation
that indicates the entire content of the current surface coatings. Any construction
activities performed prior to receiving the laboratory results must be conducted
as though lead were present.
Only properly trained personnel may perform construction work on materials

containing greater than 0.06% (600ppm) lead.
Waste material generated during the removal of lead containing paints and
coatings must be isolated from the environment, collected, and transferred to an
approved container. Contact the HES Department for assistance with waste
profiling and disposal arrangements.
Asbestos – Asbestos is a group of fibrous minerals commonly found in existing

thermal insulations. When disturbed, fibers may become airborne making them
easy to inhale. Inhaled asbestos fibers may become embedded in lung tissue,
potentially resulting in serious illness.
The presence, location, and quantity of Asbestos Containing Material (ACM)

shall be determined prior to disturbing or removing any insulation or surfacing
material which may contain asbestos. Potential Asbestos Containing Material
(PACM) such as insulation or other suspicious material installed prior to 1980
shall be considered to contain asbestos unless there is information, data, and/or
analysis documenting otherwise.
Asbestos work is categorized into one of four classes:
Class I Asbestos Work – Activities involving the removal of thermal system

insulation (material applied to pipe fittings, boilers, tanks, ducts, or other
structural components to prevent heat loss or gain) and surfacing ACM and
PACM (material that is sprayed, troweled-on, or otherwise applied to surfaces for
acoustical, fireproofing, or other purposes).
Class II Asbestos Work – Activities involving the removal of ACM which is not
thermal system insulation or surfacing material. This includes, but is not limited
to, the removal of asbestos containing wallboard, floor tile and sheeting, roofing
and siding shingles, and construction mastics.
Class III Asbestos Work – Repair and maintenance activities where ACM/PACM
is likely to be disturbed.
16
Class IV Asbestos Work – Maintenance and custodial activities during which
employees contact but do not disturb ACM or PACM and activities to clean up
dust, waste and debris resulting from Class I, II, and III activities.
All Class I, II, III, and IV work shall be done by a licensed contractor in
accordance with all of the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.1101.
Benzene – Marathon has evaluated employee exposures to benzene and has

found them to be within OSHA’s Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). Additional
Benzene monitoring will be conducted whenever there is a change in equipment,
personnel, or work practices that could result in new or additional exposures to
benzene. Periodic monitoring will also be conducted to ensure exposure levels
remain within the accepted PEL.
XIV. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is vital to your safety in the workplace.

PPE establishes a barrier between the worker and the hazard, but it does not
eliminate the hazard. Engineering and administrative controls should be the first
priority for eliminating and minimizing hazards. In situations where these controls
cannot be implemented, then PPE must be used.
Personnel should be trained in the use of PPE as necessary. They must be

trained to:
• Be aware of situations requiring PPE in their work area;

• Select the appropriate PPE based on the potential hazards and risk involved;
• Wear the required PPE according to the manufacturer’s instructions; and
• Understand the limitations of the PPE.
PPE must be inspected, used, stored, and maintained properly. If the PPE no
longer provides the intended level of protection, it must be repaired or replaced
immediately. PPE which is no longer usable must be destroyed before being
discarded.
Hardhats, safety glasses with

side shields, and safety-toed
shoes, at a minimum, must be
worn at all Marathon operating
facilities.
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NOTE: For additional guidance refer to the Marathon HES standard
regarding “Personal Protective Equipment”.
Head Protection - Hard hats are designed to provide protection from specific
hazards. Hard hats must meet ANSI Z89.1-2003, Type I Class E design (or
applicable government or industry standard equivalent). All personnel including
visitors must wear hard hats as required by Marathon’s HES Standard “Personal
Protective Equipment”. Metal hard hats are prohibited.
Hard hats are not required to be worn in enclosed vehicles or

offices/warehouses/shops/garages if no overhead impact hazards are present.
These guidelines concerning hardhats should be strictly followed:
• The hard hat must be worn so that it provides maximum impact protection.
• The hard hat must not be tipped forward, backward, or to either side and
should not be worn backward.
• The headband (suspension system) must be adjusted to the proper size to
provide sufficient clearance between the shell and headband. The suspension
system must never be modified or altered, and objects must never be carried
or stored between the headband and head.
• Hairstyles that make it impossible for a person to properly wear a hard hat are
not permitted.
• Never use gasoline, solvents, or similar substances on a hard hat. Never
paint or modify the shell of a hard hat (e.g., punching/drilling holes in it for
additional ventilation). Use only mild soap and warm water to clean a hard
hat.
• Hard hats should be periodically inspected. The hat or headband must be
replaced if cracks, breaks, brittleness, or discoloration are observed.
**Exposure to direct sunlight may reduce the life of the shell.
**Follow manufactures requirements for suspension and shell replacement.
Hand Protection - Work gloves shall be worn when working with materials that
could cause cuts/lacerations/abrasions/puncture wounds and to protect from
temperature extremes.
Protective impermeable gloves must be worn when working with chemicals or

other hazardous liquids. The type of glove used shall be based on a review of
the MSDS and the duration of use.
Electricians must wear dielectric gloves rated for at least the highest voltage that
they may encounter while working on or near energized electrical equipment.
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Inspection requirements for dielectric gloves must be known and followed.
Never wear gloves, jewelry, or loose clothing when working with moving machine
parts.
Follow proper lockout procedures before repairing or cleaning machinery.
Eye and Face Protection - Approved eye and face protection equipment must
be properly fitted and worn. All lenses must bear the manufacturer’s mark/logo
and a plus sign (+). All frames must bear the manufacturer’s mark/logo and
“Z87” or “Z87-2” if they are prescription frames. (or applicable government or
industry standard equivalent).
All personnel including visitors must wear approved eye protection while at
Marathon’s work site. In general, safety glasses are not required to be worn in
enclosed vehicles or in offices/warehouses/shops/garages if the work activity
does not pose an eye hazard.
Personnel may wear contact lenses in the work environment if they are
accompanied by approved eye protection equipment and their use is not
prohibited by documented work rules and regulations. Personnel should inform
their supervisor and coworkers that they wear contact lenses.
Safety glasses with side shields are approved for general eye protection in the
workplace; however, special purpose eye and face protection is required for
certain activities and in some job functions. The table below contains several
special activities; however, there may be others. You should check with your
supervisors if there is any doubt about the need for specialized eye or face
protection.
Source Assessment of Hazard Protection
IMPACT Chipping, grinding, Flying fragments, objects large Impact Resistant Goggles (Manual
machining, masonry work, chips, particles, sand, dirt, dust, etc. Operations) Full face shield with
woodworking, sawing, drilling, chiseling, Impact resistant goggles or
power fastening, riveting, and sanding. Safety Glasses with sideshields.
HEAT – Furnace operations, pouring, Hot sparks Face shields, impact resistant goggles
casting, hot dipping, and welding. Splash from molten metals Face shields, splash goggles
High temperature exposure Screens, reflective face shields
Splash goggles; face shield and splash
CHEMICALS – Acid and chemicals Splash, or irritating mists goggles for moderate exposure.
handling, crude oil, etc. Chemical protective clothing for severe
exposure (e.g. hood)
Safety glasses with sideshields;
DUST – Woodworking, buffing, Nuisance dust Goggles (impact resistant)
general dusty conditions (i.e.,
excavations)
LIGHT and/or RADIATION

Welding: Electric arc Optical Radiation Welding helmets or welding shields. Typical
19
shades 10-14
Welding: Gas Optical Radiation Welding goggles or welding face shield.

Shades: Gas Welding 4-8, Cutting 3-6,
Brazing 3-4
Cutting, Torch brazing, Torch soldering Optical Radiation Tinted safety glasses with sideshields,
welding goggles or welding face shield.
Typical shades 1.5.-3.0
Glare Poor Vision Tinted safety glasses with sideshields.
Special purpose lenses as suitable.
Foot Protection - Protective footwear will meet the applicable requirements of

the ASTM F 2412, Test Methods for Foot Protection, and ASTM F 2413,
Specification for Performance Requirements for Protective Footwear. Footwear
should be labeled as “Complies with (or Conforms to) ASTM F 2412-05 and F
2413-05”.
NOTE: Footwear labeled as complying with ANSI Z41-1999 need not be

immediately replaced. Employees can wait until normal wear dictates
replacement.
Safety-toed shoes are not required to be worn in enclosed vehicles or in offices if

no foot hazards are present. Personnel who work in a warehouse shall wear
safety-toed shoes. Since leather boots and shoes can absorb chemicals and
other irritant substances, safety-toed chemical resistant boots should be worn
when handling chemicals and other materials which require protection from
absorption. Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the required
personal protective equipment when handling these substances.
Footwear should be inspected periodically and replaced when it no longer

provides adequate protection or traction.
Hearing Protection - All personnel and visitors must wear hearing protection in
areas where high noise producing equipment is being operated and/or where
signs are posted that warn of excessive noise levels. Hearing protection should
be worn in areas that are not posted if there is a potential for temporarily
elevated noise levels, such as when high-pressure gases are released or it is
necessary to raise one’s voice to talk to others at a distance of three feet or less.
Respiratory Protection - Respiratory protection is required where respiratory

hazards may be encountered in the workplace. These hazards may include, but
are not limited to:
• Oxygen deficiency;
• Gas and vapor contaminants (e.g., H2S);
• Particulate contaminants, such as harmful dust, fume, chemical mist or fog,
smoke and spray; or
20
• A combination of gas, vapor, and particulate contaminants.
Personnel who perform tasks that may require respiratory protection equipment
must be medically evaluated and approved, fit tested, and trained before using
the equipment. They must understand the limitations of respirators, including
their impact on verbal communication abilities.
The specific respiratory equipment used must be NIOSH/MSHA approved (or

