Design of 10MW Generation For Calaguas Group of Island

Design of 10MW Generation for Calaguas Group of Island
By:
David, Ian Carlo M.
Lugtu, Niña Marie B.
Mallari, Renell Pip C.
Technological Institute of the Philippines

October 2018
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 1
The Project ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
Project Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 1
The Client ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Project Scope and Limitations ......................................................................................................................... 2
Project Development ....................................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Design Constraint ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Load Forecasting and Study ........................................................................................................................... 4
Geographical Map............................................................................................................................................ 6
Climate Study ................................................................................................................................................... 6
Wind Statistics ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Wave Statistics ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Sunshine/Solar Statistics ............................................................................................................................. 8
Location of the Power Plants and Loads ........................................................................................................ 9
Wind Power System .................................................................................................................................... 9
Tidal Power System ................................................................................................................................... 10
Chapter 3 ............................................................................................................................................................ 12
Stage 1: Distribution ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Stage2: Substation ......................................................................................................................................... 23
Full Load For Primary Side ........................................................................................................................ 23
Full Load For Secondary Side ................................................................................................................... 24
Switch Gear Design ................................................................................................................................... 25
Disconnector Rating .................................................................................................................................. 25
Lighting Arrester......................................................................................................................................... 25
Bus Bar Sizing ........................................................................................................................................... 26
Stage 3: Generation ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Design 1: Tidal Power system ................................................................................................................... 26
Design 2: Wind Power System.................................................................................................................. 39
i
Design 3: Solar Power System ................................................................................................................. 47
Chapter 4 .......................................................................................................................................................... 158
Design Comparison .................................................................................................................................159
List of Standards ......................................................................................................................................171
Chapter 5 .......................................................................................................................................................... 173
Stage 1: Distribution ....................................................................................................................................175
Stage 2: Substation......................................................................................................................................186
Full Load For Primary Side ...................................................................................................................... 186
Full Load For Secondary Side ................................................................................................................. 187
Switch Gear Design .................................................................................................................................188
Disconnector Rating ................................................................................................................................ 188
Lighting Arrester.......................................................................................................................................188
Bus Bar Sizing .........................................................................................................................................188
Stage 3: Generation .....................................................................................................................................189
Efficiency Computation ............................................................................................................................ 189
Computation for Electrical Power Output ............................................................................................... 189
Computation for Losses........................................................................................................................... 190
Single Line Diagram.....................................................................................................................................190
Bus Voltage Violation Report .................................................................................................................. 192
Busbar Current Loading Violation ........................................................................................................... 192
Line Current Loading Violation ................................................................................................................ 193
Transformer & Line Voltage Regulator Loading Violations ....................................................................193
Branch Current Flow Values ................................................................................................................... 193
Transformer & Line Voltage Regulator Loading ..................................................................................... 194
Protective Device Coordination ............................................................................................................... 195
Short Circuit Analysis of Final Design .....................................................................................................201
Appendix A ................................................................................................................................................... 208
Appendix B ................................................................................................................................................... 217
Appendix C ................................................................................................................................................... 222
REFERENCE ............................................................................................................................................... 233
ii
Chapter 1
Project Background
The Project
The project is about the having renewable power generation for Calaguas Group of Islands. Calaguas group
of Islands is located in the municipality of Vinzons, with 43,485 people, in Camarines Norte. The Calaguas
Islands are located in the Municipality of Vinzons, in the Province of Camarines Norte. It is known for its
pristine beaches—the most popular among these is the MahabangBuhangin beach, which is made up of a
long stretch of powdery white sand.[1]The recent popularity of Calaguas Island has brought many tourists and
travelers, especially during the summer. This has worried some of the natives and locals that increased
tourism might lead to the detriment of the island's peace and serenity. This is why the local government has
created a program that will hold everyone responsible for taking care of CalaguasIsland. [2]
Furthermore, the Island currently experiencing the power deficiency by the still unconstructed
CalaguasDeisel Power Plant causes the power generation problem on the island to continue up until this day.
In addition to such, according to ABS-CBN News [3] “The Vinzons municipal government plans the
construction of a public park, a spa, and a restaurant in place of the LGU or barangay area where there are
cottages and cabanas. It will be managed by a cooperative of the barangay and citizens.” And also, the
island’s tourist growth rate went up when Boracay was temporarily shut down due to environmental issue.
The project intended to design a power plant for the whole island. And will serve as a bridge to the problem
of Calaguas group of Island in terms of power generation. The design will focus on designing the most
suitable type of power plant that can be available in the area. The design will also consider constraints for
the effectiveness of the project such as capital cost including the labor cost, land area, return of investment
and efficiency. These parameters are given to ensure the safety, effectiveness and reliability of the project
without violating any standards and the environment healthy of the residents.
Project Objectives
This project aims to design an offshore 10MW power generation to compensate the power deficiency in the
area and anticipating load establishment that will be available in next ten (10) years in the Tinaga Island in
Calaguas.
Specifically,
 To be able to choose the best and suitable renewable energy that will meet the requirement of the
client.
 To design and provide proper sizing of distribution lines to the designated loads.
 To design a renewable energy that will sustain the continuity of power demands as an independent
power producers for the consumers.
 To design a power generation that will have a bad effect to the environement of the Calaguas Islands.
The Client
The client of the project is the Vinzons Municipality Government.
1
Project Scope and Limitations
The project will focus on designing the power generation system in the whole Calaguas group of Island that
will identify the size of the feeders that will be used that will connect to every residential and future commercial
loads in the island. The decision for the power generation to be used will be based on Economy, Reliability
and Efficiency. The transmission and distribution line design on this project will only cover the type of
conductor, the conductor size, conductor ampacity, and conductor thermal capacity. Transmission line
clearances, insulation, and insulators, overhead ground wires, sag, tension and structure data will not be
included on this design project assuming that the location is safe and clear for overhead transmission line
installation.
The project covers the design of a single line diagram to be used as reference for the construction of the
electrical power source. It will cover only from power generation to power transmission to the Barangays in
Tinaga Island. Power distribution should be handled by the local cooperative at the municipality of Vinzons
Municipality Government. It is also concerned with the safety procedure and facility conditions to determine
the needed steps to perform the power system study.
The projects will not include the exact load rating of each connected load in the feeders hence the project
will assume a load value that is closely related in the load available and will be available in the island. The
design focus only on Electrical Engineer work the other will disregard the duty of Civil, Mec hanical and
Electronics, that will not consider in the designing the system. At the end, the design project will benefit the
consumers the most.
Project Development
`
Start
Load Study
Geographical Study
Did you
meet your
objective?
PROJECT DESIGN OPTIONS
A
2
A
Renewable Energy
Wind Power Solar Power Tidal Power
Project Design Parameters
Project Design Trade-off
Final Design Simulation
End
Figure 1.1 Project Development Flowchart
The figure above shows the flow on how the project was developed. Load Study, this is the first step in this
project, look for a location where there is a need for improvement for the power system. Then, proceed to
the next step. Geographical Study, this includes knowing the geographical location, map, terrace, weather,
phenomena and knowing about the Government and local issues and other things that could help or hinder
the project development in the area. If the chosen location is okay and compatible to build a power generation
proceed to the next step, if not go back to start and choose another location. Project Design Options, this is
composed of different types of power plant designs that suitable to the project. Project Design Parameters,
is setting parameters or design variables which are needed to be determined to achieve the best measurable
performance under the given constraints. Project Design Trade-Off,is a situational decision that involves
diminishing or losing one quality, quantity or property of a set or design in return for gains in other aspects.
This involves compromising some parameters and comparing the design to choose which of the designs
suits the needs of the client and the project objective. Final Design Simulation, once the final design is
established simulation will be run using PALADIN, by imitating the operation of actual process or system over
time. By doing this simulation it requires a model to be developed, this model represents the key
characteristics, behaviors and functions of the selected physical or abstract system or process.The simulation
block is composed of four essential elements namely the Transient stability, Load flow study, short circuit
study and Arc flash the transient stability is theability of a synchronous power system to return to stable
condition and maintain its synchronism. The project ends with the design conclusion and recommendations
for future developments.
3
Chapter 2
Design Input
Design Constraint
Table 2.1 Design Criteria And Constraints

Criteria Constraints Category
Capital Cost The project will cost Php 150 000 000 – Php10 Economical
000 000 000
Land Area The area should be 0.3 sq. km – 70 sq. km And Environmental
should have an abundant resources for the
need of the power plant.
Efficiency The 20% - 90% energy harvested from the Sustainability
solar will be converted into electrical energy.
Capital Cost- are fixed, one-time expenses incurred on the purchase of land, buildings, construction, and
equipment used in the production of goods or in the rendering of services. In other words, it is the total cost
needed to bring a project to a commercially operable status.
Land Area - the sum of land within international boundaries and coastlines that will be used.
Plant Efficiency - The design should have the least amount of percentage of loss in the power plant itself, to
have the highest value of efficiency. These constraints will choose the best option among the proposed
designs that accord to the percentage of power output over the power input in the power plant. And also, this
characteristic of the performance will conclude the efficiency of the power plant that will expose how small or
large the losses that could affect the power plant.
Efficiency – an effective operation as measured by a comparison of production with cost (as in energy, time,
and money)- Power efficiency is defined as the ratio of the output power divided by the input power: η = 100%
⋅ Pout / Pin. η is the efficiency in percent (%). Pin is the input power consumption in watts (W).
Load Forecasting and Study

Year Peak Demand (KW)
2015 932.1667
2016 1091.874782
2017 1278.945688
2018 1498.067453
2019 1754.731349
2020 2055.369472
2021 2407.515923
2022 2819.995626
2023 3303.145477
2024 3869.073391
2025 4531.961735
2026 5308.42274
4
2027 6217.914808
2028 7283.230152
2029 8531.065973
2030 9992.693507
Table 2.2 Load Study via Popular Growth
The Load Study in the Calaguas Group is only made by assumption and estimation using population. Where
in the population from the islands is taken from the 2015 barangay local population in Philippine Statistics
Authority (PSA). The population was distributed to the barangay/housing cluster using the google earth
satellite view by estimating and counting the rooftops that are viewed. The population was divided to 12
members per household assuming that there would be many children per household or an extended family
since the location is under third class barangay. The load per household was assumed and estimated to a
regular standard usage per single dwelling unit.
Table 2.2 is the load forecasting for the Calaguas group of Island starting in 2015 up to 2030. The load rating
for each load is based on the population in the area, assuming that there is seven (7) members per household.
Population
Having this we had a equation of (Load = (0.08*)(7190**)) and with the help of google earth,
member per household
we can locate and identify the load to be supplied in the Calaguas group of Island. It can be observed in the
table that as the year goes the peak demand is increasing due to the increase in population and the loads
that can be available in the future.
*demand factor = 0.08
**7190 KVA is the assumed load per typical single dwelling household based on design.
Figure 2.1 Load Forcasting

(source: PSA population demand)
Pm = P2015 (1+g)m
IEEE Std Red Book: Rapid
where:
load growth due to
Pm = Peak demand after 'm' years
P2015 = Peak demand in year 2015 production increases,
m = Elapsed Time in Years C2 A2.5 Page 56
9.2954 = 6.775(1+g)1
5
g = 0.17133
This project forecasts the power deficit of Tablas Island in 10 years to design the power plant to be installed
on the island from the proposed design from Diesel Power Plant using appropriate analytical approach to
arrive at the data shown. Power loss is mostly considered in the design of the power generation, using the
reverse or back solution of power analysis to arrive at the real capacity of the power plant. The distance from
the transmission lines coming from the generation to substation and substation to feeders or load are
determined.
Geographical Map
Figure 2.2 Location Map of Calaguas

(Source: google map)
The Figure 2.3 shows the Location Map of Calaguas. The Calaguas group of Islands is composed of
seventeen islets and islands. Tinaga Island being the largest of the group where the famed
MahabangBuhangin Beach (Long Beach of Calaguas) is located. Mahabang Buhagin Beach is a kilometer-
long fine white sand beach at the northwestern part of Tinaga Island. Tinaga, although a remote island, has
two small communities located respectively at its south and southwestern part which is called the Barangay
Mangkawayan and Pinagtigasan respectively. These two barangays are separated by rolling hills while the
beach itself is inhabited.
Climate Study
Wind Statistics
Figure 2.3 shows the wind speed available in the Calaguas Island
6
Figure 2.4 Annual Wind Statistic from 2009 to 2018
(source: https://www.windguru.cz/208503)
Figure 2.5 Wind Strength and Direction

(source: http://wisuki.com/statistics/499/calaguas-islands)
The figure 2.6 shows average wind speed available in the Calaguas Island. Mostly it has an average wind
speed of 10 m/s. The figure 2.3(b) shows the annual wind speed of Calaguas Island from 2009 to 2018. The
figure 2.6 shows windiest month in Calaguas Islands is November when the average maximum wind speed
is 26kmh and the average wind speed is 16kmh.The least windy month in Calaguas Islands is May when the
average maximum wind speed is 17kmh and the average wind speed is 8kmh [4].
7
Wave Statistics
Figure 2.6 Wave Annual Statistics collected in the year 2012

(http://wisuki.com/statistics/499/calaguas-islands)
The figure 2.4 shows the annual wave statistics collected in the year 2012. The left figure shows the wave
sizes on that year from the month of January to December. It shows that the month of January provides the
huge waves, while the month of May and June provides the least waves sizes. Right figure shows that the
annual wave swell is directed mostly in the north east.
Sunshine/Solar Statistics
8
Figure 2.7 Annual Sunshine for Calaguas Islands
(Source: https://beach-weather.com/South-Eastern-Asia/Philippines/Luzon/Bicol/Camarines-
Norte/averages/Calaguas-Islands/)
The longest days in Calaguas Islands are in June, with an average of 13 hours of daylight per day. December
has the shortest days with an average of 11.3 hours of daylight per day. The sunniest days in Calaguas
Islands are in April which has the most hours of sunshine per day with an average of 6.6 hours of sunshine
per day, making it a quite sunny month with some cloud cover. January has the least sunshine with an
average of 4.7 hours of sunshine per day, making it a sunny month that is overcast at times. The ultraviolet
index is the highest in April when it reaches 14.4 and lowest in December when it reaches 9.3.
Location of the Power Plants and Loads

Wind Power System
Substation
Figure 2.8 Location of Wind Power Plant and the Loads
9
Figure 2.9 shows the location of the wind power plant and the load locations in Calaguas Island. The wind
power plant is located at barangay Tinago because it is one of the most unpopulated spot in the Island and
isolated from the tourist spots. It has an approximate area of 22 000 sq. meter which the power plant can
occupy. The turbines are to be installed to capture efficiently the energy that is to be converted and supplied
in the Island. The annual average wind speed based on wisuku.com data is 10mph, a decent wind to harvest
wind energy. The power produced is to be fed in the three feeders namely North Tinaga, South Tinaga, and
Guintinua.
Solar Power System
Substation
Figure 2.9 Location of Solar Power Plant and the Loads

Fig 2.10 shows the location of the solar power plant and the load locations in Calaguas Island. The spot
chosen for the design of solar power plant has a less planted trees compared to the other areas. And has a
wide area for the solar panels. The area is approximately 20 000 sq. meter.
Tidal Power System
Substation
Figure 2.10 Location of Tidal Power Plant and the Loads
10
Fig 2.11 shows the location of the Tidal power plant and the load locations in Calaguas Island. The Tidal
power plant is located at barangay Tinago island which is along the shore and has a tidal range up to 3
meters. The power produced is to be fed in the three feeders namely North Tinaga, South Tinaga, and
Guintinua.
11
Chapter 3
Design Methodology
Design Hierarchy
Figure 3.1 Design Hierarchy
Stage 1: Distribution
North Tinaga Distribution
Figure 3.2 North Tinaga Barangay Distribution
Priority, Wire and Cable Inc., Utility

Total Load current of North Tinaga Region
650.7288A x 1.25= 813.4110A wire and Cable, ACSR – Aluminum
Full load current of North Tinaga Region Conductor Steel Reinforced, Page 4
–5
12
3 -ACSR – Bobolink, 1431 AWG, 45/7
Transformer Rating
√3(230)(813.4110)=6.7626MVA
The standard transformer that uses is 500KVA- 3phase transformer
Figure 3.3 North Tinaga Region
Figure 3.2 shows the North Tinaga Region of Calaguas which the source is 4.8kV and the type of distribution
is ring type where given the current for each section ranges from 326A to 551A separated by 2km from Point
A, 2k from Point B, 1km Point C, 7.17km from Point D. Since, figure 3.2 is a ring type distribution, ring type
distribution will be cut to the middle and assume x and y for unknown current of the middle to get the voltage
drop of each section.
Note: Let us assume a current in section I in section AB, then find the total drop around the ring main and
equate it to zero. As seen in the figure 3.2
2k(I) + 2k(I-425) +1k(I-751) + 7.17k (I -1,302) = 0
∴ =898.6311 A
Drop over AB
VAB = 2(898.6311)(2,000)( 0.0780)
VAB =280.3729
Voltage Drop at B
VB = 4.8kV - VAB
VB =2119.6271
Voltage Regulation at B
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 13.2275
Drop over BC
VBC = 2(898.6311)(2,000)( 0.0780)
VBC =280.3729
Voltage Drop at C
13
VC = VB – VBC
VC = 1839.2542
Voltage Regulation at C
VS-VR
VREG = VR *(100)
VREG = 30.4877
Drop over CD
VCD = 2(898.6311)(1,000)( 0.0780)
VCD =140.1865
Voltage Drop at D
VD = VC – VCD
VD = 1699.0677
Voltage Regulation at D
VS-VR
VREG = VR *(100)
VREG = 41.2539
South Tinaga Distribution
Figure 3.4 South Tinaga Barangay Distribution from Substation
Figure 3.5 South Tinaga Barangay Distribution

14
Total Load current of South Tinaga Region Priority, Wire and Cable Inc., Utility
650.7288A x 1.25= 813.4110A
wire and Cable, ACSR – Aluminum
Full load current of South Tinaga Region
3 -ACSR – Bobolink, 1431 AWG, 45/7 Conductor Steel Reinforced, Page 4
Transformer Rating –5
√3(230)(813.4110)=6.7626MVA
Figure 3.6 South Tinaga Region
Figure 3.5 shows the South Tinaga Region of Calaguas which the source is 4.8kV and the type of distribution
is ring type where given the current for each section ranges from 423Ato 582A separated by 1km from Point
A, 1.5k from Point B, 1km Point C, 1km from Point D, 1km from Point E. Since, figure 3.5 is a ring type
distribution, ring type distribution will be cut to the middle and assume x and y for unknown current of the
middle to get the voltage drop of each section.
1k(I) + 1.5k(I-423) +1k(I-708) + 1k(I-1,290) + 2.08k (I -1,754) = 0

∴ = 954.5319 A
Drop over AB
VAB = 2(954.5319)(1,000)( 0.0618)
VAB = 471.9206
Voltage Drop at B
VB = 4.8kV - VAB
VB = 1928.0794
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 24.4762
Drop over BC
VBC = 2(954.5319)(1,500)( 0.0618)
VBC =176.9702
15
Voltage Drop at C
VC = VB – VBC
VC = 1751.1092
VS-VR
VREG = VR *(100)
VREG = 37.0560
Drop over CD
VCD = 2(954.5319)(1,000)( 0.0618)
VCD =117.9801
Voltage Drop at D
VD = VC – VCD
VD = 1633.1291
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 46.9572
Drop over DE
VDE = 2(954.5319)(1,000)( 0.0618)
VDE = 117.9801
Voltage Drop at E
VE = VD – VDE
VE = 1515.1489
Voltage Regulation at E
VS-VR
VREG = VR *(100)
VREG = 58.4003
Guintinua Distribution
``
Figure 3.7 Guintinua Barangay Distribution from Substation
16
Figure 3 8 Guintinua Barangay Distribution
650.7288A x 1.25= 813.4110A
√3(230)(813.4110)=6.7626MVA
Figure 3.9 Guintinua Region
Figure 3.9 shows the Guintinua Region of Calaguas which the source is 4.8kV and the type of distribution is
ring type where given the current for each section ranges from 254A to 548A separated by 1.5km from Point
A, 1k from Point B, 2.5km Point C, 3.27km from Point D. Since, figure 3.8 is a ring type distribution, ring type
1.5k(I) + 1k(I-548) +2.5k(I-853) + 3.27k(I-1,107) = 0

