SIGNAL AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

ELC 122

Name: Alvin Jester C. Lieva

Section: BSIT-ELT-1G

Date: March 12, 2019

Engr. Kimuel Joash G. Caperiña

 TRANSMITTER – A transmitter is an electronic device used in telecommunications to
produce radio waves in order to transmit or send data with the aid of an antenna.
The transmitter is able to generate a radio frequency alternating current that is then
applied to the antenna, which, in turn, radiates this as radio waves. There are many
types of transmitters depending on the standard being used and the type of device;
for example, many modern devices that have communication capabilities have
transmitters such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC and cellular.

A transmitter is also known as a radio transmitter.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM – A communications system is a collection of

communications equipment that is integrated into a coherent system. These allow
different people to stay in touch over a geographical system. One major application is
in disaster response. With a communications system, firefighters, police and
paramedics can coordinate their efforts with other government officials.

SIGNAL – A signal is an electrical or electromagnetic current that is used for carrying

data from one device or network to another.

It is the key component behind virtually all:

• Communication

• Computing

• Networking

• Electronic devices

A signal can be either analog or digital.

NOISE – Noise refers to any external and unwanted information that interferes with a
transmission signal. Noise can diminish transmission strength and disturb overall
communication efficiency. In communications, noise can be created by radio waves,
power lines, lightning and bad connections.

RECEIVER – A receiver is a hardware module or device used to receive signals of

different kinds, depending on the context of the application. It may receive analog
electromagnetic signals or waves, or digital signals through wired media. The term
receiver, however, is mostly used in communication, specifically wireless
communication in terms of networking and cellular communication. It is the device
that receives and decodes signals and then conditions or transforms them into
something that another machine or computer understands.

ATTENUATION – Attenuation is a telecommunications term that refers to a reduction

in signal strength commonly occurring while transmitting analog or digital signals
over long distances.

Attenuation is historically measured in dB but it can also be measured in terms of

voltage.

RANGE – In computer programming, range refers to possible variable values or the

interval that includes the upper and lower bounds of an array.

In statistics, range refers to the interval between points of data. A statistic's strength
and meaning correlate with the sample size, whether the range is short or long.

BANDWIDTH – Bandwidth is a broad term defined as the bit-rate measure of the

transmission capacity over a network communication system. Bandwidth is also
described as the carrying capacity of a channel or the data transfer speed of that
channel. However, broadly defined, bandwidth is the capacity of a network.
Bandwidth exists in physical or wireless communication networks.

MODULATION – Modulation is a process through which audio, video, image or text

information is added to an electrical or optical carrier signal to be transmitted over a
telecommunication or electronic medium. Modulation enables the transfer of
information on an electrical signal to a receiving device that demodulates the signal
to extract the blended information.

DEMODULATION – is extracting the original information-bearing signal from a

carrier wave. A demodulator is an electronic circuit (or computer program in a
software-defined radio) that is used to recover the information content from the
modulated carrier wave.[1] There are many types of modulation so there are many
types of demodulators. The signal output from a demodulator may represent sound
(an analog audio signal), images (an analog video signal) or binary data (a digital
signal).

These terms are traditionally used in connection with radio receivers, but many other
systems use many kinds of demodulators. For example, in a modem, which is a
contraction of the terms modulator/demodulator, a demodulator is used to extract a
serial digital data stream from a carrier signal which is used to carry it through a
telephone line, coaxial cable, or optical fiber

REPEATER – A repeater is a network device that retransmits a received signal with

more power and to an extended geographical or topological network boundary than
what would be capable with the original signal.

A repeater is implemented in computer networks to expand the coverage area of the

network, repropagate a weak or broken signal and or service remote nodes.
Repeaters amplify the received/input signal to a higher frequency domain so that it is
reusable, scalable and available.

Repeaters were introduced in wired data communication networks due to the

limitation of a signal in propagating over a longer distance and now are a common
installation in wireless networks for expanding cell size.

Repeaters are also known as signal boosters.

TRANSPOSER - In broadcasting, a transposer or translator is a device in or beyond

the service area of a radio or television station transmitter that rebroadcasts signals
to receivers which can’t properly receive the signals of the transmitter because of a
physical obstruction (like a hill). A translator receives the signals of the transmitter
and rebroadcasts the signals to the area of poor reception. Sometimes the translator
is also called a relay transmitter, rebroadcast transmitter or transposer.[1] Since
translators are used to cover a small shadowed area, their output powers are usually
lower than that of the radio or television station transmitters feeding them.