applicable government or industry standard equivalent). Mixing components
from different types of respirators or using unapproved components is prohibited.
The following rules apply to respiratory equipment used:
• Personnel must not have facial hair that could interfere with the sealing
capabilities of the mask (See Appendix B);
• Before donning a respirator, any head covering, glasses and foreign items in
the mouth must be removed; and
• Personnel who wear prescription glasses and are assigned to areas where
full-face respirators are required, should be provided with a means of
attaching the prescription lenses to the face mask. Hooded Egress Units
allow for the use of prescription glasses during emergency evacuations.
In IDLH or potentially IDLH atmospheres where the respirator wearer could be

overcome if the respiratory protection fails, one additional person (or more as
needed) shall be located outside the hazardous atmosphere in communication
and able to provide effective emergency assistance. Oxygen-deficient
atmospheres (less than 19.5%) will be considered IDLH.
All respirators must be inspected before and after each use. Respirators for
emergency use, such as SCBA devices, shall be thoroughly inspected at least
once per month and after each use. Connections on air lines must be inspected
monthly and properly maintained. Respirators must be cleaned, disinfected, and
properly stored after each use.
Maintenance on respiratory equipment and refilling the cylinders for air-supplied

respirators must be performed only by qualified persons. The breathing air for
supplied-air respirators must be certified as CGA Grade D or equivalent. Pure
oxygen shall never be used.
Fall Protection - Fall protection is provided in the workplace to minimize the risk
of falls. Protection may be accomplished through the design of the facility and/or
provision of personal safety gear. Approved fall protection equipment includes full
body safety harness and appropriate lanyard with double locking snaps, fall
arresting systems, personnel lifts, etc. All fall protection equipment shall meet
ANSI Standard Z359.1-1992 (R 1999).
21
Working surfaces that are more than six (6) feet above the ground or more than
four (4) feet above an adjacent platform or work surface must be protected by a
guardrail system, personal fall arrest system, or safety net system. Personnel
climbing to or from such working surfaces should use a ladder, stairs, or an
appropriate means of fall protection (i.e., fall arrest system).
Fixed ladders that are more than twenty (20) feet in length must have a fixed
climbing cage, a climbing device, or some other appropriate means of fall
protection used by the individual climbing or working on the ladder.
A full body harness must be worn whenever fall protection is required. Safety
belts must not be used for fall protection. Harnesses, lanyards and other fall
protection components should be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations and should never be modified. Fall arrest systems shall be
inspected prior to each use. Any fall protection equipment that is damaged must
be destroyed and discarded. Safety harnesses and lanyards that have been used
to stop a fall must be destroyed and discarded. Equipment must be stored
properly to prevent damage.
Special Protective Clothing / Equipment - Special protective equipment may

be required where potential job hazards may include, but are not limited to:
• Exposure to highly hazardous materials;
• Cuts from materials handled;
• Potential exposure to flash fires; or
• Other hazards that may be produced by special operations, such as short-
term exposures to extreme heat or cold.
Examples of activities that may require special protective clothing include
welding, electrical work, emergency response, and handling chemicals. All
personnel should follow the protective clothing and/or equipment requirements
specified in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
Personal monitors to detect potential harmful gases (H2S and/or methane) shall
be used as specified in work procedures to serve as early warning to the
presence of potentially hazardous atmospheres. These detectors/instruments
will be calibrated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions, and calibration/service logs will be maintained.
XV. FIRE PREVENTION
Prevention is the best method of avoiding a fire. The major causes of fires
include electrical overloads or malfunctions, poor housekeeping, smoking,
improper welding operations and poor equipment maintenance. You can
eliminate most of these causes by using common sense, following proper work
22
procedures and maintaining good housekeeping.
Observe the following precautions at all times in order to minimize fire hazards:
• Know your work area. Keep it clean.

• Know the material you are working with. MSDS are a good source of
information. Handle and store flammable materials properly. When
transporting flammables, follow Marathon approved procedures.
• Keep all solvents in approved, properly labeled containers. Handle and
dispense flammable liquids in U.L. listed (or applicable government or
industry standard equivalent), properly marked safety cans.
• Do not use flammable liquids with a low flash point such as gasoline, naphtha
and lacquer thinner for cleaning purposes. As a matter of sound waste
management practices, replace flammable cleaning solvents (e.g., varsol)
with non-flammable solvents (e.g., citrus base).
• Maintain good ventilation in all buildings where flammable liquids or gases are
being handled.
• Remove excessive amounts of dry grass, brush or weeds from around
equipment.
• Regularly and thoroughly check equipment and machinery for mechanical
sparking, heat build-up due to friction, and arcing or hot spots from electrical
shorts in wiring, switching, motors, etc.
• Vehicles can be an ignition source for flammable and combustible materials.
Catalytic converters can ignite grass, paper, flammable vapors and other
materials. The vehicle's ignition system can ignite methane, crude oil or
gasoline vapors as well.
• Follow the area-specific operational and permitting guidelines for hot work
operations in your area. For additional guidance refer to Marathon’s HES
“Hot Work” and “Safe Work Permitting” Standards.
XVI. EMERGENCY RESPONSE
All Marathon facilities have established emergency response plans. These plans
identify the actions, resources and procedures established to respond to potential
emergencies. The site orientation will address emergency procedures. You
should list the emergency phone numbers on the inside front cover of this
handbook.
In the event of a fire the objectives, in order of importance, are:
1. Preservation of human life;

2. Safety of the public;
3. Protection of the environment; and,
23
4. Minimization of property damage.
Actions to be taken when discovering a fire are:
• Turn in an immediate alarm or notify supervision of the fire.

• If qualified to do so - try to locate and eliminate fuel or energy sources of the
fire. If you have been properly trained, and it can be done safely, you
should then attempt to extinguish the fire. Never attempt to extinguish a fire
that you do not feel safe in doing so or is beyond the extinguishing capabilities
of the equipment which is available.
It is important that you are able to identify the type of fire to

be fought so that proper firefighting equipment can be used.
There may be several different types of fire extinguishers in
the work area. If you have not been trained on the use of
extinguishers found in your work area, contact your
supervisor to schedule a training session.
Letter Symbol Type of Fire
Fires in ordinary combustible materials, such

as wood, paper, textiles, packing material
and rubbish.
Fires involving flammable liquids and gases

such as oil, grease, gasoline or paint.
Fires involving electrical equipment.
Fire extinguishers may have more than one symbol. While a water-based
extinguisher will be labeled with the letter “A”, a carbon dioxide or dry chemical
fire extinguisher will be labeled with the letters “B:C” (indicating it can be used on
flammable liquids and electrical fires). A multi-purpose dry chemical extinguisher
will be labeled with the letters “A:B:C” (indicating it can be used on all fires).
When you fight any electrical fire, disconnect the power source first. Fires
which occur in electrical equipment (motors, generators, switch panels and
computers) require that a non-conducting extinguishing agent be used.
Dry chemicals and carbon dioxide are suitable. Foam and water conduct
24
electricity and could cause personal injury or could short-circuit the
equipment and therefore should not be used.
XVII. SAFE WORK PERMITTING
A Safe Work Permit is Marathon’s standard documentation to ensure appropriate

safety precautions and protective measures are established prior to, and during
potentially hazardous work.
Tasks that require a safe work permit include:
• Hot work;
• Confined space entry;
• Working in excavations as required;
• Hot tapping operations;
• Vehicle access into restricted areas; and
• Other hazardous work determined by the Task supervisor or Person-In-
Charge.
Marathon’s Safe work permitting system is divided into sections which must be
completed for all permit required work. Items addressed in the Safe Work Permit
include:
• Work Request; • Isolation Verification;
• Hazards Identification; • Worker Briefing;
• Work Preparation; • Confined Space Entry;
• Required Protective • Permit
Apparel/Equipment; Authorization/Validation; and
• Emergency Preparedness; • Permit Cancellation/Post
Entry Review.
• Atmospheric Monitoring;
• Excavations;
XVIII. CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY (LOCKOUT/TAGOUT)
The purpose of Lockout/Tagout procedures is to prevent

personal injury and property damage by utilizing appropriate
lockout or tagout devices to isolate energy sources or to
otherwise disable machines or equipment to prevent
unexpected energization, startup or release of stored energy
25
NOTE: For additional information refer to the Marathon HES Standard
“Control of Hazardous Energy” (Lockout/Tagout).
The following is a summary of the Lockout/Tagout procedure:
Note: Only “authorized employees” shall perform lockouts.
Preparation and Application of Energy Isolation:
• The Task Supervisor and the appropriate maintenance personnel shall utilize
an existing Energy Control Procedure (or create one where none exists) to
determine the type and amounts of energy powering the equipment and
locate and identify all isolating devices;
• Prepare all machines or equipment for shutdown and conduct a briefing of all
personnel involved in the procedure;
• Shut down the machine or equipment in an orderly fashion;
• Properly isolate and apply locks and tags and warning signs on the affected
machine or equipment;
• Have all personnel involved in the workgroup place a personal lock on the
lockout or on the lockbox being utilized;
• After insuring that the area is clear of non-essential personnel and free of
hazards, release or otherwise control any stored energy; and
• Verify the isolation of the equipment and control of the energy source by
trying to turn on the equipment.
• The ECP shall be retained with the Safe Work Permit or with the Group lock
box.
Note: See Safe Work Permitting for more information.
Removal of Locks/Tags from Controls:
• Verify that the machine or equipment components are operationally intact;