∴ = 761.8368 A
Drop over AB
VAB = 2(761.8368)(1,500)( 0.0319)
VAB =72.9078
17
Voltage Drop at B
VB = 4.8kV - VAB
VB =2327.0922
VS-VR
VREG = VR *(100)
VREG = 3.1330
Drop over BC
VBC = 2(761.8368)(1,000)( 0.0319)
VBC =48.6052
Voltage Drop at C
VC = VB – VBC
VC = 2278.4870
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 5.3331
Drop over CD
VCD = 2(761.8368)(2,500)(0.0319)
VCD =121.5130
Voltage Drop at D
VD = VC – VCD
VD = 2156.9741
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 11.2670
Figure 3.10 Pole Mounted Distribution Transformer
18
Voltage Drop (Single Phase)
= 2IR
0.0211
=(2)(Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase))( 304.8 )(No. of Transformer + 1)(5meters)
Barangay 1
with a 27 Single Unit having 3500VA load. National Electrical Code (NEC),
Specific Provisions Applicable to
Total Load of Single Phase Units
27 x 3500 = 95.0833 kVA Different Types of Transformers,
No. of 200kVA Transformer Used: Article 450, Page 677
Total Load of Single Units 95.0833kVA
= = 5.1
50kVA 200kVA
Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase)
Total Load of Single Units 95.0833 kVA National Electrical Code (NEC),
230
= 230 = 413 A
Nominal Voltage System, Page 516.
= 2IR
0.0211
=(2)(Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase))( 304.8 )(No. National Electrical Code (NEC),
Maximum Voltage Regulation, Voltage
of Transformer + 1)(5meters)
0.0211 Regulation and insulation, Page 37
=(2)(413)( )(6.1)(5meters)
304.8
=2 V
Barangay 2 National Electrical Code (NEC),

with a 21 Single Unit having 3500VA load
Total Load of Single Phase Units Different Types of Transformers,
21 x 3500 = 72.9167 kVA Article 450, Page 677
No. of 200kVA Transformer Used:
= = 3.9
200kVA 200kVA
230
= 230 = 317 A Nominal Voltage System, Page 516.
= 2IR
0.0211
of Transformer + 1)(5meters) Maximum Voltage Regulation, Voltage
0.0211
=(2)(317)( )(4.9)(5meters) Regulation and insulation, Page 37
304.8
=1 V

with a 41 Single Unit having 3500VA load Specific Provisions Applicable to
Different Types of Transformers,
Article 450, Page 677
41 x7190 = 123.3750 kVA
19
= = 6.6
200kVA 200kVA
Ampere Load in Barangay .3(Single Phase)
= = 536 A Nominal Voltage System, Page 516.
230 230
= 2IR
0.0211
=(2)(536)( 304.8 )(7.6)(5meters)
=3 V
Barangay 4
with a 49 Single Unit having 3500VA load National Electrical Code (NEC),
49 x 3500 = 94.7917 kVA
No. of 200kVA Transformer Used: Article 450, Page 677
= = 5.1
200kVA 200kVA
Total Load of Single Units 94.7917 kVA
National Electrical Code (NEC),
230
= 2IR
0.0211 National Electrical Code (NEC),
=(2)(Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase))( 304.8 )(No.
=(2)(412)( )(6.1)(5meters)
304.8
=2 V
Barangay 5 Specific Provisions Applicable to
with a 27 Single Unit having 3500VA load Different Types of Transformers,
27 x 3500 = 63.8750 kVA
= = 3.4
200kVA 200kVA
Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase) National Electrical Code (NEC),
230
= 2IR
Regulation and insulation, Page 37
20
0.0211
=(2)(278)( )(4.4)(5meters)
304.8
=1 V
Barangay 6
= =7
200kVA 200kVA
230
= 230
= 567 A Nominal Voltage System, Page 516.
= 2IR
=(2)(Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase))( )(No.
304.8 Maximum Voltage Regulation, Voltage
of Transformer + 1)(5meters) Regulation and insulation, Page 37
0.0211
=(2)(567)( )(8)(5meters)
304.8
=3 V
Barangay 7
27 x3500 = 103.8333 kVA Article 450, Page 677
200kVA
= 200kVA = 5.6
230 230
= 2IR
0.0211
=(2)(Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase))( )(No. National Electrical Code (NEC),
304.8
0.0211
304.8
=2 V

Total Load of Single Phase Units Article 450, Page 677
44 x 3500 = 122.7917 kVA
21
= = 6.6
200kVA 200kVA
= = 534 A National Electrical Code (NEC),
230 230
Voltage Drop (Single Phase) Nominal Voltage System, Page 516.
= 2IR
0.0211
0.0211
=(2)(534)( 304.8 )(7.6)(5meters) Regulation and insulation, Page 37
=3 V

20 x3500 = 68.2500 kVA
= = 3.7 National Electrical Code (NEC),
200kVA 200kVA
Ampere Load in Barangay 9(Single Phase) Nominal Voltage System, Page 516.
230
= 230 = 297 A
Voltage Drop (Single Phase) National Electrical Code (NEC),
= 2IR
=(2)(Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase))( 304.8 )(No. Regulation and insulation, Page 37
0.0211
=(2)(297)( )(4.7)(5meters)
304.8
=1 V

= =3
200kVA 200kVA
Total Load of Single Units 56.8750 kVA Nominal Voltage System, Page 516.
230
= 230 = 247 A

= 2IR
=(2)(Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase))( 304.8 )(No. Regulation and insulation, Page 37
22
0.0211
=(2)(247)( )(4)(5meters)
304.8
=1 V
Table 3.1 Summary Table for Distribution

Population Household Full Load KVA # of 150kVA Amp per VD
VA Transformer load
Brgy. 1 N-Tinaga 326 27 95083 95.0833 5.1 413 1.717
Brgy. 2 N-Tinaga 250 21 72917 72.9167 3.9 317 1.317
Brgy. 3 N-Tinaga 423 35 123375 123.3750 6.6 536 2.228
Brgy. 4 S-Tinaga 325 27 94792 94.7917 5.1 412 1.712
Brgy. 5 S-Tinaga 219 18 63875 63.8750 3.4 278 1.154
Brgy. 6 S-Tinaga 447 37 130375 130.3750 7.0 567 2.354
Brgy. 7 S-Tinaga 356 30 103833 103.8333 5.6 451 1.875
Brgy. 8 Guintinua 421 35 122792 122.7917 6.6 534 2.217
Brgy. 9 Guintinua 234 20 68250 68.2500 3.7 297 1.233
Brgy. Guintinua 195 16 56875 56.8750 3.0 247 1.027
10
Stage2: Substation
Figure 3.11 Substation Layout
Full Load For Primary Side
9992.6935 kVA PEC Part I (2009) Sec 4.30.2.4 page 580:

IFL =
(√3) (13800) General Requirements for full load branch
IFL = 418.0641 A circuit, feeder and other conductors.
Conductor Size
Size of wire = 125% x IFL
Size of wire = 125% x 418.0641 IEC 60364-5-52(2009) table A.52.4
Size of wire = 522.5801 A Standard for wire size
23
3-ACSR-Merlin,336.4 AWG, 18/1
Fuse Rating
I = IFL x 300% PEC Part 1 (2009), Sec 4.50.1.3(a) & Table
I = 418.0641 x 300% 4.50.1.3(a) page 630: Standard Ampere
I = 1254.1923 A ratings for Overcurrent Protection.
Use: 3100 Time Delay Fuse
I = IFL x 175%
I = 418.0641 x 175%
I = 731.6122 A
Use: 1800 Non - Time Delay Fuse
Grounding Conductor
1
Igrounding = (IFL Primary )
5
Igrounding = 83.6128 A
PEC Part 1 (2009), Sec 4.50.1.3(a) & Table
Use: AWG 6 Conductor
4.50.1.3(a) page 630: Standard Ampere
Full Load For Secondary Side ratings for Overcurrent Protection.
9992.6935 kVA
IFL =
(√3) (7200)
IFL = 801.2895 A
Conductor Size
IEC 60364-5-52(2009) table A.52.4
Size of wire = 125% x 801.2895
2 sets of 3-ACSR-Merlin,715.5 AWG, 24/7
Fuse Rating PEC Part 1 (2009), Sec 4.50.1.3(a) & Table

I = IFL x 300% 4.50.1.3(a) page 630: Standard Ampere
I = 1001.6119 x 300%
ratings for Overcurrent Protection.
I = 3004.8356 A
24
I = IFL x 175%
I = 801.2895 x 175% PEC Part 1 (2009), Sec 4.50.1.3(a) & Table
I = 1402.2566 A 4.50.1.3(a) page 630: Standard Ampere
Use: 200 Non - Time Delay Fuse ratings for Overcurrent Protection.
Grounding Conductor PEC Part 1 (2009), Sec 4.50.1.3(a) & Table
1
Igrounding = (ISecondary ) 4.50.1.3(a) page 630: Standard Ampere
5 ratings for Overcurrent Protection.
Neutral Conductor
Ineutral= IFLSecondary IEC 60364-5-52(2009) table A.52.4
Ineutral = 801.2895Ampere Standard for wire size
3-ACSR-Stilt,715.5 AWG, 24/7
Switch Gear Design

S
IDSA = * V x 2.5
√3 L
9992.6935 kVA
IDSA = X 2.5
√3 (7200)
IDSA = 2003.2237 A
Disconnector Rating
13800
VT-Primary Voltage = IEC 62271-102(2001) High-voltage
√3 switchgear and control gear - Part
VT- Primary Voltage = 7967.4337 V
7200 102: Alternating current disconnectors
VT-Secondary Voltage = and earthing switches
√3
VT- Secondary Voltage = 4156.9219 V IEC 60099-8(2011) Part 8/IEEE C62.22
page 8 – 16; Standard for Lightning Arrester
Disconnector Material: Porcelain
Rated Voltage 13200 V and Ground Voltage Fault
Current Transformer
Lighting Arrester Philippine Grid Code (2001),
(Voltage)(1.05) Section3.2.3, page 32: the
VLA =
√3 system owner must ensure that
Highest Voltage the voltage variation must be
(13800)(1.05) not more or less than +-5% of
VLA =
√3 the nominal voltage at any point
VLA = 8365.8054V during normal operation.
Use: RP1 Primary Side Normal Duty Distribution Class (ZnO)
NEC (2001) Article 310, Table
310.60 (C) (67) and 310.60(C)
Nominal Voltage
(7200)(1.05) (69), page 226; Conductor for
VLA = general wiring.
√3
25
VLA = 4364.7680 V
Use: RP1 Load Side Normal Duty Distribution Class (ZnO)
Bus Bar Sizing

9992.6935 kVA NEC (2001) Article 310, Table 310.60 (C)
IFL = (67) and 310.60(C) (69), page 226;
√3 (7200)
IFL = 801.2895 A Conductor for general wiring.
IBUS = IFL1 + IFL2 + IFL3
IBUS = 801.2895 A +801.2895 A + 801.2895 A
IBUS = 2403.8685 A
Use: 750MCM or 375 mm2
Table 3.2 Substation Transformer Sizing

SECONDARY PRIMARY
KVA Amp Volt Amp Voltage
Substation 9992.6935 1387.87 7200 724.1082 13800
Stage 3: Generation
Design 1: Tidal Power system
Figure 3 12 Different Systems of a Tidal Power Plant
Figure 3.12 shows the different types of the system that the proponents will be using. The design of the tidal
power plant is divided into single basin system and double basin system. These two system is subdivided
into one-way system, two-way system and two-way with pump storage system for single basin system. While
the double basin system is subdivided into simple double basin and double basin with pumping.
Tidal Power System Computation
Single Basin (Single Effect)
1
Ef = 2ρgAb∆h2b
Where;
Ef = Energy potential (GJ)
26
Ab = Horizontal Region of the basin (km 2)
g = gravity (9.81 m/s 2)
ρ = density of sea water (1025 kg/m 3)
∆h2b = Mean tidal range in basin (m)
Ep
P= t
Where;
P = Power Input
t = time
Single Basin (Double Effect)

1 1
Pf + Pe = ( ρgAb∆h2b )/tf + ( ρgAb∆h2b )/te
2 2
Where;
Pf = Output power while Filling
Pe = Output Power while Emptying
Computation for Efficiency

P
Efficiency = Pout
in
Where;
Pout = Output Power
Pin = Input Power
Efficiency at the generator part = (η g x ηb) * 100%
Where;
ηg = generator efficiency
ηb = gearbox efficiency
Option 1: Single Basin with single effect
Figure 3.13 Single Basin with Single Effect
Technical data of the turbine that will be used in all the sub-option of tidal
Turbine Model: WAWUSHAN
Output Type: AC Three phase
27
Frequency: 50Hz, 60Hz
Grid Voltage: 13800
Power Factor: 0.8
Efficiency 85% to 95%
Computation for Input Power IEC/TS 62600-200:2013 Marine

1
Ep = ρgAb∆h2b Energy – Wave, tidal and other water
2
1 current converters – Part 200:
Ep = (1025 kg/m3) (0.5 x 106) (9.81) (102 – 32)
2
Ep = 228.7569 x 109 J Electricity producing tidal energy
P = 228.7569 x 109 / 22350 = 10.2352 MW converters – Power performance Commented [WU1]:
assessment. Provides the calculation Commented [WU2R1]:
for the input and output power of the
Computation for Efficiency Turbine.
Efficiency of Generator = (0.95*0.97) x 100% = 92.15%
Efficiency at the generation part = (0.9251*0.83) x 100% = 73.7833%
Computation for Output Power
Pout = (84.778%)(10.2352MW) = 8.6772 MW
P
Sgen = out
pf
8.6772 MW
Sgen = = 10.8465 MVA
0.8
Note: The output power is dependent on the efficiency at the generation part and the mechanical power.
Computation for the number of wind turbines
S
Number of Turbines = ( )
Pout
10.8465 MW
Number of Turbines = ( ) = 1.25 ≈ 2
8.6772 KW
Computation for Losses
P
Efficiency = in-Losses
Pin
10.2352 MW - Losses
76.7833% = 10.2352 MW
Losses = 1.5580 MW
NEC 670.4 The size of the supply
conductor shall have an ampacity
Solving for the ampacity of wire for the Generator
Pgen not less than 125 percent of the full
IL = pf x V load current.
line
8.6772 MW
IL = 0.8 x 13.2kV
Philippine Electrical Code Article
IL = 821.7045 A 3.10, Table 3.10.1.16 and Article
2.50, Table 2.50.6.13, Ampacity of
Conductor Size
copper conductor
Size of wire = 125% x 821.7045 A
Size of wire = 1089.6306 A
Use 2 sets of 500 mm 2 + 38 mm2 THHW Wire
For feeder protective device Philippine Electrical Code Article
IITCB = 250% x 821.7045 A 2.40.1.6, The ampacity of inverse
IITCB = 2179.2613 A time circuit breaker shall be 250
Therefore, use 600 AT and 600 AF percent of full load current.
28
Rectifier/ Charging Sizing
Figure 3.14 Rectifier Circuit

S
IILDC = V
dc
Where;
IILDC = DC load current (full load)
S = selected rectifier kVA rating
Vdc = nominal dc voltage
10.8465 MVA
IILDC = 6.6 kV IEC-62477-11 – Safety
Requirements for Power Electronic
IILDC = 1643.4091 A
Feeder Sizing Converter Systems and Equipment.
Ifdc = 1643.4091 A x 125% The circuit conductor shall be sized
Ifdc = 2054.2614 A not less than 125% of the full load
Use 2 sets of 2 - ACSR MERLIN, 336.4 AWG, 18/1 current.
Maximum Battery Charging Current

C x Kt
Ic =
Tc
Ic = Maximum DC Charge Current IEEE-446 – IEEE Recommended
C = Selected Battery Capacity Practice for Emergency and
Kt = Recharge Efficiency/loss factor Standby Power Systems for
Tc = Minimum Battery Recharge Time Industrial and Commercial
(400Ah)(1.1)
Ic = Applications. Identifies calculation
2
Ic =220 A for desired battery energy storage.
Total Minimum DC Rectifier Current

IDC = IILDC + Ic IEC-62477-1 – Safety
IDC = 1643.4091 A + 220 A
IDC = 1863.4091 A
Converter Systems and Equipment.
The circuit conductor shall be sized
Fully De-Rated Minimum Charge Controller
not less than the 125 percent of the
= Idc x 1.25(additional protecting factor)
= 1863.4091 x 1.25 full load current.
= 2329.2614 A
Use 2500A Charge Controller
Battery Sizing
Total watt-hours per day = (1650+1510.56+1563+632+415+676+1072.35+986+875+685+743)(341) + 7732
+ 10018.35 + 9041.36
29
Total watt-hours per day = 1323.4542 kWhr/day
Totat Watt-hours per day
Battery Capacity (Ah) =
(0.85 x 0.5 x nominal battery voltage)
132.4542kWhr/day
(0.85 x 0.5 x 6.6kV)
Battery Capacity = 1323.4542 Ah
Minimum No. of Batteries = 1323.4542/400
Minimum No. of Batteries = 4 batteries
Figure 3.15 Inverter Circuit
Inverter Sizing
kW
Inverter Prating = (battery )(no. of batteries per inverter )
Inverter Prating = (30kW)(12) IEC-62477-1 – Safety
Inverter Prating = 360kW Requirements for Power Electronic
Number of Inverters = (inverters/batteries used) (total numbers of Converter Systems and Equipment.
batteries) The circuit conductor shall be sized
1 not less than the 125 percent of the
Number of Inverters = ( 12 )(4)
full load current.
Number of Inverters = 1 inverter
Option 2: Single Basin with Double Effect
Figure 3.16 Single Basin with Double Effect
30
Computation for Input Power
1 1 IEC/TS 62600-200:2013 Marine
Ep + Ef = ( ρgAb∆h2b ) + ( ρgAb∆h2b ) Energy – Wave, tidal and other water
2 2
1 1
Ep + Ef = (1025 kg/m3) (0.5 x 106) (9.81) (102 – 32) + (1025 kg/m3) current converters – Part 200:
2 2
(0.5 x 106) (9.81) (102 – 32) Electricity producing tidal energy
Ep = 228.7569 x 109 + 228.7569 x 109 converters – Power performance
Ep = 457.5138 x 109 assessment. Provides the
P = 457.5138 x 109 / 22350 = 20.4704 MW calculation for the input and output
Note: During the emptying process of the basin, same amount of power of the Turbine.
power is generated.


Pout = (84.778%)(20.4704MW) = 17.3544 MW
P
Sgen = out
pf
17.3544 MW
Sgen = 0.8 = 21.693 MVA
Note: The output power is dependent on the efficiency at the generation part and the mechanical power.
Computation for the number of wind turbines

S
Number of Turbines = ( )
Pout
21.693 MW
17.3544 MW

P
Pin
20.4704 MW - Losses
84.778% = 20.4704 MW
Losses = 3.1660 MW
Solving for the ampacity of wire for the Generator NEC 670.4 The size of the supply
Pgen
IL = pf x V conductor shall have an ampacity
line
20.4704 MW not less than 125 percent of the full
IL =
0.8 x 13.2kV load current.
IL = 1938.4848 A
Conductor Size Philippine Electrical Code Article

Size of wire = 125% x 1938.4848 A 3.10, Table 3.10.1.16 and Article
Size of wire = 2423.1061 A 2.50, Table 2.50.6.13, Ampacity of
Use 2 sets of 3 – ACSR, MARTIN, 1351 AWG, 54/9 copper conductor
For feeder protective device

IITCB = 250% x 1211.55305 A
31
IITCB = 3028.8826 A Philippine Electrical Code Article
Therefore, use 1600 AT and 1600 AF 2.40.1.6, The ampacity of inverse
time circuit breaker shall be 250
percent of full load current.

S
IILDC =
Vdc
Where;
21.693 MVA
IILDC =
6.6 kV
IILDC = 3286.8182 A
IEC-62477-11 – Safety
Feeder Sizing Requirements for Power Electronic
Ifdc = 3286.8182 A x 125% Converter Systems and Equipment.
Ifdc = 4108.52275 A The circuit conductor shall be sized
Use 3 sets of 2 - ACSR MARTIN, 1351 AWG, 54/19 not less than 125% of the full load
current.
Ic =
C x Kt IEEE-446 – IEEE Recommended
Tc Practice for Emergency and
Ic = Maximum DC Charge Current Standby Power Systems for
C = Selected Battery Capacity Industrial and Commercial
Kt = Recharge Efficiency/loss factor
Applications. Identifies calculation
Tc = Minimum Battery Recharge Time
(400Ah)(1.1) for desired battery energy storage.
Ic =
2
Ic =220 A

IDC = IILDC + Ic
IDC = 3286.8182 A + 220 A IEC-62477-1 – Safety
IDC = 3506.8182 A Requirements for Power Electronic
Converter Systems and Equipment.
Fully De-Rated Minimum Charge Controller The circuit conductor shall be sized
not less than the 125 percent of the
= 3506.8182 x 1.25
full load current.
= 4383.5228 A
32
Use 4500A Charge Controller
Battery Sizing
+ 10018.35 + 9041.36
132.4542kWhr/day
Battery Capacity (Ah) = (0.85 x 0.5 x 6.6kV)

Figure 3 17 Inverter Circuit

Inverter Sizing
kW
Inverter Prating = ( )(no. of batteries per inverter ) IEC-62477-1 – Safety
battery
Inverter Prating = (30kW)(12) Requirements for Power Electronic
Inverter Prating = 360kW Converter Systems and Equipment.
Number of Inverters = (inverters/batteries used) (total numbers of The circuit conductor shall be sized
batteries) not less than the 125 percent of the
1 full load current.
Number of Inverters = ( 12 )(4)
Option 3: Double basin with linked-basin operation
Figure 3.19 Double Basin with Linked-Basin Operation
33
1 IEC/TS 62600-200:2013 Marine
Ep = ρgAb∆h2b
2 Energy – Wave, tidal and other water
1
Ep = (1025 kg/m3) (.323 x 106) (9.81) (102 – 32) current converters – Part 200:
2
Ep = 147.77698 x 109 J Electricity producing tidal energy
P = 228.7569 x 109 / 43200 = 5.2953 MW converters – Power performance
assessment. Provides the
Computation for Efficiency calculation for the input and output
Efficiency of Generator = (0.95*0.97) x 100% = 92.15% power of the Turbine.

Pout = (84.778%)(5.2953MW) = 4.4892 MW
P
Sgen = pfout IEC/TS 62600-200:2013 Marine
4.4892 MW Energy – Wave, tidal and other water
Sgen = = 5.6116 MVA current converters – Part 200:
0.8
Note: The output power is dependent on the efficiency at the Electricity producing tidal energy
generation part and the mechanical power. converters – Power performance
assessment. Provides the
Computation for the number of wind turbines calculation for the input and output
S
Number of Turbines = ( ) power of the Turbine.
Pout
5.6116 MW
4.4892 KW

P
P in
4.4892 MW - Losses
84.778% =
4.4892 MW
Losses = 0.6833 MW
Solving for the ampacity of wire for the Generator

Pgen NEC 670.4 The size of the supply
IL =
pf x Vline conductor shall have an ampacity
4.4892 MW
IL = 0.8 x 13.2kV not less than 125 percent of the full
IL = 425.1136 A load current.

