Internet of Things based wearable health startups:

A study of demographic challenges to adoption

Guided By :- Presented By :-

Dr.Shweta Nanda Amrit Mallick

PG20180130
 Internet of Things based wearable health startups:

A study of demographic challenges to adoption

Abstract:

To make the present traditional health care model more sustainable focus of healthcare
needs to be envisioned to the integrated health care service model wherein not only the
technology behind the remote connected care (Internet of Things) but the strategies to
implementation plays a huge role to overcome the challenges of penetration .
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical devices and other items, embedded
with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects
to collect and exchange data. In addition to cost containment, IoT also allows to keep up
with constant innovation and shorter product lifecycles, gather real time data for
augmented intelligence, and create end-to-end communication from
wearable/implantable/ingestible diagnostic tools to treatment decisions to ICU
monitoring to post-discharge care.
This paper focuses on the challenges in the adoption of the IoT based remote healthcare
model by various health stakeholders. The shared learning from the domains of
industry/startups, physicians/hospitals, IOT policy framework and a study across vivid
health research papers, helps to map the physician’s perspective and the key behavioral
concepts in the adoption of these devices by prospective customers.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the available literature on medical
wearable’s devices from Industry, IoT India Congress Report, ASSOCHAM Report,
Innovation Industries Conclaves, IEEE and various global researches. Also, it presents
forth a strong foundation for researchers/ startups to identify the present market
awareness and a suitable framework to overcome the challenges to adoption of these
devices.

Design/methodology/approach – Exploratory study has been conducted using different

keywords to draw a list of relevant research papers on Google Scholar and several online
databases like Springer, IEEE, Elsevier, Emerald etc. On the basis of focus group
interviewa logical framework is established which emphasis on the gap between the
present awareness levels to adoption.

Findings –Identification of adoption factors has been done by performing in-depth

interview of Sr. physicians and experts. Various constructs have been captured and
validated through mapping of primary and secondary data. Dimensions to adoption
challengesof remote connected care- Wearable Technology segment has been explored.
The challenges have been tabulated to present a comprehensive picture.

Originality/value – The paper is original and holds significance as not much literature is
available on Remote Connected Care Medical Wearable Technology in published domain
and WT has become an area of keen interest in present times. This paper will give a
strong foundation of literature to future researchers who want to pursue their studies in
this area.

Keywords: Internet of Things, Integrated health care model, adoption, consumer

awareness, challenges.

Introduction:
According to Section (h) of the Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act, a medical device is
“intended for use in diagnosis of disease or other conditions, or in the cure, mitigation,
treatment, or prevention of disease, in man or other animals”.

Heath Industry challenge is to utilize the big data collected through a wearable medical
device intended for use in the diagnosis of disease or other conditions or in the cure,
mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease. The use of this wearable device will not
only help to foster strong physician and patient relationships by exchanging real time
physiological data but also reduce human intervention.
This paper lays a strong foundation to identify the consumer awareness challenges in
Indian market for IoT based remote wearable devices as well as challenges faced by the
key stakeholders who play a vital role in the development of an integrated remote health
care model. The key stakeholders are the customers, physicians as well as the policy
administrators who may belong to the IoT application area or different smart health
environments across hospitals, clinics and pharmacies.

Wearable health tracking devices are being launched every year. These inventions
include tracking bands smart watches, contact lenses , glasses, derma patches, clothing’s
and consumable pills for continuous monitoring to name a few. The popular devices in
the present market are used for fitness monitoring but the new innovation aims to
monitor/alertphysiological parameters critical in cure, mitigation, treatment or
prevention of chronic diseases in India.