• Inspect the area for hazards and make sure that affected personnel have
been notified and are cleared to a safe distance prior to removing locks or
tags;
• Verify that all personnel locks have been removed;
• Have the person who applied the lockout/tagout isolation equipment remove
the device(s);
• Have the Task Supervisor remove their personal lock and/or tag; and
26
• Verify that all the locks and tags have been removed and that the equipment
is in the correct position for start-up. Notify all affected personnel of the
removal of lockout and tagout devices prior to startup of the machine or
equipment.
XIX. ELECTRICAL SAFETY
All applicable codes and regulations must be followed when

installing, maintaining, or repairing electrical equipment. Industry
recommended practices should also be considered.
Work on or near exposed energized parts of electrical equipment that operate at

voltages of 50 volts or more to ground must be performed by qualified and
authorized personnel who are trained for the task to be performed. Repairs to
electrical equipment must also be performed by qualified and authorized
personnel.
Qualified personnel should, at a minimum, be trained in accordance with OSHA

Regulation 29 CFR 1910.332, Electrical Training Section (or applicable
government or industry standard), and be able to demonstrate competency in the
type of work being performed. Only Qualified Persons are permitted to de-
energize and lockout/tagout electrical equipment and circuits for the purpose of
electrical repair or maintenance.
Employees shall not be permitted to work in an area where they are likely to
encounter electrical hazards unless they have been trained to recognize and
avoid the electrical hazards to which they will be exposed. Safe work practices
shall be used when working on or near electrical equipment or circuits that are or
can become energized and capable of causing electric shock.
All employees shall be alert when working near exposed energized equipment.
No employee shall be permitted to perform electrical work if their alertness is
impaired due to illness, fatigue, or other reasons that affect their judgment or
awareness.
All personnel shall be safeguarded from injury by suitable personal protective

equipment while working in situations where potential electrical hazards exist.
Personal protective equipment shall be maintained in a safe, reliable condition
and be designed for the specific part(s) of the body to be protected and for the
immediate work to be performed.
Personnel must not stand directly in front of an electric panel when operating the
disconnecting means or operator switch (Hand-Off-Auto, Stop/Start, etc.)
27
Special precautions are required when working with high voltage (greater than
600 volts). This requires appropriate certification, the use of personal protective
equipment, tools, flame resistant clothing, test instruments, and procedures
specially designed for this purpose.
All switches and breakers should be labeled to indicate their purpose and the
equipment served (unless the disconnecting means are located and arranged so
that their purpose is clearly evident). Labels should be suitable for the
environment.
Hazardous (Classified) Areas - All electric motors, lighting fixtures, and other
electric equipment in hazardous (classified) areas must meet the requirements
for class, division, and group. Refer to API RP-500 and/or RP-505 for specific
details.
To prevent portable electronic devices (PEDs) from igniting gases or vapors (e.g.
methane, propane, natural gas, gasoline), use of non-approved PEDs in
hazardous areas is considered hot work and requires a properly completed safe
work permit.
Approved PEDs are those which have been tested, approved and labeled by a
third party testing laboratory such as Factory Mutual (FM) or Underwriters
Laboratory (UL) certifying their use in Class I, Group D locations or which are
intrinsically safe (i.e., use low capacitance components, special board layouts,
and encapsulation techniques which meet stringent standards - API RP 14F &
14FZ - for use in hazardous environments).
Grounding - All non-current carrying metal parts of enclosures, structures, and

electrical equipment that could become energized must be effectively bonded
and grounded. Ground wires must not be altered except by a qualified person
performing repair work or troubleshooting.
Static Electricity – Sparks from static electricity are a

significant source of ignition. Ignition hazards from static
sparks can be eliminated by controlling the generation or
accumulation of static charges (for example, by grounding
and bonding) or by eliminating a flammable mixture where
static electricity may be discharged (for example, by
eliminating the source of methane or by decreasing the
concentration of methane with ventilation).
Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) provide protection from fatal electrical
shock. Methods of GFCI protection are GFCI breakers, GFCI receptacle, or GFCI
portable cord set.
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All temporary 125 volt, single-phase 15-, 20,- and 30-ampere receptacle outlets
that are not part of the permanent wiring of a facility or building, cord-and-plug-
connected equipment used outside or in wet locations and in confined space
operations (e.g., lights, fans, and other portable electric tools) must be GFCI
protected.
Temporary receptacles other than 125 volt, single phase 15-, 20- and 30-ampere
must be protected by a GFCI or an assured grounding conductor program
Flexible Cords And Cables - Flexible cord and cables include extension cords,
extension lights, flexible cable, and cords used on portable equipment. The cord
and cables should be:
• Listed and labeled (UL, FM, etc.);

• Visually inspected before each use;
• Unplugged/de-energized before handling or rolling up;
• Properly sized for the application, including the ground wire;
• Routed to minimize cord damage and tripping hazards;
• Unplugged by pulling on the plug, not the cord; and,
• De-energized when not in use.
Flexible cord and cables should be stored when the job is completed, and
destroyed and replaced if defective. Do not attempt to repair damaged cords.
Clearance For Vehicles In Transit - Vehicles and associated loads in transit must
have a clearance of at least four feet from the energized circuits. If this
clearance cannot be maintained, the overhead circuits should be de-energized.
All overhead lines should have a clearance of 18.5 feet over lease roads, and 22
feet over highways, unless more stringent requirements are dictated by local
regulations.
Drilling And Workover Operations - All non current-carrying metal parts of

enclosures, structures (such as rig houses and derricks), and electrical
equipment that could become energized must be effectively bonded and
grounded. The rig grounding system must include an effective grounding path.
Where required, a ground rod or grounding system shall be provided.
Rig wiring must be installed so that it provides physical protection from abrasion,
crushing, chemical or fluid attack, and rough handling. Rig lighting fixtures must
be:
• NEMA rated (or equivalent) for outdoor use and for area classification;
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• Protected from physical damage by suitable guards or locations; and,
• Mounted securely to prevent the fixture from falling.
Illumination levels must be adequate for the task being performed with floodlights
mounted in such a way that they do not impair the vision of persons approaching
or leaving the illuminated area.
XX. HOT WORK / WELDING
Hot Work and/or Safe Work Permit programs ensure that proper precautions are
taken to protect against fire and explosion from welding and other hot work that
must be done in areas where flammable materials might be present. Any type of
hot work conducted within 50 feet of a known, or potential, source of
hydrocarbons requires a Marathon Hot Work Permit. Typical examples of hot
work include, but are not limited to, welding, cutting, grinding, abrasive blasting,
space heating, and hot taps.
NOTE: For additional guidance refer to Marathon’s HES “Hot Work
Standard”.
The following is a brief summary of the procedure:

• Make sure all appropriate departments and personnel are aware of the hot
work plans and complete applicable permits prior to work commencing.
o Hot Work Permits must be maintained at the work site while the work is
being done.
• The supervisor shall appoint a person to inspect the area for flammable
materials.
• Isolate all possible fuel sources.
• Use a combustible gas meter to check the atmosphere for explosive vapors.
• Utilize fire watches while the hot work is being done. Maintain the fire watch
for at least 30 minutes after the hot work has been completed.
o Double-check job site before leaving, to ensure that no ignition sources
remain.
• The fire watch shall have fire-extinguishing equipment readily available and
shall have been trained in its use. This individual is also responsible to see
that the equipment is in good working condition at all times during the fire
watch.
• If a break (such as lunch) is taken during the hot work, the permit conditions
must be revalidated before hot work resumes.
• Additional standards such as Confined Space, Personal Protective
Equipment, Fall Protections, and Respiratory Protection may also apply.

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XXI. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
A confined space is a space which:

• Is large enough and so configured that a person can bodily enter and perform
assigned work;
• Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit; and,
• Is not designed for continuous human occupancy.
A Permit Required Confined Space is a confined space which has one or more
of the following:
• Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;
• Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;
• Has an internal configuration that could trap or asphyxiate an entrant; or
• Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.
Access to all permit-required confined spaces

must be limited by posting danger signs/labels
or by requiring the use of tools or keys to gain
entry.
Entering and working in vessels and other enclosed spaces may be hazardous
due to toxic vapors, fire/explosion possibilities, oxygen deficiencies and general
safety hazards. Prior to initial entry operations into a space which has not
previously been evaluated or for which the conditions or contents have changed,
the potential hazards of the space shall be assessed and recommendations will
be made for specific testing requirements and personal protective equipment. An
entry permit (Safe Work Permit) must be completed prior to entry into any permit
required confined space.
Excavations, cellars and valve pits 4 feet or deeper are considered confined
spaces.
Before work can begin in any confined space, a pre-entry meeting shall be
conducted by the supervisor in charge of the job. This meeting shall include all
persons involved in the work and cover all the basic steps for confined space
entry, all hazards expected and all equipment and techniques to be used. This
information should be recorded on the Safe Work Permit.
NOTE: For additional guidance refer to the Marathon HES Standard
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“Confined Space Entry”.
At a minimum, the following steps should be followed prior to entry into a Permit
Required Confined Space:
• Isolate and Lockout;