Use 2 sets of 500 mm2 + 38 mm2 THHW Wire copper conductor
For feeder protective device
IITCB = 250% x 821.7045 A Philippine Electrical Code Article
IITCB = 1062.784 A
2.40.1.6, The ampacity of inverse
Therefore, use 600 AT and 600 AF
time circuit breaker shall be 250
34
S
IILDC =
Vdc
Where;
4.4892 MVA
IILDC = 6.6 kV IEC-62477-11 – Safety
IILDC = 680.1818 A Requirements for Power Electronic
Feeder Sizing Converter Systems and Equipment.
Ifdc = 680.1818 A x 125% The circuit conductor shall be sized
Ifdc = 850.2273 A not less than 125% of the full load
Use 2 sets of 500 mm2 THHW current.

C x Kt
Ic = IEEE-446 – IEEE Recommended
Tc
Ic = Maximum DC Charge Current Practice for Emergency and
C = Selected Battery Capacity Standby Power Systems for
Kt = Recharge Efficiency/loss factor Industrial and Commercial
Tc = Minimum Battery Recharge Time Applications. Identifies calculation
(400Ah)(1.1)
Ic = for desired battery energy storage.
2
Ic =220 A

IDC = IILDC + Ic
IDC = 680.1818 A + 220 A
IDC = 900.1818 A
Fully De-Rated Minimum Charge Controller

= 900.1818 x 1.25
= 1125.2273 A
Use 1200 A Charge Controller
Battery Sizing
+ 10018.35 + 9041.36
35
132.4542kWhr/day
(0.85 x 0.5 x 6.6kV)

Inverter Sizing
kW IEC-62477-1 – Safety
Inverter Prating = ( )(no. of batteries per inverter ) Requirements for Power Electronic
battery
Inverter Prating = (30kW)(12) Converter Systems and Equipment.
Inverter Prating = 360kW The circuit conductor shall be sized
Number of Inverters = (inverters/batteries used) (total numbers of not less than the 125 percent of the
batteries) full load current.
1
Number of Inverters = ( )(4)
12
Option 4: Double basin with paired-basin Operation
Figure 3.19 Double Basin with Paired-Basin Operation

At higher basin
1
Ep = ρgAb∆h2b IEC/TS 62600-200:2013 Marine
2
1
Ep = 2 (1025 kg/m3) (0.5 x 106) (9.81) (102 – 32) Energy – Wave, tidal and other water
Ep = 228.7569 x 109 J current converters – Part 200:
P = 228.7569 x 109 / 22350 = 10.2352 MW Electricity producing tidal energy
At lower basin converters – Power performance
1 assessment. Provides the
Ep = ρgAb∆h2b
2 calculation for the input and output
1
Ep = 2 (1025 kg/m3) (.235 x 106) (9.81) (102 – 32) power of the Turbine.
Ep = 107.51576 x 109 J
P = 228.7569 x 109 / 22350 = 4.81055 MW
PT = 15.04575 MW
36

Pout = (84.778%)(15.04575MW) = 12.7555 MW
P
Sgen = out
pf IEC/TS 62600-200:2013 Marine
12.7555 MW
Sgen = = 15.94438 MVA Energy – Wave, tidal and other water
0.8
Note: The output power is dependent on the efficiency at the current converters – Part 200:
generation part and the mechanical power. Electricity producing tidal energy
converters – Power performance
Computation for the number of wind turbines assessment. Provides the
S
Number of Turbines = ( ) calculation for the input and output
Pout
15.94438 MW power of the Turbine.
Number of Turbines = ( 12.7555 MW
) = 1.25 ≈ 2

P
P in
15.04575 MW - Losses
84.778% =
15.04575 MW
Losses = 2.2903 MW
Solving for the ampacity of wire for the Generator NEC 670.4 The size of the supply
Pgen conductor shall have an ampacity
IL =
pf x Vline not less than 125 percent of the full
12.7555 MW
IL = load current.
0.8 x 13.2kV
IL = 1207.9072 A
Use 2 sets of 3 -ACSR – Flamingo, 666.6 AWG, 24/7 copper conductor
For feeder protective device Philippine Electrical Code Article

IITCB = 250% x 821.7045 A 2.40.1.6, The ampacity of inverse
IITCB = 2179.2613 A time circuit breaker shall be 250
Therefore, use 1000 AT and 1000 AF percent of full load current.
Figure 3 20 Rectifier Circuit
37
S
IILDC =
Vdc
Where;
15.94438 MVA
IILDC =
6.6 kV
IILDC = 2415.8152 A
Feeder Sizing IEC-62477-11 – Safety

Ifdc = 2415.8152 A x 125% Requirements for Power Electronic
Ifdc = 3019.769 A Converter Systems and Equipment.
Use 3 set of 2 – ACSR - Martin, 1351.5 AWG, 54/19 The circuit conductor shall be sized
Maximum Battery Charging Current not less than 125% of the full load
C x Kt
Ic = T current.
c
Ic = Maximum DC Charge Current
C = Selected Battery Capacity
Kt = Recharge Efficiency/loss factor IEEE-446 – IEEE Recommended
Tc = Minimum Battery Recharge Time Practice for Emergency and
(400Ah)(1.1)
Ic = Standby Power Systems for
2
Ic =220 A Industrial and Commercial
Applications. Identifies calculation
Total Minimum DC Rectifier Current for desired battery energy storage.
IDC = IILDC + Ic
IDC = 3019.769 A + 220 A
IDC = 3219.769 A IEC-62477-1 – Safety
Fully De-Rated Minimum Charge Controller Converter Systems and Equipment.
= Idc x 1.25(additional protecting factor) The circuit conductor shall be sized
= 3219.769 x 1.25 not less than the 125 percent of the
= 4024.71125 A full load current.
Use 4100 A Charge Controller
Battery Sizing
Total watt-hours per day = (1650+1510.56+1563+632+415+676+1072.35+986+875+685+743) (341) +
7732 + 10018.35 + 9041.36
132.4542kWhr/day
Battery Capacity (Ah) = (0.85 x 0.5 x 6.6kV)
38
Figure 3.21 Inverter Circuit
Inverter Sizing
kW IEC-62477-1 – Safety
Inverter Prating = (battery )(no. of batteries per inverter ) Requirements for Power Electronic
Inverter Prating = (30kW) (12) Converter Systems and Equipment.
Inverter Prating = 360kW The circuit conductor shall be sized
Number of Inverters = (inverters/batteries used) (total numbers of not less than the 125 percent of the
batteries) full load current.
1
Number of Inverters = ( )(4)
12
Design 2: Wind Power System
Figure 3.22 Different Systems of a Wind Power System
39
Wind Power System Computation
Power Computation
1
Pin= 2 ρA Av3 CP , in terms of watt (mechanical power)
Where Pin = power input of the turbine
ρA = density of air (kg/m3)

A = Rotor swept area, area of the wind passing through perpendicular to the wind
A = πr2 (m2)
v = velocity of wind (m/s) The IEC 61400-12 is a standard for
CP = power coefficient ( Bet’z Limit)
measurement of wind turbine power
Computation for efficiency: curves. This standard describes how to
Pout correct power curves measured at one
Efficiency, η=
Pin site specific air density to the standard
Where: Pout = power output of the turbine
air density of 1.225 kg/m3.
Pin = power input of the turbine
For the Efficiency,

Efficiency at the generation part = ( ηg *ηb) * 100%
Where: ηg = generator efficiency
ηb = gearbox efficiency
Computation for Power Output

Pout= ηg (Pin)
Where: Pout = power output of the turbine
Pin = power input of the turbine
ηg =generator efficiency
Optimum arrangement of a wind farm is shown below
Figure 3 23 Optimum arrangement of a wind farm is shown below (Source: A review on the inclusion of
wind generation in power system studies (Elsevier- Impact Factor- 8.050) - Scientific Figure on
ResearchGate. Available from httpswww.researchgate.netWind-farm-with
40
Option 1: Savonius Vertical Wind Turbine with Monopile Foundation
Power Computation
2
1 92
Pin= (1.225)π( ) (7.21)3 (0.59) IEC Class III – air density
2 2
Pin = 889.1949 kW 1.225 kg/m3, average annual
wind is below 7.5m/s.
Efficiency Computation
Efficiency of generator = (0.95 * 0.97) * 100% = 92.15%
Efficiency at the generation part = (0.9215 * 0.91) * 100% = 83.8565%
Computation for Electrical Power Output

POUT = (0.875425) (889.1949 kW) = 778.4235 kW
Computation for Number of Wind Turbines

10MW
Number of wind turbines = = 13 wind turbines
778.4235 kW

Power Input – losses
Efficiency of generator =
Power Input
889.1949 kW – losses
92.15% =
889.1949 kW
Losses = 69.8018 kW
Computation for Losses for the Turbine

Total losses = losses * number of wind turbines
Total losses = 70.6804kW * 13
Total losses = 0.9074 MW
Figure 3.24 Arrangement for option 1
41
Option 2: Darrieus Vertical Wind Turbine with Monopile Foundation
Power Computation
2
1 89.5
Pin= (1.225)π( ) (7.21)3 (0.59)
2 2
Pin = 841.5257 kW

POUT = (0.875425) (841.5257kW) = 736.6926kW

10MW
736.6926kW

Power Input
92.15% =
841.5257 kW
Losses = 66.0598 kW

Total losses = (losses) (number of wind turbines)
Total losses = 66.0598 kW* 14
42
Option 3: Savonius Vertical Wind Turbine with Fixed Tripod Foundation
Power Computation
2
1 92 IEC Class III – air density
Pin= (1.225)π( ) (7.22)3 (0.59)
2 2 1.225 kg/m3, average annual
Pin = 808.5336 kW

POUT = (0.875425) (808.5336 kW) = 707.8105 kW

10MW
707.8105kW

Power Input
92.15% =
808.5336 kW
Losses = 63.4699 kW

Total losses = 63.4699 kW * 14
43
Option 4: Darrieus Vertical Wind Turbine with Fixed Tripod Foundation
Power Computation
2
1 89.5
Pin= (1.225)π( ) (7.22)3 (0.59)
2 2
Pin = 762.7338 kW

POUT = (0.875425) (762.7338 kW) = 667.7162 kW

10MW
667.7162 kW

Power Input
92.15% =
762.7338 kW
Losses = 59.8746 kW

44
Option 5: Savonius Vertical Wind Turbine with Floating Foundation
Power Computation
1 92
2 IEC Class III – air density
Pin= (1.225)π( ) (7.5)3 (0.59) 1.225 kg/m3, average annual
2 2
Pin = 805.1179 kW

POUT = (0.875425) (805.1179 kW) = 704.8203 kW

10MW
704.8203 kW

Power Input
92.15% =
805.1179 kW
Losses = 63.2018 kW

Figure 3 28 Arrangement for option 5
45
Option 6: Darrieus Vertical Wind Turbine with Floating Foundation
Power Computation
2
1 89.5
Pin= (1.225)π( ) (7.5)3 (0.59)
2 2
Pin = 756.7737 kW

POUT = (0.875425) (662.4986) = 745.9656 kW

10MW
745.9656kW

Power Input
756.7737 kW– losses
92.15% =
756.7737 kW
Losses = 66.8913 kW

46
Simulation for the Generation of the Wind Power System
Figure 3.30 Shows the graph of the wind speed and the Power that can be harvested
Design 3: Solar Power System
Figure 3 31 Different Systems of a Solar Power Plant

Figure 3.31 shows the different types of the system that the proponents will be using. The design of the solar
power plant is divided into 3 different types of inverter and 3 different types of batteries.
47
Site Map
Figure 3.32 location map of the PV Modules or the Solar Power Plant
Figure 3.32 shows the location of the power plant. It is located in the northern side of the ocean of Tinaga
island and each PV modules were mounted in a floating structure.
Structure
Figure 3.33 A floating PV structure product by Sumitomo Mitsui

Floating solar PV system could be installed on various water bodies, therefore, this technology could be the
integrated with other facilities such as hydro power, irrigation, thermal power, water treatment.
48
Inter Row Spacing of Modules
Figure 3 34 Shows the Spacing of Each Modules
Computation for Height Difference:

Height Difference = Sin (Tilt Angle) × Module Width
Height Difference = Sin (16) × 39.4
Height Difference = 10.86011182” rounded down to 10
Computation for Module Row Spacing:

Height Difference
Module Row Spacing =
Tan (solar elevation angle)
10
Module Row Spacing = Tan (32)
Module Row Spacing = 16.00334529” rounded up to 17”
Solar Power Computation
PV Panel Parameter:
Brand Name: Suntellite
Module Type: ESP 260 6M
Module Dimensions: 1640 x 990 x 40mm
Weight: 19.00kg
Table 3.1 PV Solar Panel Specification
STC Peak Power [Wp] 2.5K

NOCT Peak Power [Wp] 2048
Efficiency [%] 16.8
Test conditions STC NOCT
Voltage at Pmax Vmpp [V] 32.57 29.63
Current at Pmax Imp [A] 8.47 6.79
49
Open-circuit voltage Voc 39.03 36.09
[V] Short-circuit current Isc [A] 8.99 7.30
Max. system voltage U [V] 1000
Temperature coefficient of Isc %/K +0.07+/-0.02
Temperature coefficient of Voc %/K -0.34+/-0.01
Temperature coefficient of Pmax %/K -0.46+/-0.02
NOCT 46+/-2° C
Efficiency reduction at 200 W/m2, 25° C <5%
Option 1 Central Inverter with Lead-Acid Battery Storage
Figure 3 35 Shows the layout of a PV system using a Central Inverter
Parameters:
Brand Name: ABB
Model: PVS8000
Minimum MPPT voltage (V): 525 V
Maximum MPPT voltage (V): 825 V
Maximum input voltage (V): 1000 V
Nominal AC power (kW): 630 kW
No. of CB connected to one inverter, q: 5
Inverter Sizing
Determination of Oscillating Frequency
1
Frequency, f=1.1xCtxRf, where
Time Capacitor (CT)=0.22µF
Variable Resistor (VR)=10kΩ
Fixed Resistor (RF)=56kΩ
Time Resistor (RT)=56kΩ+10kΩ=66kΩ
1 IEC 62109-2 (2011). Particular
f=1.1x0.22x106x66x103
requirements for inverters use in
f=60Hz
Determination of the Transistor Switching Current photovoltaic systems, p.60
1 1
T= =
f 60Hz
50
T=0.02sec
Cdv 1000x10−6 x3.67
Ig= =
dt 0.02
Ig=183.5Ma
Analysis of Power Switch Circuit
Inverter output power = 2200 kW
Output voltage = 600 Volts
Inverter input voltage = 1500 Volts
Frequency = 60 Hz
Power factor = 98.8%
P
Apparent power (S) =
pf
2200kW
S=
0.988
S = 2.23MVA
Therefore, the full load current flowing at the transformer primary;
Real Power (P) = current (I) x Voltage
2200kW = I x 1500
2200kW
I = 1500 = 1,467A
Determination of the Drain Current of the MOSFET
From the inverter, total power is 2200 watts
Maximum input voltage is 1500V
Therefore, the drain current
P 2200kW
ID=V= 1500
ID= 1,467A
Where the voltage output of the inverter (V o) = 600V
P
Full load output current, (IFL)= IEC 62109-2 (2011). Particular
Vo
(IFL)=
2200 requirements for inverters use in
600
(IFL)=3,667A photovoltaic systems, p.60
PV module computation
Peak Demand*Operating Hours
Average Daily Energy =
Inverter Efficiency
9.992MW * 12hr
Average Daily Energy = = IEEE Std. 1562 (2007). Array Sizing,
0.988
Average Daily Energy = 121.3688 MWhr Section 9, p.156
Average Daily Energy
Adjusted Daily Energy = Battery *Total Solar Resource Factor
eff.
121.3688MWhr
Adjusted Daily Energy =
0.95*0.80
Adjusted Daily Energy = 119.9654 MWhr
Adjusted Daily Energy
Array Size = Average Sun hours per day
119.9654MWhr
Array Size =
12 hr
Array Size = 10MW
51
Array Size
Maximum No. of PV Module =
Desired Capacity of PV Module
10MW
Maximum No. of PV Module = 5 kW
Maximum No. of PV Module = 5000 modules
Average Load at Noontime and System Size
Average Load at Noon Time = no. of solar panel x NOCT Power Rating of Solar Module
Average Load at Noon Time = 5000 x 2048W
Average Load at Noon Time = 10.24 MW
System Size = no. of solar panel x Pmax
System Size = 5000 x 1400 = 7 MW
Voltage at High and Low Temperature
Voc at Low Temp. = (Area Record Low Temp. - 25° C) x -0.118V/C + Voc @ STC
Voc at Low Temp. = (27° C - 25° C) x -0.118V/C + 39.03V
Voc at Low Temp. = 38.794 V
Vmp at High Temp. = (Area avg. High Temp. - 25° C) x -0.118V/C +Vmp @ STC
Vmp at High Temp. = (32° C - 25° C) x -0.118V/C + 32.57V
Vmp at High Temp. = 31.744V
No. of Modules in Series and in Parallel
Maximum input voltage
Maximum no. of solar modules in series per string = V at low teamperature
oc
1000
Maximum no. of solar modules in series per string =
47.136
Maximum no. of solar modules in series per string = 19.128 ≈ 20
Maximum input current
Maximum no. of string per inverter =
Isc
Inverter's Maximum Short Circuit DC Current
Maximum no. of string per inverter = Solar Modules Isc
4480
8.99
Maximum no. of string per inverter = 488
Maximum no. of PV module
No. of String in Parallel = No. of PV per string
5000
No. of String in Parallel =
20
No. of String in Parallel = 250
No. of Central Inverters
Peak Demand
No. of Central Inverter =
Desired Rating of Inverter
10MW
Estimated no. of inverter =
2200kW
Estimated no. of inverter = 4.55 ≈ 5 inverters
Battery Sizing
Conditions:
Power depend on the battery (ELBd):
ELBd = Ep / ηI = 16 / 0.97 = 16.84 kWh/day
Continuous no sunshine days (Nd): 2 days
Available battery discharge level (UB): 0.7
(Residual capacity: 90% - 20%)
Design margin of a battery (RB): 1.2
52
Calculation of battery capacity (BkWh):
BkWh = 16.84 * 2 days * 1.2 / 0.7 = 57.74 kWh / 230√3
Battery capacity ≧ 57.74 kWh = 144.94 Ah
Average Demand*No. of days of autonomy

Average Daily Watt-Hours =
Inverter Efficiency
10 MW x 24 hr
0.988
Average Daily Watt-Hours = 242.91 MWhr IEEE Std 1562-2007. PV Array

sizing,Section 9. IEEE Guide for Array and
Average Daily Energy Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic
Total Ah of batteries =
Nominal Battery Voltage (PV) Systems,pp.5-7, 2008.
242.91 MWhr
51.8 V
Total Ah of batteries = 4.69 MAh
Total Ah of Batteries*No. of Autonomy
Adjusted total Ah of batteries =
Depth of Discharge
4.69 Mah * 2 days
0.50
Adjusted total Ah of batteries = 11.72 MAh
Ah of battery
Minimum No. of Batteries =
Desired Ah rating of Battery
11.72 Mah
189 Ah
Minimum No. of Batteries = 62011
Minimum No. of Battery
No. of Batteries per Inverter=
No. of Inverters
62011
5
No. of Batteries per inverter = 12402
Nominal Input Voltage Range
No. of Batteries in Series =
Battery Nominal Voltage
1500
51.8
No. of Batties in Series = 29
No. of Battery per Inverter
No. of Batteries in Parallel =
No. of Battery in Series
14402
29
53
No. of Batteries in Parallel = 428
Total No. of Batteries = No. of battery in series * No. of battery in parallel * No. of inverters
Total No. of Batteries = 29 * 428 * 5
Total No. of Batteries = 62060 IEEE Standard 1144-1996,
Voltage-window adjustment for mismatch reducing for battery and
(10.6.e): IEEE Recommended
panel array:
Controller low-voltage disconnect set point: 100 V Practices for Sizing Nickel-
Adjusted Vmin: 100 V Cadmium Batteries for Photovoltaic
Controller full-charge voltage set point: 150 V (PV) Systems
Maximum current draw from the battery: 150 A
Functional-hour rate: = 425.16 / 150 = 2.83 h
Estimated Annual Energy Production

System Size x Power Rating @NOTC x Sun Hours
Estimated Annual Energy Production = Power Rating @STC
1-Inverter ineffiency-line losses
7 MW x 250 w x 12 hour
Estimated Annual Energy Production = = 335 w
1-1.2%-3%
Estimated Annual Energy Production = 114.27MWhr
Estimated Annual Energy Production = 114.27MWh x 365.25 days
Estimated Annual Energy Production = 41,738.46MWhr per year
Voltage Correction
Voc of inverter
No. of PV per String =
Solar PV Module Open Circuit Voltage * Deration Factor
620 V NEC Article 310.16, Ambient

No. of PV per String = Temperature Correction,Conductors for
45.16 V * 0.76
General Wiring.National Electrical
No. of PV per String = 18 Code,p.154, 2010.
No. of String in Parallel = NEC Article 690.7, Storage Batteries
No. of PV per string
34,544 and Installations,.National Electrical
18 Code,pp.605-607, 2010.
MPPT Charge Controller Sizing

