G

CXJFK IGHHGONUZNEG
JG
XCUG-EXVT

 G Zrgjníåc jgs crnmfbs

crnmfbs

Uch g jnrfíåc jf
 Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn

 www.rcsg-eruz.crm
8
 Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, G Zrgjníåc jgs crnmfbs,
Ecpyrnm`t © 8<70

 Zcjcs jnrfntcs rfsfrvgjcs « Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz  ¹.

 ¹.
Bfb`ukg pgrtf jfssf onvrc pcjf sfr rfprcjuznjg cu utnonzgjg
u tnonzgjg
sch qugoqufr acrkg sfk gutcrnzgíåc fserntg jf Îjntncbs
 Z`furmng, eck fxefíåc jgs entgíöfs eurtgs nbtfmrgjgs bcs
grtnmcs cu gprfsfbtgíöfs rfogencbgjgs g fssf onvrc.

Crjrf Ighhgonstnquf jf og Xcsf-Ercnx © 8<70

8867 B. Xgkpgrt Hovj #755, Ogs Qfmgs, BQ 0>780, VUG
sferftgrngtmfbfrgoLcire.crm
Aghrnegjc bcs Fstgjcs Vbnjcs

Jfseuhrg g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz

 www.rcsg-eruz.crm

5
\uhonegjc eck gs gutcrnzgíöfs jcs Mrgbjfs Canengns jg
Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz.

 Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn (Noo.M.\.X+E)

\gtrneng Hcurnb (Noo. M.E.)

:
 ËBJNEF

 G\XFUFBZGÍÅC
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SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS > 
 G ZXGJNÍÅC XCUG-EXVT SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS77
Bgsenkfbtc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz SSSSS77
Jfsfbvcovnkfbtc jg Crjfk SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS78
Ercbcocmng jg Xcsg-Eruz SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS75
Onb`gmfk jcs Mrgbjfs Kfstrfs, M.\.X+ESSSSSSSSSSS7:
CXMGBNTGÍÅC jg C.I.X.E. SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS7= 
\gësfs rfprfsfbtgjcs SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS7=
Fstruturgs ocegns - Egpëtuocs SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS7=
Fstruturgs Nbtfrbgencbgns f Bgencbgns SSSSSSSSSSSSSS7=
Fstruturg nbnençtneg SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS70
\FXEVXUC NBNENÇZNEC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
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Uchrf c pfreursc nbnençtnec SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS7>
Nbnengíöfs trgbskntnjgs bcs Egpëtuocs SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
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 G CHXG JC EG\ËZVOC
EG\ËZVOC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
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SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS86
 G chrg jc EgpëtuocSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
EgpëtuocSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS86
Erngíåc jf uk Egpëtuoc SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS81
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 GXE@NECBAXÎXNF JF NFUE@CVG@ NFUE@CVG@SSSSSSSSSSSSS8= 
Nbtrcjuíåc SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SS 8=
Crnmfk jg Gre`necbarîrnf SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS8=
Fstruturg SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSS80
Ecbvntf SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSS80

6
 AXGZFXBNJGJF
AXGZFXBNJGJF JCU HCBU @CKFBU SSSSSSSSSSS 8> 
Eçtgrcs4 cs purcs SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS8>
Bcssg argtfrbnjgjf SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
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@FXGBÍG jg C.I.X.E. SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS55
 G MBCUF CXNMNBGOSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS5:
 G IGHHGOG EXNUZÅ
EXNUZÅ SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS56 
Bgsenkfbtc jg Ighhgog SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS56
Ighhgog ernstå f ighhgog `frkîtneg SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS5>
 G EGQGOGXNG EFOFUZF EFOFUZF SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS:= 
 G QFXJGJFNXG
QFXJGJFNXG XCUG-EXVT
XCUG-EXVT SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS:> 
 G Xcsg-Eruz bg `nstõrng SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS:>
 G Xcsg-Eruz jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz SSSS68
C KGXZNBNUKC f g C.I.X.E.SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS66 
C CEVOZNUKCSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS6> 
ZFCOCMNG F ONZVXMNG SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS17
CU MXGBJF \GZXNGXEGU
\GZXNGXEGU X+E SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS15
 Qnsecbjf Ocuns E`grofs Îjcugrj jf Ogpgssf SSSSSSSSS15
Anrknb Hcnssnb SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS16
Nrkåcs \fogjgb SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS10
Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS=5
Argbícns E`grofs Hgroft SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS=6
\gpus SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSS =1
 Zfjfr SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS=>
 Dfgb Hrneguj SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SS0<
Ocuns Kgrnf Argbícns
A rgbícns Mnrguj SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS08
 Dfgb Hrcunooft SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSS0:

1
 \gtrnei Z. SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS06
 Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS06
 FUZVJCU Ì JNUZÈBENG
JNUZÈBENG SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS0= 
Crmgbnzgíåc f ecbtfôjc jcs fbsnbgkfbtcs SSSSSSSSSS0=
Fstruturg jf ukg oníåc SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS00
Vk pfreursc prcmrfssnvc SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS00
Cs eurscs nkfjngtgkfbtf jnspcbëvfns cbonbf SSSSSSSSS0>
 G Nbnengíåc SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SS0>
ZCXBGX-UF KFKHXC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSS><
\FXMVBZGU - XFU\CUZGU SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS>7
ECBZGZC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS>0 
HCOFZNK NBACXKGZNQC
NBACXKGZNQC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSS >> 
UNZF NBZFXBFZ jg C.I.X.E. SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS>> 

=
0
 G\XFUFBZGÍÅC
 G\XFUFBZGÍÅC
Jfsjf c sîeuoc 70, c suo jg Argbíg acn ukg rfmnåc nkpcrtgbtf
fk fspnrntugonjgjf f ceuotnskc. Acn c oumgr jf bgsenkfbtc jf
eîofhrfs ecrrfbtfs jfsjf jc mbcstnenskc, jcs Gotcs Mrgus jg
Kgícbgrng, hfk eckc jf vçrngs fsecogs Xcsg-Eruzfs f
eghgoëstnegs. Fstg rfmnåc pfrkgbfefu eckc uk oumgr jf crnmfk
nbqufstncbçvfo jgs scenfjgjfs nbnençtnegs cenjfbtgns. Fog, gonçs,
ecbsfrvcu uk oumgr njäbtnec bc nkgmnbçrnc ecoftnvc,
uotrgpgssgbjc ogrmgkfbtf gtî kfskc g Argbíg. Wufk båc sf
ofkhrg, pcr fxfkpoc, jc fbnmkg jf Xfbbfs of E`ètfgu f jc
\rncrgjc jf Unåc quf sf jfsfbrcocu bg rfmnåc jf Xgzàs. Gs
ecrrfbtfs mbõstnegs, eghgoëstnegs, goqunknstgs f kçmnegs sfkprf
acrgk nkpcrtgbtfs bg rfmnåc. Crg, sf båc î pcr nstc quf bc
sîeuoc 7> quf cs eëreuocs ceuotcs pgrnsnfbsfs sf ecbstntuërgk g
pgrtnr jcs ecbtgtcs eck gs acbtfs crnmnbgns jg trgjníåc
cenjfbtgo.
î jf oç quf prcväk g trgjníåc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-
Eruz!
Erngjg fk 7000, fog acn g prnkfnrg Crjfk Xcsg-Eruz erngjg bg
îpceg kcjfrbg.
Vk efrtc bôkfrc jf mrupcs acn a cn erngjc kgns tgrjf prceurgbjc
nkntgr fstg ouz crnmnbgo. Arfqufbtfkfbtf nkntgjg, kgs dgkgns
nmugogjg, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz ecbtnbug g
cafrfefr `cdf ukg rfgo nbnengíåc tfôrmneg f fbsnbgkfbtcs jf
fxefpencbgo qugonjgjf.
Uf vceä tfk uk jfsfdc rfgo jf jfsechrnr c ecrgíåc jg trgjníåc
Xcsg-Eruz f trgbsacrkgr g sug vnjg mrgígs g uk pfreursc
nbnençtnec gutäbtnec, hgstg quf vceä jfseuhrg fstf sntf f ofvgbtf
c vîu jg C.I.X.E.
 Qceä eckprffbjfrç, fbtåc, rgpnjgkfbtf quf g acbtf crnmnbgo
sfkprf tfk kgns fanenäbeng quf gs erngíöfs pcstfrncrfs.

>
7<
 G ZXGJNÍÅC XCUG-EXVT
XCUG-EXVT
Bgsenkfbtc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg
Xcsg-Eruz
C vnsecbjf Ocuns-E`grofs-Îjcugrj jf Ogpgssf, kîjnec f
fsctfrnstg, acn c gbnkgjcr jg prnkfnrg Xcsg-Eruz fk Zcuocusf
pcr vcotg jf 706<.
Fstg Zrgjníåc rfmncbgo pfrkntnu c fbecbtrc fbtrf g trgjníåc
këstneg f snkhõoneg gofkå f gs `frkîtnegs ecrrfbtfs
kfjntfrrèbnegs. Î gssnk quf fstgs sf nbtfmrgrgk fk sug `frgbíg
ernstå fsctîrneg, gs enäbengs `frkîtnegs, goquëknegs, gstrcoõmnegs
f tfôrmnegs.
 G Xcsg-Eruz argbefsg frg nbjfpfbjfbtf jg Kgícbgrng. Bc
fbtgbtc, kuntcs jf sfus nbnengjcs fstgvgk gtnvcs fk vçrncs
rntcs kgíúbnecs eck tfbjäbengs `frkîtnegs, eghgoëstnegs f
fmëpengs.
Fk 700:, c Kgrquäs Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg fbtrcu fk ecbtgtc
eck cs nrkåcs \îogjgb, quf fstgvgk onmgjcs ì trgjníåc jg
Xcsg-Eruz jg qugo agogkcs. Anrknb Hcnssnb frg fbtåc c Mråc-
Kfstrf. Î jfof quf Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg rfefhfu g trgbsknssåc
jg ecrrfbtf `frkîtneg jcs Xcsgeruzfs, ukg mrgbjf pgrtf jf
sfu fbsnbgkfbtc f knssåc. Fof acn fbegrrfmgjc jf rfubnr fk
ukg Crjfk, g gutäbtneg nbnengíåc Xcsg-Eruz eckpcstg jf ukg
acrkgíåc tfõrneg jf qugonjgjf efbtrgjg bgs enäbengs
trgjnencbgns gsscengjgs eck efrnkúbngs rntugoëstnegs jf gotg
qugonjgjf f pcjfr. C ôbnec gspfetc quf pfrkgbfefu vnsëvfo
jfpcns acn c fbsnbc f cs fstujcs.
Xfspfntgbjc sfus eckprcknsscs, acn fk 7000 quf Utgbnsogs jf
Mugntg, fbtåc eck 8= gbcs, aubjcu
a ubjcu g "Crjrf Ighhgonstnquf jf
og Xcsf-Ercnx", (C.I.X.E.).
Fssg jgtg båc acn fseco`njg gofgtcrngkfbtf. G Argtfrbnjgjf jg
Xcsg+Eruz jf Curc Gofkå crnmnbcu-sf fk uk eneoc jf 777
gbcs f sfu snstfkg jf pgtfbtfs acn rfcrmgbnzgjc fk 7===.

77
 Ufmunbjc gs nbstruíöfs rfefhnjgs, Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg fxtfrbcu
g Crjfk 777 gbcs jfpcns.
Fbtrf cs kfkhrcs kgns ecb`fenjcs jg Crjrf Ighhgonstnquf jf
og Xcsf-Ercnx jfssg îpceg, pcjfkcs entgr4 \gpus, \guo Gjgk,
 Dcoonvft-Egstfoct, Kgre @gvfb (Jr. Ogogbjf), \guo Uîjnr (^vcb
Of Ocup), \nfrrf Gumustnb E`ghcsfgu, Frni Ugtnf, Fkkg
Egovf, Egknoof Aogkkgrncb f kuntcs cutrcs.

Jfsfbvcovnkfbtc
Jfsfbvcovnkfbtc jg Crjfk
\grgjcxgokfbtf, pcuec sf sghf schrf g Crjfk Nbtfrbg. Eckc
g kgncrng jf sfus rntugns pfrkgbfef jfsecb`fenjg, gomubs
`nstcrngjcrfs gomukgs vfzfs juvnjgk jg bgturfzg jf sug
fstruturg nbnençtneg. Kgs eckc pcjfrng tfr snjc gssnk, qugbjc
ecb`fefkcs gs pfrscbgonjgjfs quf prfsnjnrgk sfu jfspfrtgr3
 Zcjcs ecbecrjgk
ecbecrjgk quf g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz acn
g nbspnrgjcrg sferftg jgs kgns agkcsgs ecrrfbtfs cenjfbtgns f
nbnençtnegs cenjfbtgns kgns ecb`fenjgs.
 G Crjfk kgbnafstcu uk pgrgjcxc quf bcs ecoceg bg kgns
purg trgjníåc fsctîrneg jc Cenjfbtf4 ukg vnsnhnonjgjf euoturgo
f fspnrntugo jg Crjfk f jcs rntcs nbnençtnecs sferftcs.
Acn bfstf fspërntc quf g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz acn
ecbefhnjg f ecbtnbucu g sfr pfrpftugjg fxtfrbgkfbtf f
nbtfrbgkfbtf. Jf uk kcjc ceuotc, sug trgjníåc acn kgbtnjg
pfoc Ecoîmnc Nbvnsëvfo jcs sfns nrkåcs jg Crjfk f c \gtrngreg
onjfrgbjc fstf mrupc.
Jfstf pcbtc jf vnstg jg Crjfk Nbtfrbg, g suefssåc nbnbtfrruptg
sfkprf acn trgbskntnjg ecbacrkf g fxnmäbeng jg Crjfk Xcsg-
Eruz crnmnbgo f bg rfmnåc quf sfkprf acn c egjnb`c jc
fsctfrnskc Xcsg-Eruz4 Uujcfstf jg Argbíg.
 G onb`gmfk nbtfrbg î eogrg f nbfquëvceg. Eckc jnz c jntgjc,
sfkprf sf rfecb`fef g çrvcrf pfocs sfus arutcs.
Xfspfntgbjc c eneoc trgjnencbgo jf rfgtnvgíåc jg Crjfk, acn fk
7>>> quf g Crjfk Nbtfrbg pújf rftckgr sfu trghgo`c ceuotc.

78
 Fk 8<<1, gc anbgo jf uk pfrëcjc jf gtnvgíåc jf = gbcs, g
Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, bcvgkfbtf vnvnanegjg pfog
ecbtrnhuníåc fsctîrneg, `frkftnstg, Xcsg-Eruz f Kgrtnbnstg,
pújf rftckgr sugs gtnvnjgjfs, trgbskntnr bcvgkfbtf nbnengíöfs
f ghrnr sfus egpëtuocs jf gecrjc eck cs prnbeëpncs nbtfrbcs jg
 Gumustg Argtfrbnjgjf.
\rfsfbtf `cdf eckc gbtfs, sfu ofmgjc prfsfrvcu c vnmcr f g
rnqufzg quf sfkprf o`f pfrkntnrgk gjgptgr-sf ì sug îpceg,
nrrgjngbjc g e`gkg jf sug nbnengíåc.

Ercbcocmng jg Xcsg-Eruz

75
Onb`gmfk jcs Mrgbjfs Kfstrfs, M.\.X+E

706< Qnsecbjf Ocuns

E`grofs Fjcugrj jf
Ogpgssf

7018 Anrknb Hcnssnb

700: Dcsfp`nb ft
 Gjrnfb \îogjgb

7000 Kgrquäs jf
Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg
70>= Argbícns
E`grofs Hgroft
(Gohfrt Ague`fux)
70>= Argbícns
E`grofs Hgroft
(Gohfrt Ague`fux)

7><: \gpus

7>71 E`grofs Jftrf

(Zfjfr)

7:
7>70 Dfgb Hrneguj

7>:0 O-K A. Mnrguj

7>6< Dfgb Hrcunooft

7>1< \gtrnei Z.

7>01 Dfgb-Ocuns jf
Hngsn

76
71
CXMGBNTGÍÅC
CXMGBNTGÍÅC jg C.I.X.E.
\gësfs rfprfsfbtgjcs
rfprfsfbtgjcs
 Gbmcog, Grmfbtnbg, Hgrfnb, Hîomneg, Hfbnb, Hrgsno (+ Nbtfrbft
fk \crtumuäs), Egkgröfs, Egbgjç, E`nof, Xfpôhoneg
Jfkcerçtneg jc Ecbmc, Ecbmc-Hrgzzgvnoof, Ecstg jc Kgrank,
Argbíg, Mrîeng, @gntn, Ntçong, Ouxfkhurmc, Ufbfmgo, Uuëíg,
Xfnbc Vbnjc, FVG.
Egpëtuoc Nbtfrbft (Vk Egpëtuoc nbtfrbgencbgo sf rfôbf bg
Nbtfrbft pgrg fstujcs f rntugns fk \crtumuäs).
\crtumu äs).
Fk bfmrntc, cs pgësfs quf pcssufk Egpëtuocs. Cutrcs
Egpëtuocs fståc sfbjc erngjcs.

Fstruturgs ocegns - Egpëtuocs

Cs mrupcs ocegns jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz sf
e`gkgk Egpëtuocs.
Egpëtuocs.
Fofs ecbstntufk g nbargfstruturg ocego bg qugo cs nbnengjcs sf
rfôbfk pgrg rfgonzgr cs trghgo`cs rntugoëstnecs f gs nbnengíöfs.
Vk Egpëtuoc î jnrnmnjc pcr enbec canengns prnbenpgns quf såc
bckfgjcs pcr uk bôkfrc fspfeëanec jf gbcs.

Fstruturgs Nbtfrbgencbgns f Bgencbgns

- G prnbenpgo gutcrnjgjf jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-

Eruz î c Ecbsfo`c Uuprfkc jg Xcsg+Eruz (U.E.X + E). Î
eckpcstc jf jczf pgtrngregs Xcsgeruzfs (sfns jcs qugns
pfrkgbfefk sfkprf fk sfmrfjc). G Crjfk î jnrnmnjg pfoc
noustrëssnkc Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsf+Ercnx (Dfgb-Ocuns jf
Hngsn), gssnstnjc pfoc Noustrëssnkc Mrgbjf E`gbefofr f pfoc
Noustrf Mrgbjf \rncr. C Ecbsfo`c Uuprfkc jg Xcsg+Eruz

7=
mcvfrbg tcjg g Crjfk, bcs sfus gspfetcs nbnençtnec f
ofmnsogtnvc.
- Cs Mrgbjfs Ecbsfo`fnrcs såc rfspcbsçvfns pcr uk pgës,
uk mrupc jf pgësfs cu uk mrupc onbmuëstnec. Fofs gssfmurgk c
hck aubencbgkfbtc jg Crjfk gtrgvîs jg hcg eckubnegíåc
fbtrf cs nbnengjcs, cs Egpëtuocs f c Ecbsfo`c Uuprfkc jg Xcsg
+ Eruz.

- Cs Mrgbjfs Ecbsfo`fnrcs bgencbgns  såc

 såc rfspcbsçvfns pcr uk pgës
eck uk këbnkc jf träs egpëtuocs.

- Gs nrkås f nrkåcs, quf tfbjc snjc Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz,

ecbstntufk uk eëreuoc bgencbgo eck aubíöfs f rntcs prõprncs.

- Vk Egpëtuoc î jnrnmnjc pcr enbec canengns prnbenpgns quf såc

bckfgjcs pcr uk bôkfrc fspfeëanec jf gbcs.
- C Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz î c canengo fbegrrfmgjc jf uk
egpëtuoc. Fof f jcns cutrcs canengns jc Egpëtuoc rfefhfrgk ukg
ecbsgmrgíåc rntugo fspfeëaneg rfogencbgjg ì sug aubíåc.
au bíåc.
Bctg4 Cs nbnengjcs såc kfkhrcs jg Crjfk quf cptgrgk pcr
rfefhfr gs nbnengíöfs fk uk Egpëtuoc.

Fstruturg nbnençtneg

70
\FXEVXUC NBNENÇZNEC
Uchrf c pfreursc nbnençtnec
Fk ukg crmgbnzgíåc gutäbtneg, cs rntcs nbnençtnecs täk uk
oumgr efbtrgo. Uug pctäbeng fspnrntugo f tfôrmneg rfpcusg schrf
 vçrncs agtcrfs fssfbengns. Fofs jfvfk sfr ecb`fenjcs gpfbgs
pfocs nbnengjcs f prgtnegjcs pfocs Canengns quf tfb`gk snjc
trfnbgjcs pgrg trghgo`gr bcs pogbcs vnsëvfns f nbvnsëvfns.
Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf î nkpcrtgbtf, pgrg chtfr uk rfsuotgjc fk
sug fvcouíåc pfsscgo f nbtfrncr, pfjnr sug nbnengíåc fk uk
Egpëtuoc jg Crjfk.
 G nbnengíåc rfefhnjg jnrftgkfbtf pfocs Canengns jg Crjfk
jfvnjgkfbtf acrkgjcs î uk prcefssc tfôrmnec egpgz jf o`f
trgbskntnr ukg gdujg rfgo pgrg g trgbsacrkgíåc jf sfu sfr f jf
sug vnjg! Qceä båc pcjf agzfr tujc scznb`c! G nbnengíåc î uk
prcefssc tfôrmnec pcjfrcsc f rfspfntçvfo, quf vgn o`f pfrkntnr
nr kgns rgpnjgkfbtf, kgns ocbmf.
C prcefssc nbnençtnec î g prnkfnrg ftgpg jg Mrgbjf Chrg jf
sug rfgonzgíåc. Fssf trghgo`c båc î sckfbtf snkhõonec, î
cpfrgtnvc f o`f ghrnrç gs pcrtgs jc prcmrfssc bcs mrgus
nbnençtnecs. Båc î ghscoutgkfbtf pfrnmcsc, bg kfjnjg fk quf
 vceä fstç prctfmnjc pfog pcjfrcsg fmrîmcrg jg Zrgjníåc
Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz. Kfskc sfbjc fvnjfbtf, jfvfkcs
jnzfr quf gs nbnengíöfs båc såc bfb`uk tnpc jf pgetcs eck c
jnghc cu qugoqufr pctäbeng kç, gssnk eckc båc nkponegk
bfb`uk sgernaëenc.
Wugbjc vceä tnvfr rfefhnjc fssg nbnengíåc, pcjfrç pgrtnenpgr
bgs jnafrfbtfs prçtnegs jf mrupc quf fståc gsscengjgs gc mrgu
bc qugo vceä sf fbecbtrg.

7>
Nbnengíöfs trgbskntnjgs bcs Egpëtuocs

 Gprfsfbtgíåc4 Fssf mrgu prfonknbgr ecbstntun c aubjgkfbtc

kcrgo f fspnrntugo jg Crjfk. Î c prî-rfqunsntc.

Bc sîeuoc 7=, uk argbeäs eck c bckf jf Ocuns-Eogujf jf

Ugnbt-Kgrtnb, acn nbnengjc bcs rntcs ceuotcs jc fsctfrnskc
ernståc pcr sfu kfstrf Kgrtnbàs jf \gsqugooy. Gomubs gbcs gpõs
g kcrtf jfssf ôotnkc, gqufof quf acn gpfonjgjc jf « Anoõscac
Jfsecb`fenjc ¹, sf gagstcu jf sfu kfstrf pgrg aubjgr ukg «
pfqufbg fsecog fk \grns ¹. Fssg eckubnjgjf tnb`g pcr chdftnvc
g prçtneg jf ukg fspnrntugonjgjf purg. Fof nbtfmrcu gs jcutrnbgs
ceuotgs jf Kgrtnbàs ìs sugs f nbstntunu eckc ôbnec mrgu c jf
Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc. Ugnbt-Kgrtnb fseco`fu nbstntunr ukg
trgbsknssåc gbtfs jf tujc kcrgo f fspnrntugo. Zrgtgvg-sf jf
rfefhfr g e`gvf quf ghrf g pcrtg nbtfrncr jg gokg pfog qugo sf
eckubneg eck gs fsafrgs jc Fspërntc. Uckfbtf î bfefssçrng
ukg kgbnafstgíåc jc jfsfdc, uk eckprcknssc jg gokg f uk
jfspfrtgr jg vcbtgjf ecrrftg. Nssc î c quf frg c Kgrtnbnskc
jgs crnmfbs.

Jfsjf sug erngíåc, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz

Xcsg-Eru z sfkprf
ecbsnjfrcu fssf mrgu eckc ukg ecbjníåc kcrgo bc pfreursc
nbnençtnec. \crtgbtc, fssf mrgu î fssfbengo f aubjgkfbtgo.
\grgjcxgokfbtf sõ î bfefssçrng ukg acrkgíåc tfõrneg këbnkg.
Î fspnrntugo f ecbstntun uk pgssc nbtfrbc nbfvntçvfo.
Jfsjf c eckfíc jf sug fxnstäbeng, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg
Xcsg-Eruz utnonzg ukg efrnkúbng nbnençtneg jf Uupfrncr
Nbeõmbntc gsscengbjc g jnkfbsåc këstneg g uk rntugo tfôrmnec
kuntc pcjfrcsc quf rfkcbtg ìs crnmfbs gutäbtnegs jc
kgrtnbnskc.
Jurgíåc jc mrgu4
mrgu4 1 kfsfs

8<
\rçtnegs f rntcs jfssf mrgu4 Jceukfbtc prfpgrgtõrnc ì
nbnengíåc9 Xntugo cpfrgtnvc kgrtnbnstg9 Nbstruíöfs kgrtnbnstgs9
Xntcs jf ecbsgmrgíåc jf afrrgkfbtgs f vfstnkfbtgs rntugns9
\rçtnegs kgrtnbnstgs jc UN.

 Gprfsfbtgíåc4 
 Gprfsfbtgíåc4  G nbnengíåc jc prnkfnrc mrgu sf fbrgëzg bg
ighhgog `fhrgneg f kçmneg (prçtneg). Fssg î g hgsf jg trgjníåc
fsctîrneg dujgnec-ernstå quf sf fbecbtrg pgrengokfbtf bgs
fsecogs ceuotnstgs jc sîeuoc 7>. Jurgbtf c eursc jg `nstõrng,
pcuecs rntcs acrgk trgbskntnjcs acrg jcs eëreuocs ighhgonstgs
dujfus quf prgtnegvgk fssf tnpc jf ighhgog kçmneg. Fbtrf cs
tfxtcs aubjgkfbtgns jfssg trgjníåc, träs täk uk oumgr
pgrtneuogr. Zrgtg-sf jc Tc`gr, jc Ufp`fr ^ftznrg` f jc Ufp`fr
@g-hg`nr. G Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz båc sf onkntg
gc fbsnbgkfbtc tfõrnec jfssgs chrgs. \grg gtrgvfssgr cs vîus
jcs Knstîrncs sgmrgjcs f chtfr ukg vfrjgjfnrg trgbsacrkgíåc
jc nbnengjc, î chrnmgtõrnc vnvfr cs rntcs nbnençtnecs jcs qugns
fssfs onvrcs såc g fxprfssåc tfõrneg f pôhoneg. Î nssc quf
pfrkntf fssf rntugo nbnençtnec jc 7´ mrgu. Ofkhrgkcs quf gs
nbnengíöfs jf bcssg Crjfk bubeg acrgk puhonegjgs, gssnk
ecbsfrvgrgk sug gutfbtnenjgjf f pctäbeng. Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf
sckfbtf fssf tnpc jf nbnengíåc î egpgz jf geckpgb`gr c
nbnengjc gc ecrgíåc jcs Knstîrncs.
Xfefpíåc jc mrgu4 C egbjnjgtc jfvf tfr eckpoftgjc sfus 1
kfsfs jf acrkgíåc bc mrgu gbtfrncr, kfkcrnzgjc sugs
nbstruíöfs f prgtnegjc sfus rntcs nbjnvnjugns.
Jurgíåc jc mrgu4 Ecbdubtc jf 88 rfubnöfs prçtnegs fk
Egpëtuoc.
\rçtnegs gsscengjgs g fssf mrgu4 
mrgu4  Eckc fk tcjc mrgu jg
Crjfk, fxnstf uk ecbdubtc jf prçtnegs fspnrntugns f psëqunegs
fbsnbgjgs crgokfbtf bc Egpëtuoc. \frkntfk, gbtfs jf tujc, c
gprcaubjgkfbtc f g gprcprngíåc jf efrtgs pgrtfs jc rntugo jf
nbnengíåc. Zgkhîk ecbstntufk uk gprfbjnzgjc crgo jcs

87
sfmrfjcs jg trgjníåc gsscengjg gc mrgu. Bfssf prnkfnrc mrgu, gs
prçtnegs såc fvnjfbtfkfbtf efbtrgjgs bg Ighhgog Dujgnec-
ernstå kçmneg f prçtneg.