• Clean the Vessel;
• Ventilate the Vessel;
• Test the Atmosphere;
• Use Personal Protective Equipment; and
• Identify and Understand Rescue Procedures.
XXII. TRENCHING AND EXCAVATION
Working in or around excavations is a common practice, however, it can be

potentially dangerous. Before work in an excavation begins, the site must be
evaluated by a competent person to identify any conditions that might increase
the danger of cave-ins or other accidents. Some excavations may be considered
confined spaces.
Underground Installations - Whenever underground utilities may be present near

the work site, utility companies must be contacted, advised of the proposed work
and asked to provide the location of the underground installations. This can be
done by calling 811 or your local utility marking service at least two days prior to
the start of digging. The utility company’s marks may not be exact. Always
observe at least 18 inches of tolerance on either side of the underground utility.
Accidentally contacting underground utilities can result in personal injury, death
or monetary fines.
Egress From Trench Excavation - A stairway ladder, ramp, or other safe means
of egress shall be located in trench excavations four (4) feet or deeper so that
adequate egress is located at least every 25 feet.
Trenching Operations - At any location where personnel may be exposed to

vehicular traffic, reflective garments such as traffic vests shall be worn.
Workers are not permitted under loads handled by excavation equipment and
must stand away from vehicles being loaded or unloaded to prevent being struck
with falling material. When mobile equipment is operated near an excavation,
adequate warning systems such as barricades, hand signals, stop blocks, etc.,
must be used to protect personnel from moving equipment.
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Should it become necessary for an excavation to remain open and unattended,
such as overnight or weekends, sufficient warning signs must be posted, and the
area blockaded to prevent the possibility of falling into the excavation. This may
be accomplished by blinking lights, barricade tape, and wooden barricades.
Should an excavation uncover unusual or unknown materials, digging must stop

and the area or crew supervisor shall be notified.
Inspections - Daily inspections of the excavation, the adjacent areas, and

protective systems shall be made by a competent person prior to start of work
and as needed throughout the job.
Testing Of The Excavation Atmosphere - All excavations where an oxygen

deficiency or other hazardous atmosphere exists or could reasonably be
expected to exist, atmospheric monitoring must be conducted before personnel
enter the excavation. This test will consist of monitoring for oxygen and
combustible levels, also any specific contaminant (i.e., hydrogen sulfide) which
could possibly be present in the excavation.
Should a hazardous atmosphere be encountered, established procedures (such

as respiratory protection) are to be followed to provide sufficient personnel
protection. Testing will be done as often as needed to ensure the contaminants
do not reach dangerous levels.
Water Accumulation - Personnel may not work in excavations in which water is

accumulating unless adequate protective measures have been taken.
Precautions could include water removal and/or the use of a safety harness and
lifeline.
Excavation Near Structures - Should excavation be necessary near adjacent

structures, the stability of the structure must be maintained. This may be done
by means of shoring, bracing, or underpinning. Sidewalks, pavements or
structures must not be “tunneled under” unless sufficient support is provided to
prevent collapse.
Protection From Loose Rock Or Soil - Workers must be protected from loose
rock or soil falling from an excavation face at all times while in the excavation.
This may be accomplished by removing loose materials or installing a protective
system to prevent the loose rock or soil from rolling into the excavation. All
excavated material is to be kept at least two (2) feet from the edge of any
excavation to prevent the soil from re-entering the excavation.
A competent person will determine the need for and type of protective system to
be utilized when personnel enter an excavation. Protective systems will consist
of a designed sloping or benching system, a secondary support system, or a
combination of these systems.
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If a sloping system is used, the slope shall be determined, according to soil
classification, by a competent person. In the event adequate clearance is not
available for a sloping system, a support system shall be utilized. (See
Appendix D)
When an excavation is deeper than twenty (20) feet, the protective system must
be designed by a Registered Professional Engineer.
When the competent person finds evidence of a situation that could result in a
possible cave-in, indications of failure of the protective systems, or other unsafe
conditions, exposed personnel shall be immediately removed from the hazardous
area until the necessary precautions have been taken to ensure their safety.
Fall Protection - Walkways or bridges with standard guardrails must be installed

where personnel are permitted to cross over excavations. Walkways should be
equipped with a toe board to keep objects from falling onto workers below.
NOTE: For additional guidance refer to the Marathon’s “HES Excavation
Standard.”
XXIII. Change Management
Any addition, modification, or replacement related to an operating process, other

than replacement-in-kind, shall be evaluated through a Change Management
Request. This is to ensure the continued safety of personnel and the protection
of facilities and the environment from results of change.
Replacement-in-kind may only be considered when an item is replaced with an

equivalent substitute with the same specifications.
Standard, Temporary, and Emergency changes all require a Change

Management Request.
Emergency Change Management may only be implemented when the change is

critical to the ongoing operations, the safety of the personnel, or the protection of
the environment. Once the emergency is over, the implemented change must be
removed or the Change Request processed following the Standard Change
Request procedures.
Temporary changes are limited to ninety (90) days to begin on the date the
change is implemented. At which time the change must be removed or a
Standard Change Request must be submitted.
EXAMPLES OF REPLACEMENT-IN-KIND NOT REQUIRING A MANAGEMENT

OF CHANGE REQUEST
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1) Replacing piping with piping of the same metallurgy, grade, nominal diameter,
thickness, same or higher MAWP, and the same routing. The piping must be
constructed of and fabricated to applicable codes.
2) Replacing a valve with one that meets all of the same specifications as the
one to be replaced. Valve must be same style (gate to gate, globe to globe),
meet same ANSI rating (ANSI 150 to ANSI 150), same nominal size, same
pressure rating, and same means of actuation.
3) Replacing rotating equipment with new equipment of the same material,
capacity, flange rating, seal design, driver type, head pressure, etc., as the
equipment being replaced.
4) Electrical switchgear which meets applicable standards, is not one-of-a-kind
type item, and meets the specifications of the equipment being replaced.
5) Replacing bolts, gaskets, and flanges meeting the piping specification and of
the same type as the equipment being replaced. Flanges must have same
ANSI rating, same facing, and must have same or higher design pressure.
6) Replacing relief valves that have the same relief capability, orifice size, design
specifications, and design codes as the equipment being replaced.
7) Replacing motors that have the same capacity (200 hp to 200 hp), same
electrical classification, same electrical rating (480 volts to 480 volts), same
type of controls and alarms.
8) Instrumentation must have same range for custody transfer metering facilities,
and similar range for monitoring applications. Instrumentation must measure
same units (gpm, scfpd, etc.) and must use same type of sensing element.
XXIV. PRODUCTION AND DRILLING EQUIPMENT
A Tailgate safety meeting and JSA, if available, should be conducted prior to

beginning any task. If a task does not already have a JSA, consider creating
one. Refer to the JSA Section of this handbook for more information. The
following is a common list of production and drilling equipment and a few of the
associated hazards:
Tanks - Tank roofs are not designed as walkways and, although they may
appear to be solid, they may actually be unsafe to walk on. Planks or other
means shall be provided, with supervisory approval, when tank top access is
necessary. The requirements for using a personal fall protection system are
outlined in the Fall Protection section of this handbook.
The inside of a closed tank or vessel may contain hazardous atmospheres. DO

NOT enter a tank or vessel until it has been prepared for safe entry and a Safe
Work Permit has been issued, including atmospheric testing. More information on
the requirements for tank entry is discussed in the Confined Space Entry section
of this handbook.
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When any vessel is opened, hydrocarbon vapors are freed and can travel
considerable distances under certain atmospheric condition. Some hydrocarbon
vapors are heavier than air and may travel downhill or with the wind. Keep
sources of ignition away (either upwind and/or uphill), including motor vehicles.
Wellheads - Wellhead assemblies can be subject to extremely high pressures

and shall be left strictly alone until you have been thoroughly trained and
authorized to operate them.
Pumping Units – If not properly secured, pumping units may be subject to

sudden or unexpected movement. Unless you have been trained on the proper
lockout/tagout procedures pumping units shall be left alone.
Don’t trust the brake to hold the counterweights in any position. A change in
downhole fluid weight can cause the counterweight to move, even when the
brake is set.
Heater Treaters And Line Heaters – The risk of flash fire when lighting or
relighting gas fired heaters is especially high when fuel gas has accumulated in
or around the fire box. In some instances, FRC may be required when lighting or
working around this type of equipment.
The area around any heater unit should be kept clear of flammable and
combustible material.
Rig Floor and Mud System Tanks – To reduce the risk of slips, trips and falls,
all stairs, railings and walkways should be in place and secure. This includes a
top rail, mid-rail and toe boards where needed.
To reduce the risk of fire or explosion, electrical equipment, including lighting, on

the rig and around the tanks must be approved for the hazard class and division
of the product being drilled for (e.g., oil, gas or both).
Mud system tanks are classified as “Confined Spaces” and, depending upon
other conditions within the tank, are usually considered “Permit Required
Confined Spaces”. Refer to the Confined Space Entry section of this handbook
for more information regarding Confined Spaces.
Blowout Preventer Assembly - The Blowout Preventer (BOP) assembly is a

vital part of a safe drilling operation. When a BOP is being installed,
communication, appropriate PPE, equipment inspection and keeping a safe
distance from other operations and personnel will help to ensure that no one is
struck or pinched by moving equipment.
Fall protection is required when working more than six (6) feet above ground.
36
Opening Flanges, Valves and Unions – Opening a pressurized line may result
in a sudden release causing equipment failure or personal injury. A line may be
pressurized due to leaking valves or unauthorized opening of a valve into that
section of line. Proper Lockout/Tagout procedures should be followed whenever
working on pressurized lines.
Some lines contain material which may be harmful to people or the environment.
Information such as, health effects and proper PPE (i.e., goggles, face shield,
rubber gloves, etc.) can be found on the MSDS.
Meter Buildings - Access to meter buildings is limited to authorized personnel

only. The interiors of these buildings are electrically classified as hazardous
areas – meaning only approved explosion proof or intrinsically safe equipment is
permitted to be utilized within these building. Smoking in these areas is strictly
prohibited.
Compressors - Work on compressors is limited to authorized personnel only.
Compressors can generate high levels of noise; appropriate hearing protection

should be worn when working in such environments.
When loading, compressors are subject to large amounts of suction and

discharge pressure. Non-essential personnel should stand clear when a
compressor is being loaded.
Moving parts on compressors shall be equipped with securely fastened guards.