Peak power per string
Charge Controller Current = IEEE Std 1562-2007. PV Array
Operating Voltage
300 W x 20 sizing,Section 9. IEEE Guide for Array and
Charge Controller Current = Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic
480 V
(PV) Systems, pp.5-7, 2008.
Charge Controller Current = 15 A
54
Short Circuit Analysis
Vbase =13.8kv
Sbase =50MVA
13.8kv
Vgrid = =1<0 pu
13.8kv
2
20 13.8kv 50MVA
Xgrid = ( )( ) = 0.238 pu
100 42MVA 13.8kv2
0.0521+j0.1135
XC12 = (40) ( 2 ) = 0.02 pu
13.8kv
50MVA
2
12 13.8kv 50MVA
XT9 = ( <tan -1 (29.97)) ( )( ) = 4.0018x10-3 + j0.1199 pu
100 50MVA 13.8kv2
150kv
Vbase A =69kv ( ) =150kv
13.8kv
0.1504 + j0.0858
XC11 =(70) ( 2 ) = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
150kv
50MVA
0.354 + j0.1168 -3 -3
XC8 = XC10 = (10) ( 2 ) = 7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
150kv
50MVA
2
10 150kv 50MVA -3
XT7 = XT8 = ( <tan -1 (22.7)) ( )( ) = 8.802x10 + j0.1198 pu
100 25MVA 150kv2
36kv
Vbase B = 150kv ( ) =36kv
150kv
0.0521 + j0.135
XC7 = XC9 = (55) ( 2 ) = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
36kv
50MVA
0.2817 + j0.0953
XC1 = XC2 = XC3 = XC4 = XC5 = XC6 = (30) ( 2 ) =0.326+j0.1103 pu
36kv
50MVA
8 36kv2 50MVA
XT1 = XT2 = XT3 = XT4 = XT5 = XT6 = ( <tan -1 (15.06)) ( )( 2
) = 0.0265 + j0.3991 pu
100 10MVA 36kv
900v
Vbase C = 36kv ( ) = 900v
36kv
2
9 900v 50MVA
Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = ( ) ( )( 2
) = 0.75 pu
100 6MVA 900v
900v
Vg1 = Vg2 = Vg3 = Vg4 = Vg5 = Vg6 = =1<0 pu
900v
SOLVING FOR KAIC
55
Xgrid = 0.2381 pu
XC12 = 0.02 pu
XT9 = 4.0018x10-3 + j0.1199 pu
Vbase A = 150kv
XC11 = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
XC8 = XC10 =
-3 -3
7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
XT7 = XT8 =
8.802x10-3 + j0.1198 pu
XC7 =
XC9 = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
XC1 = XC2 = XC3 = XC4 = XC5 =

XC6 = 0.326+j0.1103 pu
XT1 = XT2 = XT3 = XT4 = XT5 = XT6 = 0.0265 + j0.3991 pu

Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = 0.75 pu
A = B = C = D = E = F = Xgn + XTn + XCn = 0.3525+j 1.2594
G = H = XCn + XTn + XCn = 0.1273+j0.3632
I = XC11 + XT9 + XC12 + Xgrid = 0.0274+j0.3913
Fault @ 𝐗 𝐁𝟏𝟑
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = j0.75+I+ ((((XT6 + XC6 )-1 +B-1 + C ) +G) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) + H) ) = 0.1568 + j1.4985
1 IEEE Std 551-2006 – ANSI C37.5. Guide
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1.4985 for Calculation of Fault Currents
forApplication of AC High-Voltage Circuit
1 50MVA
ISC = 1.4985 ( ) = 21.4047 kA Breakers Rated on a Total Current Basis.
√3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC IEEE Std 551-2006 – 3.6.11 Parallel
Impedance. Where two or more
impedances are paralleled.
Fault @ XB14
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = j0.75+I+XT6 + (((XC6 -1 +B-1 + C ) +G) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H ) ) = 0.2088 + j1.8577
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 26.915 MVA
1.8577
IEEE Std 551-2006 – 3.6.11 Parallel

impedances are paralleled. 56
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
IEEE Std 551-2006 – ANSI C37.5. Guide

for Calculation of Fault Currents
Fault @ XB11 Breakers Rated on a Total Current Basis.
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = j0.75+I+ (((A-1 +(XT5 + XC5 )-1 + C ) +G) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) + H) ) = 0.1568 + j1.4985
1
MVASC = 50MVA (1.4985) = 33.367 MVA
1 50MVA Impedance. Where two or more
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V) impedances are paralleled.

USE = 30 KAIC for Calculation of Fault Currents
Fault @ 𝐗 𝐁𝟏𝟐 forApplication of AC High-Voltage Circuit
Breakers Rated on a Total Current Basis.
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = j0.75+I+XT5 + (((A-1 +XC5 -1 + C ) +G) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H ) ) = 0.2088 + j1.8577
1
MVASC = 50MVA (1.8577 ) = 26.915 MVA IEEE Std 551-2006 – 3.6.11 Parallel
Impedance. Where two or more impedances
1 50MVA are paralleled.
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
IEEE Std 551-2006 – ANSI C37.5. Guide for
Calculation of Fault Currents forApplication of
AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a
USE = 10 KAIC Total Current Basis.
Fault @ 𝐗 𝐁𝟗
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
XF = j0.75+I+ (((A-1 +B-1 + (XT4 + XC4 )-1 ) +G) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) + H) ) = 0.1568 + j1.4985
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA IEEE Std 551-2006 – 3.6.11 Parallel
1.4985
1 50MVA impedances are paralleled.
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC forApplication of AC High-Voltage Circuit
Fault @ 𝐗 𝐁𝟏𝟎 Breakers Rated on a Total Current Basis.
57
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
XF = j0.75+I+XT4 + (((A-1 +B-1 + XC4 -1 ) +G) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H ) ) = 0.2088 + j1.8577
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Fault @ 𝐗 𝐁𝟓 Breakers Rated on a Total Current Basis.
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1
XF = j0.75+I+ (((A +B + C ) +G) + (((XT3 + XC3 )-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) + H) ) = 0.1568 + j1.4985
-1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (1.4985) = 33.367 MVA IEEE Std 551-2006 – 3.6.11 Parallel
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ 𝐗 𝐁𝟔
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
XF = j0.75+I+XT3 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C -1 ) +G) + ((XC3 -1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H ) ) = 0.2088 + j1.8577
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB3
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1
XF = j0.75+I+ (((A +B + C ) +G) + ((D +(XT2 + XC2 )-1 + F-1 ) + H) ) = 0.1568 + j1.4985
-1 -1 -1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
58
Fault @ 𝐗 𝐁𝟒 Breakers Rated on a Total Current Basis.
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
XF = j0.75+I+XT2 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C -1 ) +G) + ((D-1 +XC2 -1 + F-1 ) +H ) ) = 0.2088 + j1.8577
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
USE = 10 KAIC Breakers Rated on a Total Current Basis.
Fault @ XB1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
XF = j0.75+I+ (((A-1 +B -1 + C -1 ) +G) + ((D-1 +E -1 + (XT1 + XC1 )-1 ) + H) ) = 0.1568 + j1.4985
1
1.4985
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA IEEE Std 551-2006 – ANSI C37.5. Guide
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ XB2
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
XF = j0.75+I+XT1 + (((A-1 +B -1 + C -1 ) +G) + ((D-1 +E -1 + XC1 -1 ) +H ) ) = 0.2088 + j1.8577
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV) for Calculation of Fault Currents
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB15
59
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = XC9 + (A-1 +B-1 + C ) + (((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) + H) + (XT8 + XC10 )-1 ) = 0.2449 + j0.7668
1
0.7668
1 50MVA
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB16
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = XC7 + (A-1 +B-1 + C ) + (((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) + G) + (XT7 + XC8 )-1 ) = 0.2449 + j0.7668
1
MVASC = 50MVA (0.7668 ) = 65.2061 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.2508 kA impedances are paralleled.
0.7668 √3(150kV)
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1458 + j0.4108
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 121.7137 MVA
0.4108 IEEE Std 551-2006 – 3.6.11 Parallel
ISC = ( ) = 0.4685 kA
0.4108 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC IEEE Std 551-2006 – ANSI C37.5. Guide

Fault @ XB18 for Calculation of Fault Currents
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 +XT9 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1498 + j0.5301
60
1
0.5301
ISC = ( ) = 0.7892 kA
0.5301 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Option 2: Central Inverter with Nickel-Cadmium Battery Storage
Parameters:
Brand Name: ABB
Model: PVS8000
Inverter Sizing
1
Frequency, f= , where
1.1xCtxRf
f=
1.1x0.22x106 x66x103 requirements for inverters use in
f=60Hz
1 1
T= f =60Hz
T=0.02sec
Cdv 1000x10−6 x3.67
Ig= =
dt 0.02
Ig=183.5Ma
Frequency = 60 Hz
P
Apparent power (S) = pf
2200kW
S=
0.988
61
S = 2.23MVA
2200kW = I x 1500
2200kW
I= = 1,467A
1500
P 2200kW
ID= =
V 1500
ID= 1,467A
P
Full load output current, (IFL)= Vo IEC 62109-2 (2011). Particular
(IFL)=
600
Inverter Efficiency
9.992MW * 12hr
0.988
Batteryeff. *Total Solar Resource Factor
121.3688MWhr
Adjusted Daily Energy = 0.95*0.80
Array Size =
Average Sun hours per day
119.9654MWhr
Array Size =
12 hr
Array Size = 10MW
Array Size
Maximum No. of PV Module = Desired Capacity of PV Module
10MW
2.5 kW
62
Voc at low teamperature
1000
Maximum no. of solar modules in series per string = 47.136
Isc
4480
8.99
4000
Peak Demand
No. of Central Inverter = Desired Rating of Inverter
10MW
2200kW
Battery Sizing
Conditions:
ELBd = Ep / ηI = 16 / 0.97 = 16.84 kWh/day
BkWh = 16.84 * 2 days * 1.2 / 0.7 = 57.74 kWh / 230√3

Inverter Efficiency
10 MW x 24 hr
0.988

242.91 MWhr
51.8 V
63
Depth of Discharge
4.69 Mah * 2 days
0.50
Ah of battery
11.72 Mah
189 Ah
No. of Inverters
62011
5
1500
51.8
14402
29
panel array:

1-1.2%-3%
64
Voltage Correction
Voc of inverter
620 V
45.16 V * 0.76
NEC Article 310.16, Ambient
No. of PV per String = 18 Temperature Correction,Conductors for
Code,p.154, 2010.
No. of PV per string NEC Article 690.7, Storage Batteries
34,544
No. of String in Parallel = and Installations,.National Electrical
18 Code,pp.605-607, 2010.

Charge Controller Current =
Operating Voltage
300 W x 20 IEEE Std 1562-2007. PV Array

Charge Controller Current = sizing,Section 9. IEEE Guide for Array and
480 V
Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic
Vbase =13.8kv
Sbase =50MVA
13.8kv
Vgrid = =1<0 pu
13.8kv
20 13.8kv2 50MVA
Xgrid = ( )( ) = 0.238 pu
100 42MVA 13.8kv2
0.0521+j0.1135
XC12 = (40) ( 2 ) = 0.02 pu
13.8kv
50MVA
12 13.8kv2 50MVA -3
XT9 = ( <tan -1 (29.97)) ( )( ) = 4.0018x10 + j0.1199 pu
100 50MVA 13.8kv2
150kv
13.8kv
0.1504 + j0.0858
XC11 =(70) ( 2 ) = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
150kv
50MVA
65
0.354 + j0.1168 -3 -3
XC8 = XC10 = (10) ( 2 ) = 7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
150kv
50MVA
10 150kv2 50MVA -3
XT7 = XT8 = ( <tan -1 (22.7)) ( )( ) = 8.802x10 + j0.1198 pu
100 25MVA 150kv2
36kv
150kv
0.0521 + j0.135
XC7 = XC9 = (55) ( 2 ) = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
36kv
50MVA
0.2817 + j0.0953
36kv
50MVA
8 36kv2 50MVA
) = 0.0265 + j0.3991 pu
100 10MVA 36kv
900v
Vbase C = 36kv ( ) = 900v
36kv
2
9 900v 50MVA
Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = ( ) ( )( 2
) = 0.75 pu
100 6MVA 900v
900v
Vg1 = Vg2 = Vg3 = Vg4 = Vg5 = Vg6 = =1<0 pu
900v
SOLVING FOR KAIC

Xgrid = 0.2381 pu
XC12 = 0.02 pu
XT9 = 4.0018x10-3 + j0.1199 pu
Vbase A = 150kv
XC11 = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
XC8 = XC10 =
-3 -3
7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
XT7 = XT8 =
-3
8.802x10 + j0.1198 pu
XC7 =
XC9 = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
XC1 = XC2 = XC3 = XC4 = XC5 =

XC6 = 0.326+j0.1103 pu

Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = 0.75 pu
66
G = H = XCn + XTn + XCn = 0.1273+j0.3632
I = XC11 + XT9 + XC12 + Xgrid = 0.0274+j0.3913
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA Breakers Rated on a Total Current Basis.
1.4985 √3(900V)
Fault @ XB14
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (1.8577 ) = 26.915 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV) impedances are paralleled.
USE = 10 KAIC

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA

67
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
XF = j0.75+I+ (((A-1 +B-1 + C -1 ) +G) + (((XT3 + XC3 )-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) + H) ) = 0.1568 + j1.4985
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
68
USE = 30 KAIC
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB3
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
XF = j0.75+I+ (((A-1 +B-1 + C -1 ) +G) + ((D-1 +(XT2 + XC2 )-1 + F-1 ) + H) ) = 0.1568 + j1.4985
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Fault @ XB1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
69
1
1.4985
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ XB2
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB15
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
0.7668
1 50MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB16
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 65.2061 MVA
0.7668
70
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.2508 kA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB17
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1458 + j0.4108
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 121.7137 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4685 kA
0.4108 √3(150kV)

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 +XT9 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1498 + j0.5301
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.7892 kA
0.5301 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Option 3: Central Inverter with Lithium Ion Battery Storage
Parameters:
Brand Name: ABB
Model: PVS8000
Inverter Sizing
71
1
1.1xCtxRf
f=
f=60Hz
1 1
T= f =60Hz
T=0.02sec
Cdv 1000x10−6 x3.67
Ig= dt = 0.02
Ig=183.5Ma
Frequency = 60 Hz
P
pf
2200kW
S=
0.988
S = 2.23MVA
2200kW = I x 1500
2200kW
I= = 1,467A
1500
P 2200kW
ID=V= 1500
ID= 1,467A
P
Vo
(IFL)=
600
Inverter Efficiency
IEEE Std. 1562 (2007). Array Sizing,
Section 9, p.156 72
9.992MW * 12hr
Average Daily Energy = =
0.988
Average Daily Energy = 121.3688 MWhr
121.3688MWhr
0.95*0.80
119.9654MWhr
Array Size = 12 hr
Array Size = 10MW
Array Size
10MW
5 kW
oc
1000
Isc
4480
8.99
5000
Peak Demand
No. of Central Inverter = Desired Rating of Inverter
73
10MW
2200kW
Battery Sizing
Conditions:
ELBd = Ep / ηI = 16 / 0.97 = 16.84 kWh/day
BkWh = 16.84 * 2 days * 1.2 / 0.7 = 57.74 kWh / 230√3

Inverter Efficiency
10 MW x 24 hr
0.988

242.91 MWhr
51.8 V
Depth of Discharge
4.69 Mah * 2 days
0.50
Ah of battery
11.72 Mah
189 Ah
No. of Inverters
62011
5
1500
51.8
74
14402
29
panel array:
Conditions:
ELBd = Ep / ηI = 16 / 0.95 = 16.84 kWh/day
BkWh = 16.84 * 2 days * 1.2 / 0.7 = 57.74 kWh / 230√3
[Ah x autonomy]
Battery Capacity =
% capacity at end of life x SOC
[144.94Ah x 2]
Battery Capacity = 75% x 95%
Battery Capacity = 406.85 Ah x 1.1 (Design margin) = 447.53 Ah
Voltage-window adjustment for mismatch reducing for battery and panel array:
Controller low-voltage disconnect set point: 100 V
Adjusted Vmin: 100 V IEEE Standard 1144-1996, (10.6.e):
Controller full-charge voltage set point: 150 V IEEE Recommended Practices for
Maximum current draw from the battery: 150 A Sizing Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for
Functional-hour rate: = 447.53 / 150 = 2.98 h Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
Note: For the controller low-voltage disconnect set point, adjusted Vmin, controller full-charge voltage set
point and maximum current draw from the battery are typical set points recommended by the standard –
IEEE Standard 1144-1996
Number of series connected cells:
Recommended full-charge voltage for selected cell: 1.2 V
Maximum number of cells in series: 150 V/ 1.2 V = 125
75
Recommended end of discharge (EOD) voltage for selected cell: 1 V for normal load
Calculated EOD voltage for cell: Adj Vmin / series cells = 100 V/ 125 = 0.80 V
Since calculated EOD < recommended EOD, use decrement value
Decrement number of series cells: 125 - 1 = 124
Calculated cell charge voltage: 120 / 69 = 0.97 V (Decrement value is close to standard 1 V cell charge)
Note: Full-charge voltage per cell was a factor for battery sizing
complying also with the Philippine Electrical Code and other cell IEEE Standard 1144-1996, (10.6.e):
factors including decrement factors were referred to – IEEE IEEE Recommended Practices for
Standard 1144-1996
Sizing Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for
Cell selection and final capacity determination:
Smallest practical cell capacity when discharged to the EOD Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
voltage at the functional-hour rate: [(447.53 / 1) - 2.98] = 444.55 Ah
Number of strings parallel: 447.53 / 444.55 = 1.01 ≈ 1
Final battery capacity: 444.55 x 1 = 444.55 Ah
Final Battery Storage capacity is 450 Ah rated at 2.98 h functional-hour rate.

1-1.2%-3%
Voltage Correction
Voc of inverter

45.16 V * 0.76 Temperature Correction,Conductors for
No. of PV per String = 18
Code,p.154, 2010.
34,544
18 Code,pp.605-607, 2010.
Operating Voltage
76
IEEE Std 1562-2007. PV Array
300 W x 20
480 V Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic
Wiring and Fusing NEC Article 690.8(A)(B), Calculation of
PV module to PV module. maximum circuit current and Ampacity
Iwire= Isc * 1.56 with Overcurrent Device Rating,.Wiring
Iwire = 8.91 A * 1.56
and Protection,National Electrical
Iwire = 13.90 A
Code,p.46, 2010.
Note: The multiplier 1.56 is derived by combining the
continuous current ampacity rating (Isc x 1.25) and the NEC 125% safety factor applicable to
overcurrent devices.
13.90
Derated wire ampacity =
0.82 x 1
Derated wire ampacity = 16.95 A
Note:Carrying from the equation,13.90/(0.82 x 1) = 16.95 NEC Article 310.16, Ambient

amps.If you check the ampacity chart on NEC Table
Temperature Correction,Conductors for
310.15(B)(16) for 90°C rated THWN-2 copper,you’ll find that
AWG 14 can handle up to 25 A and is the minimum General Wiring.National Electrical
allowable wire size for this circuit when temperature Code,p.154, 2010.
correction factored in – that is,25 x 0.82 x 1 = 20.5 A, which
is greater than the circuit ampacity calculation of 16.95 A.
Use: 1-AWG 14 THWN-2 +1- AWG 16 THWN-2 copper

PV module to charge controller
Iwire = Isc * 1.56
Iwire = 8.91 A * 1.56
Iwire = 13.90A
13.90 PEC 2.40.1.6(a) ,For fuse and circuit
Derated wire ampacity = breaker ampere ratings,Philippine
0.82 x 1
Electrical Code,2009
Use: 1-AWG 14 THWN-2 + 1- AWG 16 THWN-2 copper

Ifuse = Isc * 3
Ifuse = 8.91 A * 3 NEC Article 310.16, Ambient
Ifuse = 26.73 A
Use: 30 A fuse
Charge controller to batteries General Wiring.National Electrical
Iwire = Isc * 1.56 Code,p.154, 2010.
Iwire = 8.91 A * 1.56
Iwire = 13.90 A
PEC 2.40.1.6(a), For fuse and circuit

breaker ampere ratings,Philippine
77
13.90
0.82 x 1
Ifuse = Isc * 3
Ifuse = 8.91 A * 3
Ifuse = 26.73 A NEC Article 690.8(A)(B), Calculation of
Use: 30 A fuse maximum circuit current and Ampacity
with Overcurrent Device Rating,.Wiring
Batteries to combiner box
Combine box to inverter and Protection,National Electrical
Iwire = Isc *
No. of string in parallel
* 1.56 Code,p.46, 2010.
No. of phase * No. of inverters
1616
Iwire = 8.91 * ∗ 1.56
3*55
Iwire = 113.44 A
113.44
Derated wire ampacity = NEC Article 310.16, Ambient
0.82 x 1
Derated wire ampacity = 138.34 A General Wiring.National Electrical
Use: 1-AWG 1 THWN-2 + 1- AWG 2 THWN-2 copper Code,p.154, 2010.
Ifuse= Isc * No. of phase * No. of inverters ∗ 3
1616
Ifuse = 8.91 * 3*55
*3 = 218.16 A
Use: 225 A fuse
Inverter to transformer
Transformer to busbar PEC 2.50.6.13, For minimum size of equipment
Iwire = Irating * 1.25 grounding conductors for grounding raceway
Iwire = 606.06 A * 1.25 and equipment,Philippine Electrical Code,2009.
Iwire = 757.58 A
Use: 2 - #250 THHN + 1 - #50 THHN NEC Article 690.8(A)(B), Calculation of