According to the Medcon report (2017),devices used for continuous monitoring of

chronic diseases have a unique value proposition because their sensors are capable of
monitoring multiple biomarkers, including those associated with diabetes (e.g. trace
ketones to signal low insulin), hypertension, and certain lung conditions like breast
health, skin health, cardiovascular health, asthma monitoring, nicotine levels, blood
glucose levels, bed sore and ulcer prevention due to inactivity during hospitalization.
Another domain being explored is in treatment and management of neurological
disorders to modify behavior and treat anxiety, depression; monitor and prevent seizure,
stroke etc.
These devices with blue tooth capabilities collect real time data received through
biosensors. Proliferation of these technologies has been relatively higher in developed
nations and has only very recently taken off in India. The more commercially available
devices in India are limited to smart watches, fitness bands and applications integrated
with mobile applications. However, India is poised to become one of the largest markets
for wearable medical device technologies in the near future. Some of the most
recognizable brands are Fitbit, Garmin, Omron, Apple, Zephyr, Xiomi, but a modest
number of Indian startups have also emerged like Cardea Labs.

Amongst the vivid pool of wearable health solutions lies a healthcare segment of
Wearable Monitoring Systems. WPM systems are a potential solution for addressing
some of these challenges by enabling advanced sensors, wearable technology, and secure
and effective communication platforms between the clinicians and patients. Baig, M.
(2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used to interconnect the available medical
resources like wearable monitoring systems and offer reliable, smart, and effective
healthcare services. Health monitoring is one of the paradigms that can use the IoT
advantages to improve preventive care and remote diagnostic. Architecture of IoT for
healthcare applications collects the data and sends it to the cloud where it is analyzed and
processed. Actions based on the analyzed data is sent back to the user by the physician.
According to Abdelgawad, A., Yelamarthi, K. (&) Khattab, A. (2017), remote healthcare
has become a vital service with the growing rate of senior citizens. Health monitoring,
rehabilitation, and assisted living for the elderly and medically challenged humans is an
emerging challenge because they require seamless networking between people, medical
instruments, and medical and social service providers. This motivates the need for
affordable, low-power, reliable, and wearable devices that will improve the quality of life
for many elderlies and physically challenged people. According to Yin, Y., Zeng, Y.,
Chen, X., Fan, Y (2016) et al., The Internet of Things (IoT) platform offers a promising
technology to achieve the aforementioned healthcare services, and can further improve
the medical service systems. As per Sullivan, H.T., Sahasrabudhe, S (2017) et al., IoT
wearable platforms can be used to collect the needed information of the user and its
ambient environment and communicate such information wirelessly, where it is
processed or stored for tracking the history of the user . Such a connectivity with external
devices and services will allow for taking preventive measure (e.g., upon foreseeing an
upcoming heart stroke) or providing immediate care (e.g., when a user falls down and
needs help).

The objective of this paper is to develop a two level framework in order to identify the
behavioral challenges to adoption of the IOT based Medical wearable device:

 An Exploratory Study has been done through Qualitative analysis on the primary
data gathered from physicians.
 A Quantitative analysis has been done toanalyze the relationship between
educational qualification, prior experience of WT, affordability status and
adaptability to IoT based Medical WT Device.

The results drawn from above have been collated to build a robust foundation to
identify the challenges behind the e-health care sustainable model .This model not
only eases post aberration care but also reduces the risk stances by real time
monitoring /diagnosing the health patterns and generating the alerts to
stakeholders based on the threshold limits.

Connected care for patients is about experience that provides an ease of access to care.
Ability to build their own healthcare record’s .Have a better set of processes and
workflows to manage their health and care .Have the ability to find similar background
patients and be part of the community oriented to future research.

This section of the paper emphasizes on the adoption challenges, however, the awareness
level is measured by the primary data predicted in the research methodology.
Review of Previous Studies
Ian Ferguson (2016) in his address in “ Mobile health: the power of wearable’s, sensors
and app to transform clinical trials” reviewed that according to International Diabetes
Federation estimates in Nov 2013, the number of diabetes sufferers will increase 50%
with a cost to the health care industry estimated to be $630 billion.

Ferguson further stated that Smartphone initially used to simply make and receive phone
calls, is expected to become a gateway that channels a rich set of personal information to
and fro from a cloud structure such as server.