 Gprfsfbtgíåc4 G
 Gprfsfbtgíåc4 G nbnengíåc
nbnengíåc jc sfmubjc mrgu jfsvfog c ecrgíåc
jg trgjníåc fsctîrneg ernstå gssnk eckc acn ecbstntuëjg bg Njgjf
Kîjng, bg Argbíg f Ntçong. Gomubs ecb`fenkfbtcs jfrnvgjcs jc
`frkftnskc acrgk gsscengjcs gc Xfbgsenkfbtc. Fk sugs
chrgs, Jgbtf Gonm`nfrn, gutcr jc sîeuoc 75, arfqufbtfkfbtf
gprfsfbtg jf kgbfnrg pcîtneg g trgjníåc ceuotg cenjfbtgo. Kgns
fspfenanegkfbtf, sfu onvrc e`gkgjc « G Jnvnbg Eckîjng ¹
jfsvfog g fstruturg jcs kubjcs fspnrntugns f jgs `nfrgrqungs
gbmîonegs trgbskntnjgs jfsjf g gbtnmunjgjf.
Bõs tgkhîk sghfkcs quf cs trcvgjcrfs jg Njgjf Kîjng gssnk
eckc efrtcs « Egvgofnrcs jc Zfkpoc ¹, ecbsfrvgrgk uk
ecb`fenkfbtc jcs Knstîrncs gbtnmcs gsscengjcs gc fsctfrnskc
ernståc kgns crnmnbgo.
Ufmubjc c prcefssc jfserntc pgrg c prnkfnrc mrgu, g sfmubjg
nbnengíåc sf hgsfng bfssg `frgbíg kfjnfvgo pgrg geckpgb`gr c
egbjnjgtc bc egknb`c nbnençtnec jfserntc pcr Jgbtf. Nssc î c
quf Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg f Dcsîp`nb \îogjgb fbtfbjfrgk.
Xfefpíåc jc mrgu4 C
mrgu4 C egbjnjgtc jfvf tfr eckpoftgjc gs 88
rfubnöfs prçtnegs jc mrgu gbtfrncr, kfkcrnzgjc sugs nbstruíöfs
f tfr tfrknbgjc g sfmubjg ftgpg jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf
Nfse`cug`.
Jurgíåc jc mrgu4 Ecbdubtc jf 58 rfubnöfs prçtnegs fk
Egpëtuoc.
\rçtnegs gsscengjgs g fssf mrgu4 Bfssf sfmubjc mrgu, gs
prçtnegs sf rfogencbgk eck g trgjníåc fsctîrneg ernstå, cs
knstîrncs jg fbegrbgíåc f jg gsefbsåc efofstf, cs knstîrncs
gbmîonecs, g gutäbtneg Xcsg-Eruz, gssnk eckc g egvgogrng jc
tfkpoc.

88
 Gprfsfbtgíåc4 G
 Gprfsfbtgíåc4 G nbnengíåc jc tfrefnrc mrgu jfsvfog uk
gspfetc hfk pcuec ecb`fenjc jg trgjníåc fsctîrneg ernstå.
Ecbstntun g crnmfk jc quf acn jfsvfogjc bg Njgjf Kîjng,
gsscengjc ì Ighhgog gc Xfbgsenkfbtc f quf jfu bgsenkfbtc
gc ceuotnskc bg Argbíg jc sîeuoc 7>. Fbtrf cs sîeuocs 7 f 6,
 vçrngs ecrrfbtfs mbõstnegs ernstås sf jfsfbvcovfrgk bc Fmntc f
fk kuntcs pgësfs jc Crnfbtf Kîjnc. Båc agogkcs gqun jgs
rferngíöfs mbõstnegs jc sîeuoc 7>, snkpofs eõpngs jg Nmrfdg
egtõoneg rckgbg, kgs jgs fsecogs mbõstnegs crnmnbgns. Kuntgs
jfogs nbecrpcrgrgk ecb`fenkfbtcs kçmnecs f rfonmncscs jgs
trgjníöfs prî-ernstås. Ufus rntcs f sfmrfjcs acrgk kuntc
nbtfrfssgbtfs f pcjfrcscs. Î sfk jôvnjg pcr fssg rgzåc quf g
kgncrng jfssfs mrupcs acrgk fonknbgjcs pfog nmrfdg ernstå
fxctîrneg quf ecb`fefkcs `cdf. Fkhcrg efrtc bôkfrc jf
tfxtcs acn rfefbtfkfbtf jfsechfrtc, î fxtrfkgkfbtf jnaëeno
fstujç-ocs f fbtfbjfr sfu aubencbgkfbtc rntugo. Fbtrftgbtc,
fssg tfrefnrg nbnengíåc jç g pcssnhnonjgjf jf rfefhfr fssf
ecb`fenkfbtc crnmnbgo bgqunoc quf tfk jf kgns gutäbtnec. G
acbtf crnmnbgo jg mbcsf sf tcrbg fbtåc gefssëvfo, jfsvfogbjc g
 vfrjgjfnrg bgturfzg jg trgjníåc quf jfu bgsenkfbtc ì Xcsg-
Eruz.
Xfefpíåc jc mrgu4 C
mrgu4 C egbjnjgtc jfvf tfr eckpoftgjc gs 58
rfubnöfs prçtnegs jc mrgu gbtfrncr, kfkcrnzgjc sugs nbstruíöfs
f tfr tfrknbgjc g qunbtg ftgpg jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug`.
Jurgíåc jc mrgu4 Ecbdubtc jf :< rfubnöfs prçtnegs fk
Egpëtuoc.
\rçtnegs gsscengjgs g fssf mrgu4 mrgu4  Bfssf tfrefnrc mrgu, gs
prçtnegs jnzfk rfspfntc g efrtgs trgjníöfs mbõstnegs crnmnbgns, c
ernstngbnskc crnmnbgo, gs trgjníöfs mbõstnegs kfjnfvgns eckc c
egtgrnskc. Jnafrfbtfs e`gvfs ceuotgs vnbjgs jf trgjníöfs prî-
ernstås såc tgkhîk fbsnbgjgs.

85
 Gprfsfbtgíåc4 Cs \gtrngregs X+E såc nrkåcs f nrkås quf
sfmunrgk c pfreursc jcs qugtrc mrgus jg Crjfk, rfefhfrgk g
nbnengíåc jf Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz (rfspcbsçvfo jf Egpëtuoc)
quf gtnbmnrgk c tfrefnrc sgefrjõenc jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf
Nfse`cug`.
Fssg ecbsgmrgíåc trgbskntf g gutcrnjgjf sgefrjctgo gssnk
eckc acn nbstntuëjg bg trgjníåc fsctîrneg ernstå crnmnbgo.
Xfefpíåc jc mrgu4
mrgu4 C egbjnjgtc jfvf tfr eckpoftgjc gs :<
rfubnöfs prçtnegs jc mrgu gbtfrncr, kfkcrnzgjc sugs nbstruíöfs
f tfr tfrknbgjc c sfmubjc sgefrjõenc jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf
Nfse`cug`.
\rçtnegs4 Cs fstujcs f prçtnegs gecbtfefk fk träs bëvfns. C
\gtrngreg trghgo`g prnkfnrc bc eëreuoc ceuotc jcs \gtrngregs
Xcsg-Eruz. Fof tgkhîk rfgonzg uk trghgo`c nbjnvnjugo rfmuogr
rfsuotgbtf jgs ecbsgmrgíöfs sgefrjctgns rfefhnjgs. Fof tgkhîk
fstç fk rfogíåc fstrfntg f rfmuogr eck uk nbnengjc kgns
fxpfrnfbtf quf c geckpgb`g bcs fxfreëencs fspnrntugns
aubjgkfbtgns.
\grgofogkfbtf ì prçtneg jnçrng jf sfus jfvfrfs fspnrntugns, fof î
prfpgrgjc ì rfgonzgíåc jgs mrgbjfs cpfrgíöfs tfôrmnegs jf
nbvcegíåc jcs sfrfs jf ouz.

8:
 G CHXG JC EG\ËZVOC
EG\ËZVOC
 Gprfsfbtgíåc jf uk Egpëtuoc
Vk egpëtuoc î uk gmrupgkfbtc ocego jf kfkhrcs nbnengjcs jg
Crjfk. Fofs sf rfôbfk fk uk ocego fspfengokfbtf prfpgrgjc
pgrg g prçtneg jcs rntcs prnvgjcs.
Vk Egpëtuoc î jnrnmnjc pfocs nbnengjcs quf täk c bckf jf
Canengns. Uåc bfefssçrncs enbec pgrg ecbstntunr uk Egpëtuoc.
Fssf î jnrnmnjc pcr uk Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz, bckfgjc pgrg
ukg jurgíåc fspfeëaneg.
Cs träs Canengns prnbenpgns rfefhfk ukg ecbsgmrgíåc f ukg
nbnengíåc prõprngs g sfu pgpfo nbnençtnec. Î aubjgkfbtgo quf cs
quf trgbskntfk ukg nbnengíåc f gs prçtnegs tfb`gk rfefhnjc
ukg gutcrnjgjf fspnrntugo vfrjgjfnrg. Fssg ôotnkg jfrnvg
jnrftgkfbtf jf ukg egjfng jf trgbsknssåc ceuotg, eckc î c
egsc trgjnencbgokfbtf. Fssfs Canengns tgkhîk såc nbnengjcs
quf täk ukg fxpfrnäbeng rfecb`fenjg pfog `nfrgrqung jg
Crjfk. Fog cs trfnbg pgrg sug tgrfag f mgrgbtf rfmuogrkfbtf g
hcg prçtneg jcs rntugns.

 G chrg jc Egpëtuoc
C pgpfo jf uk Egpëtuoc î trgbskntnr gs nbnengíöfs rntugns, cs
fbsnbgkfbtcs crgns f gs prçtnegs psëqunegs.
Bõs jfserfvfkcs cs jnafrfbtfs mrgus jc pfreursc nbnençtnec fk
cutrg pçmnbg. Fssgs nbnengíöfs såc trgbskntnjgs jurgbtf
efrnkúbngs prnvgjgs, quf cecrrfk bc tfkpoc jc Egpëtuoc.
 Gs rfubnöfs rntugns såc crmgbnzgjgs
crm gbnzgjgs rfmuogrkfbtf fk tcjcs cs
mrgus. Fogs rfôbfk gs nrkås f nrkåcs quf rfefhfrgk g nbnengíåc
jfssf mrgu.
Mfrgokfbtf, ukg rfubnåc kfbsgo ghrf bc prnkfnrc mrgu,
fbqugbtc quf ukg sfmubjg rfubnåc î crmgbnzgjg
gotfrbgjgkfbtf bc sfmubjc f tfrefnrc mrgus.
Ecbsfqufbtfkfbtf cs nbnengjcs jc prnkfnrc mrgu sf rfôbfk

86
ukg vfz pcr käs, fbqugbtc cs nbnengjcs jc sfmubjc f tfrefnrc
mrgus sf rfôbfk jugs vfzfs pcr käs.
Vkg rfubnåc jf mrgu nbeoun uk rntugo jf ghfrturg f jf
afe`gkfbtc fk rfogíåc jnrftg eck g nbnengíåc ecrrfspcbjfbtf.
Bfb`ukg jnseussåc gjknbnstrgtnvg î gutcrnzgjg bc fspgíc
sgmrgjc jc tfkpoc.
Fbtrf fssgs jugs sfquäbengs rntugns, fstujcs snkhõonecs f
fspnrntugns såc prcpcstcs gcs nbnengjcs. Gs prçtnegs såc
trgbskntnjgs crgokfbtf pfoc Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz f prgtnegjgs
nkfjngtgkfbtf fk mrupc bc tfkpoc. Fssf î uk fofkfbtc
fssfbengo f aubjgkfbtgo. Fssgs prçtnegs fståc fk rfogíåc jnrftg
eck g nbnengíåc jc mrgu f fk sfmunjg såc utnonzçvfns
nbjnvnjugokfbtf.
Fssgs egrgetfrëstnegs agzfk jc trghgo`c bc Egpëtuoc uk kfnc
jf gprcaubjgkfbtc jg nbnengíåc rfefhnjg. Fssf prcefjnkfbtc
pfrkntf quf egjg nbnengjc ecbtnbuf sug chrg pfsscgo jf
gpfrafnícgkfbtc f tcrbf egpgz jf trgbsacrkgr sug vnjg pfog
utnonzgíåc jgs e`gvfs prçtnegs rfefhnjgs. Fkhcrg c
gprfbjnzgjc nbtfofetugo sfdg ôtno, gpfbgs uk trghgo`c nbtfrbc î
egpgz jf ecbjuznr rgpnjgkfbtf g ukg vfrjgjfnrg fvcouíåc
nbjnvnjugo.

Erngíåc jf uk Egpëtuoc
Cs Egpëtuocs såc rfmuogrkfbtf erngjcs pgrg jgr g cpcrtubnjgjf
gcs kfkhrcs jf rfefhfr gs nbnengíöfs, gs prçtnegs psëqunegs f
cs fbsnbgkfbtcs crgns. \grg pcjfr erngr uk
u k Egpëtuoc, hgstg sfr
kfkhrc jg Crjfk f rfefhfr g nbnengíåc fk uk Egpëtuoc
fxnstfbtf.
Fssg erngíåc sfmuf uk prcefjnkfbtc snkpofs f trgjnencbgo, jf
gecrjc eck gs nbjnegíöfs trgbskntnjgs pfog `nfrgrqung jg
Crjfk.

81
 GXE@NECBAXÎXNF
 GXE@NECBAXÎXNF
JF NFUE@CVG@
Nbtrcjuíåc
Î nkpcrtgbtf ofkhrgr jf träs ecnsgs
fssfbengns4
7- C ecrgíåc jg Ighhgog ernstå î g
rfvfogíåc jg bgturfzg f pgpfo jf
Nfse`cug`.
8- G Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz acn g prnkfnrg Crjfk
Xcsg-Eruz kcjfrbg g fxnstnr.
- G fssäbeng jc kcvnkfbtc Xcsg-Eruz î rfonmncsg, tgbtc pfog
trgbsknssåc gutäbtneg jf pcjfr jfbtrc jf sug onb`gmfk, eckc
pfocs rntcs quf pcssun.
 G Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug` î uk mrupc jf `ckfbs f jf
kuo`frfs quf rfefhfrgk fssg trgbsknssåc ceuotg jcs këstnecs
ernståcs, cs sgergkfbtcs nbtfrbcs jg onb`gmfk rfonmncsg jg
ighhgog ernstå f quf sf ecocegrgk sch g gotg prctfíåc jf
Nfse`cug`. Båc î bfefssçrnc dç sfr kfkhrc jg Crjfk
Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz pgrg nbtfmrgr g Gre`necbarîrnf jf
Nfse`cug`.
 Zcjgvng, c pfreursc nbnençtnec jg C.I.X.E. fstç onmgjc ì
prcmrfssåc jc nbnengjc bg Gre`necbarîrnf.

Crnmfk jg Gre`necbarîrnf
Gre`necbarîrnf
 Zcjcs sghfk quf g onb`gmfk ceuotg jcs Noustrfs Mrgbjf
\gtrngregs jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz î ecbstntuëjg
jf këstnecs f rfonmncscs quf acrgk rfspcbsçvfns pcr vçrngs
nmrfdgs ecb`fenjgs.
ecb`fenjgs. Fssg suefssåc mgrgbtnu ukg trgbsknssåc
ecbtëbug jg gutcrnjgjf f jcs pcjfrfs sgefrjctgns f ceuotcs
onmgjcs g Nfse`cug`. F fog quf fstç prfsfbtf bg Gre`necbarîrnf
jf Nfse`cug`. Î bfefssçrnc båc g eckpgrgr ìs erngíöfs

8=
kgrtnbnstgs kgns rfefbtfs fk quf gs fspnrntugonjgjfs ernstås båc
ecb`fefk gs e`gvfs ceuotgs jg ighhgog ernstå.

Fstruturg
 G Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug` fstç fstruturgjg sfmubjc 6
pctäbengs ceuotgs e`gkgjgs « ftgpgs ¹, 5 mrgus jf gutcrnjgjf
e`gkgjcs « sgefrjõencs ¹ f 7 eëreuoc ceuotc eudc bckf båc î
gqun rfvfogjc.
C No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg
Xcsg-Eruz î fbegrrfmgjc jnrftc jfssg onb`gmfk. Î fof quf
prfpgrg cs fofkfbtcs bfefssçrncs ì trgbsknssåc quf î jnrnmnjg
gcs suponegbtfs.

Ecbvntf
Bõs fstgkcs pfrsugjnjcs quf sf vceä oä fssgs pgogvrgs, î
pcrquf ukg vcz nbtfrncr c muncu pgrg g gutäbtneg Ighhgog
ernstå, quf î rfonmncsg f ceuotg!
Fssg fstç sfkprf prfsfbtf f vceä pcjf rfefhfr g gutcrnjgjf f
cs pcjfrfs. Fssfs kujgråc sug fxnstäbeng fk tcjcs cs pogbcs
pgrg goegbígr uk fstgjc jf jfspfrtgr gvgbígjc.
\grg rfspfntgr gs rfmrgs ceuotgs jf bcssg trgjníåc, c bôkfrc jf
suponegbtfs fxtfrncrfs gjkntnjcs ì Crjfk î onkntgjc g uk
bôkfrc prfensc pcr gbc jf Nfse`cug`. Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf î
fssfbengo båc fspfrgr sf vceä fstnvfr nbtfrfssgjc.
Uf vceä qunsfr sghfr kgns, fserfvg-bcs bc fbjfrfíc jg Crjfk.
Bõs fbtåc c fbvngrfkcs g gprfsfbtgíåc eckpoftg jg
 Gre`necbarîrnf, c acrkuoçrnc ecbanjfbengo jf sôponeg, gssnk
eckc gs ecbjníöfs bfefssçrngs.

80
AXGZFXBNJGJF JCU
HCBU @CKFBU

Bcssg argtfrbnjgjf fstç fbrgnzgjg bc Uuo

jg Argbíg, rfmnåc jf bgsenkfbtc jf bcssg
Crjfk.
 Gomukgs onb`gmfbs mbõstnegs trgjnencbgns, fspfengokfbtf c
egtgrnskc, sf jfsfbvcovfrgk jurgbtf g îpceg kfjnfvgo. Fssg
rfonmnåc aocrfsefu bfssg rfmnåc arfqufbtfkfbtf e`gkgjg jf
Ogbmufjce, fk mrgbjf pgrtf onkntgjg pfoc kgr Kfjntfrrèbfc,
cs \nrnbfus f cs rncs Mgrcbbf, Zgrb f X`úbf. Fssg î g gtugo
rfmnåc argbefsg jg Ceentgbg (cu gnbjg gs gbtnmgs rfmnöfs
argbefsgs jc Ogbmufjce-Xcussnoocb f \nrfbfus).
C egtgrnskc jfsgpgrfefu jc kubjc vnsëvfo, fxtfrknbgjc pfogs
eruzgjgs onjfrgjgs pfoc pcjfr rfgo f nbentgjgs pfog nmrfdg jf
Xckg.
Î nbfmçvfo quf g kfkõrng jc egtgrnskc pfrkgbfef vnvg bc
fspërntc jcs `ghntgbtfs jfssg rfmnåc. \grg cs nbnengjcs jg Xcsg-
Eruz, fssg trgjníåc mbõstneg schrfvnvfu sch vçrngs acrkgs f
gnbjg fstç prfsfbtf fk vçrngs sfquäbengs rntugns jf bcssg
Crjfk. Î c kfskc pgrg vçrngs ecbefpíöfs tfcoõmnegs vnbjgs
jfssg rfonmnåc eçtgrg.

Eçtgrcs4 cs purcs
 G pgogvrg "eçtgrc" vfk jg pgogvrg mrfmg igt`grcs  quf
 quf snmbnaneg
"cs purcs".
Uugs crnmfbs såc uk tgbtc knstfrncsgs, fkhcrg `gdg rgzöfs pgrg
gerfjntgr quf sugs njfngs vnfrgk jg \îrsng cu jc Nkpîrnc
Hnzgbtnbc, pgssgbjc pfocs Hgoeås f bcrtf jg Ntçong. Cs
jceukfbtcs jg Nmrfdg egtõoneg rckgbg cs kfbencbgk sch
bckfs jnafrfbtfs f fk jnvfrscs ocegns.

8>
 Eckc Jugonstgs, cs Eçtgrcs gerfjntgvgk fk jcns prnbeëpncs,
uk jfus hck f sfu gjvfrsçrnc jnghõonec (quf pcjfrng sf
gprcxnkgr jc Ugtå jc Ernstngbnskc jcknbgbtf). C prnbeëpnc
hck tnb`g erngjc c kubjc fspnrntugo nkgtfrngo, quf frg
fssfbengokfbtf pfrkgbfbtf f nkutçvfo. C prnbeëpnc kgu,
tfkpcrçrnc f pfrfeëvfo. Cs eçtgrcs sf e`gkgvgk snkpofskfbtf
ernståcs. Ufus vnznb`cs cs jnstnbmungk eckc « hcbs ernståcs ¹.
 G nmrfdg egtõoneg cs jfsnmbgvg Gohnmfbsfs  cu
 cu Eçtgrcs .
Cs eçtgrcs kgbtnb`gk ukg `nfrgrqung jg nmrfdg f prgtnegrgk
uk ecbdubtc jf efrnkúbngs rfonmncsgs. Fofs sf jnvnjngk fk
erfbtfs eckubs f fk fseco`njcs pcrtgbjc c bckf jf \frafntcs
(`ckfbs) f \frafntgs (kuo`frfs) ofvgbjc vnjgs fxtrfkgkfbtf
gseîtnegs. Cs eçtgrcs gerfjntgvgk bg rffbegrbgíåc f cs
pfrafntcs frgk gpgrfbtfkfbtf vfmftgrngbcs. Zgkhîk frgk
e`gkgjcs « hcbs `ckfbs ¹, nssc sf gponegbjc tgbtc gcs
`ckfbs eckc ìs kuo`frfs. Uug jcutrnbg frg pcr vfzfs
surprffbjfbtf pgrg g îpceg, fofs ecbsnjfrgvgk, pcr fxfkpoc,
quf cs `ckfbs f kuo`frfs såc nmugns.

Bcssg argtfrbnjgjf
Fssf mrupc rfôbf `ckfbs cu kuo`frfs quf båc såc
bfefssgrngkfbtf kfkhrcs jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-
Eruz.
Fssf mrupc fstç sch c pgtrceëbnc jg C.I.X.E. f î
supfrvnsncbgjc pfoc No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz.
Cs chdftnvcs jg argtfrbnjgjf såc cs sfmunbtfs4
- Vtnonzgr g crgíåc pgrg gdujgr fspnrntugokfbtf cs quf fståc
prfensgbjc, eckfígbjc pfocs kfkhrcs jg argtfrbnjgjf f
sug agkëong.
- Jfsfbvcovfr sfu ecb`fenkfbtc jc mbcstnenskc fk mfrgo f
jc egtgrnskc fk pgrtneuogr. \grg nssc, ukg hnhonctfeg jf
onvrcs f grtnmcs fstç gefssëvfo gcs kfkhrcs bc sntf nbtfrbft
prnvgjc.

5<
- Uf eckprckftfr g rfspfntgr gs rfmrgs kcrgns aubjgkfbtgns
jc egtgrnskc. Fbtrf cs pcbtcs fssfbengns rfecrjgkcs4 vnvfr
`cbfstgkfbtf sfk jnzfr kfbtnrgs, båc eckftfr
gssgssnbgtc, båc agzfr kgo, jfsfbvcovfr g vfrjgjfnrg
`uknojgjf f c rfspfntc pfocs cutrcs. Ufus pcbtcs
aubjgkfbtgns såc chvngkfbtf jnseutnjcs bc èkhntc jg
argtfrbnjgjf.
- Kfjntgr cs onvrcs jf rfafräbeng quf g trgjníåc bcs ofmcu.

\grg ecbsfmunr nssc, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz o`f

prcpöf quf sf dubtf ì « argtfrbnjgjf jcs hcbs `ckfbs ¹.
Fbtåc vceä pcjfrç4
∘ \uhonegr pfjnjcs jf gssnstäbeng fspnrntugo pgrg cs qugns g
argtfrbnjgjf crg ubnjg qugtrc vfzfs pcr käs sfbjc ukg
 vfz jnrftgkfbtf pfog Nbtfrbft. Vk snstfkg jf
 vnjfcecbafräbeng î utnonzgjc pgrg nssc. Qceä pcjfrç fbtåc
puhonegr pfjnjcs pgrg sn f sug agkëong
a gkëong prõxnkg.
∘  Gefssgr g hnhonctfeg jg Crjfk bc sntf nbtfrbft prnvgjc
gssnk eckc rntugns eçtgrcs.
∘ Xfefhfr fk sug rfsnjäbeng g eruz jg argtfrbnjgjf
ghfbícgjg pfocs Mrgbjf Canengns jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg
jg Xcsg-Eruz, geckpgb`gjg pcr sfu egrtåc jf kfkhrc f
ukg eõpng jc durgkfbtc g prcbubengr.
∘ \grg cs nrkåcs cu nrkås quf jfsfdgrfk, pcjfråc nr gc mrgu
jf « \frafntc ¹ cu « \frafntg ¹, gpõs tfr sfmunjc uk
gseftnskc fspfeëanec f tfr gjqunrnjc cs ecb`fenkfbtcs
bfefssçrncs.
\grg sf dubtgr ì argtfrbnjgjf, hgstg fbvngr sug pgrtnenpgíåc pgrg
c fbvnc pcstgo jg kfjgo`g f jceukfbtcs nkprfsscs. Jfpcns
jnssc, ukg jcgíåc gbugo onvrf î bfefssçrng pgrg sf kgbtfr
kfkhrc jg argtfrbnjgjf f jgr supcrtf ì sug chrg.

57
 Cs pfrafntcs jgbjc sug häbíåc

 Kcbsîmur, gotc ocego

ocego Eçtgrc bc suo jg Argbíg

58
@FXGBÍG jg C.I.X.E.
Jurgbtf sug `nstõrng, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz
nbtfmrcu gs kgns nkpcrtgbtfs anongíöfs onmgjgs ì trgjníåc
fsctîrneg mbõstneg f ernstå. Fssg `frgbíg pcjfrng tfr
pfrkgbfenjc uk snkpofs ecbsfrvgtõrnc nkõvfo.
Uch c nkpuosc jf sfu gtugo Mrgbjf \gtrngreg X+E, bcssg
trgjníåc rfvntgonzcu cs jnafrfbtfs eckpcbfbtfs quf agz uk
fxfkpoc ôbnec bc Cenjfbtf.
Wufr sf trgtf jc mbcstnenskc crnmnbgo, jg Egvgogrng, jg Xcsg-
Eruz, jg ighhgog, cu jc kgrtnbnskc, gs anongíöfs kgns
rfspfntçvfns f gutäbtnegs acrgk rfubnjgs fk bcssg Crjfk.
\crtgbtc, fogs såc prgtnegjgs f ecbafrnjgs gc nbnengjc jurgbtf
sfu pfreursc nbnençtnec.

55
 G MBCUF CXNMNBGO
C Mbcstnenskc î uk kcvnkfbtc `frîtnec nkpcrtgbtf jg Nmrfdg
ernstå jc sîeuoc 8, pgrengokfbtf jf crnmfk prî-ernstå. Qçrngs
fsecogs mbõstnegs fbsnbgrgk quf c kubjc kgtfrngo acn erngjc f
jnrnmnjc pcr ukg fkgbgíåc jnvnbg kfbcr jc Jfus kgns
fofvgjc, c jfknurmc, fbefrrgbjc g efbtfo`g jnvnbg bc ecrpc
`ukgbc. Fssg efbtfo`g jnvnbg pcjf sfr onhfrgjg pfog Mbcsf f
g gssnstäbeng jc Ernstc.
C Mbcstnenskc î uk bckf kcjfrbc quf snmbnaneg
ftnkcocmnegkfbtf "pcssunr c ecb`fenkfbtc."

 Gs njfngs f cs snstfkgs mbõstnecs sf jfsfbvcovfrgk bc kubjc

kfjntfrrèbfc jurgbtf c sfmubjc sîeuoc jf bcssg frg, fk
ecbdubíåc f sch g nbaouäbeng jcs prnkfnrcs kcvnkfbtcs
Ernståcs. Qçrncs gspfetcs jg trgjníåc pogtúbneg jfssg kfskg
îpceg såc fbecbtrgjcs knsturgjcs. Jfpcns jc sîeuoc 8,
eckfícu uk jfeoëbnc, kgs c Mbcstnenskc schrfvnvfu pfocs
sîeuocs jfbtrc jg trgjníåc cenjfbtgo. Fbtåc fof rfssurmnu
jurgbtf g Njgjf Kîjng, bc Uujcfstf jg Argbíg f Bcrtf jg
Ntçong.
Î nbfmçvfo quf vçrngs fsecogs mbõstnegs bg gbtnmunjgjf frgk
ecbsnjfrgjgs eckc `frîtnegs pfoc pcjfr rfonmncsc quf sf
tcrbcu g nmrfdg egtõoneg f g nmrfdg crtcjcxg. Fssgs fsecogs acrgk
gtgegjgs f anbgokfbtf fonknbgjgs. Acn c kfskc jurgbtf g Njgjf
Kîjng pgrg cs Eçtgrcs, quf tgkhîk acrgk fxtfrknbgjcs sch
g crjfk jc pgpgjc.

Cs Xcsg-Eruz jc sîeuoc 7> g nbtfmrgrgk g cutrgs bcíöfs

mbõstnegs jfecrrfbtfs jgs jfsechfrtgs grqufcoõmnegs f
rfvfogíöfs fspnrntugns. @cdf, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-
Eruz ecbtnbucu fssg chrg hgsfgbjc-sf bcs fvgbmfo`cs,
trgtgjcs f rntcs mbõstnecs pfrtfbefbtfs g fssg kfskg trgjníåc.