IITCB = Irating * 2.50
maximum circuit current and Ampacity
IITCB = 606.06 * 2.50
ITCB = 1515.15 A with Overcurrent Device Rating,.Wiring
Use: 1600-A Inverse time Circuit Breaker and Protection,National Electrical
Code,p.46, 2010.
Transformer Rating
Solar PV system voltage =13.2kV
Bus voltage = 115 kV
S= √3*3.1378kA*13.2kV
S = 75 MVA
Use: 80 MVA, 0.480 KV (wye) / 13,800 V (DELTA) Oil Type transformer
Vbase =13.8kv
Sbase =50MVA
78
13.8kv
Vgrid = =1<0 pu
13.8kv
2
20 13.8kv 50MVA
Xgrid = ( )( ) = 0.238 pu
100 42MVA 13.8kv2
0.0521+j0.1135
XC12 = (40) ( 2 ) = 0.02 pu
13.8kv
50MVA
2
12 13.8kv 50MVA -3
XT9 = ( <tan -1 (29.97)) ( )( ) = 4.0018x10 + j0.1199 pu
100 50MVA 13.8kv2
150kv
13.8kv
0.1504 + j0.0858
XC11 =(70) ( 2 ) = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
150kv
50MVA
0.354 + j0.1168
XC8 = XC10 = (10) ( 2 ) = 7.866x10-3 + j2.5956x10-3 pu
150kv
50MVA
10 150kv2 50MVA
XT7 = XT8 = ( <tan -1 (22.7)) ( )( ) = 8.802x10-3 + j0.1198 pu
100 25MVA 150kv2
36kv
150kv
0.0521 + j0.135
XC7 = XC9 = (55) ( 2 ) = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
36kv
50MVA
0.2817 + j0.0953
36kv
50MVA
8 36kv2 50MVA
) = 0.0265 + j0.3991 pu
100 10MVA 36kv
900v
Vbase C = 36kv ( ) = 900v
36kv
9 900v2 50MVA
Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = ( ) ( )( 2
) = 0.75 pu
100 6MVA 900v
900v
Vg1 = Vg2 = Vg3 = Vg4 = Vg5 = Vg6 = =1<0 pu
900v
SOLVING FOR KAIC

Xgrid = 0.2381 pu
XC12 = 0.02 pu
79
-3
XT9 = 4.0018x10 + j0.1199 pu
Vbase A = 150kv
XC11 = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
XC8 = XC10 =
7.866x10-3 + j2.5956x10-3 pu
XT7 = XT8 =
-3
8.802x10 + j0.1198 pu
XC7 =
XC9 = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
XC1 = XC2 = XC3 = XC4 = XC5 =

XC6 = 0.326+j0.1103 pu

Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = 0.75 pu
G = H = XCn + XTn + XCn = 0.1273+j0.3632
I = XC11 + XT9 + XC12 + Xgrid = 0.0274+j0.3913
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
Fault @ XB14
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (1.8577 ) = 26.915 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
80
USE = 10 KAIC

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
81
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB3
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
82
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Fault @ XB1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1.4985
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ XB2
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB15
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
83
1
0.7668
1 50MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB16
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (0.7668 ) = 65.2061 MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
XF = C11 + (((A +B + C ) +G ) + ((D +E + F ) +H) ) = 0.1458 + j0.4108
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 121.7137 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4685 kA
0.4108 √3(150kV)

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 +XT9 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1498 + j0.5301
1
0.5301
ISC = ( ) = 0.7892 kA
0.5301 √3(150kV)
forApplication of AC High-Voltage Circuit84
USE = 10 KAIC
Option 4: String Inverter with Lead-Acid Battery Storage
Figure 3 36 Layout of a String Inverter

Parameters:
Brand Name: Solar World
Model: SW 300 Mono
Max. Power = 300 watts
Maximum power voltage (V) = 37.4 V
Maximum power current (A) = 8.73 Amperes
Short Circuit Current = 9.27 Amperes
Open Circuit Voltage = 46.2 Volts DC
Voc temperature coefficient (%/ºC) = -0.29%
Minimum operating temperature (ºC) = 10
Maximum operating temperature (ºC) = 75
Minimum MPPT voltage (V) = 580
Maximum permissible input voltage (V) = 1000
Inverter Sizing
1
1.1xCtxRf
f=
f=60Hz
1 1
T= =
f 60Hz
T=0.02sec
Cdv 1000x10−6 x3.67
Ig= =
dt 0.02
Ig=183.5Ma
85
Frequency = 60 Hz
P
2200kW
S= 0.988
S = 2.23MVA
2200kW = I x 1500
2200kW
I= = 1,467A
1500
P 2200kW
ID=V= 1500
ID= 1,467A
P
Vo
(IFL)=
600
Inverter Efficiency
9.992MW * 12hr
0.988
121.3688MWhr
Array Size =
119.9654MWhr
Array Size =
12 hr
Array Size = 10MW
Array Size
Maximum No. of PV Module = Desired Capacity of PV Module
10MW
Maximum No. of PV Module = 2.5 kW
86
1100
Isc
30
9.18
No. of String Inverters
4000
20
Battery Sizing
Conditions:
ELBd = Ep / ηI = 16 / 0.97 = 16.84 kWh/day
BkWh = 16.84 * 2 days * 1.2 / 0.7 = 57.74 kWh / 230√3

Average Daily Watt-Hours = Inverter Efficiency
10 MW x 24 hr
Average Daily Watt-Hours = 0.986
87
242.91 MWhr
51.8 V
Depth of Discharge
4.69 Mah * 2 days
0.50
Ah of battery
11.72 Mah
189 Ah
No. of Inverters
62011
5
1100
51.8
108
22
panel array:
88
1-1.2%-3%
Voltage Correction
Voc of inverter
620 V
45.16 V * 0.76

18 Code,pp.605-607, 2010.

Operating Voltage

480 V

Vbase =13.8kv
Sbase =50MVA
13.8kv
Vgrid = =1<0 pu
13.8kv
20 13.8kv2 50MVA
Xgrid = ( )( ) = 0.238 pu
100 42MVA 13.8kv2
0.0521+j0.1135
XC12 = (40) ( 2 ) = 0.02 pu
13.8kv
50MVA
89
12 13.8kv2 50MVA
XT9 = ( <tan -1 (29.97)) ( )( ) = 4.0018x10-3 + j0.1199 pu
100 50MVA 13.8kv2
150kv
13.8kv
0.1504 + j0.0858
XC11 =(70) ( 2 ) = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
150kv
50MVA
0.354 + j0.1168 -3 -3
XC8 = XC10 = (10) ( 2 ) = 7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
150kv
50MVA
2
10 150kv 50MVA
XT7 = XT8 = ( <tan -1 (22.7)) ( )( ) = 8.802x10-3 + j0.1198 pu
100 25MVA 150kv2
36kv
150kv
0.0521 + j0.135
XC7 = XC9 = (55) ( 2 ) = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
36kv
50MVA
0.2817 + j0.0953
36kv
50MVA
2
8 36kv 50MVA
) = 0.0265 + j0.3991 pu
100 10MVA 36kv
900v
Vbase C = 36kv ( ) = 900v
36kv
2
9 900v 50MVA
Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = ( ) ( )( 2
) = 0.75 pu
100 6MVA 900v
900v
Vg1 = Vg2 = Vg3 = Vg4 = Vg5 = Vg6 = =1<0 pu
900v
SOLVING FOR KAIC

Xgrid = 0.2381 pu
XC12 = 0.02 pu
-3
XT9 = 4.0018x10 + j0.1199 pu
Vbase A = 150kv
XC11 = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
XC8 = XC10 =
-3 -3
7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
XT7 = XT8 =
8.802x10-3 + j0.1198 pu
90
XC7 =
XC9 = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
XC1 = XC2 = XC3 = XC4 = XC5 =

XC6 = 0.326+j0.1103 pu

Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = 0.75 pu
G = H = XCn + XTn + XCn = 0.1273+j0.3632
I = XC11 + XT9 + XC12 + Xgrid = 0.0274+j0.3913
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
Fault @ XB14
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 26.915 MVA
1.8577

ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
91
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
XF = j0.75+I+XT5 + (((A +XC5 + C ) +G) + ((D +E + F ) +H ) ) = 0.2088 + j1.8577
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
XF = j0.75+I+XT4 + (((A +B + XC4 ) +G) + ((D +E + F ) +H ) ) = 0.2088 + j1.8577
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
92
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Fault @ XB3
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
forApplication of AC High-Voltage Circuit93
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ XB2
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB15
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
0.7668
1 50MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
94
Fault @ XB16
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (0.7668 ) = 65.2061 MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1458 + j0.4108
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 121.7137 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4685 kA
0.4108 √3(150kV)

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 +XT9 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1498 + j0.5301
1
0.5301
ISC = ( ) = 0.7892 kA
0.5301 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Option 5: String Inverter with Nickel-Cadmium Battery Storage
Parameters:
95
Model: SW 300 Mono
Inverter Sizing
1
1.1xCtxRf
f=
f=60Hz
1 1
T= =
f 60Hz
T=0.02sec
Cdv 1000x10−6 x3.67
Ig= dt = 0.02
Ig=183.5Ma
Frequency = 60 Hz
P
pf
2200kW
S=
0.988
S = 2.23MVA
2200kW = I x 1500
2200kW
I = 1500 = 1,467A
96
P 2200kW
ID=V= 1500
ID= 1,467A
P
Vo
(IFL)=
600
Inverter Efficiency
9.992MW * 12hr
0.988
eff.
121.3688MWhr
119.9654MWhr
Array Size =
12 hr
Array Size = 10MW
Array Size
10MW
oc
1100
47.136
97
Isc
30
9.18
4000
20
Battery Sizing
Conditions:
ELBd = Ep / ηI = 16 / 0.97 = 16.84 kWh/day
BkWh = 16.84 * 2 days * 1.2 / 0.7 = 57.74 kWh / 230√3

Average Daily Watt-Hours = Inverter Efficiency
10 MW x 24 hr

242.91 MWhr
51.8 V
Depth of Discharge
4.69 Mah * 2 days
0.50
Ah of battery
11.72 Mah
189 Ah
98
No. of Inverters
62011
5
1100
51.8
108
22
panel array:

1-1.2%-3%
Voltage Correction
Voc of inverter

Code,p.154, 2010.
99
18 Code,pp.605-607, 2010.

Operating Voltage

480 V
Charge Controller Current = 15 A Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic
Short Circuit Analysis (PV) Systems, pp.5-7, 2008.
Vbase =13.8kv
Sbase =50MVA
13.8kv
Vgrid = =1<0 pu
13.8kv
20 13.8kv2 50MVA
Xgrid = ( )( ) = 0.238 pu
100 42MVA 13.8kv2
0.0521+j0.1135
XC12 = (40) ( 2 ) = 0.02 pu
13.8kv
50MVA
12 13.8kv2 50MVA
XT9 = ( <tan -1 (29.97)) ( )( ) = 4.0018x10-3 + j0.1199 pu
100 50MVA 13.8kv2
150kv
13.8kv
0.1504 + j0.0858
XC11 =(70) ( 2 ) = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
150kv
50MVA
0.354 + j0.1168 -3 -3
XC8 = XC10 = (10) ( 2 ) = 7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
150kv
50MVA
2
10 150kv 50MVA -3
XT7 = XT8 = ( <tan -1 (22.7)) ( )( ) = 8.802x10 + j0.1198 pu
100 25MVA 150kv2
36kv
150kv
0.0521 + j0.135
XC7 = XC9 = (55) ( 2 ) = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
36kv
50MVA
100
0.2817 + j0.0953
36kv
50MVA
8 36kv2 50MVA
) = 0.0265 + j0.3991 pu
100 10MVA 36kv
900v
Vbase C = 36kv ( ) = 900v
36kv
2
9 900v 50MVA
Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = ( ) ( )( 2
) = 0.75 pu
100 6MVA 900v
900v
Vg1 = Vg2 = Vg3 = Vg4 = Vg5 = Vg6 = =1<0 pu
900v
SOLVING FOR KAIC

Xgrid = 0.2381 pu
XC12 = 0.02 pu
XT9 = 4.0018x10-3 + j0.1199 pu
Vbase A = 150kv
XC11 = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
XC8 = XC10 =
-3 -3
7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
XT7 = XT8 =
-3
8.802x10 + j0.1198 pu
XC7 =
XC9 = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
XC1 = XC2 = XC3 = XC4 = XC5 =

XC6 = 0.326+j0.1103 pu

Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = 0.75 pu
G = H = XCn + XTn + XCn = 0.1273+j0.3632
I = XC11 + XT9 + XC12 + Xgrid = 0.0274+j0.3913
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1

101
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1.4985
1 50MVA
ISC = 1.4985 ( ) = 21.4047 kA
√3(900V)
Fault @ XB14
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (1.8577 ) = 26.915 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Total Current Basis.
102
USE = 10 KAIC
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
IEEE Std 551-2006 – ANSI C37.5. Guide 103

1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB3
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Fault @ XB1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ XB2
104
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB15
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
1 50MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB16
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (0.7668 ) = 65.2061 MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1458 + j0.4108

105
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 121.7137 MVA
0.4108
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4685 kA
0.4108 √3(150kV)

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 +XT9 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1498 + j0.5301
1
0.5301
ISC = ( ) = 0.7892 kA
0.5301 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Option 6: String Inverter with Lithium Ion Battery Storage
Parameters:
Model: SW 300 Mono
Inverter Sizing
1
Frequency, f=1.1xCtxRf, where
f=1.1x0.22x106x66x103
requirements for inverters use in
photovoltaic systems, p.60 106
f=60Hz
Determination of the Transistor Switching Current
1 1
T= f =60Hz
T=0.02sec
Cdv 1000x10−6 x3.67
Ig= =
dt 0.02
Ig=183.5Ma
Frequency = 60 Hz
P
pf
2200kW
S=
0.988
S = 2.23MVA
2200kW = I x 1500
2200kW
I= = 1,467A
1500
P 2200kW
ID=V= 1500
ID= 1,467A
Where the voltage output of the inverter (Vo) = 600V
P
Vo
(IFL)=
600
Inverter Efficiency
9.992MW * 12hr
0.988
eff.
121.3688MWhr
Array Size =
107
119.9654MWhr
Array Size =
12 hr
Array Size = 10MW
Array Size
10MW
oc
1100
47.136
Isc
Solar Modules Isc
30
9.18
4000
Battery Sizing
Conditions:
ELBd = Ep / ηI = 16 / 0.97 = 16.84 kWh/day
BkWh = 16.84 * 2 days * 1.2 / 0.7 = 57.74 kWh / 230√3
108

Inverter Efficiency
10 MW x 24 hr

242.91 MWhr
51.8 V
Depth of Discharge
4.69 Mah * 2 days
0.50
Ah of battery
11.72 Mah
189 Ah
No. of Inverters
62011
5
1100
51.8
108
22
IEEE Standard 1144-1996,
Total No. of Batteries = 578
Voltage-window adjustment for mismatch reducing for battery and (10.6.e): IEEE Recommended
panel array: Practices for Sizing Nickel-
Controller low-voltage disconnect set point: 100 V Cadmium Batteries for Photovoltaic
Adjusted Vmin: 100 V (PV) Systems
109
Controller full-charge voltage set point: 150 V

1-1.2%-3%
Voltage Correction
Voc of inverter

No. of PV per String = Temperature Correction,Conductors for
45.16 V * 0.76
No. of PV per String = 18 Code,p.154, 2010.
34,544
18
No. of String in Parallel = 1919 IEEE Std 1562-2007. PV Array
MPPT Charge Controller Sizing Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic
Charge Controller Current = (PV) Systems, pp.5-7, 2008.
Operating Voltage
300 W x 20
480 V
Wiring and Fusing

PV module to PV module.
Iwire= Isc * 1.56
Iwire = 8.91 A * 1.56 NEC Article 690.8(A)(B), Calculation of
Iwire = 13.90 A maximum circuit current and Ampacity
Note: The multiplier 1.56 is derived by combining the and Protection,National Electrical
continuous current ampacity rating (Isc x 1.25) and
Code,p.46, 2010.
the NEC 125% safety factor applicable to
110
13.90
0.82 x 1
Note:Carrying from the equation,13.90/(0.82 x 1) = 16.95 NEC Article 310.16, Ambient

amps.If you check the ampacity chart on NEC Table
310.15(B)(16) for 90°C rated THWN-2 copper,you’ll find that
AWG 14 can handle up to 25 A and is the minimum General Wiring.National Electrical
allowable wire size for this circuit when temperature Code,p.154, 2010.
correction factored in – that is,25 x 0.82 x 1 = 20.5 A, which
is greater than the circuit ampacity calculation of 16.95 A.

Iwire = Isc * 1.56
Iwire = 8.91 A * 1.56
Iwire = 13.90A
0.82 x 1 breaker ampere ratings,Philippine
Ifuse = Isc * 3
Ifuse = 8.91 A * 3 NEC Article 310.16, Ambient
Ifuse = 26.73 A Temperature Correction,Conductors for
Use: 30 A fuse
Charge controller to batteries Code,p.154, 2010.
Iwire = Isc * 1.56
Iwire = 8.91 A * 1.56
Iwire = 13.90 A
13.90
0.82 x 1 PEC 2.40.1.6(a), For fuse and circuit
Derated wire ampacity = 16.95 A breaker ampere ratings,Philippine
Use: 1-AWG 14 THWN-2 + 1- AWG 16 THWN-2 copper Electrical Code,2009
Ifuse = Isc * 3
Ifuse = 8.91 A * 3
Combine box to inverter and Protection,National Electrical
Iwire = Isc * No. of phase * No. of inverters * 1.56 Code,p.46, 2010.
1616
Iwire = 8.91 * 3*66
∗ 1.56
111
Iwire = 113.44 A
113.44
Derated wire ampacity = NEC Article 310.16, Ambient
0.82 x 1
Derated wire ampacity = 138.34 A General Wiring.National Electrical
Use: 1-AWG 1 THWN-2 + 1- AWG 2 THWN-2 copper Code,p.154, 2010.
Ifuse= Isc * ∗3
1616
Ifuse = 8.91 * *3 = 218.16 A
3*66
Use: 225 A fuse
Inverter to transformer PEC 2.50.6.13, For minimum size of equipment

Transformer to busbar grounding conductors for grounding raceway
Iwire = Irating * 1.25 and equipment,Philippine Electrical Code,2009.
Iwire = 606.06 A * 1.25
Iwire = 757.58 A
NEC Article 690.8(A)(B), Calculation of
Use: 2 - #250 THHN + 1 - #50 THHN maximum circuit current and Ampacity
IITCB = 606.06 * 2.50 with Overcurrent Device Rating,.Wiring
ITCB = 1515.15 A and Protection,National Electrical
Use: 1600-A Inverse time Circuit Breaker Code,p.46, 2010.
Transformer Rating
S= √3*3.1378kA*13.8kV
S = 75 MVA
Vbase =13.8kv
Sbase =50MVA
13.8kv
Vgrid = =1<0 pu
13.8kv
2
20 13.8kv 50MVA
Xgrid = ( )( ) = 0.238 pu
100 42MVA 13.8kv2
0.0521+j0.1135
XC12 = (40) ( 2 ) = 0.02 pu
13.8kv
50MVA
2
12 13.8kv 50MVA -3
XT9 = ( <tan -1 (29.97)) ( )( ) = 4.0018x10 + j0.1199 pu
100 50MVA 13.8kv2
150kv
13.8kv
112
0.1504 + j0.0858
XC11 =(70) ( 2 ) = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
150kv
50MVA
0.354 + j0.1168 -3 -3
XC8 = XC10 = (10) ( 2 ) = 7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
150kv
50MVA
2
10 150kv 50MVA -3
XT7 = XT8 = ( <tan -1 (22.7)) ( )( ) = 8.802x10 + j0.1198 pu
100 25MVA 150kv2
36kv
150kv
0.0521 + j0.135
XC7 = XC9 = (55) ( 2 ) = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
36kv
50MVA
0.2817 + j0.0953
36kv
50MVA
8 36kv2 50MVA
) = 0.0265 + j0.3991 pu
100 10MVA 36kv
900v
Vbase C = 36kv ( ) = 900v
36kv
2
9 900v 50MVA
Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = ( ) ( )( 2
) = 0.75 pu
100 6MVA 900v
900v
Vg1 = Vg2 = Vg3 = Vg4 = Vg5 = Vg6 = =1<0 pu
900v
SOLVING FOR KAIC

Xgrid = 0.2381 pu
XC12 = 0.02 pu
XT9 = 4.0018x10-3 + j0.1199 pu
Vbase A = 150kv
XC11 = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
XC8 = XC10 =
-3 -3
7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
XT7 = XT8 =
8.802x10-3 + j0.1198 pu
XC7 =
XC9 = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
113
XC1 = XC2 = XC3 = XC4 = XC5 =
XC6 = 0.326+j0.1103 pu

Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = 0.75 pu
G = H = XCn + XTn + XCn = 0.1273+j0.3632
I = XC11 + XT9 + XC12 + Xgrid = 0.0274+j0.3913
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
Fault @ XB14
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 26.915 MVA
1.8577

ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1.4985
114
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
115
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Fault @ XB3
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
116
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ XB2
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB15
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
0.7668
1 50MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
117
Fault @ XB16
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (0.7668 ) = 65.2061 MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1458 + j0.4108
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 121.7137 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4685 kA
0.4108 √3(150kV)

