Introduction to Law

Assignment# 1

Assignment Topic

“Law”
Submitted by:
Bilal Israr
Submitted to:
Khuwaja Ishfaq Sahab
Class:
LLB 5 years (Hons) Evening
Date: 24-NOV-2015

B.Z.U CAMPUS VEHARI

Law:
Rules and regulations which we obey and live
our life. In general law is a common sense of any
person.
There are many definitions about the law. Different
person describe it in different words. There different
laws which we obey in our daily life.
There are some different definitions by different
peoples of law which are followings:
A set of rules impose and enforced by a
society with regard to the distribution and exercise
of power over persons and things.
Cicero:
Law is highest implanted in nature.
Ulpian:
According to Ulpian the art or science of
what is equitable and good is known as law.
Austin:
 According to Austin law is a aggregate of
rule set by men as politically superior or sovereign,
conmen as politically subject.
Blackstone:
Law is its more general and most
apprehensive significance and is applied in
discriminately to all kind of action weather animate
or animate, rational or irrational.
Roscopond:
Expiration of law means the legal
system operating in a country.
Difference b/w “A LAW” and “THE LAW”:
According to
JERMIBENTHUM the Law means neither more nor
less than the total number of individual law taken
together. Thus every act of parliament is called “a
law” or “statured law”. Whereas the aggregate of
acts comprising legal system are known as “the law”
or “law of the country”
Law in Rem and Law in Personam:
Law in Rem relates to
inforcement of rights which a person has against the
whole world or against the people in general.
Whereas law in Personam deals with enforcement of
right available against a definite person or persons.

Classification of Law
Imperative Law:
Law in this sense means a rule
which prescribes a general course of action imposed
by some authority which enforces it by superior
power, either by physical force or any other form of
compulsion. The requirements of an imperative law
thus are:
(a) It must be a general rule;
(b) There must be authority behind it;
(c) It must be enforced by a superior power by
physical force or compulsion.

Sub classes of imperative law

1. Divine Law is imperative because it is laid down
by a superior authority, to wit, God, has to be
followed compulsorily, and its breach constitutes a
sin which is punishable with divine wrath.
2. Civil Law is also imperative because it is
enforced by a superior power, viz., the sovereign,
has to be followed compulsorily, for its breach
entails punishment and it is enforced by the physical
force of the State.
3. Positive morality, i.e., the rules of society
regarding moral and immoral courses, are also
imperative laws in this sense because they are
dictated by a superior authority, namely, the society,
the compulsion is the fear of falling in the estimation
of fellow human beings and are punished either by
contempt, or ridicule, social censure or boycott. The
rules of society, trade clubs etc., are examples of this
aspects of imperative law.
4. International law also is a form of imperative law
because the rules relating to international conduct
and obligation a lay down by the civilized state body
and group and controlled by united action.