5:
Î açeno fbtfbjfr quf c fsctfrnskc ernståc sf hgsfng bfssg acbtf
crnmnbgo jfsfbvcovnjg bc Fmntc fbtrf cs sîeuocs 7 f 6. Uåc
kuntc rgrgs gs Crjfbs nbnençtnegs quf trgbskntfk fssf
ecb`fenkfbtc sch g acrkg jf rntcs nbnençtnecs.
Bc fbtgbtc, ocbmf jf sf onkntgr g fssg fxpfrnäbeng nbtfrncr
fssfbengo, bcssg Crjfk fbsnbg gc kfskc tfkpc gs prçtnegs
sferftgs f g jcutrnbg mbõstneg. Fogs ecbstntufk ukg pgrtf
aubjgkfbtgo jg Zrgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz f ghrfk gc rffbecbtrc
këstnec eck Nfse`cug`, c Ernstc.

 G IGHHGOG EXNUZÅ
Ftnkcocmnegkfbtf g pgogvrg Ighhgog snmbnaneg snkpofskfbtf
"trgjníåc" f sug rgnz `fhrgneg "rfefhfr". Nssc nbjneg quf
jnvfrsgs trgjníöfs rfefhfrgk c quf pcjfrng sf qugonanegr jf
rfvfogíåc crgo f fserntg. Fssf acn c egsc pgrg c pcvc `fhrfu.

Bgsenkfbtc jg Ighhgog
Fssg trgjníåc rfonmncsg acn trgbskntnjg g pgrtnr jf Kcnsîs g
 Dcs`ug, sfmunjc pfocs Duëzfs f jfpcns cs Xfns. (Bõs pcjfkcs
sfmunr fssg trgjníåc bg prõprng Hëhong). C Ugefrjctf jc Zfkpoc
tnb`g fssg trgjníåc rfonmncsg fk jfpõsntc, kgs ìs vfzfs
prfensgvg jg gdujg jcs Duëzfs f \rcaftgs pgrg supfrgr gs
jnaneuojgjfs jf trgbsknssåc. Fvnjfbtfkfbtf c tfxtc acn pfrafntg
f anfokfbtf trgbskntnjc, gnbjg quf arfqufbtfkfbtf jf acrkg
ontfrgo.
C scprc jc fspërntc frg, pcrtgbtc, bfefssçrnc pgrg kgbtfr g
`frgbíg jfssg rfvfogíåc gtrgvîs jf uk tnpc jf ecbtnbunjgjf jc
ecbtgtc eck Jfus. Cs \rcaftgs mgrgbtnrgk fssg aubíåc jg
kfskg acrkg quf cs crçeuocs jg gbtnmunjgjf rfefhngk g
kfbsgmfk jnvnbg quf tfstfkub`gvg fssg rfgonjgjf
trgbsefbjfbtf. Kgs kfskc bfssf egsc, cs eckfbtçrncs cu
gutcrnjgjfs tnb`gk jnaneuojgjf fk jfnxgr c tfxtc ontfrgo pgrg sf
fofvgr gc eckfbtçrnc këstnec cu fspnrntugo jc tfxtc crnmnbgo. C
knstnenskc sfkprf acn ukg pgrtf fssfbengo jg vnjg fspnrntugo

56
 dujgneg. G trgjníåc sumfrf acrtfkfbtf quf g acbtf acn c prõprnc
 Ghrgåc.
@cdf fk jng î eckuk ganrkgr quf g Ighhgog sf gponeg
fxeousnvgkfbtf g uk ecbdubtc jf ontfrgturg fsctîrneg quf
fkfrmnu bg Fspgb`g kfjnfvgo f bc Uujfstf jg Argbíg, fk
\rcvfbíg. G pgrtnr jgë ecbtnbug g sf fxpgbjnr.
Î efrtc quf `ç jcns kno gbcs cs rghnbcs jc Zgokuj båc usgrgk
u sgrgk
fssg pgogvrg, kgs agogvgk jf "bnstgr", quf ecrrfspcbjf gc
kubjc sferftc jg Zcrç, quf fstgbjc fk pgrgofoc eck c
"bnmog`", nstc î, c quf î rfvfogjc. Bc fbtgbtc, gs rgëzfs jfssg
trgjníåc vcotgk nbfqunvcegkfbtf hfk kgns ocbmf f gtî kgns
efrtgkfbtf bgs rfonmnöfs pgmås jg Hghnoúbng. G trgjníåc dujgneg
sf gprcprncu jf ukg pgrtf jfssg `frgbíg, gjgptgbjc g sfus
tfxtcs sgmrgjcs.
Fssfs pfrëcjcs jg `nstõrng jg rfonmnåc dujgneg acrgk tfkpcs jf
ecbaontcs sfetçrncs. Eckc qugoqufr îpceg jfssf tnpc, acrgk gc
kfskc tfkpc rnecs fk rfaofxöfs tfcoõmnegs vnbjgs jf vçrncs
mrupcs f sfntgs. Cs rghnbcs quf rfjnmnrgk c Zgokuj fstgvgk
tfbtgbjc kgbtfr efrtg crtcjcxng f frgk chvngkfbtf egutfocscs
jf qugoqufr jfsvnc jfkgsngjc sfetçrnc. Fofs fbtåc sf rfafrnrgk
g fssg këstneg pfoc bckf mfbîrnec jf Kg'gsf` Kfrigvg. C
 Zgokuj nbsnstf bc agtc quf c quf jnz rfspfntc g fssf
ecb`fenkfbtc båc jfvfrng sfr fbsnbgjc ìs kgssgs, kgs
sckfbtf gcs quf täk kgturnjgjf bfefssçrng g fssf fstujc.
\cjf-sf jnzfr quf sf trgtg jg acbtf jc quf sfrç uk pcuec kgns
tgrjf e`gkgjc jf ighhgog.
Uåc nbjnegjgs vçrngs fxpfrnäbengs këstnegs bc Zgokuj, pcr
fxfkpoc, g jc Xghnbc Unkcb Hgr ^ce`gn, kgs båc `ç kfbíåc
jf uk onvrc quf fof tfb`g fserntc.
Î bfssf kckfbtc quf fbtrg bg `nstõrng c Ufafr ^ftznrg`,
prnkfnrc onvrc fxponentgkfbtf ighhgonstg. Fof gpgrfef fbtrf cs
sîeuocs 5 f :. Zcjcs cs fspfengonstgs båc fståc jf gecrjc schrf
c agtc quf c quf pcssuëkcs `cdf sfdg c quf î kfbencbgjc bc
 Zgokuj, kgs bgjg pgrfef nbvgonjgr nssc.

51
 Fssg chrg bcs kcstrg pfog prnkfnrg vfz ukg kgbfnrg jnafrfbtf
jf vfr Jfus f sugs rfogíöfs eck cs `ckfbs
`ckfbs f c kubjc. C
goaghftc `fhrgnec î gqun fvcegjc eckc guxnongr jg erngíåc (c
quf tgkhîk vfkcs bc Tc`gr). Gs ecrrfspcbjäbengs fbtrf gs
pgrtfs jc ecrpc, cs gstrcs, cs kfsfs jc gbc, cs kftgns, fte. såc
jf nkpcrtèbeng prnkcrjngo. Fssg trgjníåc jfsfbvcovfu prçtnegs
f rntcs kuntc nbtfrfssgbtfs. Votrgpgssgbjc g ecrrfbtf `fhrgneg,
cs rntcs nbnençtnecs jfssg ftgpg sf fbecbtrgråc, pcr fxfkpoc, bg
Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, gpõs tfr snjc trgbskntnjcs
pfocs ighhgonstgs ernståcs f gs ecrrfbtfs `frkftnstgs jg Xcsg-
Eruz. Eckc vfrfkcs gjngbtf, fssfs ecb`fenkfbtcs såc
`frgbígs jg gbtnmg trgjníåc `fofbnstg, pntgmõrneg f bfcpogtúbneg.
Nssc sfrç fxponegjc ghubjgbtf f hrno`gbtfkfbtf pfocs
ighhgonstgs ernståcs.
Cs fserntcs sfmunbtfs kgns snmbnanegtnvcs acrgk c Ufafr Xgznfo
cu "c onvrc jc gbdc Xgznfo", c Ufafr Hg`nr cu "c onvrc jg
nouknbgíåc"), f c Tc`gr cu "onvrc jg ouz hrno`gbtf". Jf efrtg
kgbfnrg fofs acrgk cs pnogrfs jfssg trgjníåc ceuotg. Ufmubjc
gomukgs acbtfs, c Tc`gr acn jfsechfrtc pcr Kcnsîs jf Ofcb,
quf vnvfu pcr vcotg jf 78>< bg Fspgb`g. Kgs î gtrnhuëjc gc
Xghn U`nkcb Hgr ^ce`gã, c Xgs`hn, goubc jc Xghn Ginvg quf
tfrng fserntc fssf ecbdubtc jf tfxtcs dç bc tfrefnrc sîeuoc. Acn
jfpcns jg egpturg f prnsåc jc Xghn Ginvg quf Xghn U`nkcb Hgr
 ^ce`gn vnvfu fk ukg mrutg eck sfu ano`c pcr trfzf gbcs. Fof
sgnu jfssf rftnrc tfbjc fserntc fssf Onvrc jc Fspofbjcr quf
anecu pfrjnjc jurgbtf jfz sîeuocs. Kcnsîs jf Ofcb c
rfjfsechrnu f puhonecu. Fssf tfxtc jc Tc`gr î uk ecbdubtc jf
 vçrncs vcoukfs jf eckfbtçrncs schrf g Zcrç (ecbdubtc jcs
enbec prnkfnrcs tfxtcs jg Hëhong). Ufu fstnoc ecbtrgstg eck cs
eckfbtçrncs mfrgokfbtf kuntc rgencbgonstgs. G pgrtnr jgë fof sf
tcrbg c tfxtc jf rfafräbeng jfsfbvcovfbjc g sghfjcrng jg
ighhgog.
Bc ank jc sîeuoc trfzf cs dujfus ecb`fefrgk uk pfrëcjc
nbstçvfo f pfrnmcsc bg Fspgb`g. Nssc båc nkpfjnu mrgbjfs
këstnecs eckc Ghuogang jf prfmgr g tcofrèbeng f g ghfrturg jf
fspërntc, fserfvfbjc chrgs jf mrgbjf prcaubjnjgjf. Fk

5=
 sfmunjg cs dujfus acrgk fxpuoscs jg Fspgb`g f efrtc bôkfrc
sf rfaumncu fk Ugafj bg Mgonofng. Acn oç quf gpgrfefu ukg bcvg
fsecog jf ighhgonstgs.
Jurgbtf fssg îpceg, g ighhgog sf jfsfbvcovfu fk uk oumgr fk
quf cs dujfus f ernståcs gnbjg vnvgk fk hcg nbtfonmäbeng, g
\rcvfbíg. Fssg envnonzgíåc fxtrgcrjnbçrng gnbjg båc tnb`g
ecb`fenjc gs eruzgjgs quf nrngk jfstruë-og jfanbntnvgkfbtf. Cs
eurscs fbtåc frgk jgjcs onvrfkfbtf bgs vçrngs ubnvfrsnjgjfs
jc Ogbmufjce, nbjfpfbjfbtfkfbtf jgs ecbanssöfs jcs
prcafsscrfs. Chrgs anocsõanegs vnbjgs jf jnafrfbtfs ecrrfbtfs
fspnrntugns f anocsõanegs nbeounbjc c Nsoå acrgk trgjuznjgs.
 Gvnefbg, Gvfrrcfs f Kgnkúbnjfs aurgk fbtåc puhonegjcs f
fstujgjcs pgrg g kgncr moõrng jc fspërntc `ukgbc. Jfvfkcs
fbagtnzgr quf acn tgkhîk bc Ogbmufjce (Uuo jg Argbíg) quf sf
rfvfocu gomubs sîeuocs kgns tgrjf g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg
Xcsg-Eruz.
Bc sîeuoc 71, fk Ugafj, c Xghn Nsgge
N sgge Ocurng gssnk eckc vçrncs
ighhgonstgs prcssfmunrgk c trghgo`c schrf gs chrgs gbtfrncrfs.
Fofs jfsfbvcovfrgk prçtnegs f tîebnegs egpgzfs jf gdujç-ocs g
rfgonzgr gs fxpfrnäbengs jfserntgs bcs onvrcs quf fstujgrgk. G
ighhgog acn gssnk kgns ecb`fenjg f kfo`cr fbtfbjnjg. Zcrbcu-
sf c kfnc jf uotrgpgssgr g oftrg jc tfxtc sfrvnbjc-sf jf sug
rnqufzg f jf sug pctäbeng. Î prfensc kfbencbgr quf fssgs
trgjníöfs acrgk gc kfskc tfkpc crgns f fserntgs. Fogs acrgk
crgns bc sfbtnjc fk quf gs tîebnegs f fbsnbgkfbtcs frgk
trgbskntnjgs jcs Kfstrfs gcs jnseëpuocs9 fserntgs bc sfbtnjc fk
quf efrtc bôkfrc jf tfxtcs f ecbsfo`cs acrgk rfjnmnjcs. Kgs
båc frg rgrc quf cs Kfstrfs kcrrfssfk jfnxgbjc uk tfríc jf
sfus fserntcs g sfus jnseëpuocs, qufnkgbjc cutrc tfríc f sf
agzfbjc fbtfrrgr eck c cutrc tfríc. Frg nkpcrtgbtf pgrg fofs
quf gs tîebnegs fssfbengns acssfk c rfsuotgjc jf uk trghgo`c
nbtfrncr f båc jf snkpofs rfefpíåc jf uk tfxtc quf pfrkgbfef
acrg jg fxpfrnäbeng nbjnvnjugo. Qgkcs fbecbtrgr c trgíc jfssf
ecstukf bgs trgjníöfs jg ighhgog ernstå f jg Xcsg-Eruz.
Ufmubjc g ofbjg, qugbjc g tukhg jc aubjgjcr jfssg trgjníåc,

50
E`rnstngb Xcsfberfuz acn fbecbtrgjg, fof tnb`g fbtrf cs hrgícs
uk onvrc, c onvrc Z. Nbtfrfssgbtf sfkfo`gbíg snkhõoneg!...
Cs ighhgonstgs jfsfbvcovfrgk sugs prçtnegs f sfus fstujcs ì
kgrmfk jcs pcjfrfs ubnvfrsntçrncs. Nssc gtrgnu arfqufbtfkfbtf
g cpcsníåc jcs rghnbgtcs. Frg kuntc jnaëeno njfbtnanegr ukg
gutcrnjgjf prfensg bg ecrrfbtf jg ighhgog pcrquf fssf
ecb`fenkfbtc frg utnonzgjc fk jnvfrscs mrupcs nbtfrfssgjcs
pfog këstneg, kgmng, fsctfrnskc, fte. Zujc nssc arfqufbtfkfbtf
a rfqufbtfkfbtf
ecbtrnhunu pgrg c egrçtfr suspfntc jg ighhgog.
Fog ecbtnbucu g jfsfbvcovfr bc gkhnfbtf dujgnec jg Çarneg jc
Bcrtf (Ufagrgjf) f bc kfnc dujgnec jg Furcpg (Gs`ifbgzf).
Acn gssnk gtî bcssc tfkpc fk quf vçrncs kfstrfs dujfus såc
cs `frjfnrcs jfssg ecrrfbtf gbtnmg. Zcjgvng, jfvf-sf ofkhrgr c
quf jnssfkcs gbtfrncrkfbtf, nstc î, quf fssg ecrrfbtf vnbjg jc
dujgëskc ecbtnbug gbtfs jf tujc g gdujgr cs nbjnvëjucs jf aî
dujgneg g gprcaubjgr g këstneg f fspnrntugonjgjf jf sug trgjníåc.
Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf cs ernståcs sf eurvgrgk g pgrtnr jc sîeuoc
76 bfssg trgjníåc f schrf g kgbfnrg quf
qu f o`fs pcjfrng sfr ôtno.

Ighhgog ernstå f ighhgog `frkîtneg

C `ukgbnstg \nec jf og Knrgbjcog (\ne jf og Knrgbjcof)
rfnvnbjnecu sfr c prnkfnrc fstujgbtf ogtnbc bc sîeuoc 76 g
fstujgr g ighhgog f pgrfef quf fssf acn c egsc, kfskc sf cs
dujfus ecbvfrtnjcs sf gprcxnkgssfk jfssg enäbeng. Fk tcjc
egsc, fof acn c prnkfnrc nbjnvëjuc bgsenjc ernståc g fstujç-og. G
pgrtnr jc sîeuoc 75, frg rfecb`fenjc quf c Zgokuj f g Knjrgs`
tnb`gk nbaouäbengs ernstås f quf nssc pcjfrng gdujgr bg
ecbvfrsåc jf dujfus. Fssf kctnvc ecbtrnhunu pgrg c agtc jf
quf efrtcs ernståcs eckfígrgk g fstujgr g trgjníåc `fhrgneg
gssnk eckc g ighhgog. Fbecbtrg-sf, pcr fxfkpoc, fssg
dustnanegtnvg bgs egrtgs jfjnegtõrngs jgs chrgs jcs ighhgonstgs
ernståcs pgrg fssf cu gqufof pgpg. Jfssg kgbfnrg c gutcr
pcjfrng fspfrgr pgssgr gtrgvîs jgs suspfntgs quf pfsgvgk schrf
tcjcs cs ernståcs quf fstujgvgk g ighhgog. Nssc frg gnbjg kgns
nkpcrtgbtf pcns sf qufrng ghcrjgr g qufståc jgs prçtnegs.

5>
 C prnkfnrc dujfu g vfrjgjfnrgkfbtf sf ecbvfrtfr gc
ernstngbnskc acn Ghbfr jf Hurmcs (78=<-75:0). Fof tckcu c
bckf jf Goacbsc jf Qgoogjconj fk 758<. Eckc Ghuogang, fof
tfvf vnsöfs schrf gs tîebnegs jf pfrkutgíåc jgs oftrgs.
Wugbjc \nec jf og Knrgbjcog bgsefu, cs dujfus ecb`fefrgk
fssf pfrëcjc jf pgz jc qugo agogkcs gbtfrncrkfbtf. Fssf acn c
egsc tgbtc sch c jckëbnc kuíuokgbc jg Fspgb`g f bg tfrrg
ernstå bc Ogbmufjce f \rcvfbíg. Fssf acn c prnkfnrc pfrëcjc
jf fbecbtrc fbtrf fssfs pfbsgkfbtcs jnafrfbtfs. Fssf
fbrnqufenkfbtc kôtuc jurcu gtî g rfecbqunstg. Acn A cn g pgrtnr jgë
quf gukfbtcu c õjnc ecbtrg cs dujfus f hfk kgns tgrjf
ecbjuznu ìs gtrcenjgjfs quf ecb`fefkcs. Cs dujfus acrgk
jfsocegjcs g pgrtnr jf 7:== f ecb`fefrgk ukg jfpcrtgíåc
kgssnvg jg Fspgb`g fk 7:>8. Fbtrftgbtc, cs ernståcs jfnxgrgk
g fseco`g fbtrf g pgrtnjg acrígjg f g ecbvfrsåc. Fkhcrg fssg
ôotnkg sntugíåc acssf kuntc prfeçrng, vçrncs g fseco`frgk. Nssc
cs pfrkntng prcssfmunr pcr efrtc tfkpc c fstujc jc quf sf
tcrbcu c Gbtnmc Zfstgkfbtc f jf kgbfnrg kuntc kgns jnserftg,
jg trgjníåc ighhgonstneg.
 Gpfsgr jfssg rfdfníåc jc pcvc dujfu, g prõprng `nfrgrqung jg
Nmrfdg egtõoneg gefntcu c nbtfrfssf jfssfs fstujcs. Kgs bõs hfk
sghfkcs quf båc acn gpfbgs pcr ukg qufståc jf nbstruíåc.
 Gs trgjuíöfs jcs tfxtcs dujgnecs f ighhgonstnecs acrgk
faftugjcs pcr vçrncs dujfus ecbvfrtnjcs. Acn c egsc, pcr
fxfkpoc, jf Ugkufo hfb Bnssnk Ghuoagrgs` (7881-7801) quf
acn kgns ecb`fenjc gpõs sug ecbvfrsåc sch c bckf jf Aogvnus
Knt`rnjgtfs. Fof trgjuznu kgns jf 5<<< pçmnbgs jf chrgs
`fhrgnegs f acrkcu \nec jf og Knrgbjcog. Knt`rnjgtfs, eckc
kgns tgrjf cs cutrcs ighhgonstgs ernståcs, prceurcu ecbvfbefr
c pgpg quf fof pcjfrng prcvgr gs vfrjgjfs ernstås pfog ighhgog.
Båc `ç jôvnjg quf tgkhîk acn fof quf trgjuznu gs chrgs kgns
fspfengonzgjgs pgrg c fbsnbgkfbtc jf \nec jf og Knrgbjcog.
 Gpfsgr jnssc, gomubs pfsqunsgjcrfs rfecb`fengk quf cs
ecb`fenkfbtcs ighhgonstnecs jf \nec frgk hfk onkntgjcs.

:<
 Knt`rnjgtfs nbtrcjuznu c onvrc jc Ufp`fr `g-Hg`nr eck \nec
quf c fstujcu fk sug oëbmug crnmnbgo. Î nbtfrfssgbtf bctgr quf
fssg chrg gpgrfefu bc Ogbmufjce pcr vcotg jf 776< f dç
kgbnafstcu ukg ausåc fbtrf gs trgjníöfs ighhgonstnegs dujgnegs,
bfcpogtúbnegs f mbõstnegs.
Chsfrvgkcs eckc cutrg nbaouäbeng schrf c dcvfk \nec, \ghoc
jf @frfjng (7:<0-7:01), gssnk eckc c knstfrncsc prcafsscr
Jgttnoc cu Jgttyous `gvng fserntc hgstgbtf schrf g kgmng.
 Gomukgs jgs njfngs jf \nec jf og Knrgbjcog kgbnafstgk
eogrgkfbtf fssg nbaouäbeng.
Cs Ighhgonstgs ernståcs tnb`gk ukg ghcrjgmfk nbtfnrgkfbtf
bcvg gc dujgëskc. Fvnjfbtfkfbtf fofs rfecb`fefrgk c
nbtfrfssf f g qugonjgjf jfssg trgjníåc rfonmncsg. \grg gomubs
jfofs gs rfonmnöfs gbtfrncrfs, nbeounbjc gssnk g quf eckpub`g
c aubjgkfbtc jg rfonmnåc ubnvfrsgo ì qugo fofs pfrtfbengk, c
ernstngbnskc. Î kuntc jnaëeno `cdf sghfr c quf fofs tnb`gk fk
kfbtf qugbjc acrkuogrgk fssg njfng. Bõs tfkcs jugs ecnsgs
pgrg duomgr. G prnkfnrg pfrkgbfef fk sfus fserntcs f g sfmubjg,
gs trgjníöfs ceuotgs quf fofs ecbstntuërgk f såc trgbskntnjgs g
pgrtnr jfofs. Eckc dç tnvfkcs g e`gbef jf jnzfr, jfvf sfr
ofkhrgjc quf fssfs fserntcs acrgk puhonegjcs ofvgbjc fk
ecbtg c co`gr f c duomgkfbtc jg Nmrfdg. \crtgbtc, bfk sfkprf
ofvf cs tfxtcs gc pî jg oftrg. Wugbtc ìs trgjníöfs quf sf
sfmunrgk, gssnk eckc Gmrnppg, jåc ukg njfng kgns prfensg jg
nbtfbíåc jf pgrtnjg. C quf pcjfkcs jnzfr î quf c aubjgkfbtc
jf sfu pfbsgkfbtc rfsnjf bgs rfonmnöfs fspnrntugns quf
prfefjfrgk, qufr sf trgtf jg Uukîrng, Fmntc, Mrîeng cu jc
dujgëskc. Zcjgs pgrtnenpgrgk jg aubjgíåc jf ukg fspîenf jf
rfonmnåc fsctîrneg ubnvfrsgo.
Fxctfrnegkfbtf, cs ighhgonstgs ernståcs båc tnvfrgk bfb`uk
prchofkg fk e`gkgr fssg rfonmnåc jf egtõoneg pcns fssg pgogvrg
snmbnaneg ftnkcocmnegkfbtf ubnvfrsgo. Zcjgvng, g ofnturg jf sfus
tfxtcs bõs kcstrg quf sfu ecbefntc jfssg rfonmnåc ubnvfrsgo båc
î bgjg njäbtneg ì jg Nmrfdg crtcjcxg cu jg Nmrfdg jf Xckg. Fssg
rfonmnåc ubnvfrsgo jfrnvgjg jcs prnbeëpncs fsctîrnecs jg ighhgog
quf fofs jfsfbvcovngk, båc cutrg ecnsg quf uk `frkftnskc

:7
 bfcpogtúbnec. Jf agtc, trgtgvg-sf jf ukg acrkg jf
fspnrntugonjgjf nbtfmrgbjc jf kgbfnrg `grkcbncsg f tcofrgbtf
gs jnafrfbtfs acrkgs rfonmncsgs jg trgjníåc cenjfbtgo. Wugbtc
gcs sgefrjctfs, fofs tnvfrgk quf, tgbtc qugbtc pcssëvfo, sf
tcrbgr gjfptcs nbnengjcs jg vfrjgjfnrg enäbeng, g ighhgog. Fssg
ôotnkg gpgrfefu eckc ukg pgogvrg mfbîrneg echrnbjc fssf
ecb`fenkfbtc jc nbnengjc g fssfs knstîrncs. Ocbmf jf sfr ukg
bcvg ofnturg jc ernstngbnskc, frg gbtfs ukg bcvg acrkg
rfonmncsg quf tfrç ecbsfquäbengs fk tcjc c Cenjfbtf f jgrç
bgsenkfbtc, goîk jgs ecrrfbtfs tfôrmnegs bfcpogtúbnegs, ìs
ecrrfbtfs kgíúbnegs, Xcsg-Eruz f ceuotnstgs.
Î nbtfrfssgbtf rfvfr fssg mäbfsf bg egrtg prfaçenc jf Xfue`onb
gc \gpg Ofåc PNNN. Uõ sf pcjf sfr gtnbmnjc, sfdg pcr sug
jfsecbefrtgbtf nbmfbunjgjf, cu pfog cusgjng jf sfus
prcpõsntcs. Jf agtc, fof eckfíg sug egrtg pcr ukg fxponegíåc
eogrg jgs enreubstèbengs jc rfbgsenkfbtc jc bfcpogtcbnskc f
jg bcvg gegjfkng pogtúbneg fk Aocrfbíg. Kgs fof båc nmbcrg g
gpgräbeng jg gegjfkng, kgs tgkhîk jc agtc quf fog acn
aubjgjg pfog nbnengtnvg jf Ecskc jf Kîjnen f schrf cs
fbsnbgkfbtcs jc ôotnkc jfsefbjfbtf jg trgjníåc pgmå
`fofbëstneg, \oftcb. Fof nbtrcjuznu bc Cenjfbtf ukg sfnvg
 vnvnanegbtf quf acn egpgz jf qufhrgr g egseg jcs jcmkgs,
rfvfogbjc gssnk gs ecbsenäbengs jfssfs nbjnvëjucs jf fxefíåc.
Uf fssg rfbcvgíåc jg anocscang eoçssneg frg onkntgjg bfssf
gspfetc nssc dç frg fxtrgcrjnbçrnc. Fssf acn, bgturgokfbtf, c
egsc, kgs tgkhîk jfu bgsenkfbtc g ukg mrgbjf ecrrfbtf quf
trgbsacrkcu ontfrgokfbtf gs oftrgs f gs grtfs. G sfkfbtf jf
onhfrjgjf `gvng mfrknbgjc f pcjfrng fbtåc feocjnr fk tcjg g
Furcpg. Kgs g trgbsknssåc båc sf onkntcu ìs oftrgs. Î eogrc `cdf
fk jng quf gtrçs jg gegjfkng pogtúbneg, sf fbecbtrgvg g
trgjníåc ceuotg f nbnençtneg jc `frkftnskc. Wufrfkcs agogr jf
uk fbsnbgkfbtc rfgo, gc kfskc tfkpc snkhõonec f rntugo quf
nkponeg tcjc uk ecbdubtc jf prçtnegs. \rfsuknvfokfbtf eckc
rfsuotgjc jf ukg nbnengíåc, cs nrkåcs rfefhngk c quf î jf
jnrfntc e`gkgr fbsnbgkfbtc fsctîrnec f fstgbjc ubnjcs fk
ukg vfrjgjfnrg agkëong fspnrntugo. Fssg trgjníåc `frkftnstg