Notify a supervisor of any damaged or missing guards. Loose clothing should
not be worn whenever working near moving equipment.
Pumps – Moving or rotating parts on pumps shall be equipped with securely

fastened guards. Notify a supervisor of any damaged or missing guards. To
avoid being caught never wear loose clothing when working near moving parts.
High pressures and electrical shock are common hazards around many pumps.
The pump should always be shut down before performing any adjustment or
maintenance and area Lockout/Tagout procedures should be followed. Refer to
the Lockout/Tagout section of this handbook for more information.
Relief Valves - Relief valves should be installed in accordance with the

manufacturer’s recommendations.
Relief valves are designed to fail at a pre-set pressure and should be periodically
tested, following established local procedures, to be sure they will work properly.
If you suspect that a relief valve has been tampered with or may not work for any
reason, notify your supervisor.
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Block valves upstream or downstream of relief valves should normally be fully
opened when the relief valve is in service. Some of these block valves will be
locked or tagged in the open position, depending on area requirements. Notify
your supervisor if you find a relief valve block valve that is closed.
Check shear-pin relief valves to be sure only the correct type, size and number of
pins are in place. Shear pins should be sealed when inserted into the proper
hole. Do not move a shear pin to a different hole and never replace a shear pin
with a steel pin, bolt or other pinning device.
Relief valves should be vented toward the area least likely for personnel to walk
or stand. The valves should be braced or anchored so that screwed connections
will not unscrew or fittings will not be broken by the force generated when the
valves operate.
Compressed Gas Cylinders – Compressed gas cylinders should be stored in

an upright position at all times and transported according to the appropriate
regulatory requirements. When not in use, oxygen and acetylene gas cylinders
are required to be stored in separate areas, not closer than 20 feet apart or by an
approved separation wall.
Cylinders should be secured by chain or other appropriate methods to prevent

them from moving or falling. Whenever a cylinder is not in use it should be fitted
with a protective cap over the valve.
Compressed gas cylinders are required to be hydrostatically tested and stamped
with the date of testing. Any out-of-date or unmarked cylinders must be retested
or replaced immediately.
Using a cylinder as a roller or support may cause it to fail.
Certain gases may require additional safeguards check with a supervisor for the
proper procedures for the cylinders being used.
Pressure Vessels – Catastrophic failure of pressure vessels may result in

someone being struck by high energy materials. The content of pressure vessels
is often flammable, toxic or both. Pressure vessels may fail due to a variety of
reasons. If a vessel appears to be damaged notify your supervisor immediately.
Never attempt unauthorized work on any pressure vessel.
Pigging Equipment - Valves connecting the pigging equipment to the pipeline

may be under pressure. If released the stored pressure could result in personal
injury.
Care should be taken when lifting heavy or oversized equipment. Never allow
anyone to stand below a suspended piece of equipment. Before each lift inspect
the equipment and ensure that all personnel understand their role and
responsibilities.
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Any waste materials recovered during pigging operations, including the spent pig,
shall be collected and disposed of properly.
Perforating Equipment - Signs shall be posted or designated personnel shall

stand at entrances to the location of perforation operations to notify visitors that
explosives are being used. To reduce the risk of surface detonations observe
the following rules:
• A pre-job meeting should be held with all personnel working on location to

review safety procedures.
• All radio and telephone transmitters, welding machines, and other electrical
power sources located within 500 feet of the perforation operations must be
turned off. Notification should be made to surrounding facilities and notices
should be posted.
• For offshore perforating operations, the dispatcher must inform all boats and
helicopters of the location of the perforating operations and request radio
silence.
• Hazards from static electricity that can be present from approaching storms,
blowing dust, or snow should be evaluated and proper precautions taken.
XXV. MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT
No one shall operate the equipment listed below unless they have been
instructed in its safe and proper use and the equipment has been inspected and
found to be in proper working condition. A Job Safety Analysis (JSA) should be
conducted prior to beginning any task. If a task does not already have a JSA,
consider creating one. Refer to the JSA Section of this handbook for more
information.
Winch Trucks - The following are hazards and recommended practices

associated with working on or around winch trucks:
• Do to the risk of falling, personnel should never be allowed to stand under

suspended loads.
• Tag lines should be used to guide any heavy load into or out of a tight space
which will allow personnel to stay away and from underneath. Tag lines can
also be used to control awkward loads such as pipe or culverts.
• If a load must be moved while suspended, proper precautions should be
taken to ensure that it does not contact personnel or equipment. Moves
should be sufficiently communicated and personnel should stand clear to
avoid being struck or caught by swinging loads.
• Do not position your body between the back of the truck and the loading dock
or other solid obstruction, to prevent being caught between the truck and solid
39
obstruction in case the truck rolls back or is backed up by the driver.
• Overhead electrical hazards should be identified prior to moving any piece of
equipment. Equipment such as gin poles that come in close proximity or
contact with overhead energized lines may cause an electrical arc. A
minimum clearance of 10 feet must be maintained from any energized power
line. If any part of the truck or gin pole comes into contact with a power line,
do not touch the vehicle, do not touch the line, and do not allow anyone
already inside the vehicle to dismount until it is clear of the power line.
• Winch lines may puncture the skin if leather gloves are not worn when
handling.
Cranes – The following are common hazards and recommended practices when
working around cranes and lifting operations:
• Before a sling is used to secure a load the sling and rigging shall be inspected
by a competent person. Incorrect or defective slings may result in a dropped
load. Loads with sharp corners or edges should be padded where they
contact slings.
• Lifting more weight than a crane is designed to lift may result in broken lines,
or structural failure. The crane operator should be familiar with the operating
limitations and refer to the load chart as needed. The crane shall never be
over-loaded and no attempt should be made to pick up a load about which
there is uncertainty.
• To avoid being struck by a moving load or equipment, personnel should
remain a safe distance while lifting operations are underway.
• Swinging loads are difficult to control and maybe dangerous to nearby
personnel. The hook should be positioned directly over the load to avoid
thrust on the boom and to prevent the load from swinging. Also, do not
attempt any lift when wind conditions may make it unsafe.
• Many incidents are the result of poor communication. Hand signals are
commonly used during lifting operations. See Appendix C for crane signals.
Hoists - Falling or slipping loads may strike personnel in the area. To reduce the
risk of such incidents all personnel should stay as far away as possible during
hoisting operations. Inspect all of the equipment (slings, hooks, hoist chain, etc.)
before each lift and ensure that the load is properly balanced to keep it from
swinging.
Forklifts - The following are common hazards and recommended practices when
working around forklifts:
• The operator should have a clear view of where the forklift is going to avoid
40
running into people or objects. Good practice is to sound the horn whenever
entering or exiting buildings or walkways to alert others of your presence.
• Overhead obstruction hazards should be identified ahead of time. Common

overhead obstructions include piping and energized electrical equipment.
• Loads that are not adequately secured may be prone to falling off the skids
while moving.
• The high center of gravity makes forklifts susceptible to rolling over, especially
on sloped surfaces. To lower the center of gravity loads should be carried as
close to the ground as practical. Whenever traversing an inclined surface
drive straight up and down, never diagonally.
XXVI. Load Binders
The use of lever style binders is banned at all Marathon North American sites.
Ratchet or cam style binders should be used as alternatives.
41
Figure #1 illustrates the lever style binder that will
no longer be acceptable except where they are
an integral load bearing and load rated
component of the equipment (I.E. guy lines on a
well service pulling unit).
Figure #2 illustrates a ratchet style binder as

an acceptable and preferred alternative.
Figure #3 illustrates a cam style binder that

should be considered as an alternative to
the lever style binders used on some well
service pulling units when a ratchet style
binder is not a practical alternative.
If a load arrives at any Marathon location with a lever style binder in place, work
should be suspended until a Pre-Job Safety Meeting is performed to ensure that
all affected personnel are aware of the hazards associated with releasing lever
style binders and adequate precautions are taken to ensure the binder is released
safely.
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XXVII. HAND TOOLS
Most injuries involving hand tools are caused by the misuse of the tool or by the
use of a defective tool. To reduce the risk of injury, tools should be right for the
job, properly maintained and inspected regularly. Defective tools should be
taken out of service.
If possible, choose tools designed to keep your wrist straight, not bent, and take
breaks to avoid repetitive strain injuries. Tools used for cutting, such as saws,
axes, chisels or knives, should be sharpened.
Whenever using any kind of tool consider the appropriate PPE.
XXVIII.TRANSPORTATION
Vehicle
The following requirements are for the safe operation of vehicles used for
conducting company business:
• All occupants of vehicles MUST wear seat belts at all times.