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 +XT9 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1498 + j0.5301
1
0.5301
ISC = ( ) = 0.7892 kA
0.5301 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Option 7: Micro Inverter with Lead-Acid Battery Storage
118
Figure 3.37 Micro Inverters in each modules
Parameters:
Model: SW 300 Mono
Inverter sizing
Inverter Design Computation:
1
1.1xCtxRf
f=
f=60Hz
1 1
T= =
f 60Hz
T=0.02sec
-6
Cdv 1000x10 x3.67
Ig= =
dt 0.02
Ig=183.5mA
119
P 250
ID= =
V 62
ID=4.03A
P
Full load output current, (IFL)= Vo IEC 62109-2 (2011). Particular
250
(IFL)= 230 requirements for inverters use in
(IFL)=1.09A photovoltaic systems, p.60

Inverter output power = 250 Watts
Frequency = 60 Hz
P
pf
250
S=
0.965
S = 259.06 VA
250 = I x 62
250
I= = 4.03A
62
Average Daily Energy = Inverter Efficiency
10MW * 12hr
0.965
eff.
124.35MWhr
0.95*0.80
Adjusted Daily Energy = 163.62MWhr
163.12MWhr
Array Size = 12 hr
Array Size = 13.64MW
Array Size
13.64MW
2.5 kW
120
62
Maximum no. of solar modules in series per string = 1.31≈ 1
Isc
15
9.18
4000
No. of Micro Inverter

No. of Solar Module
Estimated no. of inverter = No. of Solar Module in Series x No. of string per inverter
4000 Solar Module
1 Solar Modules in Series x 1 string per inverter
Estimated no. of inverter = 4000 inverters
Battery Sizing
Conditions:
ELBd = Ep / ηI = 16 / 0.97 = 16.84 kWh/day
BkWh = 16.84 * 2 days * 1.2 / 0.7 = 57.74 kWh / 230√3

Inverter Efficiency
10 MW x 24 hr
0.965
121
248.7 MWhr
51.8 V
Depth of Discharge
4.80 Mah * 2 days
0.50
Adjusted total Ah of batteries = 12 MAh
Ah of battery
12 Mah
189 Ah
Minimum No. of Batteries = 63,492
No. of Inverters
63,492
4000
62
51.8
15
1
panel array:
122
13 MW x 250 w x 12 hour
1-1.2%-3%
Estimated Annual Energy Production = 41,715.04.46MWhr per year

Operating Voltage

480 V
Vbase =13.8kv
Sbase =50MVA
13.8kv
Vgrid = =1<0 pu
13.8kv
20 13.8kv2 50MVA
Xgrid = ( )( ) = 0.238 pu
100 42MVA 13.8kv2
0.0521+j0.1135
XC12 = (40) ( 2 ) = 0.02 pu
13.8kv
50MVA
12 13.8kv2 50MVA
XT9 = ( <tan -1 (29.97)) ( )( ) = 4.0018x10-3 + j0.1199 pu
100 50MVA 13.8kv2
150kv
13.8kv
0.1504 + j0.0858
XC11 =(70) ( 2 ) = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
150kv
50MVA
0.354 + j0.1168
XC8 = XC10 = (10) ( 2 ) = 7.866x10-3 + j2.5956x10-3 pu
150kv
50MVA
2
10 150kv 50MVA
XT7 = XT8 = ( <tan -1 (22.7)) ( )( ) = 8.802x10-3 + j0.1198 pu
100 25MVA 150kv2
36kv
150kv
123
0.0521 + j0.135
XC7 = XC9 = (55) ( 2 ) = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
36kv
50MVA
0.2817 + j0.0953
36kv
50MVA
2
8 36kv 50MVA
) = 0.0265 + j0.3991 pu
100 10MVA 36kv
900v
Vbase C = 36kv ( ) = 900v
36kv
2
9 900v 50MVA
Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = ( ) ( )( 2
) = 0.75 pu
100 6MVA 900v
900v
Vg1 = Vg2 = Vg3 = Vg4 = Vg5 = Vg6 = =1<0 pu
900v
SOLVING FOR KAIC

Xgrid = 0.2381 pu
XC12 = 0.02 pu
-3
XT9 = 4.0018x10 + j0.1199 pu
Vbase A = 150kv
XC11 = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
XC8 = XC10 =
-3 -3
7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
XT7 = XT8 =
8.802x10-3 + j0.1198 pu
XC7 =
XC9 = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
XC1 = XC2 = XC3 = XC4 = XC5 =

XC6 = 0.326+j0.1103 pu

Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = 0.75 pu
G = H = XCn + XTn + XCn = 0.1273+j0.3632
I = XC11 + XT9 + XC12 + Xgrid = 0.0274+j0.3913
124
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1 50MVA
√3(900V)
Fault @ XB14
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 26.915 MVA
1.8577

ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (1.4985) = 33.367 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
are paralleled.
IEEE Std 551-2006 – ANSI C37.5. Guide for 125

Total Current Basis.
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
126
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB3
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Fault @ XB1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1

for Calculation of Fault Currents 127
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ XB2
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB15
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
0.7668
1 50MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB16
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 65.2061 MVA
0.7668
0.7668 √3(150kV)
128
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB17
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1458 + j0.4108
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 121.7137 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4685 kA
0.4108 √3(150kV)

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 +XT9 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1498 + j0.5301
1
0.5301
ISC = ( ) = 0.7892 kA
0.5301 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Option 8: Micro Inverter with Nickel-Cadmium Battery Storage

Parameters:
Model: SW Mono
Max. Power = 2.5 K watts
Inverter sizing
129
1
1.1xCtxRf
f=
f=60Hz
1 1
T= =
f 60Hz
T=0.02sec
-6
Cdv 1000x10 x3.67
Ig= =
dt 0.02
Ig=183.5mA
P 250
ID=V= 62
ID=4.03A
Where the voltage output of the inverter (Vo) = 230V
P
Vo
(IFL)=
230

Frequency = 60 Hz
P
250
S=
0.965
S = 259.06 VA
250 = I x 62
250
I= = 4.03A
62
Inverter Efficiency
IEEE Std. 1562 (2007). Array Sizing,
Section 9, p.156 130
10MW * 12hr
Average Daily Energy = =
0.965
Average Daily Energy = 124.35 MWhr
124.35MWhr
0.95*0.80
163.12MWhr
Array Size = 12 hr
Array Size
13.64MW
2.5 kW
oc
62
Isc
15
9.18
4000

No. of Solar Module
Estimated no. of inverter = No. of Solar Module in Series x No. of string per inverter
131
4000 Solar Module
Battery Sizing
Conditions:
ELBd = Ep / ηI = 16 / 0.97 = 16.84 kWh/day
BkWh = 16.84 * 2 days * 1.2 / 0.7 = 57.74 kWh / 230√3

Inverter Efficiency
10 MW x 24 hr
0.965

248.7 MWhr
51.8 V
Depth of Discharge
4.80 Mah * 2 days
0.50
Ah of battery
12 Mah
189 Ah
No. of Inverters
63,492
4000
62
51.8
132
15
1
panel array:

13 MW x 250 w x 12 hour
1-1.2%-3%
Voltage Correction
Voc of inverter

Code,p.154, 2010.
18 Code,pp.605-607, 2010.
133
Peak power per string IEEE Std 1562-2007. PV Array
Operating Voltage
300 W x 20 Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic
Charge Controller Current = (PV) Systems, pp.5-7, 2008.
480 V

Vbase =13.8kv
Sbase =50MVA
13.8kv
Vgrid = =1<0 pu
13.8kv
2
20 13.8kv 50MVA
Xgrid = ( )( ) = 0.238 pu
100 42MVA 13.8kv2
0.0521+j0.1135
XC12 = (40) ( 2 ) = 0.02 pu
13.8kv
50MVA
2
12 13.8kv 50MVA -3
XT9 = ( <tan -1 (29.97)) ( )( ) = 4.0018x10 + j0.1199 pu
100 50MVA 13.8kv2
150kv
13.8kv
0.1504 + j0.0858
XC11 =(70) ( 2 ) = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
150kv
50MVA
0.354 + j0.1168 -3 -3
XC8 = XC10 = (10) ( 2 ) = 7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
150kv
50MVA
2
10 150kv 50MVA -3
XT7 = XT8 = ( <tan -1 (22.7)) ( )( ) = 8.802x10 + j0.1198 pu
100 25MVA 150kv2
36kv
150kv
0.0521 + j0.135
XC7 = XC9 = (55) ( 2 ) = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
36kv
50MVA
0.2817 + j0.0953
36kv
50MVA
8 36kv2 50MVA
) = 0.0265 + j0.3991 pu
100 10MVA 36kv
134
900v
Vbase C = 36kv ( ) = 900v
36kv
2
9 900v 50MVA
Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = ( )( )( 2
) = 0.75 pu
100 6MVA 900v
900v
Vg1 = Vg2 = Vg3 = Vg4 = Vg5 = Vg6 = =1<0 pu
900v
SOLVING FOR KAIC

Xgrid = 0.2381 pu
XC12 = 0.02 pu
-3
XT9 = 4.0018x10 + j0.1199 pu
Vbase A = 150kv
XC11 = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
XC8 = XC10 =
-3 -3
7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
XT7 = XT8 =
8.802x10-3 + j0.1198 pu
XC7 =
XC9 = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
XC1 = XC2 = XC3 = XC4 = XC5 =

XC6 = 0.326+j0.1103 pu

Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = 0.75 pu
G = H = XCn + XTn + XCn = 0.1273+j0.3632
I = XC11 + XT9 + XC12 + Xgrid = 0.0274+j0.3913
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
135
Fault @ XB14
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (1.8577 ) = 26.915 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1
XF = j0.75+I+ (((A +(XT5 + XC5 )-1 + C ) +G) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) + H) ) = 0.1568 + j1.4985
-1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
XF = j0.75+I+ (((A +B + (XT4 + XC4 )-1 ) +G) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) + H) ) = 0.1568 + j1.4985
-1 -1
1
1.4985
136
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB3
137
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1
XF = j0.75+I+ (((A +B + C ) +G) + ((D +(XT2 + XC2 )-1 + F-1 ) + H) ) = 0.1568 + j1.4985
-1 -1 -1
1
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Fault @ XB1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1.4985
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ XB2
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
138
1 50MVA IEEE Std 551-2006 – ANSI C37.5. Guide
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB15
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
1 50MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB16
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (0.7668 ) = 65.2061 MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1458 + j0.4108
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 121.7137 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4685 kA
0.4108 √3(150kV)

139
Fault @ XB18
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 +XT9 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1498 + j0.5301
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.7892 kA
0.5301 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Option 9: Micro Inverter with Lithium Ion Battery Storage
Parameters:
Model: SW 300 Mono
Inverter sizing
1
1.1xCtxRf
f=
f=60Hz
1 1
T= f =60Hz
T=0.02sec
-6
Cdv 1000x10 x3.67
Ig= dt = 0.02
140
Ig=183.5mA
P 250
ID= =
V 62
ID=4.03A
P
Vo
(IFL)=
230

Frequency = 60 Hz
P
250
S=0.965
S = 259.06 VA
250 = I x 62
250
I = 62 = 4.03A
Inverter Efficiency
10MW * 12hr
0.965
eff.
124.35MWhr
Array Size =
163.12MWhr
Array Size =
12 hr
Array Size
13.64MW
141
oc
62
47.136
Isc
Solar Modules Isc
15
9.18
4000
1

No. of Solar Module
No. of Solar Module in Series x No. of string per inverter
4000 Solar Module
Battery Sizing
Conditions:
ELBd = Ep / ηI = 16 / 0.97 = 16.84 kWh/day
BkWh = 16.84 * 2 days * 1.2 / 0.7 = 57.74 kWh / 230√3
142
Inverter Efficiency
10 MW x 24 hr
0.965

248.7 MWhr
51.8 V
Depth of Discharge
4.80 Mah * 2 days
0.50
Ah of battery
12 Mah
189 Ah
No. of Inverters
63,492
4000
62
51.8
15
1
panel array:
143

13 MW x 250 w x 12 hour
1-1.2%-3%
Battery sizing
Conditions:
ELBd = Ep / ηI = 16 / 0.95 = 16.84 kWh/day
BkWh = 16.84 * 2 days * 1.2 / 0.7 = 57.74 kWh / 230√3
[Ah x autonomy]
Battery Capacity =
% capacity at end of life x SOC
[144.94Ah x 2]
Battery Capacity = 75% x 95%
Battery Capacity = 406.85 Ah x 1.1 (Design margin) = 447.53 Ah
Voltage-window adjustment for mismatch reducing for battery and panel array:
Controller low-voltage disconnect set point: 100 V IEEE Standard 1144-1996, (10.6.e):
Adjusted Vmin: 100 V
IEEE Recommended Practices for
Controller full-charge voltage set point: 150 V
Maximum current draw from the battery: 150 A Sizing Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for
Functional-hour rate: = 447.53 / 150 = 2.98 h Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
Note: For the controller low-voltage disconnect set point, adjusted Vmin, controller full-charge voltage set
point and maximum current draw from the battery are typical set points recommended by the standard –
IEEE Standard 1144-1996
Number of series connected cells:
Recommended full-charge voltage for selected cell: 1.2 V
Maximum number of cells in series: 150 V/ 1.2 V = 125
Recommended end of discharge (EOD) voltage for selected cell: 1 V for normal load
144
Calculated EOD voltage for cell: Adj Vmin / series cells = 100 V/
125 = 0.80 V IEEE Standard 1144-1996, (10.6.e):
Since calculated EOD < recommended EOD, use decrement IEEE Recommended Practices for
value Sizing Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for
Decrement number of series cells: 125 - 1 = 124 Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
Calculated cell charge voltage: 120 / 69 = 0.97 V (Decrement
value is close to standard 1 V cell charge)
Note: Full-charge voltage per cell was a factor for battery sizing complying also with the Philippine Electrical
Code and other cell factors including decrement factors were referred to – IEEE Standard 1144-1996
Cell selection and final capacity determination:
Smallest practical cell capacity when discharged to the EOD voltage at the functional-hour rate: [(447.53 / 1) -
2.98] = 444.55 Ah
Number of strings parallel: 447.53 / 444.55 = 1.01 ≈ 1
Final battery capacity: 444.55 x 1 = 444.55 Ah
Final Battery Storage capacity is 450 Ah rated at 2.98 h functional-hour rate.
Voltage Correction
Voc of inverter

Code,p.154, 2010.

34,544
18 Code,pp.605-607, 2010.

Operating Voltage

480 V
Charge Controller Current = 15 A (PV) Systems, pp.5-7, 2008.
Wiring and Fusing

PV module to PV module.
145
Iwire= Isc * 1.56
Iwire = 8.91 A * 1.56 NEC Article 690.8(A)(B), Calculation of
Iwire = 13.90 A maximum circuit current and Ampacity
Note: The multiplier 1.56 is derived by combining the and Protection,National Electrical
continuous current ampacity rating (Isc x 1.25)
Code,p.46, 2010.
and the NEC 125% safety factor applicable to
13.90
0.82 x 1
Note:Carrying from the NEC Article 310.16, Ambient
equation,13.ttttttttttttttttttttttttttt90/(0.82 x 1) = 16.95 amps.If
you check the ampacity chart on NEC Table 310.15(B)(16)
for 90°C rated THWN-2 copper,you’ll find that AWG 14 can General Wiring.National Electrical
handle up to 25 A and is the minimum allowable wire size for Code,p.154, 2010.
this circuit when temperature correction factored in – that
is,25 x 0.82 x 1 = 20.5 A, which is greater than the circuit atmpacity calculation of 16.95 A.

Iwire = Isc * 1.56
Iwire = 8.91 A * 1.56
Iwire = 13.90A
0.82 x 1 breaker ampere ratings,Philippine

Ifuse = Isc * 3 NEC Article 310.16, Ambient
Ifuse = 8.91 A * 3
Ifuse = 26.73 A Temperature Correction,Conductors for
Use: 30 A fuse General Wiring.National Electrical
Charge controller to batteries Code,p.154, 2010.
Iwire = Isc * 1.56
Iwire = 8.91 A * 1.56
Iwire = 13.90 A
13.90
0.82 x 1 PEC 2.40.1.6(a), For fuse and circuit
Derated wire ampacity = 16.95 A breaker ampere ratings,Philippine
Use: 1-AWG 14 THWN-2 + 1- AWG 16 THWN-2 copper Electrical Code,2009
Ifuse = Isc * 3
146
Ifuse = 8.91 A * 3
and Protection,National Electrical
Combine box to inverter
No. of string in parallel Code,p.46, 2010.
Iwire = Isc * * 1.56
1616
Iwire = 8.91 * ∗ 1.56
3*66
Iwire = 113.44 A
113.44 NEC Article 310.16, Ambient
Derated wire ampacity = Temperature Correction,Conductors for
0.82 x 1
Derated wire ampacity = 138.34 A Code,p.154, 2010.
Ifuse= Isc * No. of phase * No. of inverters ∗ 3
1616
Ifuse = 8.91 * *3 = 218.16 A
3*66
Use: 225 A fuse
PEC 2.50.6.13, For minimum size of equipment
Inverter to transformer grounding conductors for grounding raceway
Transformer to busbar and equipment,Philippine Electrical Code,2009.
Iwire = Irating * 1.25
Iwire = 606.06 A * 1.25
Iwire = 757.58 A
Use: 2 - #250 THHN + 1 - #50 THHN NEC Article 690.8(A)(B), Calculation of

maximum circuit current and Ampacity
IITCB = 606.06 * 2.50
ITCB = 1515.15 A with Overcurrent Device Rating,.Wiring
Use: 1600-A Inverse time Circuit Breaker and Protection,National Electrical
Code,p.46, 2010.
Transformer Rating
S= √3*3.1378kA*13.2kV
S = 75 MVA
Simulation for the Generation of Solar Power System
147
148
149
150
Vbase =13.8kv
Sbase =50MVA
13.8kv
Vgrid = =1<0 pu
13.8kv
2
20 13.8kv 50MVA
Xgrid = ( )( ) = 0.238 pu
100 42MVA 13.8kv2
0.0521+j0.1135
XC12 = (40) ( 2 ) = 0.02 pu
13.8kv
50MVA
2
12 13.8kv 50MVA
XT9 = ( <tan -1 (29.97)) ( )( ) = 4.0018x10-3 + j0.1199 pu
100 50MVA 13.8kv2
150kv
13.8kv
0.1504 + j0.0858
XC11 =(70) ( 2 ) = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
150kv
50MVA
0.354 + j0.1168 -3 -3
XC8 = XC10 = (10) ( 2 ) = 7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
150kv
50MVA
2
10 150kv 50MVA -3
XT7 = XT8 = ( <tan -1 (22.7)) ( )( ) = 8.802x10 + j0.1198 pu
100 25MVA 150kv2
36kv
150kv
0.0521 + j0.135
XC7 = XC9 = (55) ( 2 ) = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
36kv
50MVA
0.2817 + j0.0953
36kv
50MVA
8 36kv2 50MVA
) = 0.0265 + j0.3991 pu
100 10MVA 36kv
900v
Vbase C = 36kv ( ) = 900v
36kv
2
9 900v 50MVA
Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = ( ) ( )( 2
) = 0.75 pu
100 6MVA 900v
900v
Vg1 = Vg2 = Vg3 = Vg4 = Vg5 = Vg6 = =1<0 pu
900v
SOLVING FOR KAIC
151
Xgrid = 0.2381 pu
XC12 = 0.02 pu
XT9 = 4.0018x10-3 + j0.1199 pu
Vbase A = 150kv
XC11 = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
XC8 = XC10 =
-3 -3
7.866x10 + j2.5956x10 pu
XT7 = XT8 =
8.802x10-3 + j0.1198 pu
XC7 =
XC9 = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
XC1 = XC2 = XC3 = XC4 = XC5 =

XC6 = 0.326+j0.1103 pu

Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = 0.75 pu
G = H = XCn + XTn + XCn = 0.1273+j0.3632
I = XC11 + XT9 + XC12 + Xgrid = 0.0274+j0.3913
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1 50MVA
√3(900V)
Fault @ XB14
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 26.915 MVA
1.8577

impedances are paralleled. 152
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
USE = 10 KAIC

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (1.4985) = 33.367 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
153
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Fault @ 𝐗 𝐁𝟓 forApplication of AC High-Voltage Circuit
-1
Breakers Rated
-1 -1
on a Total Current Basis.
-1 -1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB3
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
Breakers Rated on a Total Current Basis.154
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ 𝐗 𝐁𝟒
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Fault @ XB1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ XB2
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1 50MVA impedances
IEEE are paralleled.
Std 551-2006 – ANSI C37.5. Guide
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
Fault @ XB15
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
155
1
0.7668
1 50MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB16
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (0.7668 ) = 65.2061 MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1458 + j0.4108
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 121.7137 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4685 kA
0.4108 √3(150kV)

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 +XT9 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1498 + j0.5301
1
0.5301

for Calculation of Fault Currents 156
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.7892 kA
0.5301 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
157
Chapter 4
Constraints, Trade-Off and Standards
Capital Cost- are fixed, one-time expenses incurred on the purchase of land, buildings, construction, and
equipment used in the production of goods or in the rendering of services. In other words, it is the total cost
needed to bring a project to a commercially operable status.
Land Area - the sum of land within international boundaries and coastlines that will be used.
Plant Efficiency - The design should have the least amount of percentage of loss in the power plant itself, to
have the highest value of efficiency. These constraints will choose the best option among the proposed
designs that accord to the percentage of power output over the power input in the power plant. And also, this
characteristic of the performance will conclude the efficiency of the power plant that will expose how small or
large the losses that could affect the power plant.
Efficiency – an effective operation as measured by a comparison of production with cost (as in energy, time,
and money)- Power efficiency is defined as the ratio of the output power divided by the input power: η = 100%
⋅ Pout / Pin. η is the efficiency in percent (%). Pin is the input power consumption in watts (W).
Scaling, Shifting and Normalizing of the Scores