:8
 rfkcbtgvg g uk pfrëcjc prî-ernståc fk uk tfkpc fk quf g
Hëhong gnbjg båc tnb`g snjc nbvfbtgjg... @frkfs Zräs Qfzfs
Mrgbjf, Z`ct` @frkfs dç frg c Jfus quf `gvng trgznjc g
enäbeng f g kgmng gcs `ckfbs gtrgvîs jg fsernturg sgmrgjg
`nfrcmoëaneg. Cs `fhrfus gnbjg frgk uk pcvc pcontfëstg... Bc
anbgo jc Nkpîrnc Fmëpenc, Gofxgbjrng acn c oumgr fxtrgcrjnbçrnc
jf fbecbtrc jf tcjcs cs sçhncs quf pfrpftugrgk fssg
kgrgvno`csg trgjníåc sch gs vfstfs jcs euotcs jf Knstîrncs f g
enäbeng tfôrmneg. Î fssg trgjníåc quf acn trgbskntnjg gtrgvîs jc
quf acn e`gkgjc g egjfng jf curc jcs gjfptcs. Fog gtrgvfsscu
g `nstõrng f sf rfvfocu pofbgkfbtf jurgbtf fssf pfrëcjc
fxefpencbgo.
Fns c quf Xfue`onb fserfvfu schrf nssc4 "\grg fssg knssåc Y"c
egknb`c pgrg fbecbtrgr cs sfmrfjcs quf gtî g fof pfrkgbfefk
ceuotcs bcs kcbukfbtcs
kcbukfbtcs ontfrçrncs jcs Gbtnmcs."[ fof Yc noustrf
Ogurfbt jf Kîjnens, pgn jc \gpg[ sf gponecu pgrg trgzfr jf
tcjcs cs oumgrfs cs `ckfbs kgns jcutcs f cs kgns frujntcs fk
ontfrgturg gbtnmg, quf dubtgrgk ì enäbeng jg focquäbeng,
Jfkftrncs E`goecbjyof, Kgrsëonc Anenbc, Mfcrmfs Qfspueen,
E`rnstcp`f Ogbjnbc, Qgocrn, Gbmf \contnfb, Dfgb \ne, Ecktf jf
og Knrgbjcof, f tcjcs cs kgncrfs sçhncs jc kubjc, quf
trcuxfrgk ì ouz gs nbvfbíöfs jcs Gbtnmcs f g knstfrncsg
gbtnmunjgjf quf g nbafonenjgjf jcs tfkpcs afz fsqufefr. Cs
kgncrfs fspërntcs gë rnvgonzgrgk. Vk fbsnbcu, cutrc eckfbtcu9
uk `gvng afntc gefrvcs, cutrc nbtfrprftcu f trgjuznu jf ukg
oëbmug g cutrg. Kgrsëonc trcuxf g Mrîeng pgrg g Ogznc. \contnfb
ofvcu cs Xckgbcs ì Mrîeng. Zcjcs sf fbtrfmgrgk ì chrg båc
sfk quf fog mfrgssf kuntg moõrng gcs Kîjnens." Y…[
"Goîk jnssc, bc pfbsgkfbtc jf quf gpfbgs gs jcutrnbgs
pntgmõrnegs fstgvgk agotgbjc gcs sçhncs, eudcs argmkfbtcs,
pcrtgbtc, fståc ceuotcs fspgo`gjcs bg Gegjfkng Ogurfbtngbg,
fu pfbsfn quf fu fxpusfssf gc pôhonec c quf, jnzfk fofs,
\ntçmcrgs f cs mrgbjfs \ntgmõrnecs pfbsgvgk. Eck vcssc afonz
ecbsfbtnkfbtc cs Ogtnbcs ofråc c quf gtî gmcrg nmbcrgvgk.
\grg g Ntçong, Kgrsëonc puhonecu \ogtåc. \grg cs Argbefsfs
 Dgequfs Ofaàvrf j'Ftgpofs rfbcvcu Grnstõtfofs, fu tfrknbgrfn g

:5
 ecbtg, f fu, Egpbncb, kcstrgrfn gcs Gofkåfs uk \ntçmcrgs,
eudc rfbgsenkfbtc pcr kfus eunjgjcs î jfjnegjc g võs. G
chrg båc pcjfrng sfr ecbeouëjg sfk g Eghgog jcs @fhrfus. G
anocscang jf \ntçmcrgs eckfícu eck cs prfefntcs jcs
«Eghgogfn¹, f g kfkõrng jcs \gtrngregs jfnxgbjc g Mrgbjf
Mrîeng vcotcu g sf ceuotgr bgs chrgs jcs Eghgonstgs. Fbtåc
qugsf tujc tnb`g quf sfr jfsfb`gjc. Zgkhîk fu fserfvn schrf
g grtf eghgoëstneg, quf î ukg anocscang snkhõoneg, pgrg agzfr
ecb`fefr cs fbsnbgkfbtcs jcs «\yt`gmcrgfn¹ gcs frujntcs."
Î nbtfrfssgbtf bctgr quf g trgjuíåc jf vçrngs chrgs jg rfonmnåc
dujgneg fstç eogrgkfbtf gsscengjg ìs jg trgjníåc `fofbëstneg.
Fogs ecbstntuërgk g acbtf fxtrgcrjnbçrng pgrg g qugo tcjcs cs
gjfptcs pcstfrncrfs jfssg trgjníåc nråc gtrgnr.
 Qgkcs chsfrvgr gnbjg bc anbgo jc Xfbgsenkfbtc, g nkpcrtgbtf
chrg jf E`rnstngb Ibcrr vcb Xcsfbrct`, Ighhgog Jfbujgtg,
quf î ukg eckpnogíåc kuntc nkpcrtgbtf jf tfxtcs
ighhgonstnecs.
Båc agrfkcs ukg onstg jf gutcrfs f jf tcjgs gs chrgs quf fofs
trgjuznrgk cu puhonegrgk. Cs `nstcrngjcrfs rfgonzgrgk
hrno`gbtfkfbtf trghgo`c nkpcrtgbtf bfssf egkpc f ecbtnbugk
g agzä-oc. Bcssc prcpõsntc bfstg chrg î jf gdujç-oc g
eckprffbjfr gs acbtfs jfssg trgjníåc, jf gvgongr c nbtfrfssf, c
 vgocr rfgo f jf eckprffbjfr qugns såc cs
cs jfsefbjfbtfs. \crquf
eckc arfqufbtfkfbtf, cs `nstcrngjcrfs såc rfogtnvgkfbtf
chdftnvcs pgrg g `nstõrng gbtnmg, kgs kuntgs vfzfs pgrengns schrf
gs jfsefbjäbengs kcjfrbgs. Goîk jfssfs gspfetcs `nstõrnecs, î
nkpcrtgbtf o`f jgr cs fofkfbtcs bfefssçrncs ì eckprffbsåc
jgs prçtnegs jfssg ecrrfbtf quf rfubnkcs bg sfmubjg pgrtf
jfstg chrg. Bfk sfkprf î fvnjfbtf vfr quf ukg jgs
egrgetfrëstnegs jf ukg vng trgjnencbgo, fspnrntugo f nbnençtneg,
ecbsnstf fk gsscengr g prçtneg gc fstujc tfõrnec. Bõs
fbtfbjfkcs quf fssf ôotnkc î aubjgkfbtgo, kgs båc jfvf
suhstntunr ukg ghcrjgmfk prçtneg quf î egpgz jf nbspnrgr f
 vgonjgr cs fxfreëencs ighhgonstnecs. Ufk nssc, pcjfrngk
pfrkgbfefr ukg purg ghstrgíåc purg f ecrtgjg jc sgmrgjc.
Båc vgkcs fsqufefr quf c chdftnvc jc prgtnegbtf î jf sf fofvgr

::
 ì jnvnbjgjf, cu fk onbmugmfk kgns ecbtfkpcrèbfg, goegbígr
cs bëvfns jf ecbsenäbeng egpgzfs jf rfvfogr c jnvnbc fk bõs.
Båc vgkcs fsqufefr quf kfskc pgrg c ernstngbnskc, Jfus afz
c `ckfk ì sug nkgmfk. Efrtgkfbtf pcjfrëgkcs jnseutnr schrf
c tfrkc "nkgmfk", quf båc pcjf faftnvgkfbtf fxponegr ukg
rfgonjgjf, kgs sug nkgmfk jfmrgjgjg. Fbtrftgbtc, prfafrnkcs
sfmunr cs gbtnmcs gutcrfs pogtúbnecs quf rfecb`fengk fk c sfr
fbegrbgjc g prfsfbíg jc jnvnbc. Fssg ceuotgíåc jg gokg pfoc
ecrpc dustnanegvg cs fxfreëencs fspnrntugns f gs nbnengíöfs
egpgzfs jf onhfrç-og prcmrfssnvgkfbtf. Bg trgjníåc ighhgonstneg
`frkftnstg, bgjg bcs pfrkntf bfmgr nssc, hfk gc ecbtrçrnc. Båc
 vgkcs fsqufefr quf acna cn g gegjfkng pogtúbneg jf Aocrfbíg sch
g îmnjf f c nkpuosc jf Anenbc f \nec quf erncu g ecrrfbtf jg
qugo agogkcs.
 Qgkcs ofkhrgr pgr tfrknbgr quf cs gtugns jfsefbjfbtfs jcs
ighhgonstgs ernståc jc rfbgsenkfbtc, qufr acssfk ceuotnstgs cu
`frkftnstgs, jfvfk sf crmuo`gr jfssg `frgbíg. Fofs jfvfk
sfkprf outgr pfoc njfgo quf sfus gbtnmcs kfstrfs nbecrpcrgrgk,
rfubnbjc c ecb`fenkfbtc jcs tfxtcs f jgs oëbmugs, supcrtgjc
pcr ukg ecbstgbtf prçtneg nbtfrncr. 7 <

7
 Fxtrgnjc jc
jc onvrc ‟GHE
‟GHE jf Ighhgof e`rîtnfbbf,‛ Fjntncbs
Fjntncbs Mrgbe`fr,
Mrgbe`fr, Dfgb-Ocuns
Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn.

:6
:1
 G EGQGOGXNG
EGQGOGXNG EFOFUZF
 Zcjcs täk sug prõprng nkgmfk jcs egvgofnrcs jg njgjf
njgjf kîjng.
Fssg vfrjgjfnrg egstg, ecbstntuëjg pcr bchrfs pcrtgbjc grkgs,
sf tcrbcu eîofhrf pfocs ecbtcs îpnecs eckpcstcs bg îpceg
kfjnfvgo.
Cs trcvgjcrfs f cs pcftgs rfjnmnrgk fssfs ecbtcs gc kfskc
tfkpc agbtçstnecs f snkhõonecs nbecrpcrgbjc fofkfbtcs
aubjgkfbtgns pfrtfbefbtfs ì trgjníåc fsctîrneg cenjfbtgo.
Bõs vfkcs bfssfs ecbtcs c bgsenkfbtc jf ukg acrkg jf
egvgogrng kcrgo, ecocegbjc cs njfgns fspnrntugns genkg jcs
eckhgtfs aësnecs. G huseg jc Mrggo î g rfprfsfbtgíåc snkhõoneg
kgns ecb`fenjg f rfprfsfbtg uk jcs gspfetcs fssfbengns jf
bcssg trgjníåc.
 Gomubs mrupcs gë vngk g `frgbíg jg Crjfk jc Zfkpoc, c quf
î agosc. Fkhcrg fssf pcssuëssf nbjnvëjucs quf sf pcjfrng
eogssnanegr jf nbnengjcs, g Crjfk pcr sn kfskg båc acn ukg
Crjfk fsctîrneg.
 Gtrgvîs jf sug acrkgíåc, bcssc No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-
Eruz rfefhfu kuntcs jceukfbtcs jf fbsnbgkfbtcs
prcvfbnfbtfs jf mrupcs tfkpoçrncs `cdf fk jng jfsgpgrfenjcs.
Fofs fstgvgk gsscengjcs ì egvgogrng trgjnencbgo. Fssg `frgbíg
eckpoftg acn prcmrfssnvgkfbtf nbtfmrgjg ì ecofíåc jf fserntcs
nbnengo jg Crjfk, pgrg jgr g egjg nbnengjc gs e`gvfs kgns
eckpoftgs jc fsctfrnskc ernståc. Gpfsgr jf sug cpcsníåc g
\gpus f gomukgs ecbausöfs rfonmncsgs jcutrnbçrngs, g nbnengtnvg
jf Dcsfp`nb \îogjgb jfvf sfr ecocegjg bfssf ecbtfxtc. Î pcr
fssg rgzåc quf gs chrgs rntugns f jcutrnbçrngs såc gtugokfbtf
fbsnbgjgs bg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz.
 Gmcrg î nkpcrtgbtf kfbencbgr quf fssg egvgogrng fspnrntugo,
fssg huseg jc mrggo, sõ pcjf sf tcrbgr efofstf eck ukg
ecbjníåc. C nbnengjc jfvf jfsfbvcovfr fk sn cs vgocrfs kcrgns
e`gkgjcs egvgo`fnrfsecs quf o`f pfrkntnråc gvgbígr pgrg g
 vnsåc jnvnbg. Fssfs vgocrfs såc gc kfskc tfkpc snkpofs f
fssfbengns. Fofs ecbstntufk ukg ecbjníåc ghscoutg g qugoqufr

:=
 rfvfogíåc. Fssf gprfbjnzgjc agz pgrtf pofbg jg acrkgíåc
trgbskntnjg pfog Crjfk.
 Qgocrfs snkpofs eckc g ecrtfsng, `cbfstnjgjf, rfspfntc pfog
pgogvrg jgjg, `uknojgjf, såc cs gspfetcs quf c nbnengjc tfrç
quf jfkcbstrgr g sfus nbnengjcrfs pgrg pcjfr rfnvnbjnegr
rfvfogíöfs supfrncrfs.
Î bfssf kckfbtc quf sfråc jfsvfogjgs prcmrfssnvgkfbtf gs
e`gvfs trgbskntnjgs pfocs trcvgjcrfs jc Uuo jg Argbíg gcs
egvgofnrcs. Î bfssf nbstgbtf quf c knstfrncsc rcsçrnc rfvfogrç
sfus knstîrncs gc nbnengjc.

:0
 G QFXJGJFNXG
QFXJGJFNXG XCUG-EXVT
 G Xcsg-Eruz bg `nstõrng
Î prcvçvfo quf vceä dç tfb`g cuvnjc ganrkgr quf g trgjníåc
Xcsg-Eruz vfnc jc gbtnmc Fmntc. Î bfefssçrnc gpfbgs gomubs
sfmubjcs jf pfsqunsg pgrg jfsechrnr quf fssf tnpc jf ganrkgíåc
ga nrkgíåc
î `nstcrnegkfbtf agosc. Fbtrf gs kuntgs puhonegíöfs
grqufcoõmnegs, bfb`ukg jfogs rfvfog fofkfbtcs quf pcjfk
dustnanegr fssf tnpc jf tfsf agbtgsnstg. Uõ sf pcjf sfr egutfocsc
schrf mrupcs quf agzfk jnssc sug hgsf jcutrnbçrng.
\crtgbtc, î aubjgkfbtgo gprfsfbtgr cs fofkfbtcs `nstõrnecs
nbecbtfstçvfns schrf cs qugns vceä pcjfrç sf hgsfgr pgrg
fbtfbjfr kfo`cr fssg trgjníåc agsenbgbtf.
 Qgkcs gsscengr kgns fstujcs gprcaubjgjcs quf vceä pcjfrç
fbecbtrgr bc Hocm jc sntf Nbtfrbft.
 Gs prnkfnrgs rfafräbengs ercbcoõmnegs såc açefns jf fbtfbjfr f
rfsuknr4
- Njgjf Kîjng argbefsg4 aubjgíåc jg Zrgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz bc
Uuo jg Argbíg nbtfmrgbjc fofkfbtcs mbõstnecs.
- 717:, 7176, 71714 puhonegíåc jcs fserntcs aubjgkfbtgns
schrf g Xcsg-Eruz pcr Dc`b Qgofbtnb Gbjrfgf f sfu eëreuoc jf
gknmcs. Båc pgrfef tfr `gvnjc bfb`ukg crmgbnzgíåc Xcsg-
Eruz gbtfs jnssc.
- 7===4 crmgbnzgíåc jf ukg Crjfk gofkå onmgjg ì Argbec
Kgícbgrng eck c bckf jf « Mcojfb gbj Xcsy Ercss ¹. Fssf
mrupc nbnençtnec fstfvf gtnvc jurgbtf gprcxnkgjgkfbtf bcvf
gbcs.
- 701=4 crmgbnzgíåc, bg Nbmogtfrrg, jg « Ucenftgs Xcsneruengbg
nb Gbmong ¹ (U.X.N.G.) jfrnvgjg jg « Ucenftgs Xcsneruengbg nb
Uectogbj ¹ (U.X.N.U.) bg sfquäbeng jg gjknssåc jf ]noongk
 Dgkfs @um`gb.

:>
- 706<4 Crjfk jg Xcsg-Eruz jfsefbjfbjc jg Xcsg-Eruz
crnmnbgo argbefsg crmgbnzgjg bg îpceg kfjnfvgo.
- 70004 crmgbnzgíåc, bg Argbíg, pcr Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg, jg
Crjfk quf rfprfsfbtgkcs, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-
Eruz. Zcjgs gs cutrgs crmgbnzgíöfs rfnvnbjnegk g Xcsg-Eruz
quf vceä pcjf fbecbtrgr fk pfsqunsgs såc erngíöfs jgtgbjc
jc eckfíc jc sîeuoc 7>, eckc pcr fxfkpoc, g GKCXE.
\grg eckprffbjfr g crnmfk jfssgs knstfrncsgs crmgbnzgíöfs
Xcsg-Eruz, î prfensc co`gr hrfvfkfbtf pgrg g `nstõrng jc
jfsfbvcovnkfbtc jfssf kcvnkfbtc. Jfnxgrfkcs gqun jf ogjc
c pfrëcjc kfjnfvgo pgrg eckfígr pfogs puhonegíöfs jcs onvrcs
eîofhrfs.
Fbtrf 717: f 7171, träs onvrcs fstrgb`cs acrgk puhonegjcs
gbcbnkgkfbtf bg Gofkgb`g. Cs gutcrfs frgk prcvgvfokfbtf
c pgstcr Dc`gbb Qgofbtnb Gbjrfgf f sfu eëreuoc jf gknmcs.
Fssgs chrgs tfk cs sfmunbtfs tëtuocs4
7- Agkg Argtfrbntgtns Xcsgf Eruens9 8- Ecbafssnc Argtfrbntgtns9
5- Gs Bcntfs quëknegs jf E`rnstngb Xcsfbirfutz.
Ufmubjc cs `nstcrngjcrfs kcjfrbcs, båc `ç bfb`ukg
nbjnegíåc jf mrupc ceuotc e`gkgjc Xcsg-Eruz cu Xcsgf
Eruens bg Gofkgb`g gbtfs jfssgs puhonegíöfs. Eckc tcjgs gs
trgjníöfs fsctîrnegs cu rfonmnöfs jc kfskc bckf, cs kntcs
aubjgjcrfs jc mrupc erngjc pcr Dc`gbb Qgofbtnb Gbjrfgf
rfnvnbjnegvgk quf sfus trghgo`cs vnb`gk jg Gbtnmunjgjf. \grg \ grg
ogbígr gomukg ouz schrf tujc nssc, jfvfkcs kfbencbgr quf î
pfrafntgkfbtf fxgtc quf cs sëkhcocs jg eruz f jg rcsg såc
gbtnmcs. Fssfs jcns sëkhcocs acrgk utnonzgjcs jf kgbfnrg
bctçvfo bg pcfsng, rfonmnåc f fsctfrnskc jfsjf cs tfkpcs
gbtnmcs. Fbtrftgbtc, c jfsfbvcovnkfbtc kcjfrbc jc sëkhcoc
jg Xcsg schrf g Eruz î bcvc f båc agz pgrtf jf bfb`ukg
onb`gmfk gbtnmg.
\grfef kuntc prcvçvfo quf cs ighhgonstgs ernståcs acrgk
jnrftgkfbtf nkponegjcs bg trgbsknssåc jf ukg `frgbíg
fsctîrneg ernstå quf gsscengk nbtnkgkfbtf ukg mbcsf sferftg
ìs prçtnegs rntugns nbtfrbgs. Fssfs nbnengjcs, eogrc quf Ernståcs,

6<
 hgsfgvgk sfus trghgo`cs schrf ecb`fenkfbtcs hfk jnafrfbtfs
jcs jcmkgs pôhonecs nkpcstcs pfoc pcjfr feofsnçstnec jf
Xckg. @fnbrne` Ecrbfonus Gmrnppg vcb Bfttfs`fnk (7:01 -
7656) f c Jr. @fnbrne` I`ubrgt` (761< - 71<6) såc jcns hcbs
fxfkpocs jg fxnstäbeng jfssg trgjníåc fsctîrneg. Eckc sf pcjf
 vfr bcs onvrcs kçmnecs fserntcs pcr Gmrnppg, gs gbtnmgs
trgjníöfs prî-ernstås såc ecb`fenjgs f utnonzgjgs. Fstf, pcr
fxfkpoc, båc pgrfef agzfr rfgokfbtf jnafrfbíg fbtrf gs gbtnmgs
jnvnbjgjfs f cs bckfs jnvnbcs `fhrgnecs.
 Gs prgbe`gs snkhõonegs jc Gkp`nt`fgtruk Ugpnfbtngf
 Gftfrbgf fserntc pcr @fnbrne` I`ubrgt` fk 76>6 fståc bc
ecrgíåc jg trgjníåc quf î trgbskntnjg bg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg
jg Xcsg-Eruz. Goîk jnssc, såc fbsnbgjgs bcs Egpëtuocs jf
bcssg Crjfk.
Vkg jgs kgns eîofhrfs noustrgíöfs (utnonzgjg eckc fofkfbtc jf
prçtneg, bc egpëtuoc = jf « o'GHE jf Ighhgof E`rîtnfbbf ¹ jf
 Dfgb-Ocuns JF HNGUN, Fj Mrgbe`fr) rfprfsfbtg ukg rcsg jf
ouz pcsnencbgjg bc efbtrc jf ukg eruz. Fssg mrgvurg kgmbëaneg
fstç bc efbtrc jg trgjníåc jf bcssg Crjfk. G gbçonsf jfssg
 vfrjgjfnrg kgbjgog rfvfog ukg rfprfsfbtgíåc enreuogr jg
 Çrvcrf jg Qnjg ighhgonstneg pcjfbjc sfr rfecb`fenjg eckc g
prnkfnrg f g kgns eckpoftg ubnåc fbtrf g Ighhgog `fhrgneg f g
Ighhgog ernstå.
Bgjg jfssf prcaubjc snkhconskc fstç prfsfbtf bgs
puhonegíöfs jf Dc`gbb Qgofbtnb Gbjrfgf. G crnmfk f c
chdftnvc jcs tfxtcs quf fof puhonecu pgrfefk sfr jf bgturfzg
jnafrfbtf. Eckc dç jnssfkcs gbtfrncrkfbtf, fof acn uk pgstcr
gofkåc. Fof puhonecu fssfs kgbnafstcs uk sîeuoc jfpcns jc
kcvnkfbtc jf Xfacrkg jf Outfrc (767=). Cutrg jf sugs chrgs
gprfsfbtg ukg vnsåc njfgo jc ernstngbnskc snkhconzgjg pcr ukg
enjgjf eck c bckf jf Ernstngbõpcons. Fbtåc pgrfef quf sfu
prcpõsntc acn utnonzgr g Xcsg-Eruz pgrg gprfsfbtgr gc kubjc
sugs njfngs schrf g rfonmnåc, g anocscang f g scenfjgjf. Î
trgjnencbgo usgr gofmcrngs fk puhonegíöfs tåc jnserftgs. Cs
sëkhcocs goquëknecs onmgjcs g gomubs pcjfrcscs kntcs
aubjgjcrfs jfrgk bgsenkfbtc g ukg erngíåc quf uotrgpgssg

67
 sfus erngjcrfs. E`rnstngb Xcsfbirfuz sf tcrbcu c pgn këtnec jg
argtfrbnjgjf, gc kfskc tfkpc Kfstrf nouknbgjc f nkcrtgo jg
 Zrgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz.
Jfpcns jfssf pfrëcjc, g trgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz fbecbtrcu jcns
kfncs prnbenpgns jf fxprfssåc4
7- G Xcsg-Eruz kgíúbneg.
8- Cs mrupcs jg Xcsg-Eruz kfjnfvgo argbefsg.

 G Xcsg-Eruz jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg

Ighhgonstneg jg
Xcsg-Eruz
Eckc dç gssnbgogkcs genkg, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-
Eruz î g prnkfnrg Crjfk Xcsg-Eruz g tfr snjc crmgbnzgjg bg
frg kcjfrbg, kgns fxgtgkfbtf fk 7000.
Fstg vfk jcs mrupcs jg Xcsg-Eruz kfjnfvgo argbefsg.
 Qçrngs sfíöfs jfssf sntf nbtfrbft kfbencbgk c quf acn fssg
trgjníåc. Qgkcs ofkhrgr hrfvfkfbtf sugs egrgetfrëstnegs kgns
nkpcrtgbtfs.
7- G mbcsf crnmnbgo4 Gs
crnmnbgo4 Gs ecrrfbtfs mbõstnegs crnmnbgns sf
pfrpftugrgk gpfsgr jg cpcsníåc jc pcjfr rfonmncsc ernståc
canengo. Fofs rfsuotgrgk bc jfsfbvcovnkfbtc jf ukg acrtf
euoturg këstneg bc Uuo jg Argbíg ecb`fenjc pfoc bckf jf
Egtgrnskc. Cs Xcsg-Eruz jf bcssg Crjfk jc sîeuoc 7>
nbtfmrgrgk cutrgs bcíöfs mbõstnegs jfrnvgjgs jgs jfsechfrtgs
grqufcoõmnegs f rfvfogíöfs fspnrntugns. @cdf fk jng g Crjfk
Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz ecbtnbucu fssg chrg sf hgsfgbjc
bcs fvgbmfo`cs, trgtgjcs f rntcs mbõstnecs pfrtfbefbtfs g fssg
kfskg trgjníåc.
8- G Egvgogrng Efofstf4
Efofstf4 Jurgbtf g njgjf kîjng sf jfsfbvcovfu
ukg acrkg jf egvgogrng kcrgo ecocegbjc cs njfgns fspnrntugns
genkg jcs eckhgtfs aësnecs. G huseg jc Mrggo î g rfprfsfbtgíåc
snkhõoneg kgns ecb`fenjg f rfprfsfbtg uk jcs gspfetcs
fssfbengns jf bcssg trgjníåc.

68
5- Cs trcvgjcrfs4 Cs trcvgjcrfs jc Uuo jg Argbíg
jfsfbvcovfrgk ukg acrkg fspfeëaneg eck c chdftnvc jf sf
fofvgr gc jnvnbc pfog ecbtfkpogíåc nbtfrncr jcs knstîrncs
sgmrgjcs. Jfvf sfr ofkhrgjg g nkpcrtèbeng aubjgkfbtgo jc
kgns gbtnmc rckgbef jfssg îpceg quf tfk c bckf jf «
rckgbef jg rcsg ¹. Fk vçrncs bëvfns, fssf gspfetc jg trgjníåc
Xcsg-Eruz fstç onmgjc ì egvgogrng efofstf.
5- G Ighhgog Ernstå4
Ernstå4 Cs ighhgonstgs ernståcs jc anbgo jg Njgjf
Kîjng f jc Xfbgsenkfbtc rfubnrgk gs jnkfbsöfs tfcoõmneg,
këstneg f kçmneg fk sug trgbsknssåc. Fssf gspfetc î
eogrgkfbtf vnsëvfo fk efrtcs mrgus jc pfreursc nbnençtnec.
:- C ceuotnskc4
ceuotnskc4 Cs ceuotnstgs jc sîeuoc 7>, gssnk eckc
Utgbnsogs Jf Mugntg, \gpus pgrg entgr gomubs, gsscengrgk ì
bcssg trgjníåc uk ecbdubtc jf prçtnegs psëqunegs jf nbtfrfssf
tctgokfbtf bctçvfo. Fofs pfrkntnrgk g egjg nbnengjc prcssfmunr
uk vfrjgjfnrc trfnbgkfbtc psëqunec fk pfrafntg gsscengíåc
eck cs mrgus prgtnegjcs.
Fssf ecbdubtc crmgbnzgjc jf kgbfnrg ecfrfbtf pcr gbcs jf
trghgo`c ecbstntun g egrgetfrëstneg fssfbengo jg kgns gbtnmg
trgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz.

65
6:
C KGXZNBNUKC f g
C.I.X.E.
 Gomubs kfsfs gpõs tfr erngjc g Crjfk
Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, cu sfdg,
kgns jf vnbtf f qugtrc gbcs gpõs g
kcrtf jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb, \gpus f
E`ghcsfgu, gkhcs kfkhrcs jg
jnrfíåc jg Crjfk jfsechrnrgk quf
`gvngk rfefhnjc ukg anongíåc quf rfkcbtgvg gc eîofhrf
tfõscac.
\gpus ganrkcu tfr snjc nbnengjc fk 7008 gc mrgu jf U.N. «
Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc ¹ pcr @fbrn Jfoggmf quf rfnvnbjnecu ukg
onmgíåc jnrftg eck Ugnbt-Kgrtnb pfoc snstfkg jf « onvrfs
nbnengíöfs ¹. Wugbtc g E`ghcsfgu, sug anongíåc o`f `gvng snjc
trgbskntnjg pcr sug tng Gkîonf jf Hcnssf-Kcrtfkgrt. Gkhcs
jfenjnrgk sf nbnengr kutugkfbtf f nkfjngtgkfbtf nbacrkgrgk
gcs cutrcs rfspcbsçvfns jg Crjfk. \gpus f E`ghcsfgu
ecbafrnrgk fssg nbnengíåc fssfbengokfbtf fspnrntugo jf Ocuns-
Eogujf jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb ì Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz.
Eckc jfeogrcu Jfoggmf, fog acn kgtfrngonzgjg sckfbtf pcr «
jugs oftrgs f gomubs pcbtcs ¹.
Nkfjngtgkfbtf ecbsenfbtf jg rnqufzg jfssg `frgbíg, g Crjfk
jfu uk ecrpc g fssg trgbsknssåc g gsscengbjc ì nbnengíåc jf «
Anoõscac Jfsecb`fenjc ¹ jc snstfkg kgíúbnec jf @.-Z. jf
 Zse`cujn. Jfpcns fssg efrnkúbng jf « Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc ¹ sf
tcrbcu c mrgu prfonknbgr jg Crjfk. G vfrsåc kgíúbneg quf
frg crnmnbgokfbtf fssfbengokfbtf snkhõoneg acn gssnk gtnvgjg
pfocs ecb`fenkfbtcs cpfrgtnvcs jcs kfkhrcs jg Crjfk. G
Fstrfog Aogkfdgbtf acn fbtåc egpgz jf nrrgjngr pofbgkfbtf jf
bcvc.
 G pgrtnr jfssf kckfbtc, tcjc bcvc kfkhrc jg Crjfk
Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz jfvfrng prnkfnrc sfr rfefhnjc
Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc, Gjfptc jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb.