• Picking up hitchhikers is not allowed.
• All drivers must have in their possession a valid government issued driver’s
license for the class of vehicle being operated. Drivers shall receive training
and be physically capable of safely operating a vehicle.
• Drivers shall not operate a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, drugs,
narcotics or medication that could impair the driver’s ability to safely operate
the vehicle. Prescription or over-the-counter medication that may impair
judgment or performance should be reported to your company supervisor or.
Marathon Health Services.
• Drivers should not operate a vehicle when they are not fully rested, alert or
have a condition that could prevent them from safely operating the vehicle.
• Drivers shall remain alert at all times and maintain their attention to the safe
operation of the vehicle and surrounding road and traffic conditions.
• Vehicles must be operated in strict accordance with all applicable traffic laws,
ordinances, regulations and Marathon site rules.
• All vehicle safety devices shall remain operational. Tampering or disabling
any safety device (I.E.; seat belt warning alarms, air bags etc) is prohibited.
• All drivers are subject to periodic driver records review through the
appropriate agency.
• The driver is responsible to ensure that the vehicle is in safe operating
condition. Any part of the vehicle that is in an unsafe condition should be
43
reported and shall not be operated until repairs are made. Appropriate safety
equipment should be kept with the vehicle.
• Vehicle drivers must drive defensively and not depend on having the right of
way.
Each vehicle driver is responsible for being aware of any site rules adopted by
Marathon for the operation of vehicles and vehicle accident reporting procedures.
Helicopter
• The pilot is in complete charge of the helicopter and its passengers and has
the authority to refuse passage to anyone. All of the pilot’s instructions must
be followed.
• Proper authorization from an expediter is required for personnel to board the
helicopter.
• No smoking is allowed during boarding, take-off, while in flight, landing or
when disembarking from the craft.
• Personnel should approach and disembark the helicopter in a bent over
position and make sure they stay away from the tail rotor.
• Hard hats, baseball caps, etc. must not be worn when approaching or
disembarking from the helicopter.
• Any cargo being carried in the passenger compartment of helicopter shall be
secured by a safety belt or other tie down when passengers are onboard.
Also, no cargo shall be located in a position that obstructs the access to, or
use of, any emergency equipment. The pilot should be notified immediately if
these conditions are observed on a helicopter scheduled for flight.
• Hazardous materials shall be transported in accordance with Marathon
materials handling procedures.
Boat
• The boat captain is in complete charge of the vessel and its passengers. The
captain's instructions must be followed regarding loading procedures, storage
of luggage and cargo, seating arrangements, smoking restrictions, and any
other matter which may arise.
• Proper authorization from an expediter is required for personnel to board a
vessel. The number of passengers on a boat should not exceed the available
seating capacity.
• Personnel shall read emergency procedure instructions, listen to any briefing
given by the boat crew, and provide the boat crew will all requested
44
information.
• Disembarking from the boat is only allowed when the captain gives approval.
• If a person falls overboard, the boat captain should be informed immediately.
The boat captain will direct the rescue operations.
The following are general boat safety items:
• Hard hats, safety glasses, steel toe work shoes, and work vests (Type V)
shall be worn by personnel working on the deck of a boat.
• A signalman should be used to give visual directions while supplies are being
unloaded and the crane operator cannot see the deck of the supply boat.
• Cargo should be properly secured.
• Personnel should keep clear of lines at all times to avoid being caught if a line
should slip, jump the bitts, or break.
• Hazardous materials shall be transported in accordance with applicable
regulations.
• All openings in empty drums must be plugged before the drums are loaded
onto the vessel.
• Life rafts, ring buoys and PFDs must be accessible for immediate use. The
number of passengers on the boat shall not exceed the number of available
PFDs.
• Each boat shall be equipped with approved portable fire extinguishers that
are kept fully charged at all times.
• Each boat should be equipped with a spotlight adequate for illuminating a
landing area. Boat landings should also be equipped with adequate lighting.
• Work and stand-by boats on duty 24 hours a day must keep their radios
turned on at all times in the event of an emergency.
XXIX. FIRST AID
Personnel should familiarize themselves with the location and contents of first aid
kits in their area. First aid kits should be periodically inspected and contents
replaced as needed.
Facilities suitable for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be
provided in work areas where corrosive materials are located. The drenching or
flushing stations shall be located on the same level and within 10 seconds of
corrosive materials areas and the path shall be free of obstructions and as
straight as possible.
45
Where medical assistance may not be immediately available, employees should
be trained in first aid and CPR. In areas were 911 service is not available, the
telephone numbers of physicians, hospitals, or ambulances shall be
conspicuously posted near all phones.
XXX. OFFSHORE SAFETY
Offshore work environments present some unique HES hazards and issues.
Operations must be conducted with a high regard for safety and pollution
prevention.
Arrival Offshore - Upon arrival to the platform, personnel should report

immediately to the person in charge (PIC) of the platform or their representative
and sign in. Platform orientation and procedures will include:
• Assignment of muster station and duties in the event of an emergency;

• Assignment of bunk and locker (if required);
• Familiarization with the platform; and
• Instructions regarding emergency signals, communications procedures, first
aid equipment, injury-reporting procedures, work vest rules, smoking areas,
escape routes, hearing protection, over-water transfers, and fire systems.
Personnel arriving on an unmanned facility should report to the facility PIC via
radio or telephone. The PIC should also be notified once work has completed
and the personnel are scheduled to leave the facility.
Transfer by Personnel Basket
• Every person shall wear an approved life jacket or work vest at all times in
transit. Jackets and vests should be snug fitting and securely fastened before
beginning the transfer.
• Personnel shall only ride on the outside of the personnel basket, facing
inward with their arms hooked through the netting. Personal gear and light
equipment can be placed inside the basket.
• The rated personnel capacity of the personnel basket shall not be exceeded.
• Cargo nets shall not be used to transfer personnel and personnel baskets
shall not be used to transfer heavy or cumbersome cargo.
Pollution Prevention – Pollution prevention rules must be carefully

followed. Personnel should not throw anything overboard and should
immediately report any escaping oil and gas to the person in charge.
Station Bill - A notice, known as the Station Bill, is displayed at various locations
on the platform. It explains what action is to be taken in response to the area
46
visual and audible alarms. PERSONNEL SHOULD STUDY AND MEMORIZE
THE INFORMATION DISPLAYED ON IT. It is absolutely essential that everyone
on board knows what actions are required if the alarms are sounded.
Emergency Response
Emergency Alarms (Visual/Audible) - A description of the types of alarm used on
the platform appears on the Station Bill. Alarms are demonstrated regularly
during routine maintenance. Audible alarms should also be demonstrated during
orientation and each Platform Drill.
Muster Stations - Upon arrival on the platform, personnel will be assigned a

muster station. Everyone should know where their muster station is and
understand the alarms that indicate they should move to the station
Alternate Muster Stations - Personnel may be instructed either by PA

announcement or by a muster station captain to go to an alternate muster
station. If an alternative muster station is assigned upon arrival at the platform,
personnel should make sure they know where they are supposed to muster.
Mustering - Personnel should proceed briskly, but not running to their muster
station. Personnel in the accommodations should make every effort to don warm
clothing and collect a life jacket. If they are not in or close to their cabin, they
should proceed to the muster station.
Each person should check in with the person in charge of the muster. Everyone
should keep silent unless they have something to contribute to the muster.
Personnel must remain at the muster station where they checked in and should
not wander off to talk with others.
If personnel are instructed to embark in the life raft or life boat, they should act as
directed and occupy the seating arrangements as pointed out. All instructions
must be obeyed. Breaches of discipline at Musters are treated as serious
offenses.
Emergency Evacuation Equipment - All emergency evacuation equipment shall
be easily accessible to personnel. The means of evacuation will vary depending
on the platform, rig and/or ongoing operations. Typically the means of evacuation
may include:
• Stairways leading from the upper most deck to the water surface;
• Fixed ladders connected to the platform legs designated for escape use only;
• Knotted escape ropes that are approximately 1 inch in diameter with a knot
approximately every foot on the section of rope likely to be grasped; and
• Survival capsules, life rafts, and/or life floats.
Work Vests - Type V work vests shall be worn while working at the following
locations:
47
• On personnel baskets while being transported over water;
• Facility’s lowest deck (e.g., Plus 10 deck, Plus 20 deck) and all boat landings;
• On boats during cargo loading or off loading operations; and
• Anytime when working over water outside the facility guard rails.
Life Jackets – Personnel should know how to don their life jacket and how to use
it properly. If in doubt, personnel should ask their supervisor for a demonstration
and then practice with the life jacket in their cabin. There are life jackets available
for every person in their assigned cabin and more life jackets are available at the
lifeboat muster areas.
Emergency Drills - Emergency drills should be treated as if there were a real

emergency. Once the drill has ended, life jackets should be removed and re-
stowed in their original location.
Platform Emergencies –
Man Overboard – The person identifying a person overboard should throw