Topol, E.J. 2010, in the “Consumer movement in Health care” and Kish, L.J. & E.J Topol
(2015) in “Unpatients-why patients should own their medical data” explained that many
owners of smart phones and wearable sensors are using their devices to automatically
track measure their own health, including sleep, vitals, and exercise but soon most routine
lab test will likely be obtainable by consumers with Smartphone kits, this will shift the
data ownership from healthcare providers to patients.

Seram, N. & Dhramakeerthi ,C.(2016) in “Wearable Technology Products: Awareness in

Sri Lankan Market” explained the knowledge gap between the customers and Wearable
Technology Market where their reduced awareness is dependent on the factors like lack
of product experience, low trust level, minimal market influence, Low customer
motivation and insufficient influence from marketers are also the reasons.

Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2005) in his book “Marketing: an Introduction” explained
the Innovation Adoption Model. However, steps in Innovation Adoption model state that
pushing the customers from “Awareness” to “Evaluation” can be achieved through the
use of marketing tools and strategies devised by the marketers.

X.-F. Teng, Y.T. Zhang, C.C. Y. Poon & P. Bonato (2008) in “Wearable medical system
for p-health”, explained that in Medical WT, all the measured physiological data are
collected by a microcontroller based on the processed data the central controller may
either generate a warning message to the caregiver or help detect an early disease.

James A. L. (2016) “The Baetylus Theorem—The Central Disconnect Driving

Consumer Behavior and Investment Returns in Wearable Technologies” explains that
There is a fundamental disconnect in how consumers view wearable sensors and how
companies market them; this is called The Baetylus Theorem where people believe
(falsely) that by buying a wearable sensor they will receive health benefit; data suggest
that this is not the case. This idea is grounded social constructs, psychological theories
and marketing approaches. A marketing proposal that fails to recognize The Baetylus
Theorem and how it can be integrated into a business offering has not optimized its
competitive advantage.

L.-B. Chen et al (2016) in “Wrist Eye: Wrist-Wearable Devices and a System for
Supporting Elderly Computer Learners“told that Wearable devices, such as wristbands,
smart watches, are gaining in popularity. Into such devices can be embedded a variety of
sensors which can give birth to a number of diverse functions. Our team wanted to
develop an assisted learning system incorporating a wearable device that would be able
monitor _rst-time learners' use of mouse and keyboard and provide their instructors with
useable feedback.

Gao.Y.; Li. H; Luo. Yan (2015) in "An empirical study of wearable technology
acceptance in healthcare" identifies that Consumer’s decision to adopt healthcare
wearable technology is affected by factors from technology, health, and privacy
perspectives. Specially, fitness device users care more about hedonic motivation,
functional congruence, social influence, perceived privacy risk, and perceived
vulnerability, but medical device users pay more attention to perceived expectancy, self-
efficacy, effort expectancy, and perceived severity.

Bloss. R. (2015) in “Wearable sensors bring new benefits to continuous medical

monitoring, real time physical activity assessment, baby monitoring and industrial
applications" highlighted in practical implications that Doctors will be able to replace
one-off tests with continuous monitoring that provides a much better continuous real-time
“view” into the patient’s conditions. Wearable monitors will help provide much better
medical care in the future. Industrial managers and others will be able to monitor and
supervise remotely.

He, D., Kumar, N., Chen, J. et al. (2015) in “Robust anonymous authentication protocol
for health-care applications using wireless medical sensor networks” stated that as an
application of the WSN, the wireless medical sensor network (WMSN) could improve
health-care quality and has become important in the modern medical system. In the
WMSN, physiological data are collected by sensors deployed in the patient’s body and
sent to health professionals’ mobile devices through wireless communication. Then
health professionals could get the status of the patient anywhere and anytime. The data
collected by sensors are very sensitive and important. The leakage of them could
compromise the patient’s privacy and their malicious modification could harm the
patient’s health. Therefore, both security and privacy are two important issues in WMSNs

Ivaschenko A., Minaev A. (2014) in the conference paper on “Multi-agent Solution for
Adaptive Data Analysis in Sensor Networks at the Intelligent Hospital Ward” was based
on wireless network of sensors that are used to collect and process medical data
describing the current patient state. A multi-agent architecture is provided for a sensor
network of medical devices, which is able to adaptively react to various events in real
time. To implement this solution it is proposed to partially process the data by
autonomous medical devices without transmitting it to the server and adapt the sampling
intervals on the basis of the non-equidistant time series analysis. The solution is
illustrated by simulation results and clinical deployment.