66
Fssf prnkfnrc mrgu jf U4. N4. ecbstntun c aubjgkfbtc kcrgo f
fspnrntugo jg Crjfk. Fof î c prî-rfqunsntc.

 Qgkcs ofkhrgr quf Ocuns-Eogujf jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb

Ugnbt-Kgrtnb aubjcu ukg
"pfqufbg fsecog fk \grns" gomubs gbcs gpõs g kcrtf jf sfu
kfstrf Kgrtnbàs jf \gsqugooy. Fssg scenfjgjf (eckubnjgjf)
tnb`g pcr chdftnvc g fspnrntugonjgjf kgns purg. Fof nbtfmrcu gs
jcutrnbgs jf Kgrtnbfs ìs sugs f nbstgurcu eckc ôbnec mrgu c
jf U4. N4.. Fssf tëtuoc acn ukg rfprnsf jg jfbcknbgíåc jnstnbtnvg
jg jnmbnjgjf suprfkg jcs kfkhrcs jc trnhubgo Uchfrgbc jg
Crjfk jcs Fous-Ec`fbs. Bg kgncrng jgs scenfjgjfs sferftgs
g nbnengíåc sf agzng pcr mrgus. Gqun, Ugnbt-Kgrtnb fseco`fu
nbstgurgr ukg trgbsknssåc gbtfs jf tujc kcrgo f fspnrntugo. Frg
pgrg rfefhfr g e`gvf quf ghrf g pcrtg nbtfrncr jg gokg pfog qugo
sf eckubneg eck gs fsafrgs jc Fspërntc. Bfssgs goturgs,
bfb`ukg ecbjníåc, bfb`uk fstgjc nbtfrkfjnçrnc. Frg
sckfbtf bfefssçrng ukg kgbnafstgíåc jc jfsfdc, uk
eckprckftnkfbtc jg gokg f uk jfspfrtgr jg vfrjgjfnrg
 vcbtgjf.
Cs prnbeëpncs frgk gc kfskc tfkpc njäbtnecs f jnafrfbtfs gcs
jg Crjfk jcs Fous-Ec`fbs. Gs tîebnegs f gs prfpgrgíöfs
rntugns, pcr fxfkpoc, sfkprf acrgk rfogtnvgkfbtf snkpofs bg

61
 fsecog jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb. Fssf ôotnkc ecbsnjfrgvg quf g
prfpgrgíåc î c rfsuotgjc jg vnjg quf sf ofvg nbtfrncr f
fxtfrncrkfbtf. Bfssg vng këstneg, gc ecbtrçrnc jf gomukgs
ftgpgs kçmnegs f tfôrmnegs, î bcssc trghgo`c nbtfrncr jnçrnc,
bcssg "gtntujf kcrgo jf purfzg" quf tckg c oumgr jg
prfpgrgíåc. Nssc snmbnaneg quf tcjgs gs prfpgrgíöfs rntugns såc
nbôtfns pgrg qufk båc prgtneg fssf egknb`c nbtfrncr. Î g ôbneg
ecbjníåc ì gprcxnkgíåc jf ukg vfrjgjfnrg purfzg nbtfrncr.
Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz
sfkprf ecbsnjfrcu fssf mrgu eckc ecbjníåc kcrgo ì acrkgíåc
fkprffbjnjg. Bfssf egsc båc frg bfefssçrnc agzfr ukg Crjfk.
Fssg prnkfnrg ftgpg jf U.N. î, pcrtgbtc, aubjgkfbtgo f
pgrgjcxgokfbtf sõ prfensg jf acrkgíåc tfõrneg këbnkg. Fssf
fstgjc î fspnrntugo f ecbstntun uk egknb`c nbtfrncr nbjfafetëvfo.
Eckc sf pcjf nkgmnbgr quf sf jfvf fstujgr ighhgog, tfcocmng
cu qugoqufr cutrg enäbeng pgrg sf eckprckftfr kcrgokfbtf
fk tgo egknb`c nbtfrncr. C nbtfofetugo bgjg tfk g vfr eck fssf
tnpc jf tckgjg jf ecbsenäbeng.
Fns c quf acn g Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg jgs crnmfbs.
Båc acn gtî \gpus f sfus suefsscrfs quf bgsefu ukg vcbtgjf
jf agzfr jc kgrtnbnskc ukg crjfk fstruturgjg fk mrgus
ofvgbjc ì ôbneg nbnengíåc trgbskntnjg pcr Ugnbt-Kgrtnb, g jf U.N.
(Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc).
 Gomubs gbcs kgns tgrjf, fk 70>7, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg
Xcsg-Eruz pfjnu g \gpus pgrg jfsfbvcovfr g nbnengíåc jf
Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc sch g acrkg jf ukg Crjfk fxtfrncr eudc
pgpfo fssfbengo sfrng g fspnrntugonjgjf f g egvgogrng ernstå. \gpus
fseco`fu fstruturç-og sfmubjc g fsegog kgíúbneg fk träs mrgus.
 G ôbneg nbnengíåc rfgo acn, fvnjfbtfkfbtf, g ôotnkg, g jf U.N.
(Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc). Bfb`ukg gkhnmunjgjf bg knssåc
ecbangjg g \gpus. Zrgtgvg-sf jf pfrkntnr g uk bôkfrc kgncr
jf pfsscgs jfsechrnr c pfbsgkfbtc jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb f
fkprffbjfr c egknb`c kcrgo rfprfsfbtgjc bg acrkg kgns
purg jf egvgogrng ernstå.

6=
Fssg fstruturg jfu ukg pfrfbnjgjf efrtg ì Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg
quf ecbtnbucu g sf jfsfbvcovfr jfpcns jg kcrtf jf \gpus f g
sf rgknanegr sfmunbjc cs egprne`cs jf sug `nstõrng.
Jf sfu ogjc, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, anfo g sfu
egknb`c, ecbtnbug g gefntgr fk sfu sfnc egbjnjgtcs quf dç
tfb`gk rfefhnjc g nbnengíåc jf Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc cu g o`fs
trgbskntf sfmubjc g acrkg crnmnbgo eckc prîvnc g sfu egknb`c
fkprffbjnjc fk sfu sfnc.
C gtugo No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn
rfefhfu c ecbdubtc jf anongíöfs kgrtnbnstgs, c quf agz jg
Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz `cdf fk jng ukg jgs kgns
ofmëtnkgs fk rfogíåc gc Kgrtnbnskc.

60
C CEVOZNUKC
\gpus acn ukg jgs mrgbjfs anmurgs jc quf sf pcjf e`gkgr jf
bfc-ceuotnskc. Uugs nbukfrçvfns chrgs gprfsfbtgk gs
ageuojgjfs ceuotgs jc @ckfk, gs acrígs nbvnsëvfns jg Bgturfzg
f cs kfncs jf utnonzç-ogs.
C ceuotnskc ganrkg g fxnstäbeng jf 'aounjcs' quf kgbnafstgk uk
kubjc nbvnsëvfo bc nbtfrncr jc kubjc vnsëvfo, pfsqunsg gs
gbgocmngs f ecrrfspcbjäbengs fbtrf vnsëvfo f nbvnsëvfo, kgs
tgkhîk fbtrf cs jnvfrscs sfrfs. Fk ecbsfquäbeng, c ceuotnskc
prgtneg, supöf c ecb`fenkfbtc f utnonzgíåc jg kgmng,
gstrcocmng, gjnvnb`gíöfs, kfjnenbg ceuotg f goqunkng.
 Gmrnppg jf Bfttfs`fnk, Fonp`gs Oîvn, \gpus f cs nbnengjcs quf
c efregvgk jfsfbvcovfrgk rntcs f prçtnegs jfstnbgjgs g utnonzgr
fssgs acrígs nbvnsëvfns pgrg c hfk jc gspnrgbtf.
Eckc Gmrnppg fserfvfu4 « G Kgmng, Yc ceuotnskc, g anocscang
ceuotg[ î ukg ageuojgjf quf tfk uk mrgbjf pcjfr, e`fnc jf
kuntcs knstîrncs ofvgbtgjcs, f quf fbefrrg uk mrgbjf
ecb`fenkfbtc jgs ecnsgs kgns sferftgs, sug bgturfzg, pctäbeng,
qugonjgjf, suhstèbeng, fafntcs, jnafrfbíg f rfogíåc4 jf cbjf
prcjuz sfus fafntcs kgrgvno`cscs pfog ubnåc f gponegíåc quf
agz jgs jnvfrsgs vnrtujfs jcs sfrfs supfrncrfs eck gs jcs
nbafrncrfs. (...) G Zfcocmng bcs agz ecb`fefr c quf î Jfus, c
quf såc cs Gbdcs, Nbtfonmäbengs, Jgnkcbs, Gokg, \fbsgkfbtc,
Xfonmnåc... g vnrtujf jgs pgogvrgs f jgs anmurgs, gs cpfrgíöfs
sferftgs f snbgns knstfrncscs ¹.
\grg rfsuknr pcjfkcs jnzfr quf cs prnbeëpncs ceuotnstgs sf
hgsfngk fk 5 pcbtcs prnbenpgns4
7- Aounjcs f fspërntcs4 C ceuotnskc sf hgsfng schrf g erfbíg fk
uk kubjc nbvnsëvfo jf aounjcs cu fspërntcs quf gmfk,
nberustgjcs bc kubjc vnsëvfo jg kgtîrng f jcs fvfbtcs
crjnbçrncs. C kgmc ecb`fef f kgbnpuog gs "vnrtujfs ceuotgs"4
nbaouäbeng jcs gstrcs, g acríg jcs scbs cu g gíåc ceuotg jcs
sëkhcocs, cu cs mäbncs jcs oumgrfs, fspërntcs jg aocrfstg...

6>
 8- Unkpgtngs f gbtnpgtngs4 Cs chdftcs fbtrgk fk rfogíöfs jf
snkpgtng f gbtnpgtng, nstc î, jf gknzgjf cu `cstnonjgjf quf c
kgmc jfvf ecb`fefr f pcjf utnonzgr. C tfxtc prnbenpgo î fstf,
jf Cstgbfs c Kgmc4 « g bgturfzg fk tgo egsc fbegbtg g bgturfzg,
g bgturfzg fk tgo egsc jcknbg g bgturfzg, g bgturfzg fk tgo
egsc î vfbenjg pfog bgturfzg. ¹ C ëkå f c afrrc fståc fk
snkpgtng (fofs sf « fbegbtgk ¹). « C gbnkgo gbtnpçtnec jc
hgsëonec Yukg sfrpfbtf[ î g jcbnb`g, jg qugo fog båc supcrtg
bfk c cjcr bfk g vnsåc ¹.
5- Gbgocmngs f ecrrfspcbjäbengs4 G jcutrnbg aubjgkfbtgo jc
ceuotnskc î g jgs gbgocmngs f ecrrfspcbjäbengs. Fxnstfk
rfogíöfs jf njfbtnjgjf snkhõoneg fbtrf c kubjc fspnrntugo f c
kubjc kgtfrngo, vfrtnegokfbtf, jc gotc gtî fk hgnxc, f,
`crnzcbtgokfbtf, fbtrf cs jnvfrscs fofkfbtcs jf egjg kubjc,
fspnrntugo cu kgtfrngo. C tfxtc prnbenpgo gqun pfrkgbfef g
 Zçhug jf Fskfrgojg jf @frkfs Zrnskfmnstc4 « C quf fstç fk
hgnxc eckc c quf fstç bc gotc, c quf fstç bc gotc î eckc c quf
fstç fk hgnxc, pgrg agzfr cs knogmrfs jf ukg sõ ecnsg. ¹ \cr
fxfkpoc, fxnstf ukg gbgocmng, njfbtnjgjf jf fstruturg fbtrf
Jfus (bc gotc) f c Uco (fk hgnxc), fbtrf c Kubjc
(kgercecskc) f c @ckfk (knercecskc), f ecrrfspcbjäbengs,
fqunvgoäbengs, ecrrfogíöfs, agknongrnjgjfs fbtrf c rfnbc knbfrgo
jc Kubjc f cs jc @ckfk, fbtrf c Uco f c co`c jnrfntc...
C mrupc jf onvrcs quf geghgkcs jf entgr, (Gmrnppg, Fonp`gs
Ofvn, \gpus) såc gssubtc jf fbsnbgkfbtcs. Gs e`gvfs quf såc
fbecbtrgjgs såc prgtnegjgs sch g prctfíåc jg fmrîmcrg.
Î jfssg kgbfnrg quf c nbnengjc pcjfrç prcmrfjnr eck faneçeng,
fa neçeng,
utnonzgbjc tcjcs cs pcjfrfs sgmrgjcs quf gs pctäbengs efofstfs
ecocegrgk fk sug gokg.

1<
ZFCOCMNG F ONZVXMNG
 G kgncrng jcs Mrgbjf \gtrngregs jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg
Xcsg-Eruz rfefhfrgk gs crjfbgíöfs jg trgjníåc ernstå fk
suefssöfs gpcstõonegs nbecbtfstçvfns. Gomubs jfofs frgk, goîk
jnssc, rfspcbsçvfns pcr eckubnjgjfs rfonmncsgs pcr uk hck
bôkfrc jf gbcs.
 Zcjgvng, î hck ofkhrgr quf g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-
Eruz båc agz sfmrfmgíåc rfonmncsg f gefntg egbjnjgtcs qugnsqufr
quf sfdgk sugs erfbígs. Ecbtujc, ukg Crjfk nbnençtneg quf
trgbskntf g trgjníåc fsctîrneg ernstå sfkprf ecbsnjfrcu quf c
fbsnbgkfbtc jg tfcocmng î aubjgkfbtgo.
Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf cs eurscs ì jnstèbeng ecbtäk, jfsjf c
prnkfnrc gbc, ukg pgrtf quf fbsnbg g tfcocmng. Cs jceukfbtcs
utnonzgjcs bfssfs eurscs såc jcs grqunvcs `nstõrnecs jcs qugns
c Mrgbjf \gtrngreg X+E gtugo î jfpcsntçrnc. Gomubs väk jf
cutrgs pgrtfs jgs Crjfbs jc Zfkpoc, `cdf jfsgpgrfenjgs.
 Gpõs gomubs gbcs f qugbjc cs aubjgkfbtcs acrgk gjqunrnjcs,
cs fstujcs tfcoõmnecs kgns gvgbígjcs såc cafrfenjcs gcs
nbnengjcs. Fssfs jfsfbvcovfk jf kgbfnrg gprcaubjgjg gomubs
pcbtcs jcutrnbçrncs nkpcrtgbtfs, gssnk eckc jcs tfõocmcs quf
båc sf pcjf nmbcrgr gs chrgs.
Jfvf anegr eogrc quf båc onkntgkcs fssf fstujc ì tfcocmng
egtõoneg. Gc ecbtrçrnc, fssfs fbsnbgkfbtcs nbeoufk c quf c
pcjfr tfkpcrgo jg Nmrfdg egtõoneg qugonanecu jf `frfsngs. Fssf î
uk pcbtc aubjgkfbtgo quf ubf c fstujc f g prçtneg jg mbcsf.
\grgofogkfbtf g fssf fstujc nbtfofetugo, g onturmng rfprfsfbtg g
pgrtf vnsëvfo sf fxprfssgbjc bgs efrnkúbngs. C ecb`fenkfbtc
jcs chdftcs snkhõonecs utnonzgjcs bcs rntcs, cs mfstcs f
 vfstnkfbtgs rntugns, såc aubjgkfbtgns pgrg uk nbnengjc. Fssf
fbsnbgkfbtc î trgbskntnjc pfoc nbtfrkîjnc jf eurscs f onvrcs
acrbfenjcs gcs kfkhrcs jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz
eckc pgrtf jf sfu pfreursc nbnençtnec.

17
Fssg pgrtf jc gprfbjnzgjc fstç fbtåc fstrfntgkfbtf onmgjg gcs
sgefrjõencs ecbafrnjcs eckc pgrtf jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf
Nfse`cug` f bc mrgu jf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz.
Fssf ecbdubtc ecfrfbtf pfrkntnrç gc nbnengjc sf dubtgr gc
ecrgíåc jg gutäbtneg trgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz f rfgonzgr sug knssåc
bc eëreuoc jcs Xcsg-Eruz.

18
CU MXGBJF \GZXNGXEGU X+E
 Qnsecbjf Ocuns E`grofs Îjcugrj
Îjcugrj jf
Ogpgssf
(7=>8-701=)
C Qnsecbjf Îjcugrj jf Ogpgssf acn uk mrgbjf jcutcr jf
 Zcuocussf jc sîeuoc pgssgjc, ecbtujc, sf prceurgrç fk våc
sfu bckf bg chrg jf \`nonppf ]coaa4 "C pcvc jf Zcuocusf bg
`nstõrng".
Jf gbtnmg bchrfzg fspgb`cog, sfus gbefstrgns sf nbstgogrgk bc
sujcfstf ì pgrtnr jc sîeuoc PNNN f fstgvgk gc sfrvníc jcs
ecbjfs jf Acnx.
Ocuns E`grofs Fjcugrj bgsefu fk 87 jf dgbfnrc jf 7=>8, sug
kåf frg ukg Egrjgnooge, gong-sf gc kgrquäs jf Cskcbj,
fkhgnxgjcr jc Xfn fk Ocbjrfs.
Ocuns afz sfus fstujcs bc onefu jf Hcrjfgux jfpcns sfu jnrfntc
fk Zcuocusf, kgs î gpgnxcbgjc pfog pcfsng. Bc fbtgbtc, fof
sf fbvcovf fk ukg egrrfnrg knontgr fbtrgbjc bg eckpgb`ng jcs
egvgofnrcs onmfnrcs jc Xfn fk 707:.
\foc nbtfrkîjnc jf K. j'Cskcbj, fof sf tcrbcu sferftçrnc jg
fkhgnxgjg f eck fssf tëtuoc vngdcu pcr tcjg g Furcpg4 Ocbjrfs
(7076), @gbcvfr (7070) Hfrbg (708:).
Efrtgkfbtf fof ecb`fefu rcsgeruzfs bg Gofkgb`g (onmgjcs gc
hgråc Qcb Feigrts`gusfb) f pcr sug rfeckfbjgíåc acn jnrnmnjc
g \gofrkc (7057) pgrg c prëbenpf Hgohngbn quf c nbnencu bc
`frkftnskc jcs Xcsg-Eruz. Hgohngbn fbtåc kuntc njcsc `gvng
ecb`fenjc pfsscgokfbtf Egmoncstrc. Fof tfvf gefssc ìs
hnhonctfegs jcs ghgjfs jf Og Egvg, jf Kcbtf Egssnbc f jf
Kcbtrfgo.
Jf vcotg ì Argbíg, Jf Ogpgssf tfvf ecb`fenkfbtc jcs
grqunvcs jcs Xcsg-Eruz jg Argbíg9 fof pcjf sf agknongrnzgr

15
 eck gs chrgs jf \grgefosc, Qgb @fokcbt, Xchfrt Aoujj, jf
Jgvnj jf \ogbns-Egkpy.
\grgofogkfbtf fof fstujcu kfjnenbg bg ageuojgjf jf \grns. Fof
jfu kuntg nkpcrtèbeng ì fsecog jf Ugofrbc f ì fsecog jf
Kcbtpfoonfr (vfr Grbguj jf Qnoofbfuvf). Kgs bubeg chtfvf c
jnpockg.
Vk dcrbgonstg ofmntnkgjcr jc tfkpc pgrg cs dcrbgns "Of
rîbcvgtfur" cu "Og quctnjnfbbf", fof arfqufbtcu cs sgoöfs jg
ecbjfssg jf Hcnmbf f tfvf gtrntc eck K. jf Xîkusgt. Jfpcns
fk 70:8, vfnc g fxfrefr mrgtuntgkfbtf sfus eunjgjcs kîjnecs
fk Zcuocusf. Fof nrng eurgr g fpnofpsng, tuhfreuocsf f cs
rfukgtnskcs.
Fof puhonecu chrgs kuntc nkpcrtgbtfs fspfengokfbtf schrf g
grtf jf ecbsfrvgr g vnjg pfoc kgncr tfkpc pcssëvfo. Uchrf g
`nmnfbf f g tfrgpäutneg pgrg cs pchrfs.
Fof sf tcrbcu c kgbtfbfjcr jcs dcmcs aocrgns f prfsnjfbtf jg
scenfjgjf jf grqufcocmng jf Zcuocusf. Fof tgkhîk sf
nbtfrfsscu pfog gmrneuoturg f fserfvfu bukfrcsgs chrgs schrf g
pcfsng, rckgbefs, fstujcs pcoëtnecs f anocsõanecs,
a nocsõanecs, fspfengokfbtf
ukg "Ansncocmng jgs bgíöfs".
Fk 7016, acn pcr pcuec tfkpc ecbsfo`fnrc kubnenpgo jf
 Zcuocusf.
Fof kcrrfu fk 701= bc egstfoc jf Oussge eck K. jf
Kcbtfsquncu.
Fof tfvf ukg ano`g, Hogbe`f jf sug fspcsg bgsenjg Ogmgrjf, quf
qu f
kcrrfu bc ofntc f tfvf g jcr jf pfrjfr fssf ano`c ôbnec pcuec
jfpcns quf sf egscu eck K. jf og Hcurjcbbgyf.
Fns fk quf tfrkcs c prëbenpf Hgohngbn tfrng ecbangjc gc
 Qnsecbjf jf Ogpgssf schrf g argtfrbnjgjf jcs Xcsg-Eruz (5)4
"fu pgssc pcr sfr Xcsg-Eruz f, eckc tgo, kf tckgk pcr
Kgíck. Î uk frrc. G Argbec kgícbgrng jfu g uk jf sfus
mrgus g jfbcknbgíåc jf Xcsg Eruz. (:)

1:
Cs prcagbcs ecbaubjfk cs kgícbs jfssg "jnmbnjgjf
tfbfhrcsg", eck cs nrkåcs jg Xcsg-Eruz eudg nbstntuníåc
rfkcbtg gc sîeuoc PQ. C vuomgr sf fbmgbg. Cs vfrjgjfnrcs
Xcsg-Eruz fståc goîk jgs gsscengíöfs kgíúbnegs."....
"Cs gbtnmcs Xcsg-Eruz sf e`gkgvgk fbtrf fofs cs
"Fjfop`fs"…tnvfrgk quf kgbtfr sch durgkfbtc sug jcutrnbg
ceuotg gcs co`cs jc vuomgr... Fofs tnb`gk fbecbtrgjc uk bcvc
njnckg pgrg fxprfssgr g bgturfzg jcs sfrfs... fofs sf
eckprckftfrgk g sf gprfssgr gc Xfnbc \urc...".

7 - G hncmrgang jc vnsecbjf Ocuns-E`grofs-Fjcugrj jf Ogpgssf

acn trgígjg pfoc ecbjf Afrbgbj jf Xfssîmunfr, Îocmf jf K. c
 vnsecbjf jf Ogpgssf, Dfux Aocrgux, Zcuocusf, 701>, mrçaneg
Jcuogjcurf.
8 - Gssnk ìs vfzfs sf e`gkgvgk cs Xcsg-Eruz jfsjf quf
Egmoncstrc fk sug "kfkõrng ecbtrg c \rceurgjcr Mfrgo"
qugonanecu jf "bchrf f vngdgbtf, pgssgmfnrc f agzfbjc c hfk"
(vfr g tukhg jf Aofury fk Xfbbfs-ofs-Hgnbs).
5 - Fbsgnc schrf g ecbsfrvgíåc jg vnjg, \grns 701<, Qnetcr
Kgsscb
: - Anrknb Hcnssnb, fk 701>, fk Qnsncbçrncs f nouknbgjcs, \grns
Onfpkgbbssc`b ft Juacur
6 - C 70´, c jf Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz

Anrknb Hcnssnb
(7056- 70>5)
Anrknb Hcnssnb bgsefu fk Qfrbcb pfrtc jf Dcyfusf, fk
 Grjàe`f, fk7= jf jfzfkhrc jf 7056.
Jfpcns jg fsecog prnkçrng, fof afz sfus fstujcs sfeubjçrncs bc
pfqufbc sfknbçrnc jf Guhfbgs f bc sfknbçrnc jf Qnvnfrs. Fof
chtfvf ukg onefbengturg fk oftrgs bg ubnvfrsnjgjf jf
Kcbtpfoonfr, fbsnbcu mrgkçtneg fk Egvgnoocb f fk Gvnmbcb,

16
jfpcns pgsscu gomuk tfkpc bg Fspgb`g cbjf mgb`gvg g vnjg
eckc fsernvåc pôhonec.

Fof acn g \grns. Fk sfmunjg fof î fkprfmgjc bg hnhonctfeg jc

 Grsfbgo (quf tnb`g fbtåc eckc ecbsfrvgjcr gjknbnstrgjcr
\guo-Kgt`nfu Ogurfbt cu "Ogurfbt jf o'Grjàe`f") cbjf
fserfvfu grtnmcs fk rfvnstgs f dcrbgns f cbjf puhonecu sugs
prnkfnrgs chrgs sch c psfujúbnkc jf Unkcb Hrumgo
(pgtrcbëknec jf sug gvõ kgtfrbg).
Fk 701>, eck 5: gbcs, fof fserfvfu bc "Ecurrnfr jf Xcufb"
f fk 70=7 sf tcrbcu rfjgtcr jc "Kfssgmfr jf Zcuocusf".
Fkhcrg g kgncr pgrtf jf sug egrrfnrg sf pgsscu fk Zcuocusf,
fof pfrkgbfefu onmgjc ì sug rfmnåc bgtgo, Qnvgrgns, schrf g qugo
fserfvfu vçrncs rckgbefs `nstõrnecs, fk quf c kgns ecb`fenjc
î Dgb jf og Oubf, rckgbef `nstõrnec fvcegbjc g
ecbtrgrrfvcouíåc fk Qnvgrgns, puhonegjc fk 70==. G `nstõrng
sf jfsfbrcog fk pgrtf bg aocrfstg jf \gnconvf f ecocecu fk efbg
oumgrfs hfk rfgns f ecb`fenjcs jf tcjcs4 G Mofyzgssf,
Ecrbnoocb, Ugnbt-Fumàbf, fte. Kgs g fserntg rckgbfseg o`f
ecbafrnu ukg acríg jrgkçtneg quf sf fstfbjfu fk jfserníöfs
agzfbjc gpfoc gc nkgmnbçrnc. Oumgr jf rftnrgjg f fsecbjfrndc
tfkpcrçrnc pgrg cs ecbtrgrrfvcouencbçrncs jf Dgofs, anîns gc
ecbjf jf Ugnoogbs. Egvfrbgs f ghrnmcs trcmocjntgs sfrvnrgk
arfqufbtfkfbtf jf ghrnmc ìs pcpuogíöfs pfrsfmunjgs, g
mgbmufs grkgjgs f eogbjfstnbcs4
" G Mofyzgssf î ukg mrutg ocbmg jf juzfbtcs pîs, ogrmg jf
trnbtg, f gotg jf sfssfbtg, eudgs pgrtfs supfrncrfs sf dubtgk fk
cmnvg f acrkgk ghõhgjg, c quf o`f jç c gspfetc jf ukg bgvf
jf nmrfdg f mgb`cu sfu bckf. Fssg bgvf tfk jugs ghfrturgs4
ukg kfrmuo`g fk hgogbíc schrf c E`gssfzge9 g cutrg ofvg g
uk egknb`c fsegvgjc bc egoeçrnc... "
 Zgkhîk tfvf ukg egrrfnrg jf erëtnec ontfrçrnc.
Fk 700=, fof acn fofntc Kgbtfbfjcr jg Gegjfkng jcs Dcmcs
Aocrgns jf Zcuocusf (scenfjgjf ontfrçrng aubjgjg fk Zcuocusf

11
 bg Njgjf Kîjng, sfk jôvnjg g kgns gbtnmg jc kubjc
cenjfbtgo).
Fof tgkhîk acn kfkhrc jg Crjfk jg Xcsg-Eruz. \rncr jf
 Zcuocusf f Eckfbjgjcr jg Crjfk, rfefhfu fk sugs anofnrgs
fk 7060 Gjrnfb \îogjgb, kîjnec `ckfcpgtg f nrkåc jf
 Dcsîp`nb \îogjgb.
Arîjîrne Hcnssnb kgbtfvf ukg agrtg ecrrfspcbjäbeng eck sug
prnkg, Egknoof Qnfoagurf quf acn jfputgjg jf Grjfe`f (7007-
700>).
Afrnjc eck ukg jcfbíg ceuogr, Anrknb Hcnssnb sf rftnrcu fk
 Grjfe`f cbjf kcrrfu fk 70>5 eck g njgjf jf 60 gbcs.