a lifebuoy upwind of the person in the water, raise the alarm and shout
“man overboard”. The shouting should continue until others are alerted.
The person in the water should be watched in order to provide up-to-date
information to the PIC. If others are available, they should call the PIC and
give details on the location of the person overboard.
Fire - The person discovering a fire must immediately activate the nearest
Manual Alarm Station. This action should be followed up immediately by
notifying other persons on the platform from the nearest and safest
telephone (or radio, if carried). The Operator should be advised of the
location and nature of the fire and requested assistance. An attempt to
extinguish the fire should only be done if it is still in the incipient stage and
it can be done safely. On hearing an alarm, all personnel without
emergency duties are to stop work, secure their work area, and proceed
immediately to their Muster Station and await further instructions. All off
duty personnel should put on warm clothing. Messages being broadcast
over the public address system will give vital details of the situation and
the actions required. Personnel should not panic or jump overboard.
Platform Abandonment - Procedures are provided on the platform station

bill if the platform must be abandoned. Jumping from the platform should
only be done if there is no other way of getting off the platform. If jumping
is necessary, the following steps should be taken by the person preparing
to jump:
• Get a life jacket and snugly fasten it around your body;
48
• Make your way as close as possible to the water level, remove your
hard hat, cup your hand over your nose and mouth and cross your
other arm over and hold onto your life jacket;
• Make certain there is nothing in the water below you; and
• Jump, crossing your legs and trying to maintain an upright position as
you fall. This can best be done by looking toward the horizon as you
fall.
Housekeeping - Because of the large number of people living in close proximity

on a platform, housekeeping rules are necessary to maintain a quality living
environment. High standards of personal hygiene are also essential in order to
prevent the spread of disease.
XXXI. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE
To assure that potential exposure to chemical and physical agents associated

with the facilities are recognized, evaluated and controlled, Marathon has
established an industrial hygiene program. This program is intended to identify
and address employee exposures through engineering controls, work practice
controls and/or personal protective equipment.
The monitoring associated with the industrial hygiene program will include, as
appropriate, site evaluation, area surveys, bulk sample collection, and exposure
monitoring. Records of the results of all monitoring and surveys performed under
this program shall be maintained and provided to affected personnel in
accordance with Marathon policy.
Drinking Water – Water intended for human consumption provided at Marathon

facilities will be of suitable quality. Where the drinking water systems do not
comply with local or World Health Organization requirements, bottled water shall
be used.
Heat Stress - In extremely humid climates or in extreme temperature climates,

the body cannot produce or evaporate enough sweat to keep the body
temperature normal. The effect of this is called heat stress and can range from
mild dehydration to complete heat stroke and resulting death. Symptoms of heat
stress include nausea, cramps, exhaustion, and stroke. To avoid heat stress,
personnel should keep fully hydrated, condition themselves to work in hot
climates (allow the body to adjust over a few days), wear light colored cloths, and
take a break if they feel they are getting a headache or becoming over-heated.
With a little caution and common sense, heat illnesses can be avoided.
Cold Weather - Hypothermia develops when body heat is lost due to a cool or
cold environment faster than it can be replaced. Temperatures do NOT have to
be below freezing for this condition to occur. Warning signs of hypothermia
49
include confusion, shivering, stiff muscles, becoming sleepy, slow breathing, and
others. To avoid hypothermia, personnel need to stay warm by wearing several
layers of clothing, keeping cloths dry, and wearing a hat and gloves.
Personnel working in an artic-type environment should plan ahead by having

their route mapped out, notifying someone of their expected arrival time and the
direction they will be traveling, having some type of emergency communication
available, and making sure they have appropriate survival equipment in their
vehicle.
Bloodborne Pathogens – Objects such as needles, scalpels, broken glass,

exposed wire ends, etc that have the potential to penetrate the skin and transfer
blood or other body fluids have the possibility to contain bloodborne pathogens.
Whenever applicable, proper PPE (rubber gloves, gowns, face masks, eye
protection, mouthpieces, etc) should be worn to guard against such exposures.
If exposure does occur first aid, including a thorough cleansing with soap and
water, should be administered promptly, if warranted. The immediate supervisor
should be notified and an Exposure Incident Report form and Sharps Log shall
be completed.
All individuals who experience a potential job-related exposure to bloodborne

pathogens will be given the opportunity to be tested immediately after the
exposure for bloodborne virus infectivity (e.g., Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV,etc).
Other Health Concerns – Area specific health concerns (malaria, yellow fever,
etc.) will be communicated to affected employees during HES meetings or site
orientation. The area HES Department or Marathon supervisor can be contacted
to provide additional information.
XXXII.PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Marathon is committed to conducting operations in an environmentally

responsible manner and expects its employees and contractors to share in this
commitment.
Waste Management – Each Marathon business unit maintains a waste

management plan that provides guidance to personnel on how to handle,
transport, and dispose of solid and hazardous waste. This plan and the HES
Department should be consulted regarding any questions on proper waste
disposal procedures.
Marathon encourages the reduction of waste by eliminating or decreasing the

volume or toxicity of wastes before they are generated. Some waste materials
may be recycled while other wastes will need to be treated or disposed in a
50
responsible manner. Once a waste is generated, it must be handled according to
the business unit’s waste management procedures. Correct handling includes
selecting the proper container for placement of the waste, labeling the container,
storing and shipping the waste, and manifesting the waste. Questions about
waste disposal should be directed to a supervisor or the HES Department.
Uninformed disposal and/or mixing of wastes may create greater disposal
problems. The best waste management is to avoid creating any waste.
Hydrocarbon and Chemical Spills – All spills of hydrocarbons and chemicals

are to be reported immediately to a supervisor regardless of size, source or
quantity. Each Marathon business unit has a spill response contingency plan that
identifies and describes the responsibilities for containing and cleaning up spilled
materials. It is important to recognize that spilled materials may be dangerous
and should only be handled by personnel with the proper training. Consult the
HES Department for additional guidance.
Plants and Wildlife – Work activities shall be conducted in such a way as to

minimize the impacts to plants and wildlife. Whenever possible, persons and
vehicles should stay on existing roadways or paths.
Discharges and Air Emissions – All discharges and air emissions are subject
to strict limitations. These limits are to be adhered to at all times. Any observed
deviation from the limits shall be reported to a supervisor immediately. No
discharges of untreated water (other than clean, non-contact rainwater) shall be
permitted. No other non-permitted and non-routine substances shall be
discharged without approval from the HES Department.
Other threats to the environment - All other threats to the environment that are
observed or any questions should be brought to the attention of the HES
Department.
XXXIII.SECURITY
Employees and contractors serve as the eyes and ears of the company-wide
security effort because they see much that occurs in and around a facility and are
in a good position to notice when something or someone does not seem right.
The following security practices are important to ensure the safety of the facility:
• Ensuring all personnel prominently display company identification badges at
all times while in a facility;
• Locking doors, files, and computers;
• Proper handling procedures for mail and package delivery;
• Looking for and reporting suspicious packages;
• Keeping exterior doors closed (not propped open);
51
• Awareness of personnel without identification badges; and
• Performing proper records management (document control and destruction).
Suspicious incidents, security breaches, suspected illegal activity should be
immediately investigated by the appropriate security personnel. Threats to safety
or security should be reported immediately to the Marathon security officer or
PIC. The following are examples of security incidents that may warrant
investigation:
• Threats of any nature against an employee;
• Indication of theft, illegal entry, burglary, and/or attempted entry;
• Unauthorized entry by personnel into restricted areas of the facility;
• Individual asking for information about the Company or facility that could be
used by an adversary to cause harm;
• Unexplained loss of raw materials or product;
• Cyber attack against an internal computer network; or
• Unauthorized personnel attempting to take photographs or videos of facilities,
especially refineries.
Marathon has established a Security Conditions (SECON) System to standardize
protective measures for a wide range of threats and to help disseminate
information for the support of local management.
SECON Levels
Security Condition Description
A general threat of possible terrorist activity exists
Green (5)
but warrants only routine security measures.
A threat of terrorist activities with generally
Blue (4)
enhanced security awareness.
An increased and more predictable threat of terrorist
Yellow (3) activity exists that may increase access controls
including additional personnel and vehicle barriers.
A terrorist incident occurs or intelligence information
Orange (2) that terrorist action is imminent requiring specific
protective measure to be implemented.
A terrorist attack has occurred or is initiated on the
Red (1) site requiring significantly increased protective
measures.
52
APPENDIX A – SAFE LIFTING GUIDE
1. Stand close to the load with

your feet spread apart about
shoulder width, with one foot
slightly in front of the other for
balance.
2. Squat down bending at the

knees (not your waist). Tuck your
chin while keeping your back as
vertical as possible.
3. Get a firm grasp of the object

before beginning the lift.
4. Begin slowly lifting with your

LEGS by straightening them.
Never twist your body during this
step.
5. Once the lift is complete, keep

the object as close to the body as
possible. As the load's center of
gravity moves away from the
body, there is a dramatic increase
in stress to the lumbar region of
the back.
53
APPENDIX B – FACIAL HAIR GRAPHICS
54
APPENDIX C – BASIC CRANE HAND SIGNALS
HOIST. With forearm vertical, and LOWER. With arm extended downward, BRIDGE TRAVEL. Arm extended
forefinger pointing up, move hand in forefinger pointing down, move hand in a forward, hand open and slightly
small horizontal circle. small horizontal circle. raised, make pushing motion in
direction of travel.
TROLLEY TRAVEL. Palm up, fingers STOP. Arm extended, palm down, hold EMERGENCY STOP. Arm
closed, thumb pointing in direction of position rigidly. extended, palm down, move hand
motion, jerk hand horizontally. rapidly right and left.
MULTIPLE TROLLEYS. Hold up one MOVE SLOWLY. Use one hand to give any MAGNET IS DISCONNECTED.
motion signal and place other hand Crane operator spreads both hands
finger for block marked "1" and two
fingers for block marked "2". Regular motionless in front of hand giving the motion apart -- palms up.
signals follow. signal. (Hoist slowly shown as example)
55
APPENDIX D – Soil Classification and Sloping Requirements
Type A soil means:

• Cohesive soils with an unconfined, compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square
foot (tsf) or greater.
• Cohesive soils are: clay, silty clay, sandy clay, clay loam and, in some cases,
silty clay loam and sandy clay loam.
• Cemented soils such as caliche and hardpan are also considered Type A.
However, no soil is Type A if:
• The soil is fissured;

• The soil is subject to vibration from heavy traffic, pile driving, or similar effects;
• The soil has been previously disturbed;
• The soil is part of a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the
excavation on a slope of four horizontal to one vertical (4H:1V) or greater; or
• The material is subject to other factors that would require it to be classified as a
less stable material.
Type B soil means:

• Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive strength greater than 0.5 tsf but
less than 1.5 tsf.
• Granular cohesionless soils including: angular gravel (similar to crushed rock),
silt, silt loam, sandy loam and, in some cases, silty clay loam and sandy clay
loam.
• Previously disturbed soils except those that would otherwise be classed as
Type C soil.
• Soil that meets the unconfined compressive strength or cementation
requirements for Type A, but is fissured or subject to vibration.
• Dry rock that is not stable.
• Material that is part of a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the
excavation on a slope less steep than four horizontal to one vertical (4H:1V),
but only if the material would otherwise be classified as Type B.
Type C soil means:

• Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive strength of 0.5 tsf or less;
• Granular soils including gravel, sand, and loamy sand;
• Submerged soil or soil from which water is freely seeping;
• Submerged rock that is not stable, or
• Material in a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the excavation or
a slope of four horizontal to one vertical (4H:1V) or steeper.
56
Excavations made in Type A soil.
All simple slope excavation 20 feet (6.1 meters) or less

20’ Max. 1
in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of (no
3/4
steeper than) ¾ :1.
Exception: Simple slope excavations that are open 24

hours or less (short term) and that are 12 feet (3.7 12’ Max.
meters) or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable 1
1/2
slope of (no steeper than) ½ :1
All benched excavations 20 feet (6.1 meters) or less in

depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of (no 20’ Max. 1
steeper than) ¾ to 1 and maximum bench dimensions 5’
Max. 3/4
as follows: 4’
Max.
All excavations 8 feet (2.4 meters) or less in depth that

have unsupported vertically sided lower portions shall 1
have a maximum vertical side of 3½ feet (1.1 meter). 8’ Max. 3/4
3.5’ Max.
All excavations more than 8 feet (2.4 meters) but not

more than 12 feet (3.7 meters) in depth with
unsupported vertically sided lower portions shall have a 1
maximum allowable slope of (no steeper than) 1:1 12’ Max. 1
and a maximum vertical side of 3½ feet (1.1 meter).

3.5’ Max.
Support or shield system

All excavations 20 feet (6.1 meters) or less in depth that
have vertically sided lower portions that are supported or
shielded shall have a maximum allowable slope of (no 1
20’ Max.
steeper than) ¾:1. The support or shield system must 3/4
18” Min.
extend at least 18 inches (0.5 meters) above the top of
the vertical side. Total height of vertical side
57
Excavations made in Type B soil.
All simple slope excavations 20 feet (6.1 meters) or 20’ Max.

1
less in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1
(no steeper than) 1:1.
This bench allowed in cohesive soils only
All benched excavations 20 feet (6.1 meters) or less

in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of 20’ Max.
1
4’ Max.
(no steeper than) 1:1 and maximum bench 4’ Max.
1
dimensions as follows:
Support or shield system

All excavations 20 feet (6.1 meters) or less in
depth that have vertically sided lower portions shall
be shielded or supported to a height at least 18 20’ Max. 1
inches (0.5 meters) above the top of the vertical 18” Min.
1
side. All such excavations shall have a maximum

Total height of vertical side
allowable slope of (no steeper than) 1:1.
Excavations made in Type C soil.
All simple slope excavations 20 feet (6.1 meters)

or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable 20’ Max.
1
slope of (no steeper than) 1½ :1. 1 1/2
All excavations 20 feet (6.1 meters) or less in depth

that have vertically sided lower portions shall be
1
shielded or supported to a height at least 18 inches 20’ Max.
1 1/2
(0.5 meters) above the top of the vertical side. All 18” Min.
such excavations shall have a maximum allowable

Total height of vertical side
slope of (no steeper than) 1½ :1
58
REFERENCES
For additional guidance refer to the following:
Marathon HES Homepage:

http://mweb.fdy.moc.com/hes/index.htm
Marathon HES Standards:

http://mweb.fdy.moc.com/hes/hes_standards/Standard_index.htm?
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):

http://www.epa.gov/
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA):

http://osha.gov/
American Petroleum Institute (API):

http://api-ec.api.org/frontpage.cfm
59
TRAINING RECORDS
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
Course Instructor: _______________________________________________________
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
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TRAINING RECORDS
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
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TRAINING RECORDS
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
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Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
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TRAINING RECORDS
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
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Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
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TRAINING RECORDS
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Date(s): _______________________________________________________________
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Course Title: ___________________________________________________________
Description: ____________________________________________________________
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Location: ______________________________________________________________
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VISION STATEMENT:
Marathon’s Health, Environment and Safety (HES) Vision is straightforward:

• Our people and workplaces are safe;
• Our operations are clean; and
• We practice responsible action wherever we work.
By these we mean the following:
• Safe – We are committed to providing safe and healthy workplaces where our
employees, contractors, and others involved with out operations can work in a
setting, free of injury or illness.
• Clean – We conduct operations in a manner designed to protect the environment
and will work to minimize wastes, emissions and other releases in all of our
activities.
• Responsible – We strive to be a good corporate citizen wherever we operate, in
accordance with our Corporate Social Responsibility Position Statement. To do so
we maintain high ethical standards, support sustainable business practices, and
prepare for and respond accordingly to emergencies.
69

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HEALTH,

Site Specific Orientation:

Presented by: ______________________________

We have only the highest expectations regarding your safety performance

Marathon strongly supports the principles of Safety Leadership. You are

The Corporation’s commitment to high standards of Health, Environmental and Safety

Prevention of Pollution & Resource Conservation: We are committed to

Communities: We are dedicated to being a good neighbor in the communities

Security and Emergency Preparedness: Security and emergency preparedness

Risk Assessment: Management of risk is fundamental to safe operations, products

Measurement of Performance: Our HES performance will be measured regularly

Continuous Improvement: Our management systems provide a framework for setting

Communication: We will clearly communicate our HES commitments, responsibilities

XXXI Occupational Health and Hygiene ........................................... 49

This handbook provides an overview of Marathon Oil Company’s

This booklet is not intended to cover every aspect of safety and

II. MARATHON AND CONTRACT EMPLOYEE EXPECTATIONS

Marathon considers HES performance to be a cornerstone of its business,

Additionally, Contractors are expected to have a Case Management Plan to

III. SHORT SERVICE EMPLOYEES

Inexperienced employees are required to wear either an inexperienced

IV. HES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Global Performance System (GPS) is a performance based management

Marathon is dedicated to the principles of Safety Leadership. In 2006 Our

Marathon’s Safety Leadership beliefs are founded on two critical elements:

Strong Leaders demonstrate the following behaviors:

vPSI is a tool Marathon uses during incident investigations to evaluate the

The vPSI rating system does the following:

One important objective in the vPSI process is to develop 1 or 2 corrective

Type 0 – Not a corrective action – does nothing to prevent the unplanned

The use of this process will result in continuous improvement in the

A Pre-Job/Tailgate Safety Meeting Report shall be completed, and a

After completing the job a Post-Job Debriefing should be conducted to

The JSA is a process used to identify hazards associated with a specific

A planned task is broken into steps:

The JSA is a permanent working tool, which should be revised as needed.

Performing JSAs should be a team effort. By involving others in the

HES meetings are an excellent opportunity to discuss the safety and

IX. PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT (PSM)

Process Safety Management (PSM) was developed by OSHA following

• Employee Participation • Hot Work Permits

It is essential that employees and contractors working at a PSM regulated

For more information regarding PSM contact the Marathon HES

To ensure regulatory compliance and common good practice, Marathon

Marathon Facility Audits

Marathon uses a 3-tiered HES auditing program to measure implementation and

Tier II HES Audits are systematic compliance assurance reviews conducted to

Tier III HES audits are independently conducted component reviews of

XI. GENERAL SAFETY RULES

Smoking - Smoking is prohibited in all Marathon offices

Horseplay - Horseplay and practical jokes are not allowed.

These fundamental principles of safe lifting are illustrated in Appendix A. Do not

• Is the ladder sturdy?

Never place tools/material on the platform or top step of a stepladder. Avoid

The top of a ladder must extend at least three feet

Straight ladders must be used at an angle where the

Stepladders shall be made of a nonconductive material such as fiberglass.

Unauthorized Drugs, Intoxicating Beverages, Weapons and Stolen Property –

Possession or use of any contraband items or failure to consent to inspection of

Workplace Violence - Workplace violence of any nature is not tolerated by

• Following Marathon security guidelines;

XII. OFFICE SAFETY

XIII. HAZARD COMMUNICATIONS (RIGHT-TO-KNOW)