Kuptsov D., Nechaev B., Gurtov A. (2012) in “Securing Medical Sensor Network with
HIP” discussed their framework which heavily relies on Host Identify Protocol (HIP)
[1,2,3]—a protocol proposed to overcome the problem of using IP addresses both for host
identification and routing. HIP defines a new cryptographic Host Identity name space,
thereby splitting the double meaning of IP addresses. In HIP, Host Identities (HI) are
used instead of IP addresses in the transport protocol headers for establishing
connections. Prior to communication over HIP, two hosts must establish a HIP
association. This process is known as HIP base exchange (BEX) [2] and it consists of
four messages transferred between initiator (I) and responder (R). A successful BEX
authenticates hosts to each other and generates a Diffie-Hellman shared secret key used
in creation of two IPsec Encapsulated Security Payload (ESP) Security Associations
(SAs), one for each direction. All subsequent traffic between communicating nodes is
encrypted by IPsec.

Zhelong Wang, Cong Zhao, SenQiu, (2014) "A system of human vital signs monitoring
and activity recognition based on body sensor network", develop a health monitoring
system that can measure human vital signs and recognize human activity based on body
sensor network (BSN). Through the three collection nodes to collect ECG signals, blood
oxygen signals and motion signals it was found that the human monitoring system can
simultaneously monitor human ECG, heart rate, pulse rate, SpO2 and recognize human
activity. A classifier based on coupled hidden Markov model (CHMM) is adopted to
recognize human activity. The average recognition accuracy of CHMM classifier is 94.8
percent, which is higher than some existent methods, such as supported vector machine
(SVM), C4.5 decision tree and naive Bayes classifier (NBC).The monitoring system may
be used for falling detection, elderly care, postoperative care, rehabilitation training,
sports training and other fields in the future.

Research Methodology:
STEP 2: A questionnaire was developed using the above behavioral determinants.
Primary data was gathered and analyzed to study the behavioral challenges to adoption
by prospective customers.
 .

STEP 2(a): Quantitative Study

A Quantitative analysishas been donetoanalyze the relationship between

i) Educational qualification and adaptability to IoT based Medical WT Device

ii) Prior experience of WT and adaptability to IoT based Medical WT Device

iii) Affordability status and adaptability to IoT based Medical WT Device

i) Since one data (Adaptability) is ordinal and Education range is nominal so Chi Square is used
for large sample size.

H0- There is no significant relation between the education level and willingness to purchase
medical WT.

H1: There is a significant relation between the education level and willingness to purchase
medical WT.

Adaptability 5 4 3 2 1
XII and below1 5 6 3 2 0
graduate2 16 12 12 19 0
post grad3 47 31 3 10 1
post grad above4 13 4 0 1 0

Table1: To find out whether the Education and Adaptability (Purchase Intention) of the MWT is
related.

Chi-square test Number

statistic = 38.0054 of:
p-value = 0.0002 rows = 4
columns
= 5

Actual frequencies
Variable B
5 4 3 2 1 Totals
Variable A 1 5 6 3 2 0 16
2 16 12 12 19 0 59
3 47 31 3 10 1 92
 4 13 4 0 1 0 18

Variable B
5 4 3 2 1
1 0.5741 0.4376 1.3380 0.2129 0.0865
2 3.7425 1.4221 6.8253 7.5788 0.3189
3 1.1207 0.8180 3.9568 2.1975 0.5082
4 3.3248 0.2595 1.7514 1.4347 0.0973
Totals 81 53 18 32 1 185

Expected frequencies
Variable B
5.0000 4.0000 3 2 1 Totals
Variable A 1 7.0054 4.5838 1.5568 2.7676 0.0865 16.0000
2 25.8324 16.9027 5.7405 10.2054 0.3189 59.0000
3 40.2811 26.3568 8.9514 15.9135 0.4973 92.0000
4 7.8811 5.1568 1.7514 3.1135 0.0973 18.0000
Totals 81.0000 53.0000 18.0000 32.0000 1.0000 185.0000

Conclusion: Ho – is rejected. H1 is accepted, because with confidence level of 95% p value is

.0002. So there is a significant relation between the education level and willingness to purchase
medical WT.