701=4 Cpnbnåc jf uk egtõonec schrf gs njfngs jf Kgjgkf

 Guhrgy, \grns
70104 Bcsscs prfmgjcrfs (Xftrgtcs f sno`uftgs), \grns,
70104 Fstujcs grtëstnecs4 Ugoåc jf 7010
701>4 Cs prfsfbtfs jc pcbtc jf vnstg snkhõonec, Crofgbs
701>4 Qnsncbçrncs f nouknbgjcs
70=64 Xfpcusc jg Hrntèbneg \grns, \guo Jgaanb, Onhrgnrf-
Îjntfur, Xuf Muîbîmguj.
70104 G chrg jf uk erfbtf onvrf, \grns & Zcuocusf.
70=04 C Qnvgrgns f c @frjfnrc bcs Dcmcs Aocrgns jf Zcuocusf.
70=>4 Arîjîrne Knstrgo f cs Aîonhrfs
70054 G Dgequfrnf bc Qnvgrgns jf 7=0> g 7=>5 (Unkcb Hrumgo)
70054 Vk fpnsõjnc jg Xfvcouíåc bc Hgs-Qnvgrgns
70064 Cs egkpcs jf Dgoàs
700=4 Dgb jf og Oubf
70004 C egkpcbäs bg ontfrgturg ecbtfkpcrèbfg

1=
700>4 G Ensåc ecbstntuencbgo bc Grjàe`f. Ogacbt-Ugvnbf, hnspc
durgjc jf Qnvnfrs (Unkcb Hrumgo)
70><4 Fxeäbtrnecs Jfsgpgrfenjcs

Nrkåcs \fogjgb
 Gjrnfb \fogjgb (70:: ― 7006) ― Dcsfp`nb \fojgb (7060
(7060 ― 7>70)

Hncmrgang ercbcoõmneg jc Jcutcr Gjrnfb \fogjgb pfoc Jr

Xchfrt Uîrcr.
70:: - Bgsenkfbtc fk Bnkfs, Mgrj, Ar. fk 70 jf dub`c.
701> (86 gbcs) - Fstujcs bg Ageuojgjf jf Kfjnenbg jf
Kcbtpfoonfr.
701> (86 gbcs) - tfsf fk Oycb4 Zrgtgkfbtc `ckfcpçtnec jg
fspfrkgtcrrîg, jg prcstgtcrrfg, jg `npfrsferfíåc jgs moèbjuogs
 vuovc-vgmnbgns f jf jnvfrsgs acrkgs jfssgs gafeíöfs. \grns, Nb
0, >0 pçmnbgs.
70=6 (57 gbcs) - Fof aubjcu ukg rfvnstg4 G @ckfcpgtng jgs
agkëongs f jcs kîjnecs.
70=0 (5: gbcs) - \uhonecu fk Hgnoonàrf4 Zrgtgkfbtc `frcnec jcs
eçoeuocs rfbgns pcr kfnc jf kfjnegkfbtcs fspfeëanecs
(Hgnoonàrf, 70=0).
7006 (:7 gbcs) - Kcrtf
Fu entc kfu gknmc, c Jr. Convnfr Xghgbfs4
…." Uug kcrtf î uk fpnsõjnc trçmnec jg jnstrnhuníåc jf
kfjnegkfbtcs `ckfcpçtnecs pcr uk kîjnec4 \fogjgb fbmcof
ukg trnturgíåc jf fstrnebnbg fk 7¼ jfenkgo pgrg tfstgr jngbtf
jf uk jcfbtf. Fof kcrrf nkfjngtgkfbtf.
Vkg ecbtrcvîrsng sf sfmuf eck c aghrnegbtf4 g agrkçeng ].
Ue`wghf. Fssg pcjf båc tfr tckgjc prfeguíöfs suanenfbtfs

10
 gbtfs jf fbtrfmgr uk tõxnec tåc pcjfrcsc f quf chvngkfbtf
jfvfrng tfr snjc jnouëjc gbtfs jg utnonzgíåc. "
7001 - \uhonegíåc põstukg jf sug chrg4 Gbgtckng `ckcoõmneg.
 G trnpog jugonjgjf
jugonjgjf jc ecrpc `ukgbc
`ukgbc f g pcogrnjgjf
pcogrnjgjf jcs õrmåcs
fspoèbebnecs (Hgnoonàrf, 7001)

C Ugr Kîrcjgei Dcsîp`nb \fogjgb, psfujúbnkc jf Dcsfp`-

 Gnkî \fogjgb (cu \îogjgb), bgsenjc fk Oycb fk 80 jf kgríc
jf 7060, kcrrfu fk Bfunooy-sur-Ufnbf fk 8= jf dub`c jf 7>70,
acn uk fserntcr, erëtnec jf grtf f ceuotnstg argbeäs.

Kgrefoonb Jfshcutnb, Uèr Kîrcjgei Dcsîp`nb \fogjgb (70>7),

kusfu jf hfogs grtfs jf Gbmfrs.
 Qnbjc jf ukg agkëong jf gmrneuotcrfs f eckfrengbtfs, Dcsfp`-
 Gnkî \fogjgb, quf sf jgrç kgns tgrjf c bckf jf Dcsîp`nb, î
ano`c jf Ocuns-Gjrnfb \fogjgb, dcrbgonstg fk G Argbíg ontfrçrng,
aubjgjcr jf G Ufkgbg rfonmncsg f jf Dcsîp`nbf Qgqunfr. Ufu
nrkåc kgns vfo`c, Gjrnfb, auturc kîjnec f frujntc, c nbstrunu
hfk efjc jf tcjcs cs tnpcs jf ecb`fenkfbtc f, jfsjf g
nbaèbeng, vngdg, g Gvnmbcb cu g Bnkfs. Fof kgbnafstcu uk
fspërntc nbjfpfbjfbtf quf c ofvcu g sfr fxpuosc jc onefu pcr
tfr trgtgjc uk prcafsscr jf gtfu, jfpcns jc pfqufbc sfknbçrnc
jf Bnkfs.
Fof fbtrg eckc aubencbçrnc jc erîjntc Agnoofoof fk \grns. Fof
 vngdcu g Xckg f ì Aocrfbíg cbjf anecu gpgnxcbgjc pfoc
Wugttrcefbtc f pcr Ofcbgrjc jg Qnben. Jf vcotg g \grns,
puhonecu ukg bcvfog, C Egknb`c jf Jgkgs, f fbtrg gc Grtnstf
j'Grsàbf @cussgyf, cbjf rfjnmnu erëtnegs jf grtf.
Fk 700:, fbecbtrcu Oîcb Hocy f \guo Hcurmft f fbtusngskcu
 Duofs Hgrhfy j'Gurfvnooy, quf fserfvf c prfaçenc jf sfu
rckgbef, C Qëenc Uuprfkc fk 700:. Fssf onvrc e`fnc jf
rckgbef f ceuotnskc, quf ecoceg fk efbg g outg jf acrígs
sferftgs nkpogeçvfns fk jfstrunr g `ukgbnjgjf, cpöf-sf

1>
 rfscoutgkfbtf gc bgturgonskc jf Tcog, fk quf jnz « fssf
\crec-Tcog, fssf pcrec quf î gc kfskc tfkpc uk gsbc ¹.
Fssf kgbnafstc o`f trgz ukg efofhrnjgjf nkfjngtg gcs 81 gbcs.
 Dfgb Ocrrgnb c gpfonjg « c pfonegbc hrgbec ¹. Fof sf nrrntcu eck
Oîcb Hocy, pgsscu jcns jngs bg prnsåc pcr tfr bfmonmfbengjc jf
rfmuogrnzgr sug sntugíåc knontgr f puhonecu uk mrgbjf bôkfrc
jf tfxtcs nbeounbjc, sfu onvrc kgns ecb`fenjc, Nstgr. Fof sf jç
c tëtuoc jf « Ugr ¹ f jc bckf hghnoúbnec « Kîrcjgei ¹.
\îogjgb, eudc sghfr frg kgns hrno`gbtf quf sõonjc, acn rçpnjc
pgrg fsegpgr jgs jnseussöfs quf c ecocegvgk bg hfronbjg. (...)
Fof fstgvg fbtåc nbtcxnegjc pfoc suefssc jf sfu Qëenc Uuprfkc
Uu prfkc
f pfog eurncsnjgjf quf fof jfspfrtcu bcs sgoöfs, cbjf fof
tfbtgvg agzfr sfbsgíåc. C tëtuoc jf Kgmc båc o`f frg suanenfbtf,
fof sf prckcvfu g Ugr, c quf snmbnaneg Xfn fk gssërnc.
Fof fstgvg pfraukgjc pfocs sftf pfraukfs ecrrfspcbjfbtfs
gcs sftf pogbftgs, kgs c fuegonptc jcknbgvg nkpfrncsgkfbtf.
Vkg mcog ogrmg jf rfbjg sfk mrgvgtg fbvcovng sfu pfsecíc, kgs
kujcu c suanenfbtf pgrg rfefhfr uk mrgbjf huquä jf vncoftgs9
sugs ouvgs jf pfof enbzg tnb`gk hgstöfs kgovg eck rfaofxcs
jcurgjcs.
Fssfs bckfs f prfafräbengs jf vfstuçrnc - « jrgpfgjc fk prftc
qufnkgjc fk pfoc jf egkfoc eck anoftfs eck ancs jf curc, fk
 vfo`c vfoujc gzuo, hctgs jf egkuríg, f, eckc Ghsgocb, jf
eghfocs eckprnjcs Y…[ g hgrhg ubmnjg eck õofc jf efjrc ¹ - ,
agzfk jfof uk govc jf egrnegturnstgs f `ukcrnstgs4 fof î
gpfonjgjc « c Kgmc jf Fpnbgo ¹, c "Ugr dgbtgr eck õofc", «
\ogtåc jc Zfrrgno ¹ cu gnbjg « c Ugr pfjgogbtf ¹. Xcjcop`f Ugons
cusg c erufo « Grtgxfrafssf ¹, quf o`f vgof pfbg jf geusgíåc.
Wugbjc fof sf gpgnxcbg pcr ]gmbfr, fof acn g Hgyrfut` vfstnjc
eck uk `çhntc hrgbec, ukg tôbneg gzuo eîu, uk hghgjc jf
rfbjg f hctgs jf egkuríg, eck uk mugrjg-e`uvg prfsc gc ogjc
pcr uk enbtc jf ckhrc. Uf g vnôvg jf ]gmbfr sf rfeusg g
rfefhä-oc bfssf mrupc, nssc båc c nkpfjf jf puhonegr gs õpfrgs
jf ]gmbfr fk argbeäs eck sugs gbctgíöfs « fk kgtîrng jf
tfrgpäutneg pgrg jfsnbtcxnegr g Argbíg jf sfu kgtfrngonskc ¹.

=<
Ufk agosg kcjîstng fof ganrkcu4 « Fu ecbqunstfn, pcr tgofbtcs,
tgovfz jf mäbnc, c jnrfntc jf kfu pfbsgkfbtc pofbc, nbtfnrc, f
jngbtf jf tcjcs. Fu tfb`c sfns kno bcntfs quf gkgrgk
jnmbgkfbtf g oëbmug argbefsg9 fu pcssc jnzfr tujc fk argbeäs.
Fu scu uk mcvfrbgbtf sfk sudfníåc. ¹

Fk 700= fof aubjcu eck \gpus, quf q uf prcvgvfokfbtf c nbnencu,

f Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg g prnkfnrg ocdg kgrtnbnstg fk \grns,
\ grns, bg rug
\nmgoof.

Acn eck sfu nrkåc Gjrnfb (70::-7006), uk jcs prnkfnrcs

`ckfcpgtgs argbefsfs, quf Dcsîp`nb \fogjgb jfvf sug fbtrgjg
bc rgkc jf Zcuocusf jg Xcsg-Eruz.
Fk 7000, \fogjgb aubjcu eck Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg g Crjfk
Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz quf tgkhîk geco`f \gpus f E`grofs
Hgroft. Entgbjc ukg rfeusg jg kgmng cpfrgtnvg, sf sfpgrcu jc
mrupc fk 70>7 pgrg aubjgr g crjfk jg Xcsg-Eruz egtõoneg f
fstîtneg jc Zfkpoc f jc Mrggo. Fof eckpús g aõrkuog « Gj
Xcsgk pfr Eruefk gj Eruefk pfr Xcsgk, nb fg nb fns
mfkkgtus rfsurmgk - Bcb bchns bcb bchns Jcknbf, sfj
bcknbns tun mocrng scon, Gkfb ¹ (quf nbecrpcrg ukg jnvnsg
tfkpoçrng gjnencbgbjc ukg bctg rcsgeruz (Eckc sf tcrbgr
kgmc (70>8). Fssg aõrkuog sfrç rftckgjg kgns tgrjf pcr
cutrcs kcvnkfbtcs rcsgeruzfs.
Bc gbc sfmunbtf, fof crmgbnzcu c prnkfnrc jcs Ugoöfs jg Xcsg-
Eruz, jf 7< jf kgríc g 7< jf ghrno, bg mgofrng Jurgbj-Xufo 4 «
Bgqufof jng, c njfgo tfvf sfu tfkpoc f sfus egvgofnrcs, f bõs,
Kgeghfus jc Hfoc, ackcs ofvgr g Bctrf-Jgkf, gcs pîs jf
bcssc sfb`cr Dfsus Ernstc, g `ckfbgmfk jc tfkpoc f cs Xcsg-
Eruz sf gdcfo`gbjc. ¹ Yrfa. bfefssçrng[. Acn uk mrgbjf suefssc.
Ufssfbtg grtnstgs pgrtnenpgrgk, goîk jf vçrncs pnbtcrfs f
fseuotcrfs jf tgofbtc (Afrjnbgbj @cjofr, Afrbgbj I`bcpaa,
 Dfgb Jfovnoof, Egrocs Ue`wghf, Gbtcnbf Hcurjfoof). Qnbtf kno
pgrnsnfbsfs f tcjc c \grns kubjgbc f grtëstnec, Utîp`gbf

=7
 Kgoogrkî, Îknof Tcog, \guo Qfrognbf, Mustgvf Kcrfgu, vnfrgk
 vnsntgr, gc sck jc prfoôjnc jf \grsnago f cs scbs jf trckpftf
eckpcstcs pcr Frni Ugtnf. Qçrncs sgoöfs jg Xcsg-Eruz
sfmunrgk jf 70>8 g 70>=. Uf kuntcs goubcs jf Mustgvf Kcrfgu
eckc Mfcrmfs Xcuguot cu cs quf sf tcrbgråc Bghns
pgrtnenpgrgk, gomubs grtnstgs eckc Fjwgrj Hurbf-Dcbfs, \nfrrf
\uvns jf E`gvgbbfs cu Mustgvf Kcrfgu rfeusgrgk c ecbvntf.
Fssfs sgoöfs pfrkgbfefk uk jcs kgncrfs fvfbtcs jg ôotnkg
jîegjg jc sîeuoc PNP, fofs anmurgk g rfbcvgíåc jc njfgonskc
f tfstfkub`c jf ukg tfbjäbeng pgrg c fspnrntugo quf gbnkcu
cs mrgbjfs kcvnkfbtcs jg grtf jc eckfíc jc sîeuoc PP.
\fogjgb gkhnencbgvg fxtnrpgr g afnurg jc kubjc kcjfrbc, sf
cpcbjc gssnk gc kgtfrngonskc gkhnfbtf9 eckc tgo, fof acn uk
pcrtg-vcz jc kcvnkfbtc snkhconstg. Fof rfjnmnu vçrncs
kgbnafstcs quf tfstfkub`gk ukg mrgbjf euoturg grtëstneg f
ukg bctçvfo Xfautgíåc fstîtneg jf Zgnbf quf geckpgb`g sug
chrg prnbenpgo, g Grtf njfgonstg f këstneg (\grns, 70>:).
 Gjvcmgbjc ukg sgergonzgíåc jg grtf f jg vnjg, \fogjgb cptg
jfonhfrgjgkfbtf pcr ukg trgbsafräbeng jc rfonmncsc pgrg g grtf,
bg kgns purg trgjníåc jf Hgujfognrf. Ufu tck, cs sëkhcocs
fseco`njcs pgrg g Xcsg-Eruz, båc pfrtfbefk rfgokfbtf g uk
fsctfrnskc quf acn arfqufbtfkfbtf egrnegturgjc, kgs kcstrgk
ukg vcbtgjf jf sf cpcr gc trnvngo f nbgumurgk ukg prçtneg «
puhonentçrng ¹ quf cs vgbmugrjnstgs fxpocrgrgk
ghubjgbtfkfbtf bg sfquäbeng. Uf \fogjgb utnonzcu uk tck
arfqufbtfkfbtf pcoäknec cu oërnec, rfvfogjcr jf sfu egrçtfr
gpgnxcbgjc, î gc sfrvníc jf ecbvneíöfs snbefrgs f jf ukg
jfafsg jg mrgbjfzg jg grtf quf fof ecbsnjfrgvg prcstntuëjg sch
ukg Zfrefnrg Xfpôhoneg arfqufbtfkfbtf kfregbtnonstg.
Hncmrgang bg ]ninpfjng

=8
Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg
(7017 ― 70>=)
7´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E.
Bgsenjc fk Ocrrgnbf fk 1 jf ghrno jf 7017 bc e`ètfgu
j„Gotfvnoof, pfrtc jf Zgrqunkpco, Utgbnsogs jf Mugãtg vfnc, pcr
pgrtf jf sug kåf, Kgrnf-Gkîonf Mrgbjdfgb, jf ukg agkëong jf
Ocrrgnbf, f pcr sfu pgn, Argbícns-\guo jf Mugntg, jf ukg gbtnmg
agkëong bchrf jf crnmfk Ockhgrjg (Ntçong), fstghfofenjg fk
Ocrrgnbf g pgrtnr jf 70<<. Fof tnb`g c tëtuoc jf Kgrquäs.
Jfsjf c Onefu fk Bgbey, pcr vcotg jf 700<, sf tcrbcu gknmc
jf Kgurnef Hgrràs, quf fof agrç kgns tgrjf sf dubtgr gc
kgrtnbnskc. C prfaçenc jf ukg jgs fjníöfs jf « Bc onkngr jc
knstîrnc ¹ î goîk jnssc, gssnbgjc pcr Kgurnef Hgrràs. G
@nstõrng båc jnz sf cs jcns `ckfbs eckpgrtno`gvgk gs kfskgs
ecbvneíöfs pcoëtnegs4 Hgrràs fvcounu jf agtc jf uk fstftnenskc
nbjnvnjugonstg quf sf rfaoftf hfk fk sfu "euotc jc Fu" g ukg
këstneg bgencbgonstg f egtõoneg jg Zfrrg f jcs kcrtcs, efbtrgjg
schrf c pgtrnctnskc jf Ocrrgnbf f rfpuhonegbc.
Acn bcs fserntcs jf \fogjgb quf Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg fbecbtrcu
sug prnkfnrg pcrtg jf fbtrgjg bc ubnvfrsc jg Zrgjníåc. Jfpcns
jg ofnturg jg chrg jf Îonp`gs Oîvn, g pgrtnr jg qugo fof sf tcrbgrç
eckfbtgrnstg f hgduogjcr, c nbnencu gc knstnenskc ernståc9 Aghrf
j„Convft c crnfbtcu gcs mrgbjfs knstîrncs fk mfrgo f bg oëbmug
`fhrgneg9 f Ugnbt-^vfs j'Govfyjrf c ubnu ì egusg snbçrquneg.
\gpus, prnkfnrc rnjneuogrnzgjc pcr fof pfog fseco`g jf sfu
psfujúbnkc, jfpcns rfghnontgjc, sf tcrbcu uk mrgbjf gknmc.
 Ì ouz jf tcjgs fssgs nbaouäbengs, Mugntg jfafbjfu uk
fspnrntugonskc fxgotgbjc g Zrgjníåc ernstå, quf, mrgígs gc
fvfbtugo fstghfofenkfbtc jg snbgrqung - acrkg njfgo jf mcvfrbc
-, jfvfrng ecbjuznr gc gjvfbtc jc rfnbc jf Jfus. Fk 7000, bc
kfskc fspërntc, aubjcu eck \fogjgb g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg
Xcsg-Eruz, jg qugo nkfjngtgkfbtf \gpus afz pgrtf. Fbtrf cs
kfkhrcs sfråc bctgjcs bckfs kgns tgrjf pgssgjcs ì
pcstfrnjgjf eckc c hgbqufnrc jcs grtnstgs, Convnfr Juhs.

=5
 \fogjgb sfpgrcu-sf fk sfmunjg pgrg aubjgr cutrg crjfk4 g
Xcsg-Eruz egtõoneg, gofmgbjc sug rfeusg g kgmng cpfrgtnvg.
Fk 70>5, g crjfk jf Mugntg acn gtgegjg pcr @uyskgbs, quf c
geuscu jf `gvfr egtnvgjc ì jnstèbeng c fx-ghgjf jf Oycb
 Dcsfp`-Gbtcnbf Hcuoogb. Jufocs sf sfmunrgk9 @uyskgbs f
 Duofs Hcns sf cpusfrgk g \gpus f Mugntg.
Utgbnsogs frg fbtåc uk dcvfk pcftg bc fstnoc jf Hgujfognr g
qufk Kfbjfs tnb`g geghgjc jf rfvfogr Îonp`gs Oîvn, fserfvfu
 Gognb Kfrenfr fk Gs Acbtfs fsctîrnegs f ceuotgs jg pcfsng
snkhconstg, 70=<-7>7: (7>1>). Kgs Kfrenfr gjnecbg quf Mugntg
pcftg (Cs \çssgrcs jf pgssgmfk, 70079 G Kusg bfmrg, 70059
Xcsg kystneg, 7006) « pcr sfu eogssnenskc jf acrkg f jf fserntg,
î kgns prõxnkc jcs pgrbgsngbcs quf jcs snkhconstgs, jf kcjc
quf `gvng bfof jcns sfrfs jnstnbtcs4 c `frkftnstg grnstcergtg f
mfbfrcsc pcr uk ogjc, c pcftg gtcrkfbtgjc f nbqunftc jf
grtnaëencs pcr cutrc ¹. \grg nbacrkgíåc, Xcsg kystneg fstç
jnspcbëvfo bg Hnhonctfeg Vbnvfrsntçrng jg ageuojgjf jf oftrgs jf
Bgbey, fk fjníåc crnmnbgo.
Nbtcxnegjc pcr jrcmgs, c `ckfk kcrrfu prfkgturgkfbtf, fk
7> jf jfzfkhrc jf 70>=, eck g njgjf jf 51 gbcs. Acn
fbtfrrgjc bc efkntîrnc jf Zgrqunkpco. Gomubs gofmgrgk quf
fof sueukhnu gc quf sfrng e`gkgjc `cdf jf cvfrjcsf, kgs fssg
tfsf î jfskfbtnjg pfog agkëong. \grfef quf fof acn ofvgjc pcr
mrgvfs prchofkgs rfbgns. Fbtrftgbtc, båc sf pcjf fxeounr quf
c fserntcr, bgs mgrrgs jc scarnkfbtc, f sfbtnbjc sfu ank
prõxnkc, pcjfrng tfr rfecrrnjc kgenígkfbtf ì ecegëbg f tgovfz
cutrcs prcjutcs eckc g `frcëbg.
"G Eceg, eckc c `gxnxf, kgs jf cutrgs acrkgs, fxfref schrf
c ecrpc gstrgo ukg gíåc jnrftg f pcjfrcsg9 sfu usc ecstukfnrc
jfsvfbjg, bc `ckfk, efrtgs onmgíöfs eckprfssnvgs jf sug
bgturfzg `npfraësneg, - onmgíöfs eudg pfrsnstäbeng î pgrg g mrgbjf
kgncrng ukg mgrgbtng jf sgôjf. Uf fu agofn sfk rftneäbengs schrf
fssf pcbtc, fbecbtrgrfn nberîjuocs, kfskc fbtrf cs ceuotnstgs.
Jfvc kf onkntgr g uk ecbsfo`c. - Qceä quf tfk sug vnjg, sug
rgzåc, g sgôjf jf sug gokg, fvntf eckc g pfstf gs nbdfíöfs

=:
 `npcjîrknegs jf ecegëbg. Ufk agogr bc `çhntc kuntc acrtf quf
sf erng (kgns nkpfrncsc gnbjg, kgns tfbgz f kgns aubfstc efk
 vfzfs quf qugoqufr cutrc jc kfskc tnpc), uk fstgjc pgrtneuogr
bgsefu." (G Ufrpfbtf jc Mäbfsns, prnkfnrc sftfbçrnc, egp. Q4
C grsfbgo jc afntnefnrc).
Fk ecoghcrgíåc eck sfu sferftçrnc f gknmc Cswgoj ]nrt`, fof
afz uk Zgrú quf gnbjg î puhonegjc bc kckfbtc sch c bckf
jf Zgrú jf ]nrt`.
Hnhoncmrgang4

Argbícns E`grofs Hgroft

(7050 ― 7>87)
8´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E.
 Gohfrt Ague`fux chtfvf sfu hge`grfogjc fk 701:. Fof vgn
rfgonzgr sfus fstujcs jf jnrfntc fk Jndcb sch prfssåc jf sfu
pgn. Chtfvf sug onefbengturg fk 701=, jfpcns î gjkntnjc bg
 Gjknbnstrgíåc jf Xfmnstrc. Acn jfsnmbgjc pgrg g Eõrsfmg,
jfpcns bg kftrõpcof. Fof tfrknbcu sug egrrfnrg fk Ghhfvnoof
fk 70>> eck c tëtuoc jf jnrftcr jf Xfmnstrc.
A.-E`. Hgroft acn uk jcs prnkfnrcs kfkhrcs jc rgkc argbeäs
jg Ucenfjgjf Zfcsõaneg 7, quf fof jfnxcu bg kfskg îpceg quf
\gpus fk 7000. Fk 700=, gc ogjc jf \gpus, Dcsîp`nb \fogjgb,
\guo Uîjnr, Ouenfb E`gkufo, Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg, Gumustnb
E`ghcsfgu f jf vçrncs cutrcs, acn kfkhrc jc Mrupc
nbjfpfbjfbtf jf fstujcs fsctîrnecs (MNJFF). Wugbjc c
MNJFF tckcu c bckf jf Fsecog `frkîtneg, A.-E`. Hgroft acn
uk jcs sftf ecbsfo`fnrcs, sfkprf eck \gpus, jg Ageuojgjf jf
enäbengs `frkîtnegs quf fkgbg jfof. Gnbjg eck \gpus, î
kfkhrc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz fk 7000 - fk
quf sf tcrbg Mrgbjf Kfstrf fk jfzfkhrc jf 70>= eck g
kcrtf jf Mugntg - jfpcns kfkhrc jc \rnkfnrc Uuprfkc
Ecbsfo`c jg Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg fk kgríc jf 70>7.
Î pcssëvfo quf A.-E`. Hgroft tfb`g ecb`fenjc Kgx Z`îcb
jfsjf 70=7. \grfef fstghfofenjc quf, pcr vcotg jf 7006, fof acn

=6
 kfkhrc jg @frkftne Hrct`fr`ccj ca Ouxcr (@H ca O)
aubjgjg fk Ocbjrfs pcr Z`îcb. Wugbjc c « Kcvnkfbtc
eõsknec ¹ suefjfu g @H ca O, A.-E`. Hgroft sf tcrbcu c
rfprfsfbtgbtf fk \grns. Fof acn jnrftcr jf G Xfvnsåc Eõskneg
jf 7><7 g 7><5 f tckcu pgrtf jg puhonegíåc jcs jcns prnkfnrcs
 vcoukfs jg Zrgjníåc eõskneg fk 7><5. \cr jugs vfzfs, fk
7><< f 7><7, fof vnsntcu Z`îcb fk sug prcprnfjgjf jf
 Zofkefb.
A.-E`. Hgroft tgkhîk acn « hnspc¹ jg Nmrfdg mbõstneg aubjgjg
pcr Duofs Jcnbfo fk 70><, f rfprfsfbtgbtf bg Argbíg jc Efbtrc
fsctîrnec crnfbtgo, quf fof jfnxcu fk 7><0 qugbjc sfu
aubjgjcr, Gohfrt jf Ugrìi, acn jfskgsegrgjc eckc trgpgefnrc.

\gpus
(7016 ― 7>71)
5´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E.
Mîrgrj Gbgeoft Qnbefbt Fbegussf, e`gkgjc \gpus (75 duo`c
jf 7016 fk Og Ecrcmbf - 86 jf cutuhrc jf 7>71 fk \grns), acn
a cn
uk kîjnec f ceuotnstg argbeäs,

Bgsenjc fk 75 jf duo`c jf 7016, bg Fspgb`g, fk Og Ecrcmbf,

jf uk pgn argbeäs f kåf fspgb`cog, Mîrgrj Fbegussf pgsscu
sug duvfbtujf fk \grns, cbjf rfefhfu jcutcrgjc fk kfjnenbg
fk duo`c jf 70>:. Gbtfs kfskc jf tfrknbgr sfus fstujcs, pcr
 vcotg jf 7001, fof sf jfu g tgrfag jf outgr ecbtrg c enfbtnanenskc
jg îpceg jnaubjnbjc ukg jcutrnbg quf snbtftnzgvg jnvfrscs
gspfetcs jc fsctfrnskc cenjfbtgo jg îpceg, rfprfsfbtgjc pfoc
quëknec Ocuns Ouegs, c kgtfkçtnec ]rcbsin, c goqunknstg
Eyongbn, c pntgmõrnec Ogeurng, c kgmbftnzgjcr @fetcr Jurvnoof,
 Gbtcnbf Aghrf j'Convft, Gofxgbjrf Ugnbt-^vfs j'Govfyjrf.
Fbegussf sf afz e`gkgr jf \gpus jf gecrjc eck c bckf jf
uk fspërntc jc Buetfkfrcb, gtrnhuëjc g Gpcoúbnc jf Zngbg. C
pfbsgkfbtc jf Ocuns-Eogujf jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb jfnxcu schrf fof

=1
ukg kgreg prcaubjg g pgrtnr jf gprcxnkgjgkfbtf 700>, pcuec
jfpcns jf sug rupturg (70><) eck g Ucenfjgjf Zfcsõaneg jf
Kkf Hogvgtsiy.

