A.

Resistor
Resistors or also called Obstacles are Passive Electronic Components which function to inhibit and
regulate electric current in an Electronic circuit . kinds of functions, namely :
1. Serves to hold a portion of the electric current to suit the needs of an electronic circuit.

2. LowerLower the voltage according to what is needed by the electronic circuit

3. serves to divide the voltage

example of a resistor image

how to calculate the resistor value :

How to Calculate Series Obstacles and Parallel Obstacles :

1. How to Calculate Series Obstacles.
 2. How to Calculate paralel Obstacles.

B. Kapasitor
Capacitors or also known as Condensers are Passive Electronic Components that can store energy
or electric charges in the meantime.The unit of value for Capacitors is Farad (F)
kinds of functions, namely :
1. Can choose radio waves in the Tuner circuit
2. as a current rectifier in the rectifier
3. As a Filter in the Power Supply

example of a capacitor image :

 How to calculate series capacitors and parallel capacitors:
 How to calculate series capacitors

 how to calculate paralel capacitors

C. Inductor
Inductor or also called Coil (Coil) is a Passive Electronic Component which functions as a Frequency
Regulator, Filter and also as a coupling tool (Connector). Inductors or Coils are commonly found in
Electronic Equipment or Circuits related to Frequency such as Tuners for Radio aircraft. The
Inductance Unit for Inductors is Henry (H). kinds of functions, namely :
1. Can store electric current in a magnetic field.
2. Filter certain frequencies.
3. Withstandithstand alternating current (AC).
4. forward direct currentvoltag
5. Vibration generator and multiplying voltage.

example of a inductor image :

The inductance value of an inductor can be simplified by the following final equation formula:
 Information ;
 L= induktasni (H),
 N = number of turns
 µo = length of Permeability (4.π.10-7)
 l = length of coil in meters(m)
D. Diode

Diode is an Active Electronics Component that serves to deliver electric current in one direction and inhibit
electric current from the opposite direction. Diode consists of 2 electrodes, namely anode and cathode. Based
on the Diode Function consists of, among others :
 Ordinary diodes or ordinary diode rectifier diodes or rectifier diodes which are generally made of
silicon and function as rectifiers of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
 Zener diode (Zener Diode) which serves as a security circuit after the voltage specified by the relevant
Zener diode. This voltage is often called the Zener Voltage
 LED (Light Emitting Diode) or Diode Emission Light is a diode that can emit monochromatic light.
Example of a diode image :

The symbol :

Diode characteristics:
 Diodes in Advanced Bias
The first characteristic of the diode is in the forward bias. The diode in the forward bias has an explanation that
is an attempt to provide an external voltage to the diode terminal. If the anode is connected with a positive
cap on the battery and the cathode is connected to the negative pole of the battery it will cause a bias or
forward bias. This type of flowing anode activity has similarities with closed circuits. If the given voltage is
different and the current value is positive, the bias will flow.

 Diodes are Biased Reverse

The next characteristic of the diode is backward bias. In the reverse bias, the anode is connected to
the negative cap and the cathode is connected to the positive cap. That way the amount of current
flowing in the reverse bias circuit will be smaller. In the reverse diode bias, there is an advanced
 current that is connected to a battery that has a voltage that is not too large and significant because it
does not increase. When the reserve process occurs, the diode cannot conduct electricity because the
resistance value is large. This diode is also recommended to not have a large voltage and current that
exceeds the limit.

E. Transistor
Transistor is an Active Electronics Component that has many functions and is a component that plays
a very important role in the world of modern electronics. The transistor consists of 3 terminals (feet),
namely Base / Base (B), Emitter (E) and Collector / Collector (C). Based on the structure, Transistors
consist of 2 Structure Types namely PNP and NPN. UJT (Uni Junction Transistor), FET (Field Effect
Transistor) and MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET) are also families of transistors. kinds of
functions, namely :
1. as a current amplifier
2. As voltag stabilization
3. As Signal Modulation, Rectifier and so on.
as Switch (Terminator and connector)