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Six species of the dagger nematode genus Xiphinema dition, the vulva was located more anteriorly (44-46 vs
Cobb, 1913 have been described from Iran, viz., X. rob- 48-56% in the type) (Guesmi-Mzoughi et al., 2017). Dur-
binsi Pedram, Niknam & Decraemer, 2008, X. iran- ing the present study, a live population of the species
icum Pedram, Niknam, Robbins, Ye & Karegar, 2009, X. was kindly provided from the type locality by Dr M. Pe-
mazandaranense Pedram, Pourjam, Robbins, Ye, Atighi dram, one of the original proposers of the species. The
& Decraemer, 2012, X. granatum Pedram, Pourjam, morphological and morphometric characters of a recov-
Palomares-Rius, Ghaemi, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete & ered female (together with a juvenile specimen, mounted
Castillo, 2012, X. zagrosense Ghaemi, Pourjam, Pedram, on permanent slides using standard methods (De Grisse,
Robbins, Ye & Decraemer, 2012, and X. castilloi Roshan- 1969)) were in accordance with the type population de-
Bakhsh, Pourjam, Pedram, Robbins & Decraemer, 2014, scribed by Pedram et al. (2008) (major morphometrics
all of which, except for X. robbinsi, were established as follows: L = 3.5 mm, a = 73.8, b = 7.7, c = 93,
based upon both morphological and molecular phylo-
c = 1.3, V = 48, lip region diam. = 13 μm, lip re-
genetic criteria. Xiphinema robbinsi is an amphimictic
gion height = 7 μm, odontostyle = 128 μm, odon-
species belonging to morphospecies group 6, charac-
tophore = 74 μm, neck (anterior end to base of pharyn-
terised by equally developed genital branches, absence of
geal bulb) = 457 μm, vulval body diam. = 48 μm, anal
Z- or pseudo-Z-organ but presence of spines (Loof & Luc,
body diam. = 30 μm, and tail = 38 μm; Fig. 1). Two
1990), and mainly characterised by 3.0-3.6 mm long fe-
males having an anteriorly broad rounded lip region with additional live individuals were used for DNA extraction.
a depression at the junction with the body, odontostyle Recovery of the live material enabled molecular phylo-
107.5-127.0 μm long, tail mainly with a wide, slightly genetic analyses based upon two genomic markers: 28S
bulging terminus with a blind canal, four juvenile devel- rDNA D2-D3 and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) for
opmental stages, and males common with 52.5-56.2 μm the first time. DNA extraction from live individuals, the
long spicules (Pedram et al., 2008). The species is cur- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and molecular phyloge-
rently known only from the type locality and recently netic analyses were performed according to Gharibzadeh
from Tunisia, although the Tunisian female specimens et al. (2018). A total number of 82 species/isolates of
were longer (3.7-4.5 mm), the single male specimen pos- Xiphinema non-americanum species group (including two
sessing shorter spicules 49 μm long, differences that were dorylaim outgroup taxa) were selected for 28S phylogeny,
attributed to geographical intraspecific variability. In ad- and a total number of 37 species/isolates of Xiphinema
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),
Tehran, Iran
∗
E-mail: Afshar_fj@yahoo.com
Received: 19 August 2018; revised: 1 October 2018
Accepted for publication: 1 October 2018; available online: 30 October 2018
Keywords: 28S, dagger nematode, Dorylaimida, Iran, ITS1, morphometrics, taxonomy, Tunisia.
Fig. 1. Xiphinema robbinsi Pedram, Niknam & Decraemer, 2008 from the type locality, Female. A: Typical morphology of lip region;
B: Tubular part of uterus with small crystalloids (arrowheads); C: Tail; D: Vagina and ovejector with sperm. (Scale bar = 10 μm.)
334 Nematology
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Short communication
ing into account the morphological differences between Gharibzadeh, F., Pourjam, E. & Pedram, M. (2018). Description
the Tunisian population and the original description of X. of Longidorus azarbaijanensis n. sp. (Dorylaimida: Longi-
robbinsi discussed by Guesmi-Mzoughi et al. (2017), the doridae) from Iran. Journal of Nematology 50, 207-218. DOI:
exact identity of the former clearly needs to be rechecked. 10.21307/jofnem-2018-009
Guesmi-Mzoughi, I., Archidona-Yuste, A., Cantalapiedra-
Navarrete, C., Palomares-Rius, J.E., Regaieg, H., Horrigue-
Acknowledgement Raouani, N. & Castillo, P. (2017). Integrative identification
and molecular phylogeny of dagger and needle nematodes as-
I appreciate the kind help of Dr Pedram for providing sociated with cultivated olive in Tunisia. European Journal
the live material for this molecular study and for checking of Plant Pathology 147, 389-414. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-016-
the species identity. 1011-x
Loof, P.A.A. & Luc, M. (1990). A revised polytomous key
for the identification of species of the genus Xiphinema
References Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) with exclusion of the
Xiphinema americanum-group. Systematic Parasitology 16,
De Grisse, A.T. (1969). Redescription ou modifications de 35-66. DOI: 10.1007/BF00009600
quelques techniques utilisées dans l’étude des nématodes Pedram, M., Niknam, G. & Decraemer, W. (2008). Xiphinema
phytoparasitaires. Mededelingen Faculteit Landbouwweten- robbinsi sp. n. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida), an amphimictic
schappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent 34, 351-369. species from Iran. Russian Journal of Nematology 16, 49-57.