ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE DUMPSITE ON WATER AND

SOIL IN BHOPAL CITY.

A
PROPOSED SYNOPSIS
SUBMITTED FOR THE REGISTRATION
FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSPHY IN
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
BY
WAHEED AHMAD HURRA

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF:

DR ABHILASHA BHAWSAR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND LIMNOLOGY
BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND LIMNOLOGY

BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY BHOPAL, (M.P) - 462026.
2018
 Introduction
Solid waste is one of the by-products of human activities and is generated from residential,
commercial and industrial areas. Solid wastes are categorized into municipal, industrial,
agricultural, biomedical and hazardous wastes. The introduction of new material, changing
consumption patterns, and increasing waste generation especially in urban areas have
contributed to the problems of waste management (Devkota and Watanabe, 2005). The
haphazard dumping of wastes contaminates surface and ground water supplies. In urban
areas, MSW clogs drains, creating stagnant water for insect breeding and floods during
rainy season (Alam and Ahmade, 2013). In most of the developing countries, solid wastes
are being dumped on land without adopting any acceptable sanitary land filling practices.
Precipitation that infiltrates the solid wastes disposed on land mixes with the liquids already
trapped in the crevices of the waste and leach compounds from the solid waste. The
leachate thus formed contains dissolved inorganic and organic solutes. In course of time,
the leachate formed diffuses into the soil and changes the physicochemical characteristics
of water. Leachate from a solid waste disposal site is generally found to contain major
elements like calcium, magnesium, potassium, nitrogen and ammonia, trace metals like
iron, copper, manganese, chromium nickel, lead and organic compounds like phenols,
polyaromatic hydrocarbons, acetone, benzene, toluene, chloroform etc. The concentration
of these in the leachate and water depends on the composition of wastes. Some of the
pollutants may be adsorbed on to the soil media during the flow of leachate through the
soil. Areas near landfills have a greater possibility of groundwater contamination because
of the potential pollution source of leachate originating from the nearby dumping site. Such
contamination of groundwater results in a substantial risk to local groundwater resource
user and to the natural environment. The impact of landfill leachate on the surface and
groundwater has given rise to a number of studies in recent years and gained major
importance due to drastic increase in population. There are many approaches that can be
used to assess the groundwater and surface water contamination. It can be assessed either
by the experimental determination of the impurities or their estimation through
mathematical modelling. Once groundwater becomes contaminated, full restoration of its
quality is very difficult and even impossible in some cases (Vasanthi et al., 2010).
There is immense need of present times to get rid from solid waste pollution. It can be
controlled effectively through solid waste management. As it is a difficult task, its main
objectives are to reduce the harmful effects and find ways for their utilization. Solid waste
is harmful for the environment whether it exists in solid, liquid or gaseous form. Solid
waste pollution is caused mainly through urbanization and through industrial waste. It
causes various diseases in human as bacillary dysentery, diarrhea and amoebic dysentery,
plague, salmonellosis, trichinosis, endemic typhus, cholera, jaundice, hepatitis, gastro
enteric diseases etc. Hence, management of solid waste is very essential, it helps in
reducing solid waste pollution and creates pollution free and clean environment. Various
methods are practiced to control solid waste pollution as composting, recycling,
incineration, pyrolysis, disposal, landfills etc. Hence, solid waste management reduces or
controls the solid waste pollution and its hazardous effects. If solid waste is not effectively
and properly managed, it can result in adverse impacts on both environment and human
health causing air, soil, and water pollution and diseases (Manfredi et al., 2010).

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Islam et al. (2012) studied the effects of solid waste and industrial effluents on water quality
of Turaj River Bangladesh and the results showed increased metal concentrations like Fe,
Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, due to the dumping of solid waste material and the water color was light
to dark black with emitted noxious smell due to the discharge of industrial effluents. The
study suggested that the water was not suitable for human consumption and other purposes
like aquaculture, agriculture etc.

Devkota and Watanabe (2005) studied the impacts of solid waste on water quality of
Bishnumati River and surrounding areas in Kathmandu, Nepal. The analyzed samples
indicates the increased pollution level in downstream areas due to indiscriminate dumping
of solid waste on the bank sites of Bishnumati River which releases leachate that enters the
surface and subsurface water and makes the water unfit for drinking purposes.
Agarwal et al (2013) worked on water quality surroundings to MSW dumps of Raipur and
examined water samples higher in concentrations of various parameters near the MSW
dumping site due to the leachate that percolates into the soil and affects the soil properties
and contaminates the ground water quality.