1. Lower the value of v, the higher the score
High-v
Score= 9( )+1
High-Low
2. Higher the value of v, the higher the score
v-low
Score= 9( )+1
High-Low
Where:
v – Actual Value
High – High Value
Low – Low Value
Weighted factor values (non-negative and total of 1.00)
Level of importance
Weighted factor =
Total level of importance
Weighted Sum of Performance Criteria and Level of Importance

i i i
Form WPCi = x1PCj + x2PCj + x3PCj
Where:
Xj ≥ 0
x1+x2+x3 = 1
i = number of options
j = number of constraints
158
Design Comparison
Tidal Power System Trade offs
Table 4.1 Projected Cost for Tidal Power System
Cost (Peso) Score
Option 1 574850104.8 9.611812087
Option 2 3637939107 6.813050562
Option 3 3,978,036,118 6.502302025
Option 4 365372544.5 9.803212904
Design 1 Economical Score

12
10
0
Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4
Figure 4.1 Scores of Design 1 Economical

Figure 4.1 Ranking Score for Design 1 Option 1 Economical Table 4-1 shows each design’s actual value and
score for economical constraint. The optimal choice for this constraint is the design number 1 which has a
score of 9.803212904. The second choice is the design number 2 which has a rating of 9.611812087. the 3rd
choice is the design number 3 which has a score of 6.813050562. And the lowest score is 6.502302025.
Table 4.2 Projected Efficiency for Tidal Power System

Efficiency (%) Score
Option 1 76.7833 1.6714
Option 2 83.259 1.6714
Option 3 81.4088 1.6714
Option 4 84.778 1.6714
Design 1 Efficiency Score

9.5
8.5
7.5
Figure 4.2 Scores for Design 1 Efficiency
159
score for economical constraint. The score is all the same because the same component of gearbox and
turbine is used.
Table 4.3 Projected Land area for Tidal Power System

Area (sq. km) Score
Option 1 0.5 9.974175036
Option 2 0.5 9.974175036
Option 3 0.646 9.955322812
Option 4 0.735 9.943830703
Design 1 Land Area Score

9.98
9.975
9.97
9.965
9.96
9.955
9.95
9.945
9.94
9.935
9.93
9.925
Figure 4.3 Scores for Design 1

score for economical constraint. The optimal choice for this constraint is the design number 1 and number 2
which has a score of 9.974175036. The second choice is the design number 3 which has a rating of
9.955322812. the 3rd choice is the design number 4 which has a score of 9.955322812.
Table 4.4(a) Design Criteria Sensitivity Analysis
Criteria Level Of Weight Design 1 Options

Importance
Option 1 Ranking Option 2 Ranking

Economical 5 0.5 9.611812 4.805906043 6.813050562 3.406525281
Efficiency 2 0.2 8.30071 1.86572 9.1333 1.86572
Land Area 3 0.3 9.974175 2.992252511 9.974175036 2.992252511
Overall Rank 10 9.458300554 8.225437792
160
Table 4.4(b) Design Criteria Sensitivity Analysis
Criteria Level Of Weight Design 1 Options
Importance
Option 3 Ranking Option 4 Ranking

Economical 5 0.5 6.502302025 3.251151 9.803213 4.901606
Efficiency 2 0.2 8.895417 1.86572 1.86572 1.86572
Land Area 3 0.3 9.974175036 2.992253 9.974175 2.992253
Overall Rank 10 8.022487 9.759579
The final equations are:

WPC1 = 9.611812x1 + 9.3286x2 + 9.974175x3
WPC2 = 6.813050562 x1 + 9.3286x2 + 9.974175036x3
WPC3 = 6.502302025x1 + 9.3286x2 + 9.974175036x3
WPC4 = 9.803213x1 + 9.3286x2 + 9.974175x3
Design Option
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4
Economical Efficiency Land Area
Figure 4.4 Design Option Criteria Output
Figure 4.4 provides the overall trade-off for all design options in the solar thermal power system. The tradeoff
was done using ranking criterion which rates the different constraints according to the needs that are
prioritized by the client which puts economy as the top priority among the constraints followed by
environmental and efficiency constraints. As seen here, option 4 wins the overall trade of therefore it is
declared as the best option for solar control system.
Wind Power System Trade off
Table 4.5 Projected Cost for Wind Power System

Capital Cost Score
Option 1 PHP 3,932,738,328.16 6.5437
Option 2 PHP 3,815,728,343.11 6.6506
Option 3 PHP 475,191,516.50 9.7029
Option 4 PHP 475,191,516.50 9.7029
Option 5 PHP 1,738,245,350.00 8.5488
161
Option 6 PHP 1,738,245,350.00 8.5488
Figure 4 5 Scores for Design 2 Economical
Figure shows the Wind Turbine tradeoffs for Economic Constraint. The costs of the different types of
Wind Turbines are shown together with the resulted score using the model on trade-off strategies in
engineering design presented by Pareto Analysis. See Appendix for the reference and
computations.
Figure 4.6 Projected Area for Wind Power System

Land Area. (sq km) Score
Option 1 2.66616 9.8467819
Option 2 2.66616 9.8467819
Option 3 2.66616 9.8467819
Option 4 2.53889125 9.86350334
Option 5 2.1761925 9.91115719
Option 6 2.1761925 9.91115719
Figure 4.6 Scores for Design 2 Land Are
162
Figure 4.6 shows the Wind Turbine tradeoffs for Environmental Constraint. The reliability of the different
types of Wind Turbines are shown together with the resulted score using the model on trade-off
strategies in engineering design presented by Pareto Analysis. See Appendix for the reference and
computations.
Table 4.7 Projected Efficiency for Wind Power System

Efficiency Score
Option 1 83.8565 9.210121429
Option 2 82.935 9.091642857
Option 3 83.8565 9.210121429
Option 4 82.935 9.091642857
Option 5 83.8565 9.210121429
Option 6 82.935 9.091642857
Figure 4 7 Projected Efficiency for Wind Power System
Table shows the Wind Design tradeoffs for Efficiency Constraint. The efficiency of the different
types of Wind Turbines are shown together with the resulted score using the model on trade-off
strategies in engineering design presented by Pareto Analysis. See Appendix for the reference and
computations.
Table 4.8(a) Design Criteria Analysis

Design Weight Design Ranking Design Ranking Design Ranking
Criterion Option 1 Option Option
2 3
Economic 5 6.5437 3.2718 6.6506 3.3253 9.7029 4.8514
Environmental 3 9.8468 2.9540 9.8468 2.9540 9.8468 2.9540
Efficiency 2 9.2101 1.8420 9.0916 1.8420 9.2101 1.8420
Overall 10 8.0679 8.1214 9.6475
Table 4.8(b) Design Criteria Analysis

Design Criterion Weight Design Ranking Design Ranking Design Ranking
Option 4 Option Option 6
5
Economic 5 9.7029 4.8514 8.5488 4.2744 8.5488 4.2744
163
Environmental 3 9.8635 2.9591 9.9112 2.9733 9.9112 2.9733
Efficiency 2 9.0916 1.8420 9.2101 1.8420 9.0916 1.8420
Overall 10 9.6525 9.0898 9.0898
Figure 4 8 Design Option Criteria Output
Solar Power System Design Trade off

Table 4.9 Projected Cost of System for Solar Power System
Cost (peso) score
Option 1 5201700307 5.384233222
Option 2 5198300314 5.387339815
Option 3 5194900446 5.390446293
Option 4 5480500416 5.129492006
Option 5 5477100423 5.132598599
Option 6 5473700555 5.135705076
Option 7 5650502605 4.974160056
Option 8 5647102612 4.977266649
Option 9 5643702745 4.980373127
164
Design 3 Economical Score
6E+09
5E+09
4E+09
3E+09
2E+09
1E+09
0
design option option option option option option option option option
3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Figure 4 9 Score for Design 3 Economical

Table 4-8 shows each design’s actual value and score for economical constraint. The optimal choice for
economical constraint is option 3 with a score of 5.390446293. And the last choice for economical is option
7 with a score of 4.974160056.
Table 4.10 Projected Efficiency for Solar Power System

Efficiency (%) score
Option 1 19.75 1.57
Option 2 20 1.6
Option 3 18.67 1.4404
Option 4 19.1 1.492
Option 5 19.3 1.516
Option 6 18.75 1.45
Option 7 18.64 1.4368
Option 8 19.2 1.504
Option 9 19.2 1.4716
Chart Title
1.65
1.6
1.55
1.5
1.45
1.4
1.35
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Figure 4.10 Ranking Score for Design 3 Efficiency

Figure 4.9 shows each design’s actual value and score for efficiency constraint. Since all the designs have
the same efficiency, the optimal choice for this constraint is assumed to be the design number 1.
165
Table 4.11 Projected Land Area for Solar Power System
AREA Score
Option 1 58161.2 2.522138
Option 2 58161.2 2.522138
Option 3 58161.2 2.522138
Option 4 52013 3.312624
Option 5 52013 3.312624
Option 6 52013 3.312624
Option 7 52555.2 3.242912
Option 8 52555.2 3.242912
Option 9 52555.2 3.242912
Score
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 Option 7 Option 8 Option 9
Figure 4.11 Ranking Score for Design 3 Land Area
Figure 4.10 shows each design’s actual value and score for efficiency constraint. Since all the designs have
the same land area, the optimal choice for this constraint is assumed to be the design number 1.
Table 4.12(a) Design Criteria Analysis

level of option option option
Criteria importance weight 1 ranking 2 ranking 3 ranking
Economic 5 0.5 5.3842 2.6921 5.3873 2.69365 5.3904 2.6952
Efficiency 2 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.2
Land
area 3 0.3 1.3015 0.39045 1.3015 0.39045 1.3015 0.39045
``overall
rank 10 1 3.28255 3.2841 3.28565
Table 4.12(b) Design Criteria Analysis
166
Economic 5 0.5 5.1295 2.56475 5.1326 2.5663 5.1357 2.56785
Efficiency 2 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.2
Land area 3 0.3 1.3015 0.39045 1.3015 0.39045 1.3015 0.39045
overall
rank 10 1 3.1552 3.15675 3.1583
Table 4.12(c) Design Criteria Analysis

Economic 5 0.5 4.9741 2.48705 4.9773 2.48865 4.9804 2.4902
Efficiency 2 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.2
Land area 3 0.3 1.3015 0.39045 1.3015 0.39045 1.3015 0.39045
overall rank 10 1 3.0775 3.0791 3.08065
Design Option
6
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Economical Efficiency Land Area
Figure 4.12 Design Option Criteria Output

Weight Variations and Sensitivity Analysis for Power System
Test 1
Table 4.13 Scoring breakdown for each of the Power System
Design Option
Level of Weight
Constraint Importance Factor D1 04 Rating D2 04 Rating D3 03 Rating
Economical 2 0.2 9.803213 1.960643 9.6326 1.92652 2.69365 0.53873
Efficiency 5 0.5 9.3286 4.6643 9.8635 4.93175 0.2 0.1
167
Environmental 3 0.5 9.974175 2.992253 9.684 2.9052 0.39045 0.117135
Total 10 9.617195 9.76347 0.755865
Sensitivity Analysis Test 1

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1 2 3
Economical Efficiency Environmental
Figure 4 13 Sensitivity Analysis Test 1
Table 4.11 provides a varied level of importance and weight factor between each constraint for Test I wherein
it can be seen that economy was prioritized. Scores garnered by each design in every constraint is also
shown. From this test it is determined that the design option 4 of wind power system is the most optimal
design choice for the project. For this case the winning design is the Darrieus Vertical Wind Turbine with
Fixed Tripod Foundation.
Test II
Design Option
Constraint Level of Weight D1 04 Rating D2 04 Rating D3 03 Rating
Importance Factor
Economical 1 0.1 9.803213 0.980321 9.6326 0.96326 2.69365 0.269365
Efficiency 4 0.4 9.3286 3.73144 9.8635 3.9454 0.2 0.08
Environmental 5 0.5 9.974175 4.987088 9.684 4.842 0.39045 0.195225
Total 10 9.698849 9.75066 0.54459
168
5
4
3
2
1
0
1 2 3
Economical Efficiency Environmental

Table 4.13 provides a varied level of importance and weight factor between each constraint for Test II wherein
it can be seen that environmental was prioritized. Scores garnered by each design in every constraint is also
shown. From this test it is determined that the design option 4 of wind power system is the most optimal
design choice for the project. For this case the winning design is the Darrieus Vertical Wind Turbine with
Fixed Tripod Foundation.
Test III
Design Option
Constraint Level of Weight D1 04 Rating D2 04 Rating D3 03 Rating
Importance Factor
Economical 3 0.3 9.80321 2.94096 9.6326 2.8897 2.6936 0.80809
3 4 8 5 5
Efficiency 4 0.4 9.3286 3.73144 9.8635 3.9454 0.2 0.08
Environment 3 0.3 9.97417 2.99225 9.684 2.9052 0.3904 0.11713
al 5 3 5 5
Total 10 9.66465 9.7403 1.00523
6 8

5
0
1 2 3
Economical Efficiency Environment
169
Table 4.14 provides a varied level of importance and weight factor between each constraint for Test II wherein
it can be seen that efficiency was prioritized. And the environmental and economical has the same level of
importance. Scores garnered by each design in every constraint is also shown. From this test it is determined
that the design option 4 of wind power system is the most optimal design choice for the project. For this case
the winning design is the Darrieus Vertical Wind Turbine with Fixed Tripod Foundation.
170
List of Standards
 National Electrical Code (NEC), Specific Provisions Applicable to Different Types of Transformers,
Article 450, p.677
 National Electrical Code (NEC), Nominal Voltage System, p. 516
 National Electrical Code (NEC), Maximum Voltage Regulation, Voltage Regulation and insulation, p.
37
 Philippine Electrical Code Part I (2017) Sec 4.30.2.4: General Requirements for full load branch
circuit, feeder and other conductors, p. 580
 IEC 60364-5-52(2009) table A.52.4 Standard for wire size
 Philippine Electrical Code (2017). Art. 2.40.1.6, (a) Standard Ampere Ratings, p.86
 IEC 62271-102(2001) High-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 102: Alternating current
disconnectors and earthing switches
 IEC 60099-8(2011) Part 8/IEEE C62.; Standard for Lightning Arrester and Ground Voltage Fault, p
8- 16
 Philippine Grid Code (2001), Section3.2.3, the system owner must ensure that the voltage variation
must be not more or less than +-5% of the nominal voltage at any point during normal operation,
p.32
 NEC (2001) Article 310, Table 310.60 (C) (67) and 310.60(C) (69) Conductor for general wiring.,
p.226
 IEC/TS 62600-200:2013 Marine Energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters – Part 200:
Electricity producing tidal energy converters – Power performance assessment. Provides the
calculation for the input and output power of the Turbine.
 Priority, Wire and Cable Inc., Utility wire and Cable, ACSR – Aluminum Conductor Steel
Reinforced, p. 4 – 5
 NEC 670.4 The size of the supply conductor shall have an ampacity not less than 125 percent of the
full load current.
 Philippine Electrical Code Article 3.10, Table 3.10.1.16 and Article 2.50, Table 2.50.6.13, Ampacitof
copper conductor
 Philippine Electrical Code Article 2.40.1.6, The ampacity of inverse time circuit breaker shall be 250
 IEC-62477-11 – Safety Requirements for Power Electronic Converter Systems and Equipment. The
circuit conductor shall be sized not less than 125% of the full load current.
 IEEE-446 – IEEE Recommended Practice for Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Industrial
and Commercial Applications. Identifies calculation for desired battery energy storage.
 The IEC 61400-12 is a standard for measurement of wind turbine power curves. This standard
describes how to correct power curves measured at one site specific air density to the standard air
density of 1.225 kg/m3.
 IEC Class III – air density 1.225 kg/m 3, average annual wind is below 7.5m/s.
171
 IEEE Std 1562-2007. PV Array sizing,Section 9. IEEE Guide for Array and Battery Sizing in Stand-
Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems,pp.5-7, 2008.
 IEEE Standard 1144-1996, (10.6.e): IEEE Recommended Practices for Sizing Nickel-Cadmium
Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
 NEC Article 310.16, Ambient Temperature Correction,Conductors for General Wiring.National
Electrical Code,p.154, 2010.
 NEC Article 690.7, Storage Batteries and Installations,.National Electrical Code,pp.605-607, 2010
Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, pp.5-7, 2008
 Philippine Electrical Code (2017). Art. 2.50 Table 2.50.6.13, Minimum Size Equipment Grounding
Conductors, p.124
172
Chapter 5
Final Design
Design 4: Wind Power System
Option 4: Darrieus Vertical Wind Turbine with Fixed Tripod Foundation
Location
Figure 5.1Location Map of Calaguas Group of Island

(Source: google-earth)
The Figure 5.1 shows the Location Map of Calaguas. The Calaguas group of Islands is composed of
seventeen islets and islands. Tinaga Island being the largest of the group where the famed
MahabangBuhangin Beach (Long Beach of Calaguas) is located. Mahabang Buhagin Beach is a kilometer-
long fine white sand beach at the northwestern part of Tinaga Island. Tinaga, although a remote island, has
two small communities located respectively at its south and southwestern part which is called the Barangay
Mangkawayan and Pinagtigasan respectively. These two barangays are separated by rolling hills while the
beach itself is inhabited.
Figure 5 2Wind Statistics
Figure 5.3 shows the wind speed available in the Calaguas Island
173
Figure 5 4 Annual Wind Statistic from 2009 to 2018
(source: https://www.windguru.cz/208503)
Figure 5.5 Wind Strength and Direction

(source: http://wisuki.com/statistics/499/calaguas-islands)
The figure 5.2 shows average wind speed available in the Calaguas Island. Mostly it has an average wind
speed of 10 m/s. The figure 2.3(b) shows the annual wind speed of Calaguas Island from 2009 to 2018. The
figure 5.5 shows windiest month in Calaguas Islands is November when the average maximum wind speed
is 26kmh and the average wind speed is 16kmh.The least windy month in Calaguas Islands is May when the
average maximum ;wind speed is 17kmh and the average wind speed is 8kmh. [4]
174
Design 3 Option 4: Darrieus Vertical Wind Turbine with Fixed Tripod Foundation
Stage 1: Distribution
North Tinaga Distribution
Figure 5.6 North Tinaga Barangay Distribution
Total Load current of North Tinaga Region Priority, Wire and Cable Inc., Utility
650.7288A x 1.25= 813.4110A
Full load current of North Tinaga Region
–5
Transformer Rating
√3(230)(813.4110)=6.7626MVA
Figure 5.7 North Tinaga Region
175
Figure 5.7 shows the North Tinaga Region of Calaguas which the source is 4.8kV and the type of distribution
is ring type where given the current for each section ranges from 326A to 551A separated by 2km from Point
A, 2k from Point B, 1km Point C, 7.17km from Point D. Since, figure 3.2 is a ring type distribution, ring type
2k(I) + 2k(I-425) +1k(I-751) + 7.17k (I -1,302) = 0
∴ =898.6311 A
Drop over AB
VAB = 2(898.6311)(2,000)( 0.0780)
VAB =280.3729
Voltage Drop at B
VB = 4.8kV - VAB
VB =2119.6271
VS-VR
VREG = VR *(100)
VREG = 13.2275
Drop over BC
VBC = 2(898.6311)(2,000)( 0.0780)
VBC =280.3729
Voltage Drop at C
VC = VB – VBC
VC = 1839.2542
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 30.4877
Drop over CD
VCD = 2(898.6311)(1,000)( 0.0780)
VCD =140.1865
Voltage Drop at D
VD = VC – VCD
VD = 1699.0677
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 41.2539
176
South Tinaga Distribution
Figure 5.8 South Tinaga Barangay Distribution from Substation
Figure 5.9 South Tinaga Barangay Distribution

650.7288A x 1.25= 813.4110A
√3(230)(813.4110)=6.7626MVA
Figure 5 10 South Tinaga Region
177
Figure 5.10 shows the South Tinaga Region of Calaguas which the source is 4.8kV and the type of distribution
is ring type where given the current for each section ranges from 423Ato 582A separated by 1km from Point
A, 1.5k from Point B, 1km Point C, 1km from Point D, 1km from Point E. Since, figure 3.5 is a ring type
distribution, ring type distribution will be cut to the middle and assume x and y for unknown current of the
middle to get the voltage drop of each section.
1k(I) + 1.5k(I-423) +1k(I-708) + 1k(I-1,290) + 2.08k (I -1,754) = 0

∴ = 954.5319 A
Drop over AB
VAB = 2(954.5319)(1,000)( 0.0618)
VAB = 471.9206
Voltage Drop at B
VB = 4.8kV - VAB
VB = 1928.0794
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 24.4762
Drop over BC
VBC = 2(954.5319)(1,500)( 0.0618)
VBC =176.9702
Voltage Drop at C
VC = VB – VBC
VC = 1751.1092
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 37.0560
Drop over CD
VCD = 2(954.5319)(1,000)( 0.0618)
VCD =117.9801
Voltage Drop at D
VD = VC – VCD
VD = 1633.1291
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
178
VREG = 46.9572
Drop over DE
VDE = 2(954.5319)(1,000)( 0.0618)
VDE = 117.9801
Voltage Drop at E
VE = VD – VDE
VE = 1515.1489
Voltage Regulation at E
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 58.4003
Guintinua Distribution
``
Figure 5.11 Guintinua Barangay Distribution from Substation
Figure 5.12 Guintinua Barangay Distribution
650.7288A x 1.25= 813.4110A
179
√3(230)(813.4110)=6.7626MVA
Figure 5.13 Guintinua Region
Figure 5.13 shows the Guintinua Region of Calaguas which the source is 4.8kV and the type of distribution
is ring type where given the current for each section ranges from 254A to 548A separated by 1.5km from
Point A, 1k from Point B, 2.5km Point C, 3.27km from Point D. Since, figure 3.8 is a ring type distribution, ring
type distribution will be cut to the middle and assume x and y for unknown current of the middle to get the
voltage drop of each section.
1.5k(I) + 1k(I-548) +2.5k(I-853) + 3.27k(I-1,107) = 0