In order to identify the correlation between two Ordinal Data that is Prior experience with the
device and Purchase Intent, we have used spearman’s rank correlation. Since the value of Rho is
negative and quite near to 0.

Spearman's rank correlation

Sample Size = 186
Spearman's Rho = -0.06915

Conclusion: There is minimal correlation between prior device experience and purchase intent.
Adaptability-B 5 4 3 2 1
Affordability-A
1 14 9 10 11 1
2 19 10 2 8 0
3 40 25 5 7 0
4 7 8 0 3 0
5 0 0 1 2 0
6 1 1 1 1 0

Since one data (Adaptability) is ordinal and Affordability range is nominal so Chi Square is used
for large sample size.

H0- There is no significant relation between the Affordability level and willingness to purchase
medical WT.
Number
Chi-square test statistic = 33.7106 of:
H1: There is a
p-value = 0.0282 rows = 6
columns significant
= 5 relation
Spearman's rank between the
correlation for benefit over
price variable and purchase Affordability
intent (Q13 and Q19) where level and
rho is slightly positive. willingness to
Sample purchase
Size = 186
medical WT
Spearman's
Rho = 0.285243

Conclusion:

The objective of the study is to capture insights from both the key health
stakeholdersphysicians and customers to create a 2 way adoption challenge framework.
Also, while assessing the following determinants from customer’s perspective prior
experience with the device does not pose a challenge to adoption .
Usefulness, security, Ease of use, performance risk, aberration occurrence, susceptibility,
purchase intention and engagement with the device

Data Analysis and Interpretation:

we present data analysis of the questionnaire attached in appendix. Appropriate statistical

tools are used for descriptive and inferential analysis. The results are presented through
tables, charts and graphs as per necessity. All items of measurement are mapped with
respect to relevant demographics.
In section 1 we present the sample distribution with respect to demographics to provide a
clear insight of sample units. Data is collected against various demographics.
Demographics are selected as the study is sensitive to them.

Data is collected with respect to Age, Gender, Medical and non-medical field, Income,
Knowledge of field of awareness, sources of awareness, health threats, benefit of
application and health care segment. The study is sensitive to all these demographics
hence a balanced sample is selected to meet the requirements.

Sample Distribution
First we present sample distribution of all demographics. Gender is one of the most
important demographics. As males and females have different metabolism, different
requirements and different type of health issues hence gender becomes an extremely
important demographic to study,

Gender

Table-1(Sample Distribution of Gender)

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Female 136 73.1 73.1 73.1

Valid Male 50 26.9 26.9 100.0

Total 186 100.0 100.0

Out of 186 respondents 73% are females while 27% are males. The sample contains more
females. Following figure gives a clear picture of distribution.
 Figure -1
Age
Age is yet another demographic as the overall opinion changes with respect to age hence
we included various age groups for study. The older age groups were very difficult to
find but the study is sensitive with increasing age hence the sample is collected
accordingly. Following table explains the distribution.

Table -2 (Distribution of Age)

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

15-25 53 28.5 28.5 28.5

25-35 20 10.8 10.8 39.2

35-45 19 10.2 10.2 49.5

Valid 55-65 21 11.3 11.3 60.8

65-75 35 18.8 18.8 79.6

75 and Above 38 20.4 20.4 100.0

Total 186 100.0 100.0

We can observe that the maximum respondents come from age group 75 and above as we
mentioned earlier that the study is sensitive to increasing age hence the sample contains
more units from senior age group. Nearly 40% of data comes from 65 and above age
group. Following chart gives a bird’s eye view of distribution.