Nartey et al (2012) evaluated the impacts of solid waste dumpsites on surface water system
in the Accra Metropolitan area, Ghana and found that the major sources of pollutants into
the water body were organic wastes and coli-form bacteria derived from waste dumps
which make the water unsafe for drinking.

Nandwana and Chhipa (2014) studied the impacts of solid waste disposal on ground water
quality, Jaipur, India and the examined samples showed that the ground water quality is
deteriorating near the dumpsites due to the leachates formed that seeps into the earth and
makes the water unfit for drinking and irrigation.

Srigirisetty et al (2017) studied the impacts of open dumping of municipal solid waste on
groundwater and soil and examined samples showed variation in soil composition and
contamination of groundwater through leachate.

Ejaz et al (2010) evaluated the environmental impacts of improper solid waste management
in developing countries and found that the open dumps of solid wastes along roadsides are
responsible for the clog of drains, breeding of flies and epidemic diseases due to miserable
solid waste management mostly in remote areas of the city.

Alam and Ahmade (2013) study the impacts of solid waste on health and environment and
found that the improper management of solid wastes generated daily from households and
community causes serious health hazard and leads to the spread of infectious disease.

Chadar and Kreeti (2017) evaluated the causes and effects of solid waste pollution on
environment and concluded that solid waste pollution is caused mainly through
urbanization and industrial waste. It causes various diseases in humans as bacillary
dysentery, diarrhea and amoebic dysentery, plague, salmonellosis, trichinosis, endemic
typus, cholera, jaundice, hepatic, gastro enteric disease etc. Hence, proper management of
solid waste is needed, that will helps in reducing solid waste pollution and creates pollution
free and clean environment.

Sankosh et al (2013) evaluated environmental and health impacts of solid waste disposal
in developing cities and revealed that residents less than fifty metres from dumpsite are
most affected by the dumpsite. Hence they were victims of malaria, chest pain, diarrhea,
chlora, irritation of the skin, nose and eyes and they also noted that the extent of air and
water pollution is worse in the raining season as a result of offensive and disease-carrying
odor as well as ground water pollution. The study therefore concluded that dumpsites
should be properly managed to minimize its effects on the environment.

Abbas et al (2018) studied the impacts of solid waste on groundwater quality and the study
revealed that high concentration of physiochemical parameters of ground water was present
in dumpsites due to solid waste and sewage discharge. The surrounding samples indicate
the poor water quality which is not fit for drinking purpose.

Objectives of Study

• To assess the impacts of solid waste on water quality.

• To assess the impacts of solid waste on soil.

• To evaluate the health effects of solid waste dumpsite on local residents.

• To study the impact of heavy metals on water and soil quality.

Research methodology

Study area

The selected steady area for the proposed research is Bhanpur dumpsite and Adampur
Chhawni dumpsite, Bhopal. The total area of Bhanpur dumpsite is 57.80 acres and it is
located between 230 17’47.59’’N 770 25’11.54 E and the Chhawani Adampur dumpsite is
located between 230 15’18.66”N and 770 32’25.06’’ E.

Methodology
The methodology for the evaluation of physicochemical parameters of water viz., pH,
conductivity, TDS, chloride, total hardness, nitrate, orthophosphate, dissolved oxygen will
be done by using standard procedure as mentioned in the APHA (2005) and Workbook of
Limnology (Adoni,1985). Similarly soil samples will be tested for pH, chloride, sulphates,
calcium carbonate, nitrogen, phosphorus. Both water and soil samples will also be tested
for heavy metal content, namely, chromium, cadmium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper,
nickel.

Expected Outcome

• The study will generate the baseline data for further studies.

• The study will present the status of water and soil quality.

• The study will highlight the impacts of solid waste on soil and water quality.

• The study will categories solid waste type generated from population of
Bhopal city.

• The study will suggest preventive/remedial measures to local government,

non-government and other local bodies.

Bibliography

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solid waste and industrial effluents on water quality of Turaj River at Konabari
industrial area, Gazipur, Bangladesh. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources,
5(2):213-218.
• Devkota Danish C. and Watanabe Kunio (2005) Impacts of solid waste on
water quality of Bishnumati River and surrounding areas in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 31:19-24.
• Agrawali Anita, Pandey Rama and Agrawal M.L., (2013) Water quality
surrounding to MSW dumps of Raipur City- A case study. Recent Research in
Science and Technology.5 (5):07-11.
• Nartey Vincent Kodzo, Hayford Ebenezer Kofi and Ametsi Smile Kwami
(2012) Assessment of the impacts of solid waste dumpsites on some surface
 water systems in the Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana. Journal of Water
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• Nandwana Rahul and Chhipa R. C. (2014) Impacts of solid waste disposal
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Signature of Supervisor Signature of candidate