Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Management
Engr. Mary Jane C. Calagui, PhD
ChE Department
Cagayan State University
February 2019
Unit 1. Introduction and Basic
Principles
Solid Wastes
Adult Egg
Pupa Larva
Properties of SW
• Other parameters:
❑ Economics
❑ Engineering
❑ Conservation
➢ Design/manufacture/packaging of materials
Hierarchy of Recycling
Options
Reduce materials Content
Remanufacture
Recycle materials
Landfill
Public Attitude
• Habits
• Lifestyles
• Willingness to change
Geographic and Physical
Factors
• Location
• Wastepaper
• Cardboard
• Aluminum cans
• Glass
• Plastic containers
Effects of Storage on Waste
Components
❑ Biological decomposition
❑ Absorption of fluids
• Biological reclamation
• Thermal reduction
Waste Transformation
Physical, chemical, biological alteration of wastes
Importance:
▪ Fuel source
▪ Land reclamation
Equipment for material
recovery
Equipment Function
basis:
oxygen usage
temperature
technology
Thermal reduction
• Pyrolysis
• Incineration
• Residential
• Commercial
• Special/Unusual waste
MSW Characteristics
• Composition by identifiable items (steel cans, office paper etc)
• Moisture Content
• Particle size
• Chemical composition
• Heat value
• Density
• Mechanical properties
• Biodegradability
1.Composition by identifiable
items
Input – Output method
• Manual sampling
• Photogrammetry
2. Moisture Content
Formula:
𝑤 −𝑑
M= x 100
𝑤
Where:
Residential: 2-4 3
Aluminum cans
Cardboard 4-8 5
Fines (dirt etc.) 6-12 8
Food waste 50-80 70
Glass 1-4 2
Grass 40-80 60
Leather 8-12 10
Leaves 20-40 30
Paper 4-10 6
Plastics 1-4 2
Rubber 1-4 2
Steel cans 2-4 3
Wood 15-40 20
Component Moisture Content
Range Typical
Residential: 6-15 10
Textiles
Yard Waste 30-80 60
Commercial:
Food waste 50-80 70
Mixed commercial 10-25 15
wood crates and pallets 10-30 20
Construction (mixed) 2-15 8
Sample Problem:
UC =