Figure -2
Level of Education

As level of education plays an important role in understanding of technology and its

usage hence we have collected sample with respect to different levels of education.
Following table represents the sample distribution over education level.

Table -3 (Sample Distribution of Education Level)

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

XIIthStandard or Below 17 9.1 9.1 9.1

Graduate 59 31.7 31.7 40.9

Valid Post Graduate 92 49.5 49.5 90.3

Above Post Graduate 18 9.7 9.7 100.0

Total 186 100.0 100.0
We could observe that, nearly 50% of the respondents are post graduate while nearly
30% of them are graduates. The responses are collected from all education groups.
Following pie chart gives a clear picture of the distribution.

Figure -3
Medical or Non-Medical Field

Field of professional belongingness shall play an important role when it comes to medical
wearable. Hence we have collected the data about the medical field as well. In case of
medical field all operators are included i.e. medicine distributors, hospital staff, doctors
and others. Following table compiles the results..

Table -4 (Are you a Medical Practitioner?)

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

No 161 86.6 86.6 86.6

Valid Yes 25 13.4 13.4 100.0

Total 186 100.0 100.0

We can observe that nearly 86% of respondents are from non-medical field while rest
14% respondents are from medical field. Following chart represents data distribution
clearly.

Figure -4
Income
Income is yet another demographic that decides the social standing of an individual.
Purchase of wearable depends on the income of individual as well hence we collect data
from various income groups.
Following table gives distribution of income per month in INR.

Table -5 (Income per month in INR)

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Less than 30,000 45 24.2 24.2 24.2

30,000 -50,000 39 21.0 21.0 45.2

50,000-1 Lac 77 41.4 41.4 86.6

Valid
1Lac-3Lac 18 9.7 9.7 96.2

3 Lac-5Lac 3 1.6 1.6 97.8

5 Lac & Above 4 2.2 2.2 100.0
 Total 186 100.0 100.0

We could see that nearly 86% of data comes from monthly income group from Rs.
30,000 to Rs. 1 lac per month. This income group represents the largest chunk of
population hence the representativeness in the sample. Following pie chart further gives a
clear picture of income distribution.

Figure -5

Field of Application of Wearable Technology

In order to check the awareness of respondents about wearable technology, we ask
respondents that in which field of application they have awareness of any wearable
technology/ wearable device.
Following tables compile the results;

Table -6 (Field of Awareness)

Responses Percent of Cases

N Percent

Medical Wellness 102 42.0% 55.1%

Awareness Field
Sports/ Fitness 103 42.4% 55.7%
 Cloth & Fashion 33 13.6% 17.8%

Security 5 2.1% 2.7%

Total 243 100.0% 131.4%

a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

It can be observed that out of fields of awareness Medical Wellness and Sports/witness
are most aware fields of medical wearable. Maximum level of awareness (103
respondents) lies with sports/fitness equipment. The least aware field is security while
there is not a single response on implantable wearable. This category remains absent from
the responses.
Further we tried to identify the difference of awareness with respect to gender.

Table -7 (Field of Awareness with respect to Gender)

Awareness Total

Medical Sports/ Cloth & Security

Wellness Fitness Fashion

Female Count 76 79 14 5 135

Gender
Male Count 26 24 19 0 50
Total Count 102 103 33 5 185

Percentages and totals are based on respondents.

a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

We could see that the highest awareness of males is with respect to medical wearable
while females have highest awareness of medical wearable on sports/fitness.
Surprisingly, males have a high awareness about wearable application on cloth and
fashion in comparison to women.

Sources of Awareness
The awareness about the medical wearable comes from different sources. We wish to find
out the most effective source of awareness and hence the question was asked, “What are
the sources of awareness of medical wearable.

Following table shows the results

 Table -8 (Sources of Awareness)

Responses Percent of Cases

N Percent

Internet 119 41.2% 64.3%

Doctors 29 10.0% 15.7%

Sports Goods Showroom 17 5.9% 9.2%

Awareness Source Electronics Showroom 6 2.1% 3.2%

Pharmacy 4 1.4% 2.2%

Advertisement/Public
114 39.4% 61.6%
Media
Total 289 100.0% 156.2%

a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

We could observe that the internet is highest source of awareness with 63% people
mentioning it. While the least informative source is Pharmacy as only 2% respondents
marked it as a source of awareness.