Fof aubjcu eck Gumustnb E`ghcsfgu fk 70>7 g Crjfk

Kgrtnbnstg, quf jfvf sfu bckf ì kfkõrng jf Ocuns-Eogujf jf
Ugnbt-Kgrtnb f ì jf D. Kgrtnbàs jf \gsqugooy. Fof rferutcu
kfkhrcs fk bukfrcscs pgësfs, fspfengokfbtf g Xôssng. Bg
rfvnstg canengo jg Crjfk, G Nbnengíåc, quf \gpus aubjcu fk
7000, fbecbtrgkcs cs bckfs jf Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg, \fogjgb,
E`grofs Hgroft, Kgtmncn, Kgre @gvfb, \guo Uîjnr, Gohfrt jf
Xce`gs j'Gnmoub, Ouenfb E`gkufo, Afrbgbj Xcznfr. Kgs
jurgbtf kuntc tfkpc, cs bckfs jf Kgrtnbfs jf \gsqugooy,
Ugnbt-Kgrtnb, cu ]noofrkcz acrgk kuntc kfbcs entgjcs quf cs
jf Aghrf j„Convft f jf Fonp`gs Oîvn. \guo Gjgk, Kgurnef
Hgrràs, Qnetcr-Îknof Kne`foft, \îogjgb, Egknoof Aogkkgrncb,
Fkkg Egovî, Gohfrt jf Xce`gs fståc fbtrf cs prnkfnrcs
kgrtnbnstgs jf rfbckf.
\gpus sf ganoncu, jurgbtf sug vnjg, g vçrngs crmgbnzgíöfs
nbnençtnegs, ì Ucenfjgjf Zfcsõaneg jf @fofbg Hogvgtsiy fb 700=,
ì Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz jf \fogjgb f Mugntg fk
7000, ì Nmrfdg mbõstneg jg Argbíg jf Duofs Jcnbfo fk 70>8, g
@frkftne Crjfr ca t`f Mcojfb Jgwb fk 70>6, ì argbec
kgícbgrng jc Xntc jf Uwfjfbhcrm (7><7), fk quf acn c
Mrgbjf Kfstrf, gc Xntc jf Kfkp`ns-Knsrgãk fk 7><0, ì Crjc
 Zfkpon Crnfbtns. Fof fbtrcu arfqufbtfkfbtf fk ecbaontc eck
cs prcpcbfbtfs jgs ocdgs kgíúbnegs e`gkgjgs « rfmuogrfs ¹ f
fk 8: jf dub`c jf 7><0, crmgbnzcu fk \grns ukg ecbafräbeng
nbtfrbgencbgo kgíúbneg bg qugo pgrtnenpgrgk rfprfsfbtgíöfs jf
chfjnäbengs kgíúbnegs « jf kgrmfk ¹.
\cr cutrc ogjc, \gpus ecbstntunu, fk jfzfkhrc jf 700>, uk
mrupc quf crmgbnzgvg pfsqunsgs, eurscs f ecbafräbengs schrf
cs jnvfrscs gspfetcs jc fsctfrnskc cenjfbtgo, c Mrupc
Nbjfpfbjfbtf jf Fstujcs Fsctîrnecs (MNFF) quf sf tcrbcu c
eëreuoc fxtfrbc jg Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg, f tckcu c bckf jf

==
 Ageuojgjf Onvrf jf Enäbengs @frkîtnegs fk kgríc jf 70>=.
Cs eurscs frgk bukfrcscs (gprcxnkgjgkfbtf jczf pcr käs),
f cs gssubtcs fstujgjcs trgtgvgk jf Ighhgog, Goqunkng, tgrú
jnvnbgtõrnc, pgssgbjc pfog `nstõrng jg anocscang `frkîtneg.
\gpus, Uîjnr, Qnetcr-Îknof Kne`foft, Afrbgbj Xcznfr f G.
E`ghcsfgu, fbtrf cutrcs, frgk cs prcafsscrfs. G sfíåc jf
 Goqunkng, jnrnmnjg pcr Argbícns Dcoonvft-Egstfoct, acn g crnmfk
jg Ucenfjgjf Goquëkneg jg Argbíg.
Fssf vgstc kcvnkfbtc `frkîtnec, jc qugo \gpus frg ukg jgs
gokgs gtugbtfs, butrnu g ontfrgturg f gs grtfs jg îpceg, \fogjgb,
Egtuoof Kfbjàs, \guo Gjgk, Qnoonfrs jf o„Nsof-Gjgk, jfrgk
gomubs tfxtcs gcs prnkfnrcs bôkfrcs jf G Nbnengíåc. Gumust
Utrnbjhfrm, jurgbtf sug fstgjg fk \grns, tgkhîk pgrtnenpcu,
kgs kgns pgrg eckpgrtno`gr sugs fxpfrnäbengs jf goqunkng. Gs
chrgs jf \gpus tgkhîk kgregrgk cs dcvfbs pnbtcrfs jntcs
Bghns. Eck Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg, \gpus sf fbvcovfu bc egsc
Hcuoogb, quf cs cpús g Duofs Hcns ft g D.-I. @uyskgbs, fk
70>5.

\gpus sfmunu fk sfu trghgo`c jf kîjnec, uk egknb`c

nmugokfbtf crnmnbgo, utnonzgbjc fspfengokfbtf g `ckfcpgtng,
jcsnkftrng, foftrctfrgpng. Fof erncu, eck sfu pgn quëknec, rug
Xcjnfr bc >´ jnstrntc jf \grns, uk nbstntutc jf sgôjf,
fspfengonzgjc fk hgb`cs, auknmgíöfs f kgssgmfbs, f ghrnu uk
mghnbftf jf ecbsuotgs kîjnegs, bg rug Hgozge, fk Zcurs quf o`f
gtrgnu ukg bukfrcsg eonfbtfog. Fof rfsnjnu fk \grns, fk
jnafrfbtfs fbjfrfícs jg Qnoog Kcbtkcrfbey, f, bc anbgo jf sug
 vnjg, bg Xug jf Xce`fe`cugrt, 1= bc >´ jnstrntc.
\gpus kcrrfu fk 86 jf cutuhrc jf 7>71, fk \grns, eckc
rfsuotgjc jf sfu sfrvníc jf canengo kîjnec jc fxîrentc bg arfbtf
jc Ofstf jurgbtf c cutcbc f nbvfrbc jf 7>7:. Acn fbtfrrgjc
bc efkntîrnc \àrf-Oge`gnsf, bg (jnvnsåc >5)

=0
Zfjfr
(3 ― 7>70)
:´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E.
E`grofs Jftrf, kgns ecb`fenjc pfoc bckf "Zfjfr", acn c
suefsscr jc Mrgbjf Kfstrgjc jg Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg gpõs
\gpus, f acn c prfjfefsscr jf Dfgb Hrneguj. Fof tfvf ukg acrtf
eckprffbsåc jc rntugo, f gtugonzcu cs rntugns kgrtnbnstgs
jfsfbvcovnjcs pcr \gpus (fk argbeäs). Frgk hgsfgjcs bcs
kgtfrngns quf `gvng `frjgjc pcr Argbícns-E`grofs Hgroft f
Fjcugrj Hontz.
 Zfjfr fstgvg fbvcovnjc fk vçrncs eëreuocs kgíúbnecs,
kgíúbnecs, f acn pcr
pcr
nbtfrkîjnc jf uk ecbtgtc (Jr. Îjcugrj jf Xnhguecurt) quf
fk 7>7: Zfjfr f \gpus fstghfofefrgk, cu rfstghfofefrgk, ukg
onmgíåc fbtrf g Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg f g onb`gmfk rftnanegjg jc
Xntc Fseceäs/EHEU jf Dfgb-Hgptnstf ]noofrkcz. Zfjfr
tgkhîk fstgvg fbvcovnjc bgs sfíöfs argbefsgs jc Xntc jf
Uwfjfbhcrm f jc Xntc jf Kfkp`ns-Knsrgnk. Gomukgs jf sugs
onb`gmfbs fsctîrnegs nbnengns prcvnb`gk jc kgíck nbmoäs Dc`b
 ^grifr, kgs acrgk rfacrígjgs bcs eëreuocs fsctîrnecs bg
Furcpg ecbtnbfbtgo.
Wugbjc \gpus kcrrfu fk 7>71, fof acn suhstntuëjc pcr E`grofs
Jftrf (Zfjfr), fk quf c vnef mrgbjf kfstrf frg Qnetcr
Hogbe`grj. Zfjfr ecbsnjfrgvg quf g Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg
schrfvnvfrng kfo`cr sf fstnvfssf onmgjg g ukg crmgbnzgíåc
kgíúbneg f fof fseco`fu pgrg nssc c rntc gbtnmc f prnkntnvc jf
Kfkp`ns-Knsrgnk, sfbjc fssf c kgns fsctîrnec.
 Zfjfr nkpús prî-rfqunsntcs kgíúbnecs. \cr fxfkpoc, uk
egbjnjgtc jfvfrng sfr Kfstrf Kgíck jf Kfkp`ns-Knsrgnk
gbtfs jf pcjfr rfefhfr c \rnkfnrc Mrgu. Jfvfrng tfr c 70´ mrgu,
gbtfs jf rfefhfr c 8´ mrgu f c 5<´ mrgu jc Xntc jf Kfkp`ns-
Knsrgnk pgrg rfefhfr c tfrefnrc mrgu jc Kgrtnbnskc.
Fbtrftgbtc, c prõprnc Zfjfr kcrrfu fk 7>70, f acn cafrfenjc
c Mrgbjf Kfstrgjc g Qnetcr Hogbe`grj quf rfeuscu, pcrquf

=>
 fof ecbsnjfrgvg quf gs rfstrníöfs kgíúbnegs frgk uk jfsvnc jc
 vfrjgjfnrc fspërntc jc Kgrtnbnskc.
 Dfgb Hrneguj tcrbcu-sf fbtåc Mrgbjf Kfstrf jg Crjfk f
jfsocecu c qugrtfo mfbfrgo pgrg Oycb4 fog sf tcrbcu ecb`fenjg
pfoc bckf jf Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg jf Oycb.
Î nbtfrfssgbtf ecbstgtgr quf sfu egrmc bg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg
jg Xcsg-Eruz pfrkgbfefu ecbtëbuc f jnserftc, c quf pfrkntnu
ì Crjfk fsegpgr jcs ecbaontcs quf cs mrupcs kgrtnbnstgs f
kgíúbnecs ecb`fefrgk.

 Dfgb Hrneguj
(7007 ― 7>5:)
6´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E.
 Dfgb Hrneguj vfnc jfjf ukg agkëong jf egkpcbfsfs,
egkpcbfsfs, f fbtrcu pgrg
c pfqufbc sfknbçrnc jf Kfxnknfux. Jurgbtf sug gjcofseäbeng,
jfsechrnu onvrcs jf ceuotnskc, c quf c ecbjuznu g rfeusgr
prcssfmunr sfus fstujcs bc sfknbçrnc kgncr. Fbtåc sf anxcu
a nxcu fk
Oycb f fbtrcu pgrg c Erîjntc jf Oycb (fk 70>=), scenfjgjf bg
qugo trghgo`cu tcjg sug vnjg. Fof acn kchnonzgjc jurgbtf g
prnkfnrg mufrrg kubjngo. Egscu-sf eck Kgrnf-Gbbf Bfysscb
(700:-7>60) fk = jf cutuhrc jf 7><6, jf quf sf jnvcrencu
(7>77), pgrg sf egsgr eck (8 jf jfzfkhrc jf 7>8>) Fumîbnf-
 Gbtcnbfttf Goofkgbj (700:-7>60),
(700:-7>60), quf c gpcncu f c gdujcu fk
sug egrrfnrg ceuotnstg.
Fk Oycb, fof fbecbtrcu vçrncs ceuotnstgs4 Gumustf
 Qgbjfifri`cvf, gongs U.V. Tgbbf (7050-7>85), Mfrvgns-Gbbft
Hcue`ft (7015-7>8=), gongs Fonf Gotg, cu Fonf Utffo, quf c
gprfsfbtcu gc Jr Fkkgbufo Ogogbjf (7010-7>81), ëbtnkc jf
Mîrgrj Fbegussf, quf c gprfsfbtcu g sfu pgjrgstc Bnznfr
 Gbt`fokf \`nonppf (70:>-7><6) tgukgturmc ecb`fenjc pfoc
bckf jf "Kfstrf \`nonppf". Fstf jnrnmng fk Oycb g Fsecog
prçtneg jf kgmbftnskc bg qugo Hrneguj sf nbserfvfu fk 1 jf
jfzfkhrc jf 70>=. Fof fserfvfu ukg hrce`urg gc Kfstrf
\`nonppf (fk 7>8=). Ufmuf cutrcs gsscengjcs jf Oycb4 c

0<
 anoõscac \nfrrf-Egknoof Xfvfo (7065-7>58), c kgmbftnzgjcr
fspërntg Gop`cbsf Hcuvnfr (7067-7>57), f Dgequfs E`grrct
(7057-7>77), goubc jf Fonp`gs Oîvn, quf sf tcrbcu sfu kfstrf
jf ighhgog f kgmng.
Fk 7><7, Oîcbef Aghrf jfs Fssgrts (70:0-7>7=) ecbsgmrcu
Hrneguj hnspc jf Oycb, sch c bckf jf "Zgu Dc`gbbfs", bg
Nmrfdg Mbõstneg jg Argbíg (cu Nmrfdg Mbõstneg Qgofbtnbngbg)
aubjgjg pcr Duofs Jcnbfo fk 70><.
Fk 7><=, Hrneguj rckpfu eck Aghrf A ghrf jfs Fssgrts pgrg aubjgr
sfu prõprnc rgkc jg Nmrfdg mbõstneg. Hrneguj, Aumgnrcb f
Fbegussf, fk ukg prnkfnrg tfbtgtnvg, bckfgrgk sfu rgkc jg
Nmrfdg4 Nmrfdg egtõoneg mbõstneg. Jfpcns jf 7><=, pgrg jnstnbmunr
eogrgkfbtf cs jcns rgkcs jg Nmrfdg mbõstneg, g jf Aghrf jfs
Fssgrts anecu ecb`fenjg pfoc bckf jf « Nmrfdg mbõstneg jg
Argbíg ¹. Fk afvfrfnrc jf 7><0, c sëbcjc fpnsecpgo jg Nmrfdg
egtõoneg mbõstneg sf rfubnu f fofmfu Hrneguj eckc \gtrngreg sch
c bckf jf "Dfgb NN". Fk 7><0 g Nmrfdg egtõoneg mbõstneg vnu sfu
bckf kujgr pgrg Nmrfdg mbõstneg ubnvfrsgo. Fk 7>77, \gpus
afz jfssg Nmrfdg g canengo jc Kgrtnbnskc. Fk 7>1<, Xchfrt
 Gkhfognb kujcu c bckf jf « Nmrfdg mbõstneg ubnvfrsgo ¹ pgrg
« Nmrfdg mbõstneg gpcstõoneg ¹.
 Dfgb Hrneguj tgkhîk sf tcrbcu kgíck jc Xntc jf Kfkp`ns-
Knsrgãk. Fof acn, pcr uk tfkpc, c jnseëpuoc jc Kfstrf
\`nonppf jf Oycb. Acn crjfbgjc sgefrjctf fk 86 jf duo`c jf
7>78 pfoc Kcbsfb`cr Ocuns-Kgrnf Mnrguj, hnspc jgNmrfdg
Mgonegbg, f chtfvf, fk 87 jf duo`c jf 7>75, g "ecbsgmrgíåc
fpnsecpgo" jc kfskc hnspc, bg knbg jf Ugnbt-Gkgbj, pfrtc
jf Gkhfrt (\uy-jf-Júkf). \crtgbtc, g rfbcvgíåc mbõstneg jnz
sfr jf ukg "suefssåc gpcstõoneg", jf gecrjc eck uk kcjc
ecrrfbtf fk efrtcs kfncs ceuotnstgs jg îpceg4 kgs,
fvnjfbtfkfbtf g Nmrfdg mgonegbg båc frg g jf Xckg (f fstgvg
pfoc kfbcs pgrengokfbtf onmgjg gc kcvnkfbtc tfcscanstg), g
 vgonjgjf jfssg « suefssåc gpcstõoneg ¹ frg ecbsnjfrgjg eckc
noëentg gcs co`gr jc egtconenskc rckgbc (eõjnmcs jf jnrfntcs
egbúbnecs 7557, § 7, 8 9 ea. ENE 7>7=, E. 8817, § 7).

07
 Hrneguj frg nbtnkgkfbtf onmgjc gcs ceuotnstgs quf mrgvntgrgk
fk tcrbc jf Qnbtrgs4 fof pcssuëg fk pgrtneuogr uk fxfkpogr
jgs "`õstngs sgbmrfbtgs" trgbskntnjgs gc sgtgbnstg
fxeckubmgjc (f fx-ghgjf) Dcsfp`-Gbtcnbf Hcuoogb f tnb`g
rfjnmnjc uk cpôseuoc jf afntnígrng e`gkgjc Kîtcjc prçtnec
pgrg ëbeuhc f sôeuhc. Fssf kfnc tfvf ukg nbaouäbeng schrf c
kcvnkfbtc "trgjnencbgonstg" jc eckfíc jc sîeuoc PP (Hgrràs,
Oîcb Hocy fte.), c qugo acn acrtfkfbtf nbaoufbengjc pfoc gssnk
e`gkgjc "sfmrfjc jf Og Ugofttf".
Fk 7>7:, Dfgb Hrneguj rftckg, fk Oycb, f sfmunbjc Zfjfr
(E`grofs Jîtrî), c kcvnkfbtc kgrtnbnstg eck hgsf bcs
gecrjcs jf 7>77, f gs rfmrgs jf rferutgkfbtc jf ]noofrkcz.
 Dfgb Hrneguj acn bckfgjc ofmgjc jg Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg pgrg g
prcvëbeng jf Oycb. Fof tgkhîk sf tcrbcu Mrgbjf Kfstrf jf
Kfkp`ns, pgtrngreg jg Nmrfdg mbõstneg ubnvfrsgo, f prfsnjfbtf
jg scenfjgjf ceuotnstg nbtfrbgencbgo. Fof jfsnmbcu Ecbstgbt
E`fvnoocb eckc sfu suefsscr kgrtnbnstg fk sftfkhrc jf 7>58.
 Dfgb Hrneguj kcrrfu fk 87 jf afvfrfnrc jf 7>5:. Acn fbtfrrgjc
fk 8: jf afvfrfnrc fk Argbe`fvnoof, pfrtc jf Oycb. Acn bg
rfsnjäbeng jg fspcsg jf Dfgb Hrneguj, fk 7>::, quf Ecbstgbt
E`fvnoocb acn prfsc f jfpcns gssgssnbgjc pfog knoëeng, jf kcjc
quf pfrkgbfefu fbnmkçtnec.
Ufu suefsscr jnrftc bc fpnsecpgjc acn Qnetcr Hogbe`grj,
"Zgrmfonus", ecbsgmrgjc fk 6 jf kgnc jf 7>70 sfmubjc c
"pcbtnanegjc vfo`c-egtõonec".

Ocuns Kgrnf Argbícns Mnrguj

(70=1 ― 7>67)
1´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E.
 Gpõs tfr gssuknjc c \gtrngregjc jg Nmrfdg Mbõstneg Vbnvfrsgo,
Vbnvfrsgo,
Hrneguj tcrbcu-sf gknmc jc hnspc Ocuns-Kgrnf-Argbícns
Mnrguj (Kmr. Argbícns, kcrtc fk 7>67), uk gbtnmc kcbmf
trgpnstg quf tnb`g sug anongíåc fpnsecpgo vnbjg jf Dcsfp` Xfbî
 Qnogttf (Kgr Znkct`fcs, 706:-7>8>). Qnogttf frg uku k pgrnsnfbsf

08
 quf fk sug duvfbtujf tnb`g fknmrgjc pgrg g Gkîrneg. Frg uk
fbtusngstg rfonmncsc, kgs nbegpgz jf fbecbtrgr sgtnsagíåc bgs
fstruturgs jg Nmrfdg Egtõoneg9 gssnk, bg Gkîrneg, fof eckfícu
sug huseg pgrg fbecbtrgr uk gkhnfbtf kgns gjgptgjc ì sug
pfrscbgonjgjf f gkhníöfs. \gsscu jf sfntg fk sfntg, sfrvnbjc
pcr uk tfkpc eckc knbnstrc ecbmrfmgencbnstg, sfbjc kgns
tgrjf crjfbgjc sgefrjctf bg sfntg enskçtneg jcs "Qfo`cs
Egtõonecs". Fof chtfvf g ecbsgmrgíåc fpnsecpgo fk 70>8 jgs
kåcs jc hnspc Argbensec-Pgvnfr Govgrfz (Kgr Duonus N), hnspc
jg Nmrfdg sërng Dgechntg Crtcjcxg f Kftrcpcontgbg jg Nmrfdg
Egtõoneg Nbjfpfbjfbtf jc Efnoåc, Mcg f Ëbjngs, quf pcr sug
 vfz tnb`g rfefhnjc g ecbsgmrgíåc jgs kåcs jf Nmbgtnus \nfrrf
\ nfrrf
NNN, "\nfrrf c @uknojf", \gtrngreg Dgechntg Crtcjcxc jf
 Gbtnõqung. Qnogttf ecbsgmrcu \gcoc Knrgmong-Muocttn fb 7><<9
Muocttn ecbsgmrcu Duofs @cussgyf (70::-7>78), @cussgyf
ecbsgmrcu Ocuns-Kgrnf-Argbícns Mnrguj fk 7>779 f Mnrguj
ecbsgmrcu Dfgb Hrneguj fk 87 jf duo`c jf 7>75.
Fssg ecbsgmrgíåc acn nkpcrtgbtf pgrg g Nmrfdg jf Hrneguj
pcrquf acrbfefu ukg suefssåc gpcstõoneg f fpnsecpgo vçonjg f
jceukfbtgjg, quf tnb`g snjc rfecb`fenjg pfog Nmrfdg Egtõoneg
Xckgbg eckc vçonjg, kgs noëentg (fspnrntugokfbtf fanegz, kgs
ecbtrçrng ì pcoëtneg jg Nmrfdg f båc sgbencbgjg pfog kfskg). G
suefssåc gpcstõoneg acn gkpogkfbtf pfrefhnjg eckc rfaoftnbjc
ukg trgbsknssåc jf gutcrnjgjf fspnrntugo vfrjgjfnrg bg
ecrrfbtf Ernstå, rfkcbtgbjc g Uåc \fjrc9 f gnbjg kgns ocbmf g
Kfoe`nzfjfe`, c këtnec sgefrjctf-rfn jf Ugofk quf sfrvnu
eckc sgefrjctf c \gtrngreg `fhrfu Ghrg`åc. Nssc acrbfefu g
Hrneguj f g sfus suefsscrfs g gutcrnjgjf gpcstõoneg jf
gjknbnstrgr cs sgergkfbtcs ernståcs9 c quf frg nkpcrtgbtf,
pcrquf kuntcs kfkhrcs jg Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg frgk jg aî
egtõoneg, kgs eckc kfkhrcs jf ukg scenfjgjf sferftg,
fstgvgk sudfntcs ì fxeckub`åc sf sug ganongíåc kgrtnbnstg
 vnfssf g sfr ecb`fenjg.
e cb`fenjg. C F.M.V. cafrfeng fbtåc ukg mgrgbtng
jf sgovgíåc gcs ernståcs egtõonecs quf frgk kgrtnbnstgs cu
jfsfdgssfk sf tcrbgr kgrtnbnstgs.

05
 Ocuns-Kgrnf Argbícns Mnrguj, quf tnb`g snjc crjfbgjc
sgefrjctf fk 87 jf dub`c jf 7><= pcr Dcsfp`-Xfbî Qnogttf,
fstgvg fk rfogíåc eck Kgkgb Kgt`nfu, ukg eurgjcrg quf
 vnvng fk Mgznbft bc Uujcfstf jg Argbíg. Mnrguj jfpcns jf tfr
arfqufbtgjc Frbfst @cussgy e`gkgjc Ghgjf Duonc quf c `gvng
ecbsgmrgjc hnspc fk 87 jf dub`c jf 7>77, gefntcu sfrvnr eckc
hnspc jg eckubnjgjf.
Fk 7>::, c Xfmnkf jf Qne`y nbtfrjntcu g Nmrfdg mgonegbg jf
Mgznbft. Fbtrftgbtc, fssg Nmrfdg rfbgsefu jfpcns jg mufrrg f
fk bcvfkhrc jf 7>:6, Argbícns Mnrguj puhonecu ukg
\rcafssåc jf aî ecb`fenjg eckc Mgznbft. Eck g kcrtf jf
Argbícns Mnrguj fssg nmrfdg eckfícu g sf jnvnjnr f g puhonegíåc
jc Mgonegbc acn kckfbtgbfgkfbtf nbtfrrckpnjg.

 Dfgb Hrcunooft
(700< -3)
=´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E.
Bgsenjc fk 7= jf duo`c jf 700< fk Gmfb (Argbíg), Dfgb
Hrcunooft acn crjfbgjc sgefrjctf fk 1 jf cutuhrc jf 7>56 pcr
Kmr Mnrguj. Eck g kcrtf jfssf fof ecbtnbucu sug chrg
sgefrjctgo.
Fof kgbnafstcu pcjfrfs psëqunecs (vnjäbeng f eurg) quf
pujfrgk sfr ecbstgtgjcs pcr kuntcs.
Eurgjcr fk Hcrjfgux jf 7>51 g 7>1<, fof acn ecbjfbgjc ì
kcrtf pfog Knoëeng, kgs acn sgovc pfog e`fmgjg jcs fxîrentcs
onhfrgbjc g Argbíg jg ceupgíåc gofkå.
 Gpfsgr jf sfr kuntc jnserftc schrf g `frgbíg fsctîrneg rfefhnjg
f ecbsfrvgjg eckc pgtrnkúbnc sferftc, bc fbtgbtc, fof
rfmuogrkfbtf kgbnafstcu snkhconegkfbtf. \cr fxfkpoc, fof
efofhrgvg tcjcs cs gbcs g knssg jf Bgtgo usgbjc gc rfjcr jc
pfsecíc c ecogr jf Uupfrncr
Uu pfrncr Nbeõmbntc vcotgbjc g Dfgb Hrneguj
f sfk jôvnjg kgns jnstgbtf bg onb`gmfk jcs \gtrngregs.

0:
 Fssf ecogr, gssnk eckc cutrgs rfoëqungs, acn fbtrfmuf pcr Kmr
\gtrnei Zrue`fkcttf gc gtugo Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz
 Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn jurgbtf ukg efrnkúbng kgrtnbnstg prnvgjg.
prnvgjg.

\gtrnei Z.
(7>8> ― 7>01)
0´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E.
Bgsenjc fk 8: jf afvfrfnrc jf 7>8> fk Hcrjfgux, fof acn goubc
f guxnongr jf Dfgb Hrcunooft gtî g kcrtf jfssf. Acn bckfgjc
\gtrngreg jg Nmrfdg Egtõoneg Mgonegbg f jfu ì kfskg ukg
rfputgíåc quf î ecbsfrvgjg gtî `cdf.
Fof kgbtfvf eck jnserníåc f anjfonjgjf tcjcs cs jfpõsntcs
fspnrntugns rfefhnjcs jf sfus prfjfefsscrfs.
Fssf `ckfk prcaubjgkfbtf ëbtfmrc prgtnecu kgmbftnskc f
`ckfcpgtng gtî sug kcrtf fk 7>01.

 Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn
Hngsn
>´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E.
 Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn î uk gutcr, ecbafrfbenstg f anoõscac quf
fstujcu cs jnafrfbtfs tfkgs jg fspnrntugonjgjf jfsjf cs gbcs
7>=< f tfbjc snjc nbnengjc gcs kgns gotcs mrgus jf vçrngs
trgjníöfs nbnençtnegs cenjfbtgns. Fof tgkhîk î c Mrgbjf Kfstrf
jg Guruk Ucons. Fof rfefhfu tcjgs gs onb`gmfbs Kgrtnbnstgs f
acn nbnengjc gc kgns gotc mrgu jcs Fous-Ec`fb. Fof acn
crjfbgjc bg nmrfdg mgonegbg f nmrfdg mbõstneg. Fof crjfbcu c
gbtnmc Mrgbjf Kfstrf jg Guruk Ucons sfmubjc sugs suefssöfs
gpcstõonegs f c ecbsgmrcu kgrtnbnstg o`f trgbskntnbjc c mrgu
jf Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc UNN.
Fof acn nbnengjc bg argbec kgícbgrng f rfefhfu c mrgu jf
Kfstrf fk 7>>8. Acn nbnengjc bcs gotcs mrgus fsecefsfs
gkfrnegbcs (58´ Durnsjníåc jc Uuo, V.U.), f Kgíck jc Grec
Xfgo. Gbtfs jf sf dubtgr ì kgícbgrng gkfrnegbg, fof rfefhfu cs

06
kgns gotcs mrgus jg kgícbgrng Furcpfng, f nbeounbjc cs mrgus
jg kgícbgrng fmëpeng (55¼->6¼-GG).
Fof acn rfefhnjc bg trgjníåc jruëjneg bcs gbcs 0< bg Argbíg.
Fk jfzfkhrc jf 8<<:, kujcu-sf pgrg c Egbgjç f fk 8<7<
gcs Fstgjcs Vbnjcs. Gmcrg fof vnvf fk Ogs Qfmgs (BQ).
\grg sghfr kgns4 www.jfhngsn.crm

01
FUZVJCU Ì JNUZÈBENG
 G Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz î ukg crmgbnzgíåc
nbnençtneg quf scuhf kgbtfr nbtgetg g Zrgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz
crnmnbgo. \cr nssc fstgkcs crmuo`cscs fk cafrfefr prçtnegs
fspnrntugns f jf jfsfbvcovnkfbtc psëqunec, tgbtc fk bcsscs
fbsnbgkfbtcs ì jnstèbeng qugbtc fk bcsscs Egpëtuocs.
Bõs tgkhîk fstgkcs crmuo`cscs jf cafrfefr ìs bcssgs nrkås
f nrkåcs fbsnbgkfbtcs prnvgjcs jf mrgbjf qugonjgjf,
utnonzgbjc gs tfebcocmngs kgns kcjfrbgs.

