1

Apêndice: Prova 02 - Física Quântica - Prof. J. Javier S. Acuña - 04/12/2015

I. C d2 ψ (x)
+ k2 ψ (x) = 0
e = 1.6021 × 10−19 [c] = carga elementar dx2
c = 2.9979 × 108 [m/s] = velocidade da luz d2 ψ (x)
− α2 ψ (x) = 0
h = 6.6256 × 10−34 [Js] = constante de Planck dx2
= h/2π = 1.0545 × 10−34 [Js] 2m (ξ − V ) p2
k = 8.9874 × 109 = constante de Coulomb k2 = 2
= 2
a0 = 0.53 × 10−10 [m] = raio de Bohr
2m
me = 9.1091 × 10−31 [kg] = massa do elétron α2 = 2
(V0 − ξ)
mp = 1.6725 × 10−27 [kg] = massa do próton
mn = 1.6748 × 10−27 [kg] = massa do néutron

µB = 9.27 × 10−24 [J/T ] = magneton de Borh  A2 eαx x<0
ψ (x) = A1 sin (kx) + A2 cos (kx) 0<x<L
II. R 
B2 e−αx x>L

p2 ke2  A1 eikx + A2 e−ikx x<0
ξ= −
2m r ψ (x) = B1 eαx + B2 e−αx 0<x<L

2 C1 eikx + C2 e−ikx x>L
rm = = a0 = 0.0529 nm
ke2 m |A2 |
2

2 2 R=
∂ Ψ (x, t) ∂Ψ (x, t) |A1 |2
− 2
+ V (x, t) Ψ (x, t) = i
2m ∂x ∂t
ν 2 |C1 |2
Ψ (x, t) = ψ (x) φ (t) T =
ν 1 |A1 |2
T +R =1
Ψ (x, t) = Aei(kx−ωt)
ik1 x
= A [sin (kx − ωt) + i cos (kx − ωt)] Ae + Be−ik1 x x<0
ψ (x) = ik2 x
Ce + De−ik2 x x>0
P (x) dx = Ψ∗ (x, t) Ψ (x, t) dx = |Ψ|2 dx |B|2 k1 − k2
2

∞ R= =
|A|2 k1 + k2
Ψ∗ (x, t) Ψ (x, t) dx = 1
−∞
ν 2 |C|2 4k1 k2
T = 2 =
φ (t) = e −iξt/ ν 1 |A| (k1 + k2 )2
∞ ∞  −1
Ψ∗ (x, t) Ψ (x, t) dx = ψ ∗ (x) ψ (x) dx = 1 sinh2 αL 
−∞ −∞ T = 1 +
4 Vξ 1− ξ
V
2 2
p h
ξ= =
2m 2mλ2 |B|2 −2αL ξ ξ
T ∼ 2e = 16 1− e−2αL
|A| V0 V0
n2 4π 2 2 2 π
2 2
1 1
ξn = = n V (x) = k′ x2 = mω 2 x2
8mL2 2mL2 2 2
= n2 ξ 1 com n = 1, 2, 3, .. 2
ψ (x) = An e−mω /2
Hn (x)
∞
2 p2 2mξ x = Ψ∗ (x, t) x Ψ (x, t) dx
k = 2
= 2 −∞
∞
nπ 2π f (x) = ψ∗ f (x) ψ dx
kn = =
L λn −∞
∞
2L ∂
λn = p = Ψ∗ Ψ dx
n −∞ i ∂x
∞
2 nπ ∂ ∂
ψ (x) = sin x com n = 1, 2, 3, .. p2 = Ψ∗ Ψ dx
L L −∞ i ∂x i ∂x
 2

2 ∞
∂ 2 ψ (x1 , x2 ) 2 2
∂ ψ (x1 , x2 ) 2
− − x2 eβx dx = −
2m ∂x12 2m ∂x22 0 β3
= [ξ (x1 , x2 ) − V (x1 , x2 )] ψ (x1 , x2 )
a
4a3 γ 3 + 3 sin (2aγ)
x2 sin2 (γx) dx =
0 24γ 3
ψnm (x1 , x2 ) = ψn (x1 ) ψm (x2 ) 6aγ (aγ sin (2aγ) + cos (2aγ))
−
2 ∂ 2 ψ(x,y,z) 24γ 3
− 2
∂x2 2 = (ξ − V ) ψ (x, y, z)
2m + ∂ ψ(x,y,z)
2 + ∂ ψ(x,y,z) sin (lπ) = 0 para l = 0, 2, 4, ..
∂y ∂z 2

ψ (x, y, z) = ψ1 (x) ψ2 (y) ψ3 (z) 3/2

1 1
ψ (x, y, z) = A sin (k1 x) sin (k2 y) sin (k3 z) ψ100 = √ e−r/a0
π a0
2 Zr
ξ n = k12 + k22 + k32 ψ200 = C200 2 − e−Zr/2a0
2mL2 a0
2
∂2ψ ∂2ψ ∂2ψ Zr −Zr/2a0
− + + 2 + V ψ = ξψ ψ210 = C210 e cos θ
2µ ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z a0
  Zr
∂ 2 ∂ψ 1 1 ∂ ∂ψ
ψ21±1 = C21±1 e−Zr/2a0 cos θ e±iφ
2 r ∂r + r2 sin θ ∂θ sin θ ∂θ a0
−  r ∂r
2
 + V ψ = ξψ
2µ 1 ∂2 ψ
+ r2 sin2 θ ∂φ2 P (r) dr = ψ∗ ψ 4πr2 dr
b b
ψ nlm (r, θ, φ) = Cnlm Rnl (r) fml (θ) gm (φ) 4γ 2 + 2γr + 2 3 −2γ
e−2γ/a0 r2 dr = a0 e
a −8 a
l
−Zr/na0 Zr Zr q 1
Rnl (r) = e Lnl 1µ = L
a0 a0 2M
(sin θ)|m| ∂θ
l+|m|
l
V = −µz B
flm (θ) = cos2 θ − 1
l
2 l! ∂ (cos θ) q
µB =
gm (φ) = eimφ 2me
µ= l(l + 1)gL µB
Ylm (θ, φ) = flm (θ) gm (φ)
µz = −mgL µB
1 =
L l(l + 1) para l = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
1 =
S s (s + 1)
Lz = m para m = 0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ..., ±l
Sz = ms
l
Zr Zr
Rnl (r) = e−Zr/na0 Lnl ms = +1/2 ou − 1/2
a0 a0
µk2 Z 2 e4 Z 2ξ1 J1 = L
1 +S
1
ξn = − = −
2 2 n2 n2
|J| = j (j + 1)
13.6 eV
ξn ≈ Jz = mj onde mj = −j, −j + 1, ..., j − 1, j
n2
2
a0 =
µke2

n = 1, 2, 3, ..
l = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., n − 1
m = −l, − l + 1, ..., 0, ..., + l − 1, + l

∆m = 0 ou ± 1
∆l = ±1
b b
u 1
sin2 (u) du = − sin (2u)
a 2 4 a