Application Benefit

It is important to observe that what different application benefits respondents perceive

are. Hence we asked respondents to mark on different device application they can get
benefit from. Following table compiles the results.

Table -9 (Application Benefit)

Responses Percent of Cases

N Percent

Sports and Fitness 87 47.0% 47.8%

Remote Patient
52 28.1% 28.6%
Application Benefit Monitoring

Home Healthcare 40 21.6% 22.0%

Others 6 3.2% 3.3%
Total 185 100.0% 101.6%
a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

We can observe that the highest application benefit lies with sports and fitness as nearly
48% respondents mark that option while home healthcare is selected by only 22%
respondents.

Importance of Health Segment

Importance of health care segment is yet another important component of the study and
hence we asked respondents to mark most important health care segment for them.

Following table compiles the results.

Table -10 (Importance of Health Segment )

Responses Percent of Cases

N Percent

Vital Signal Monitors 134 67.0% 72.0%

Activity Monitors 37 18.5% 19.9%

Fetal Devices 3 1.5% 1.6%

Importance Neuro-monitoring
3 1.5% 1.6%
Devices

ECG Monitors 11 5.5% 5.9%

Others 12 6.0% 6.5%

Total 200 100.0% 107.5%

a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

We could see the importance of health monitoring segment is highest at vital signal
monitoring such as pulse rate, heart rate, blood pressure, Oxygen saturation, respiration
rate etc. 72% respondent marked it as important health care segment.
REFRENCES