Crmgbnzgíåc f ecbtfôjc jcs

fbsnbgkfbtcs
Cs fbsnbgkfbtcs såc crmgbnzgjcs fk mrgus sfmubjc c
pfreursc nbnençtnec jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz.
Egjg uk jfssfs mrgus tfk oníöfs kfbsgns rfubnjgs fk sîrnfs jf
78. Egjg ukg jfogs fqunvgof g efreg jf trnbtg pçmnbgs acrkgtc
egrtg.
\grg bõs, g trgbsknssåc jf ukg Zrgjníåc Nbnençtneg jf vgocr båc
pcjf sf rfjuznr g gomukgs pçmnbgs jf acrkgtc rfjuznjc quf
ecbtäk prçtnegs qugsf nbsnmbnanegbtfs. Bõs fstgkcs bc sîeuoc
87! Båc fstgkcs kgns fk ukg îpceg fk quf sf pcjf prcpcr
onvrftcs nkprfsscs quf ecbtäk fxponegíöfs psfujcenfbtëanegs
cu `nstõrnegs quf bnbmuîk pcjfrng vfrnanegr.
 Gc ecbtrçrnc, cs fbsnbgkfbtcs jg C.I.X.E. sf hgsfngk
snstfkgtnegkfbtf schrf jceukfbtcs nrrfautçvfns, agtcs f
prçtnegs tfôrmnegs vgonjgjgs pfog Zrgjníåc f sfus Kfstrfs.
 Zcjgs gs prçtnegs såc jfsfbvcovnjgs f eckpoftgs. Uåc
ecbefhnjgs pgrg sfrfk usgjgs fk egsg.
Ugnhg quf vceä båc vgn fspfrgr 8< gbcs pgrg tfr gefssc g fssfs
fofkfbtcs gvgbígjcs. Nssc pcrquf cs fbsnbgkfbtcs ghcrjgk
eogrgkfbtf gs tîebnegs jf kgmbftnskc, jfsjchrgkfbtc,
eogrnvnjäbeng, tfurmng, fte.

0=
 Qceä pcjf gprcaubjgr cs jnafrfbtfs gspfetcs jg mbcsf,
tfcocmng, ighhgog f cutrcs gspfetcs gvgbígjcs jg trgjníåc
cenjfbtgo.
Bõs gerfjntgkcs quf tcjcs fssfs fofkfbtcs jfvfk sfr
ecocegjcs fk sugs kåcs c kgns rçpnjc pcssëvfo. Jf agtc, gs
ecbjníöfs jf bcssg îpceg kcjfrbg c dustnanegk f bõs
ecbsnjfrgkcs quf vceä î egpgz jf fbtfbjfr eckc nssc
aubencbg. Fssgs prçtnegs såc tgkhîk uk kfnc jf purnanegíåc
pfoc ecbtgtc rfmuogr eck g Fmrîmcrg jg Crjfk.

Fstruturg jf ukg oníåc

Egjg oníåc kfbsgo mfrgokfbtf sf gprfsfbtg sfmubjc c sfmunbtf
fsqufkg4 7) Fstujc jgs enäbengs trgjnencbgns9 8) Zrgjníöfs
fspnrntugns f rfonmncsgs9 5) Zfcocmng9 :) \grtf prçtneg9 6) Gssubtc
jf Kfjntgíåc9 1) Fxtrgtc jf chrg anocsõaneg
a nocsõaneg rfogencbgjc eck cs
gssubtcs trgtgjcs9 =) Entgíöfs.

Vk pfreursc prcmrfssnvc
Eckc dç jnssfkcs genkg, gs oníöfs såc crmgbnzgjgs sfmubjc
ukg prcmrfssåc fk vçrngs ftgpgs, quf ecrrfspcbjfk ì trgjníåc
jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz.
7- Uug acrkgíåc eckfígrç pfoc « Gjrc ¹ ecbstntuëjc pcr 78
oníöfs.
Fbtrf cs gssubtcs trgtgjcs sf fbecbtrg4
C fsctfrnskc, c mugrjnåc jc onkngr, c snkhconskc jg eruz, g
grtf jg kfjntgíåc, goqunkng, tîebnegs jf prctfíåc f
 vnsugonzgíåc, g Xcsg-Eruz, Ighhgog, rfmfbfrgíåc efouogr,
kgmbftnskc, snkhconskc jcs bôkfrcs f sug gponegíåc prçtneg,
\õranrc, tîebnegs jf gbgkbfsf, gseftnskc rfonmncsc f nbnençtnec,
fte.
8- C « Mrgu jc Onkngr ¹ nbeoun 8: oníöfs.

00
Fbtrf cs gssubtcs trgtgjcs sf fbecbtrg4 Ighhgog, g Mbcsf
crnmnbgo, vngmfk gstrgo, tfcocmng f g pgrtf anocsõaneg eck Uäbfeg
fk pgrtneuogr.
5- Cs « Mrgus jc Egpëtuoc ¹ (7¼ mrgu, 8¼ mrgu, 5¼ mrgu), onmgbjc
fssg sîrnf jf oníöfs quf såc ecrcgjgs pfoc « Mrgu jf
gpfrafnícgkfbtc ¹.

Cs eurscs nkfjngtgkfbtf jnspcbëvfns

cbonbf
Eckc kfkhrc, vceä tfrç gefssc nkfjngtgkfbtf gcs
fbsnbgkfbtcs fk bcssc sntf nbtfrbft prnvgjc. Qceä pcjfrç oä-
ocs g pgrtnr jf qugoqufr eckputgjcr, tghoft cu tfofacbf pcrtçtno.
Ecbtgbtc quf fstfdg ecbfetgjc bg Nbtfrbft, fofs fstgråc eck
 vceä, cbjf qufr quf vceä fstfdg.
 Qceä tgkhîk pcjf jfenjnr rfefhfr fk egsg « c ecbdubtc
CIXE jc 7´ gbc ¹ eckpcstc pfoc onvrc fbegjfrbgjc jc eursc
f uk EJ jf çujnc quf qu f ecbtîk fk çujnc gs prçtnegs f jnvfrscs
tfxtcs ôtfns ì sug acrkgíåc. Zcjcs cs fbsnbgkfbtcs såc
fbecbtrgjcs bc sntf prnvgjc.
 Gssnk vceä tfrç fk sfu pcjfr cs kfo`crfs fbsnbgkfbtcs
nbnençtnecs jg Xcsg-Eruz bg acrkg gc kfskc tfkpc kcjfrbg
f trgjnencbgo.

 G Nbnengíåc
\grgofogkfbtf g fssf fbsnbgkfbtc nbjnvnjugo, g Crjfk
Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz cafrfef jugs cpcrtubnjgjfs pgrg
gvgbígr kgns prcaubjgkfbtf bg jfsechfrtg jcs Knstîrncs
sgmrgjcs jg trgjníåc fsctîrneg dujgnec-ernstå4 7- G
 Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug`,
N fse`cug`, 8- C pfreursc nbnençtnec fk uk
Egpëtuoc jg Crjfk.
Ugnhg quf g Gre`necbarîrnf prcpöf uk prcefssc gutäbtnec jf
gseftnskc pcuec ecb`fenjc f gefssëvfo ì jnstèbeng. Qceä pcjf
sghfr kgns bcs fserfvfbjc.

0>
 Gs Nbnengíöfs bg Crjfk fståc jfserntgs fk cutrc egpëtuoc
jfssf onvrc.

ZCXBGX-UF KFKHXC
 Zcrbgr-sf kfkhrc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz î
kuntc snkpofs.
Hgstg nr gc bcssc sntf prnvgjc f sf nbserfvfr. Uug nbserníåc
ecbstntun sug ganongíåc gbugo ì Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-
Eruz.
Fog o`f jç nkfjngtgkfbtf jcns gefsscs f vgbtgmfbs
aubjgkfbtgns4
7- Gefssc gcs fbsnbgkfbtcs ì jnstèbeng bc sntf nbtfrbft
prnvgjc, eck cpíåc jf rfefhfr gomubs eurscs nkprfsscs.
8- Gefssc ìs nbnengíöfs ecbafrnjgs fk uk Egpëtuoc. \grg nssc
hgstg fserfvfr gc sferftgrngjc jg Crjfk pgrg gprfsfbtgr sug
egbjnjgturg pgrg g prnkfnrg nbnengíåc.
Bõs c rfeckfbjgkcs quf sf nbserfvg jnrftgkfbtf g pgrtnr jc
sntf nbtfrbft prnvgjc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz quf
î fbecbtrgjc bc sfmunbtf fbjfrfíc4
`ttps4//www.crjrfighhgonstnqufjfogrcsfercnx.crm
Uf vceä båc tnvfr gefssc ì nbtfrbft, pcjf bcs fbvngr sfu bckf,
schrfbckf f fbjfrfíc eckpoftc pcr ecrrfnc pfjnbjc pgrg
fbtrgr bg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz. Bõs c
fbvngrfkcs fbtåc g ane`g jf nbserníåc f c ecbdubtc jf jftgo`fs
bfefssçrncs. Ofkhrf-sf quf vceä båc prfensg sfr pgtrcenbgjc
pgrg sfr kfkhrc jg C.I.X.E.

><
\FXMVBZGU - XFU\CUZGU

Cs jnpockgs fk Ighhgog såc `cspfjgjcs pfoc sntf Nbtfrbft jg

ubnvfrsnjgjf Z`furmng. (Qfdg cs sntfs nbtfrbft rfeckfbjgjcs)

 G gre`necbarîrnf jf Grkgjfo î uk mrupc ubnvfrsgo eckpcstc

pfocs quf rfefhfrgk g eckubnegíåc eckpoftg jcs = fspërntcs
coëkpnecs pfoc nbtfrkîjnc jcs pgbtçeuocs prctftcrfs
pogbftçrncs, g ecbsgmrgíåc gstrgo sfmubjc c prcefjnkfbtc
trgjnencbgo f acrgk nbtfmrgjcs ì egjfng fspnrntugo jg
 Gre`necbarîrnf.

 G gre`necbarîrnf jf jfrnvg jf jnafrfbtfs eckubnegíöfs

eckubnegíöfs kçmnegs
rfefhnjgs pfoc No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz f quf acrgk
gtnvgjgs pgrg rfspcbjfr ìs bfefssnjgjfs jf bcssg îpceg.
Fssgs eckubnegíöfs ceuotgs båc täk bgjg g vfr eck c quf sf
pcjf fbecbtrgr bcs onvrcs pôhonecs f quf pcjfk enreuogr
nkprfsscs cu jnmntgns. Jfvf-sf pcssunr c ecb`fenkfbtc jc
trgígjc jcs snbgns sfmubjc rfmrgs ceuotgs trgbskntnjgs
crgokfbtf jf uk Kfstrf g cutrc.

 G gre`necbarîrnf jf Grkgjfo î ecbstntuëjg pcr 0 eëreuocs

sferftcs.
C No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg
Xcsg-Eruz gjknbnstrg jnrftgkfbtf c aubencbgkfbtc jg
 Gre`necbarîrnf f jgs trgbsknssöfs.
Vkg vfz quf sug nbserníåc sfdg vgonjgjg bg Gre`necbarîrnf,
 vceä rfefhfrç c prnkfnrc tgonskå jg oug jfsfb`gjc
jfsfb`gjc ì kåc schrf
c vfrjgjfnrc pgpnrc Fmëpenc. Fof tfrç cs sfocs kçmnecs

>7
 sgmrgjcs jcs fspërntcs coëkpnecs jfssf pogbftg, jnvfrscs monacs
gsscengjcs ì sug pfrscbgonjgjf kçmneg f sfu bckf fserntc fk
`nfrçtnec. Zujc nssc sfrç gsscengjc ì sug jgtg jf bgsenkfbtc.
Fssf pgbtçeuoc pfsscgo î ecbsgmrgjc pfoc nbefbsc f õofc
kçmnec fmëpenc.
Fssf pgpnrc sfrç fbvngjc eck sfu egrtåc jg gre`necbarîrnf jc
prnkfnrc eëreuoc, sfu jnpockg canengo jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf
 Grkgjfo gssnk eckc gs nbstruíöfs quf vceä jfvf sfmunr pgrg
rfefhfr g eckubnegíåc gstrgo f g gtnvgíåc jc pgbtçeuoc fk sug
gurg.
\grg sghfr kgns schrf cs pcjfrfs jcs kfkhrcs jg
 Gre`necbarîrnf f eckfígr sfu pfreursc bcs 0 eëreuocs, pcjf
fserfvfr pgrg c sferftgrngjc jg Crjfk ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-
Eruz quf o`f fbvngrç uk jceukfbtc ecbtfbjc kgns jftgo`fs
schrf g Gre`necbarîrnf gssnk eckc c prcefjnkfbtc pgrg
anbgonzgr sfu pfjnjc.
Uf vceä geghcu jf ofr fssg pçmnbg, î pcrquf dç fstç prcbtc g
rfgonzgr uk pgssc jfensnvc bc \rnkfnrc Eëreuoc jf Grkgjfo.
 Qceä pcjf bcs fserfvfr pgrg chtfr kgns nbacrkgíöfs.

Bfb`ukg9
Bfb`ukg9 såc jugs fstruturgs tctgokfbtf nbjfpfbjfbtfs f
jnstnbtgs.
 G CIXE acn aubjgjg fk 7000 f g GKCXE fk 7>76, cu sfdg,
8= gbcs jfpcns.
 Gpfsgr jc quf gomubs pcjfk jnzfr, g CIXE bubeg acn «
ghscrvnjg ¹ cu « nbtfmrgjg ¹ ì GKCXE. Wugoqufr jfeogrgíåc
jfssf tnpc, fvnjfbtfkfbtf sfk prcvg, sfrng kgreg jf kç aî
kgbnafstg.
 G kfo`cr kgbfnrg jf pfrefhfr nssc î snkpofskfbtf ecbstgtgr
quf g CIXE pfrkgbfef anfo gcs fbsnbgkfbtcs, prçtnegs f
rntugns crnmnbgns. Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf g CIXE prgtneg

>8
nbnengíöfs f rntcs eogrgkfbtf ighhgonstnecs, tfôrmnecs f
mbõstnecs.
Î pcssëvfo sfr kfkhrc jgs jugs Crjfbs jfsjf quf ukg
ecbanjfbengonjgjf tctgo sfdg chsfrvgjg schrf c rntugo, cs
fbsnbgkfbtcs f cs bckfs jf nrkåcs f nrkås quf agígk pgrtf
jg Crjfk.

 G Crjfk rfecb`fef eckc vçonjgs gs nbnengíöfs jf U.N.

rfefhnjgs rfmuogrkfbtf bgs Crjfbs kgns ecb`fenjgs. Uckfbtf
pfjf eõpng jc jnpockg ecrrfspcbjfbtf.
Fbtrftgbtc, sfbjc sfu rntc jf U.N. fspfeëanec f crnmnbgo, nbneng
bcvgkfbtf c bcvc nrkåc cu nrkå pgrg o`f pfrkntnr vnvfr fssf
rntc prcaubjgkfbtf tfôrmnec. Kgbnafstg tgkhîk ukg
ecbanrkgíåc jf sfu eckprckftnkfbtc kcrgo f jf sug fbtrgjg
bg Crjfk.

Wugoqufr `ckfk cu kuo`fr quf tfb`g njgjf ofmgo jf

kgncrnjgjf, jf qugoqufr crnmfk quf sfdg, sf fstnvfr gbnkgjc jf
uk vfrjgjfnrc jfsfdc jf sf gpfrafnícgr f fkprffbjfr g chrg
jf rfgonzgíåc nbtfrncr, tcrbgbjc-c gptc g eckprffbjfr f gkgr
sfus sfkfo`gbtfs, c ubnvfrsc f c jnvnbc.

 G CIXE sf jnrnmf gcs husegjcrfs snbefrgkfbtf jfsfdcscs jf

sf jfsfbvcovfr fspnrntugokfbtf mrgígs gcs rntugns f nbnengíöfs
tfôrmnegs.
Bõs ge`gkcs quf g `cbfstnjgjf f g vcbtgjf jf jfnxgr sfu Fmc
jf ogjc såc jcns gspfetcs aubjgkfbtgns jf qugoqufr huseg
nbnençtneg.

>5
 Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf jfnxgkcs gs « jnsputgs jf e`fafs ¹, gs «
outgs pfoc pcjfr ¹ f cs « agoscs sfmrfjcs ¹ gcs quf sf jnvfrtfk
eck nssc.
Uf vceä jfsfdg ecoftgr kfjgo`gs cu jnpockgs supofkfbtgrfs,
båc î prfensc sf nbserfvfr gqun.
Uf gc ecbtrçrnc, vceä jfsfdg fvntgr « pgogvrõrnc ¹ f eckfígr ukg
 vfrjgjfnrg vng nbnençtneg, fbtåc vceä fstç bc oumgr efrtc!

Uf o`f pfrmubtgrfk qugbtcs pgns vceä tfk, c quf rfspcbjf3...

Jcns3 Qceä tfrng rgzåc.
Fbtåc pcr quf qufrfr gprfsfbtgr jfzfbgs f jfzfbgs jf pçmnbgs
jf anongíöfs pgrg prcvgr quf fssg cu gqufog Crjfk î ofmëtnkg3
Båc sf jfvf tfr efrtfzg jc quf sf tfk pgrg gmnr gssnk!...
Î açeno eckprffbjfr c quf î ukg anongíåc4 î g rfefpíåc rntugo
jg gutcrnjgjf fspnrntugo jf ukg Zrgjníåc.
Wugbtc ì CIXE quf gprfsfbtgkcs bfssgs pçmnbgs, g anongíåc î
snkpofs f jnrftg. \grg rfsuknr4 Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg, Hrneguj,
bõs.
\grg jftgo`fs, vceä cs fbecbtrgrç bc `nstõrnec eck cutrcs
eckpcbfbtfs tgns eckc c kgrtnbnskc, fte.

Efrtc bôkfrc jf Crjfbs vgn tfbtgr o`f gprfsfbtgr ukg hfog

age`gjg scengo4 jfeogrgíåc gcs dcvfbs, gcs enjgjåcs jc pogbftg,
fecocmng, fte.
Nssc î nbtfrfssgbtf, kgs agíg g pfrmubtg4 î vfrjgjfnrgkfbtf nssc
quf vceä fspfrg jf ukg Crjfk nbnençtneg3
 G rfspcstg î eogrg4 båc!
\cr quf3

>:
 \crquf ukg Crjfk nbnençtneg tfk uk jfvfr snkpofs f
nbecbtcrbçvfo4 jfvf trgbskntnr ukg nbnengíåc hgsfgjg schrf
rntugns pcjfrcscs sfmunjcs pcr prçtnegs psëqunegs fanegzfs.
\crtgbtc, suanenfbtf hoghoghoç  nbôtno
  nbôtno quf sfrvf ubnegkfbtf pgrg
kcstrgr quf g trgjníåc pcjf sfr ôtno ì scenfjgjf.
Vkg nbnengíåc gutäbtneg jfvf sfr gbtfs jf tujc ôtno g vceä! C
rfstc vnrç bgturgokfbtf bg sfquäbeng.
 Qceä qufr pgssgr sug vnjg sf jfnxgbjc ofvgr pcr jcefs
kfjntgíöfs scpcrëanegs cusf ofvgbtgr eckc vfrjgjfnrcs
nbnengjcs nkfrscs bg acríg f bg ouz3...
Bõs ge`gkcs quf g rfspcstg î snkpofs f sf fbecbtrg bg CIXE,
g prnkfnrg Crjfk quf dgkgns sf jfsvncu jf sfu chdftnvc
prnbenpgo4 rfgokfbtf o`f nbnengr!

Jurgbtf c sîeuoc 8< arfqufbtfkfbtf sf gprcxnkcu g Xcsg-

Eruz jg enäbeng.
Bcssgs pfrmubtgs såc snkpofs4 nssc î dustnanegjc3 Î ôtno3 G
rfspcstg ìs jugs î båc.
 Dustnanegjc3...
Cs gbtnmcs Xcsg-Eruz jc sîeuoc 70 frgk hgstgbtf nbtfrfssgjcs
bg goqunkng, gstrcocmng, anocscang, fte. Zgovfz gtî gomukgs
acssfk c quf cs enfbtnstgs e`gkgrngk `cdf jf enfbtëanegs.
Nssc båc snmbnaneg quf g Xcsg-Eruz trgz gomukg ecnsg ì enäbeng!
Nssc qufr snkpofskfbtf jnzfr quf gs kfbtfs enfbtëanegs jfssg
îpceg fståc nbtfrfssgjgs bgs Zrgjníöfs gbtnmgs jgs qugns g
Xcsg-Eruz agz pgrtf.
\cr fssg rgzåc fssg gprcxnkgíåc båc î dustnanegjg. Båc fsqufíg
quf agogkcs jf trgjníåc nbnençtneg!...
Ôtno3...

>6
 @cdf fk jng gs enäbengs f gs tfebcocmngs fståc kuntc gvgbígjgs!
C quf trgz pgrg g enäbeng ukg trgjníåc eckc g Xcsg-Eruz3
Bgjg!...
\cr quf3
\crquf g enäbeng trgtg jg qufståc « eckc ¹ (eckc nssc
aubencbg3) f g nbnengíåc trgtg jg qufståc « pcr quf ¹ (pcr quf
 vnvfkcs3).
 G enäbeng f g tfebcocmng såc `cdf tåc eckpofxgs quf î
ghscoutgkfbtf õhvnc quf båc sf nkprcvnsg enfbtnanegkfbtf.
Ecbsfqufbtfkfbtf, ukg ôbneg ecnsg î nkpcrtgbtf4 båc pfrjfr
tfkpc fk fstujgr cs jckëbncs quf båc fbvcovfk g nbnengíåc
pgrg sf ecbefbtrgr bc fssfbengo4 sfu vfrjgjfnrc trfnbgkfbtc
psëqunec f fspnrntugo.

C kgrtnbnskc acn jfsfbvcovnjc bg CIXE crnmnbgo quf bõs

rfprfsfbtgkcs.
Kgns tgrjf f pcr rgzöfs prõprngs g fssg îpceg, \gpus o`f jfu
ukg vnjg nbjfpfbjfbtf fstruturgjg bcs träs mrgus jg
kgícbgrng.
 Gtugokfbtf gs Crjfbs Kgrtnbnstgs quf fxnstfk såc tåc
bukfrcsgs quf vceä pgssgrng vçrngs `crgs g onstg-ogs. Gssnk quf
nssc tfrknbg, bcvgs Crjfbs dç tfrngk snjc erngjgs.
\cr quf nssc3
\crquf gomuîk afz ukg nbvfbíåc kgmbëaneg quf nbaog c Fmc4
Onvrf Nbnengjcr!
Ocuns Eogujf jf Ugnbt Kgrtnb tnb`g prcvgvfokfbtf erngjc ukg
ôbneg nbnengíåc4 U.N.
\gpus g jnvnjnu fk träs ftgpgs, 5 nbnengíöfs. Kgns tgrjf fof
gjnencbcu ukg qugrtg ecbsgmrgíåc, g jf U.N.N. (Uupfrncr
Nbeõmbntc Nbnengjcr).
 Zcjgvng, nssc båc frg suanenfbtf pgrg g gkhníåc jg kgncrng.

>1
 Jfpcns jg sfmubjg mufrrg kubjngo, acn erngjg cutrg
ecbsgmrgíåc - U.N.N.O (Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc Onvrf Nbnengjcr).
Wugoqufr nbjnvëjuc quf rfefhfu fssf mrgu pcjf fbtåc erngr
onvrfkfbtf c quf jfsfdg. Bõs vfkcs `cdf cbjf nssc
arfqufbtfkfbtf ofvcu4 g ukg fxgotgíåc jc Fmc egkuaogjc bc
jnseursc jf `uknojgjf...
 G CIXE pfrkgbfef anfo ìs sugs crnmfbs f g Ugnbt Kgrtnb4 ukg
ôbneg nbnengíåc U.N. prîvng gcs mrgus fspfeëanecs jg Crjfk…

Jfsfdgr fstujgr g jcutrnbg kgrtnbnstg î ocuvçvfo. Agz pgrtf jg

 Zrgjníåc Cenjfbtgo. Zcjgvng, sf qunsfr sfr anfo g Ocuns Eogujf
jf Ugnbt Kgrtnb, nssc ecbsnstf fk fstujgr cs onvrcs anocsõanecs
(tfcsõanecs) quf fof fserfvfu, g Hëhong f g tfcocmng. Nssc î
jfkcrgjc, jnaëeno f kuntgs vfzfs kcbõtcbc.
\cr nssc g kgncrng jgs Crjfbs Kgrtnbnstgs gjnencbgrgk tcjc
uk ecbdubtc jf ecnsgs quf båc pfrtfbefk gc kgrtnbnskc4
gstrcocmng, ighhgog, rntcs kçmnecs, fte.
 G pcsníåc jg CIXE î snkpofs4 kgbtfr c ecrgíåc jg jcutrnbg
rçpnjc aubjgkfbtgo pgrg fxponegr, f ecbsfrvgr gpfbgs ukg
nbnengíåc eckc bg crnmfk.
\grg cs gssubtcs entgjcs genkg f quf båc agzfk pgrtf jg
jcutrnbg kgrtnbnstg, såc fbsnbgjcs f prgtnegjcs bcs mrgus jg
Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz prfvnstcs pgrg nssc.

Jnmgkcs gs ecnsgs eogrgkfbtf f sfk rcjfncs4

- Cs Xcsg-Eruz bubeg fxnstnrgk bc Fmntc9
- Cs Xcsg-Eruz bgjg täk g vfr eck cs tfkpoçrncs9
- Cs Xcsg-Eruz båc acrgk eçtgrcs9
- Cs Xcsg-Eruz båc frgk fbvngjcs gbmîonecs jc Znhft cu jf
cutrcs oumgrfs.

>=
 Zcjgvng, î nbfmçvfo quf4
- Cs Xcsg-Eruz gpgrfefrgk bc sîeuoc 70 bgs chrgs jf
 Qgofbtnb Gbjrfg9
- Cs Xcsg-Eruz sf jfsfbvcovfrgk fk uk gkhnfbtf
dujgnec-ernståc9
- Cs Xcsg-Eruz acrgk kuntc efjc gsscengjcs ì goqunkng,
kgmng f gstrcocmng9
- Cs sëkhcocs Xcsg-Eruz jfrgk bgsenkfbtc g jnvfrscs
mrgus jg kgícbgrng.

 Gpfsgr jc quf vceä pcjf cuvnr cu ofr, nssc î pcssëvfo!

Vk Xcsg-Eruz (båc uk rcsgeruengbc) î gomuîk quf4
- Xfefhfu jnafrfbtfs bëvfns jg Zrgjníåc mrgígs g rntcs
tfôrmnecs gutäbtnecs9
- \rcssfmunu uk vfrjgjfnrc trfnbgkfbtc psëqunec jurgbtf
sfus gbcs jf acrkgíåc9
- Uf tcrbcu egpgz jf utnonzgr gs pctfbengonjgjfs nbsuspfntgjgs
jf sfu sfr jf kgbfnrg nbfmçvfo9
- Kgbnafstcu fk egjg gspfetc jf sug vnjg cs
eckprckftnkfbtcs kcrgns onmgjcs ì sug nbnengíåc.
Nssc båc gecbtfef pcr knogmrf, kgs rfsuotg jf ukg acrkgíåc
 vfrjgjfnrg afntg pfocs nbnengjcs prfceupgjcs ubnegkfbtf pcr
fssg chrg kçmneg jf jfspfrtgr jf sfus nrkåcs f nrkås `ukgbcs.
Fssf î uk jcs chdftnvcs fssfbengns jg CIXE!

ECBZGZC
Fbjfrfíc4 8867 B. Xgkpgrt Hovj #755, Ogs Qfmgs, BQ
0>780, VUG

>0
F-kgno4 sferftgrngtmfbfrgoLcire.crm

HCOFZNK NBACXKGZNQC
 Qceä pcjf rfefhfr nbacrkgíöfs rfmuogrfs jg Crjfk
Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz (sntf Nbtfrbft, Grtnmcs, Gtnvnjgjfs,
puhonegíöfs, fte.) sf nbserfvfbjc gc hcoftnk jf bctëengs bc sntf
nbtfrbft.

UNZF NBZFXBFZ jg C.I.X.E.

 Qceä pcjf vnsntgr c sntf nbtfrbft jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg
Ighhgonstneg jg
Xcsg-Eruz bc sfmunbtf fbjfrfíc4 www.rcsg-eruz.crm
 Qceä pcjf bcs fserfvfr gc sfmunbtf fbjfrfíc jf f-kgno4
sferftgrngtmfbfrgoLcire.crm

>>