1. Park, E., Kim, K. J., & Kwon, S. J. (2016). Understanding the emergence of
wearable devices as next-generation tools for health communication. Information
Technology & People, 29(4), 717-732. doi:10.1108/itp-04-2015-0096
2. Sicari, S., Rizzardi, A., Grieco, L., Piro, G., &Coen-Porisini, A. (2017). A policy
enforcement framework for Internet of Things applications in the smart
health. Smart Health, 3-4, 39-74. doi:10.1016/j.smhl.2017.06.001
3. Hongyang Zhao, Shuangquan Wang, Gang Zhou and Daqing Zhang, Ultigesture:
A Wristband-based Platform for Continuous Gesture Control in Healthcare,
Smart Health, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhl.2017.12.003
4. Ramasamy, S., &Balan, A. (2018). Wearable sensors for ECG measurement: a
review. Sensor Review. doi:10.1108/sr-06-2017-0110
5. Chi, Y.M., Deiss, S.R. and Cauwenberghs, G. (2009), “Noncontact low power
EEG/ECG electrode for high density wearable biopotential sensor networks”,
Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor
Networks, 2009. BSN 2009, IEEE, pp. 246-250.
6. Ferguson, I. et al. (2016), Mobile health: the power of wearable’s, sensors and
app to transform clinical trials. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.1375, ISSN 0077-8923, pp.
3-18.
7. Topol, E.J. (2010), Consumer movement in Health care. Pharos Alpha Omega
Alpha Honor Med. Soc. 73:34-35.
8. Kish, L.J. & E.J Topol (2015), Unpatients-why patients should own their medical
data. Nat. Biotechnol. 33: 921-924
9. Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2005) “Marketing: an Introduction”. Pearson
Education
10. Seram, N. &Dhramakeerthi, C. (2016), Wearable Technology Products:
Awareness in SriLankan Market, IJSMMRD, Vol.6, Issue 3, pp. 49-58, June
2016.
11. X.-F. Teng, Y.T. Zhang, C.C. Y. Poon & P. Bonato (2008) , Wearable medical
system for p-health.IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng., vol. 1. no. 1, pp. 62-74, Dec. 2008.
12. Ferguson, I. et al. (2016), Mobile health: the power of wearable’s, sensors and
app to transform clinical trials. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.1375, ISSN 0077-8923, pp.
3-18.
13. James A. L. (2016), TheBaetylus Theorem—The Central Disconnect Driving
Consumer Behavior and Investment Returns in Wearable Technologies.
Technology and Investment, 2016, 7, 59-65 .SciRes.
http://www.scirp.org/journal/ti , http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ti.2016.73008.
14. L.-B. Chen et al (2016) in “WristEye: Wrist-Wearable Devices and a System for
Supporting Elderly Computer Learners, IEEE Access, vol 4, pp.1454-1463,
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2553838
15. Misra, V. et al. (2016), Mobile health: the power of wearable’s, sensors and app
to transform clinical trials. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.1375, ISSN 0077-8923, pp. 3-
18.
16. Donald, L. (2014), The Internet of Things and Life & Health Insurance, Celent
accessed at November 2016 at http://www.celent.com/reports/internet-things-
and-life-helath-insurance.
17. Hwang, Chanmi, "Consumers' acceptance of wearable technology: Examining
solar-powered clothing" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper
13950.
18. Zhelong Wang, Cong Zhao, SenQiu, (2014) "A system of human vital signs
monitoring and activity recognition based on body sensor network", Sensor
Review, Vol. 34 Issue: 1, pp.42-50, doi: 10.1108/SR-12-2012-735
19. Kuptsov D., Nechaev B., Gurtov A. (2012) Securing Medical Sensor Network
with HIP. In: Nikita K.S., Lin J.C., Fotiadis D.I., Arredondo Waldmeyer MT.
(eds) Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare. MobiHealth 2011.
Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and
Telecommunications Engineering, vol 83. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg ,DOI:
10.1007/978-3-642-29734-2_21
20. Ivaschenko A., Minaev A. (2014) Multi-agent Solution for Adaptive Data
Analysis in Sensor Networks at the Intelligent Hospital Ward. In: Ślȩzak D.,
Schaefer G., Vuong S.T., Kim YS. (eds) Active Media Technology. AMT 2014.
 Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8610. Springer, Cham DOI:
10.1007/978-3-319-09912-5_38
21. He, D., Kumar, N., Chen, J. et al. Multimedia Systems (2015)” Robust
anonymous authentication protocol for health-care applications using wireless
medical sensor networks” Volume 21, Issue: 1, pp 49 , doi:10.1007/s00530-013-
0346-9
22. YiwenGao, He Li, Yan Luo, (2015) "An empirical study of wearable technology
acceptance in healthcare", Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 115
Issue: 9, pp.1704-1723, doi: 10.1108/IMDS-03-2015-0087
23. Richard Bloss, (2015) "Wearable sensors bring new benefits to continuous
medical monitoring, real time physical activity assessment, baby monitoring and
industrial applications", Sensor Review, Vol. 35 Issue: 2, pp.141-145, doi:
10.1108/SR-10-2014-722
24. http://ficci.in/spdocument/20210/FICCI-Deloitte-Though-paper-on-Medical-
Electronics.pdf
25. Crawford,E.C. & C.O. Charles (2014) “Strategic Urban Health Communication”
pp20 Ed http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9781461493341
26. Baig, M.( 2017) A Systematic Review of Wearable Patient Monitoring Systems
– Current Challenges and Opportunities for Clinical Adoption, Journal of
Medical Systems,
27. Abdelgawad,A. , Yelamarthi,K.(&) Khattab,A.( 2017) IoT-Based Health
Monitoring System for Active and Assisted Living,
28. Yin, Y., Zeng, Y., Chen, X., Fan, Y.: The Internet of Things in healthcare: an
overview. J. Ind. Inf. Integr. 1, 3–13 (2016).
29. Sullivan, H.T., Sahasrabudhe, S. (2017): Envisioning inclusive futures:
technology-based assistive sensory and action substitution. Futur. J. 87, 140–148
30. http://theinstitute.ieee.org/ns/quarterly_issues/timar14.pdf
31. http://www.iotindiacongress.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/07/IoT_India_Congress_2016_Take_Aways_report.pdf
32. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10916-017-0760-1