∴ = 761.8368 A
Drop over AB
VAB = 2(761.8368)(1,500)( 0.0319)
VAB =72.9078
Voltage Drop at B
VB = 4.8kV - VAB
VB =2327.0922
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 3.1330
Drop over BC
VBC = 2(761.8368)(1,000)( 0.0319)
VBC =48.6052
Voltage Drop at C
VC = VB – VBC
VC = 2278.4870
180
VS-VR
VREG = *(100)
VR
VREG = 5.3331
Drop over CD
VCD = 2(761.8368)(2,500)(0.0319)
VCD =121.5130
Voltage Drop at D
VD = VC – VCD
VD = 2156.9741
VS-VR
VREG = VR *(100)
VREG = 11.2670
Figure 5.14 Pole Mounted Distribution Transformer

= 2IR
0.0211
=(2)(Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase))( 304.8 )(No. of Transformer + 1)(5meters)

with a 27 Single Unit having 3500VA load. Specific Provisions Applicable to
27 x 3500 = 95.0833 kVA
= = 5.1
50kVA 200kVA National Electrical Code (NEC),
= = 413 A
230 230
181
= 2IR National Electrical Code (NEC),
0.0211
=(2)(Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase))( 304.8 )(No. Maximum Voltage Regulation, Voltage
0.0211
=(2)(413)( )(6.1)(5meters)
304.8
=2 V

= = 3.9
200kVA 200kVA
230
= 2IR
0.0211
0.0211
304.8
=1 V

41 x7190 = 123.3750 kVA
= = 6.6
200kVA 200kVA
Ampere Load in Barangay .3(Single Phase)
230
= 230
= 536 A Nominal Voltage System, Page 516.
= 2IR
0.0211
304.8
=(2)(536)( )(7.6)(5meters)
304.8
=3 V
182
49 x 3500 = 94.7917 kVA
200kVA
= 200kVA = 5.1
Total Load of Single Units 94.7917 kVA
230 230
= 2IR
304.8
=(2)(412)( 304.8 )(6.1)(5meters)
=2 V
27 x 3500 = 63.8750 kVA
= = 3.4
200kVA 200kVA
230 230
= 2IR
0.0211
=(2)(278)( 304.8 )(4.4)(5meters)
Regulation and insulation, Page 37
=1 V
Barangay 6
= =7
200kVA 200kVA
230 230
183
= 2IR
Maximum Voltage Regulation, Voltage
0.0211
=(2)(567)( )(8)(5meters)
304.8
=3 V
Barangay 7
27 x3500 = 103.8333 kVA Article 450, Page 677
= = 5.6
200kVA 200kVA
230 230
= 2IR
0.0211
0.0211
304.8
=2 V

44 x 3500 = 122.7917 kVA
= = 6.6
200kVA 200kVA
= = 534 A National Electrical Code (NEC),
230 230
Voltage Drop (Single Phase) Nominal Voltage System, Page 516.
= 2IR
0.0211
304.8
0.0211
304.8
=3 V

Article 450, Page 677 184
20 x3500 = 68.2500 kVA
200kVA
= 200kVA = 3.7 National Electrical Code (NEC),
Ampere Load in Barangay 9(Single Phase) Nominal Voltage System, Page 516.
= = 297 A
230 230
= 2IR
=(2)(Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase))( )(No. Regulation and insulation, Page 37
304.8
0.0211
=(2)(297)( 304.8 )(4.7)(5meters)
=1 V

= =3
200kVA 200kVA
= = 247 A
230 230

= 2IR
=(2)(Ampere Load in Barangay 1(Single Phase))( )(No. Regulation and insulation, Page 37
304.8
0.0211
=(2)(247)( )(4)(5meters)
304.8
=1 V
Table 5.1 Summary Table for Distribution

Population Household Full Load KVA # of 150kVA Amp per VD
VA Transformer load
Brgy. 1 N-Tinaga 326 27 95083 95.0833 5.1 413 1.717
Brgy. 2 N-Tinaga 250 21 72917 72.9167 3.9 317 1.317
Brgy. 3 N-Tinaga 423 35 123375 123.3750 6.6 536 2.228
Brgy. 4 S-Tinaga 325 27 94792 94.7917 5.1 412 1.712
Brgy. 5 S-Tinaga 219 18 63875 63.8750 3.4 278 1.154
Brgy. 6 S-Tinaga 447 37 130375 130.3750 7.0 567 2.354
Brgy. 7 S-Tinaga 356 30 103833 103.8333 5.6 451 1.875
Brgy. 8 Guintinua 421 35 122792 122.7917 6.6 534 2.217
185
Brgy. 9 Guintinua 234 20 68250 68.2500 3.7 297 1.233
Brgy. Guintinua 195 16 56875 56.8750 3.0 247 1.027
10
Stage 2: Substation
Figure 5.15 Substation Layout

Full Load For Primary Side
9992.6935 kVA PEC Part I (2009) Sec 4.30.2.4 page 580:

IFL =
(√3) (13800) General Requirements for full load branch
IFL = 418.0641 A circuit, feeder and other conductors.
Conductor Size
Size of wire = 125% x 418.0641 IEC 60364-5-52(2009) table A.52.4
3-ACSR-Merlin,336.4 AWG, 18/1
Fuse Rating
I = IFL x 175%
I = 418.0641 x 175%
I = 731.6122 A
186
Figure 5.16 Grounding Layout
Grounding Conductor
1
Igrounding = (IFL Primary ) PEC Part 1 (2009), Sec 4.50.1.3(a) & Table
5
Igrounding = 83.6128 A 4.50.1.3(a) page 630: Standard Ampere
Use: AWG 6 Conductor ratings for Overcurrent Protection.
Full Load For Secondary Side
9992.6935 kVA
IFL = (√3) (7200)
IFL = 801.2895 A
Fuse Rating
I = IFL x 300%
I = 1001.6119 x 300%
I = 3004.8356 A

Conductor Size
IEC 60364-5-52(2009) table A.52.4
Size of wire = 125% x 801.2895
2 sets of 3-ACSR-Merlin, 715.5 AWG, 24/7
Grounding Conductor PEC Part 1 (2009), Sec 4.50.1.3(a) & Table

1 4.50.1.3(a) page 630: Standard Ampere
Igrounding = (ISecondary )
5 ratings for Overcurrent Protection.
187
Neutral Conductor
Ineutral= IFLSecondary IEC 60364-5-52(2009) table A.52.4
Ineutral = 801.2895Ampere Standard for wire size
3-ACSR-Stilt,715.5 AWG, 24/7
Switch Gear Design

S
IDSA = x 2.5
√3 * VL
9992.6935 kVA
IDSA = X 2.5
√3 (7200)
IDSA = 2003.2237 A
Disconnector Rating
13800
VT-Primary Voltage = IEC 62271-102(2001) High-voltage
√3 switchgear and control gear - Part
VT- Primary Voltage = 7967.4337 V
7200 102: Alternating current disconnectors
VT-Secondary Voltage = and earthing switches
√3
VT- Secondary Voltage = 4156.9219 V IEC 60099-8(2011) Part 8/IEEE C62.22
page 8 – 16; Standard for Lightning Arrester
Disconnector Material: Porcelain
Rated Voltage 13200 V and Ground Voltage Fault
Current Transformer
Lighting Arrester
(Voltage)(1.05) Philippine Grid Code (2001),
VLA = Section3.2.3, page 32: the
√3
Highest Voltage system owner must ensure that
(13800)(1.05) the voltage variation must be
VLA = not more or less than +-5% of
√3
VLA = 8365.8054V the nominal voltage at any point
Use: RP1 Primary Side Normal Duty Distribution Class (ZnO) during normal operation.
Nominal Voltage
NEC (2001) Article 310, Table
(7200)(1.05)
VLA = 310.60 (C) (67) and 310.60(C)
√3 (69), page 226; Conductor for
VLA = 4364.7680 V
Use: RP1 Load Side Normal Duty Distribution Class (ZnO) general wiring.
Bus Bar Sizing

9992.6935 kVA NEC (2001) Article 310, Table 310.60 (C)
IFL = (67) and 310.60(C) (69), page 226;
√3 (7200)
IFL = 801.2895 A Conductor for general wiring.
IBUS = IFL1 + IFL2 + IFL3
IBUS = 801.2895 A +801.2895 A + 801.2895 A
IBUS = 2403.8685 A
188
Use: 750MCM or 375 mm2
Table 2.2 Substation Transformer Sizing

SECONDARY PRIMARY
KVA Amp Volt Amp Voltage
Substation 9992.6935 1387.87 7200 724.1082 13800
Stage 3: Generation
Figure 5.17 Arrangement of Turbines for Option 4
Figure 5.17 Layout of the Wind Power System of a Darrieus Vertical wind turbine. The design is composed
of 15 wind turbine.
Power Computation
2
1 89.5
Pin= (1.225)π( ) (7.22)3 (0.59)
2 2
Pin = 855.6687 kW

POUT = (0.82935) (855.6687 kW) = 788.4987 kW
189
10MW
788.4987 kW

Power Input
92.15% =
788.4987 kW
Losses = 67.1700 kW

Single Line Diagram
Figure 5.18 Single Line Diagram
190
Paladin DesignBase Power Flow Program V6.55.00
Paladin DesignBase Power Flow Program V6.55.00
==============================================
Project No. : Page : 2

Project Name: Date : 10/14/2018
Title : Time : 13:21:29
Drawing No. : Company :
Revision No.: Engineer :
Jobfile Name: PPSLDFORCASTED Check by :
Scenario : Date :
Summary of Total Generation and Demand

======================================
P(MW) Q(Mvar) S(MVA) PF(%)
Swing Bus(es) : 4.455 2.434 5.077 87.75

Generators : 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00
Photovoltaics : 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00
Shunt : 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00
Static Load : 4.303 1.078 4.436 97.00

Motor Load : 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00
Transformer Loss : 0.152 1.355

Line Loss : 0.000 0.001
UPS Loss : 0.000 0.000
---------- ----------
Mismatch : 0.000 0.001
Total Source : 4.455 2.434

Total Load : 4.303 1.078
Total Loss : 0.152 1.355 (3.41% and 55.67%)
Bus Data
========
Bus Name Type V P Q C

Mag(kV) Ang(deg) (MW) (Mvar) (Mvar)
------------------------ ------ -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
234 Swing 13.800 0 0.00 0.00
4 Busbar 7.200 0 0.00 0.00
Brgy 1 P_Load 1.900 0 -0.19 -0.05
Brgy 10 P_Load 1.915 0 -0.59 -0.15
Brgy 2 P_Load 1.898 0 -0.13 -0.03
Brgy 3 P_Load 1.912 0 -0.29 -0.07
191
Brgy 4 P_Load
1.899 0 -0.34 -0.09
Brgy 5 P_Load
1.865 0 -0.19 -0.05
Brgy 6 P_Load
1.895 0 -0.26 -0.07
Brgy 7 P_Load
1.902 0 -0.33 -0.08
Brgy 8 P_Load
1.881 0 -1.28 -0.32
Brgy 9 P_Load
1.915 0 -0.71 -0.18
Bus 1 Busbar
4.800 0 0.00 0.00
Bus 2 Busbar
4.800 0 0.00 0.00
Bus 3 Busbar
4.800 0 0.00 0.00
-------- -------- --------
Total Generating Sources 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Bus Loads -4.30 -1.08
Branch Data
===========
Branch Name Type Library CodeName R X B/2 Ref °C

(Ohms) (Ohms) (Mhos)
------------------------ -------- ---------------- --------- --------- --------- ------
B1 TRCB Breaker 0.0020 0.0007
B1 TRCB1 Breaker S&C FUSE 0.0000 0.0001
B10 TRCB1 Breaker 0.0000 0.0001
B3 TRCB Breaker S&C FUSE 0.0000 0.0001
B4 TRCB1 Breaker 0.0000 0.0001
Bus Voltage Violation Report
Bus Voltage Violation Report

============================
Bus Name Type Bus Voltage UpperLim LowerLim Violation

(kV) (pu) (%) (%)
------------------------ ------ -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
No busbar current violations found!
Busbar Current Loading Violation
Busbar Current Loading Violations

=================================
Bus Name Current Ampacity Loading OverLim UnderLim Violation

(kA) (kA) (%) (%) (%)
------------------------ -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- ---------
No busbar current violations found!
192
Line Current Loading Violation
Line Current Loading Violations
===============================
Branch Name Type Current Ampacity Loading OverLim UnderLim Viol.

(kA) (kA) (%) (%) (%)
------------------------ -------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- -----
No branch current violations found!
Transformer & Line Voltage Regulator Loading Violations
Transformer & Line Voltage Regulator Loading Violations

=======================================================
Branch Name Library CodeName Capacity Loading Over Under Viol.

(MVA) (MVA) (%) (%) (%)
------------------------ ---------------- -------- -------- ------ ------ ------ -----
No Xfr violations found!
Branch Current Flow Values

Branch Current Flow Values
==========================
Branch Name Type Library CodeName Current Angle Ampacity Loading

(kA) (Deg) (kA) (%)
------------------------ -------- ---------------- -------- ------ -------- -------
B1 TRCB Breaker 0.027 -87.2 0.029 93%
B1 TRCB1 Breaker S&C FUSE 0.060 -117.2 0.060 99%
B10 TRCB Breaker 0.083 -88.2 0.085 98%
B10 TRCB1 Breaker 0.184 -118.2 0.185 99%
B2 TRCB Breaker 0.018 -86.5 0.020 90%
B3 TRCB Breaker S&C FUSE 0.040 -86.5 0.045 89%
B4 TRCB Breaker 0.049 -88.4 0.060 82%
B4 TRCB1 Breaker 0.108 -118.4 0.110 99%
B5 TRCB Breaker 0.027 -88.6 0.030 90%
B5 TRCB1 Breaker 0.060 -118.6 0.060 99%
B6 TRCB Breaker 0.037 -88.2 0.040 93%
B6 TRCB1 Breaker 0.082 -118.2 0.090 92%
B7 TRCB Breaker 0.046 -87.8 0.050 93%
B7 TRCB1 Breaker 0.102 -117.8 0.105 97%
B8 TRCB Breaker 0.183 -90.5 0.200 92%
B8 TRCB1 Breaker 0.404 -120.5 0.405 100%
B9 TRCB Breaker 0.100 -88.0 0.110 91%
B9 TRCB1 Breaker 0.220 -118.0 0.221 100%
Guintinua CB HV TR Breaker S&C FUSE-1 0.244 -59.3 0.400 61%
Guintinua CB HV TR1 Breaker 0.367 -89.3 0.367 100%
193
Main CB TR 1 Breaker 0.212 -28.7 0.215 99%
Main CB TR 2 Breaker 0.407 -58.7 0.408 100%
N-Tinaga CB HV TR Breaker 0.056 -56.7 0.058 97%
N-Tinaga CB HV TR1 Breaker 0.085 -86.7 0.085 100%
S-Tinaga CB HV TR Breaker 0.106 -58.2 0.110 97%
S-Tinaga CB HV TR1 Breaker 0.160 -88.2 0.160 100%
Brgy 1 TR9 2W Xfmr GE-225-E692573 0.030 -87.2
Brgy 10 TR 2W Xfmr IEC-800-10/.4H3 0.092 -88.2
Brgy 2 TR8 2W Xfmr GE-150-E689938 0.020 -86.5
Brgy 3 TR7 2W Xfmr GE-500-E689240A 0.044 -86.5
Brgy 4 TR6 2W Xfmr GE-500-E689240B 0.054 -88.4
Brgy 5 TR5 2W Xfmr GE-225-E692573 0.030 -88.6
Brgy 6 TR4 2W Xfmr 300-3-L 0.041 -88.2
Transformer & Line Voltage Regulator Loading
Transformer & Line Voltage Regulator Loading

============================================
Branch Name Library CodeName Capacity Loading F_Tap T_Tap

(MVA) (MVA) (%) (pu) (pu)
------------------------ ---------------- ---------- ---------- ----- ----- -----
Brgy 1 TR9 GE-225-E692573 0.22 0.20 90% 1.000 1.000
Brgy 10 TR IEC-800-10/.4H3 0.80 0.63 78% 1.000 1.000
Brgy 2 TR8 GE-150-E689938 0.15 0.14 90% 1.000 1.000
Brgy 3 TR7 GE-500-E689240A 0.50 0.30 61% 1.000 1.000
Brgy 4 TR6 GE-500-E689240B 0.50 0.37 73% 1.000 1.000
Brgy 5 TR5 GE-225-E692573 0.22 0.20 90% 1.000 1.000
Brgy 6 TR4 300-3-L 0.37 0.28 76% 1.000 1.000
Brgy 7 TR GE-500-E692135 0.50 0.35 69% 1.000 1.000
Brgy 8 TR2 1.6 MVA 6.6/0.46 1.60 1.38 86% 1.000 1.000
Brgy 9 TR1 MYTEST 1.00 0.75 75% 1.000 1.000
Guintinua TR 3000-3-L 3.66 2.85 78% 1.000 1.000
Main Substation 1 8.30 5.08 61% 1.000 1.000
N-Tinaga TR GE-750-C862197 0.75 0.66 88% 1.000 1.000
S-Tinaga TR GE-1500-E693451 1.50 1.24 83% 1.000 1.000
194
Protective Device Coordination
Figure 5.19 TCC Curve for BRGY 1

************************************ Loads **************************************
Identifying Design Load Design Demand

Name Device Type Voltage Amps Amps Kva Factor
----------- ----------- ------- ----- ------ -------- ------
Brgy 2 Load 1898 40 40 131.3 100.0
Brgy 2
********************************* Transformers **********************************

Identifying Design Load Design
Name Device Type Voltage Amps Amps
----------- ----------- ------- ----- ------
Brgy 2 TR8 Transformer 4318 20 20
Brgy 2 TR8 GE-150-E689938 1898 46 46
I-Ansi Mag.Inrush Arcing

Imped Winding Withstand Withstand Current Fault
Kva (%) Type Type At 2.00 S At 0.1 Sec Current
-------- ----- ------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------
150.0 4.15 D-Y Sol Categry 1 289 160 112
150.0 DesignKva FreqFault 659 365 254
195
Figure 5.20 TCC Curve for BRGY 2
************************************ Loads **************************************

----------- ----------- ------- ----- ------ -------- ------
Brgy 1 Load 1900 59 59 195.0 100.0
Brgy 1
********************************* Transformers **********************************

----------- ----------- ------- ----- ------
Brgy 1 TR9 GE-225-E692573 1900 68 68
196
-------- ----- ------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------
225.0 5.07 D-Y Sol Categry 1 434 241 137
Figure 5 21 TCC Curve for BRGY 3
************************************ Loads **************************************

----------- ----------- ------- ----- ------ -------- ------
Brgy 1 Load 1900 59 59 195.0 100.0
Brgy 1
********************************* Transformers **********************************

----------- ----------- ------- ----- ------
197
Brgy 1 TR9 GE-225-E692573 1900 68 68

-------- ----- ------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------
225.0 5.07 D-Y Sol Categry 1 434 241 137
Figure 5 22 TCC Curve

********************************* Transformers **********************************

----------- ----------- ------- ----- ------
Brgy 1 TR9 GE-225-E692573 1900 68 68

-------- ----- ------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------
225.0 5.07 D-Y Sol Categry 1 434 241 137

----------- ----------- ------- ----- ------
Brgy 2 TR8 GE-150-E689938 1898 46 46

-------- ----- ------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------
150.0 4.15 D-Y Sol Categry 1 289 160 112
198

----------- ----------- ------- ----- ------
Brgy 3 TR7 GE-500-E689240A 1912 151 151

-------- ----- ------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------
500.0 5.67 D-Y Sol Categry 1 965 535 272

----------- ----------- ------- ----- ------
Brgy 4 TR6 GE-500-E689240B 1899 152 152

-------- ----- ------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------
500.0 5.71 D-Y Sol Categry 1 960 532 269

----------- ----------- ------- ----- ------
Brgy 5 TR5 GE-225-E692573 1865 70 70

-------- ----- ------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------
225.0 5.07 D-Y Sol Categry 1 432 239 136
*********************************** Breakers ************************************
Identifying Design Design

Name Device Type Model Voltage Amps
----------- ----------- -------------- ------- ------
Main CB TR 1 Gen Device 13800 215
Main CB TR 1 CH MV I4TPH Frm Siz 4000
DIGITRIPMV DIGITRIP MV LI Int Rat 28000
DIGITRIPMV 13800V Class
Sensor Curr. --LongTime-- ----ShortTime---- --Inst.Time--

Taps Sett. Pickup Delay Pickup Delay I2T Pickup Delay
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- ---- ------ -----
50 0.2 .2 5 FIX
X=Sensor C=Curr.Sett. L=Long Pickup S=Short Pickup H=Int.Rate

----------- ----------- -------------- ------- ------
Main CB TR 2 Gen Device 7200 408
Main CB TR 2 CH FLAT -PH Frm Siz 5000
32-266 DIGITRP 3000 LS Int Rat 37000
32-266 13800V Class
199
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- ---- ------ -----
50 2.2 2 8 1.5

----------- ----------- -------------- ------- ------
N-Tinaga CB HV TR1 Gen Device 4800 85
N-Tinaga CB HV T CH MV I2TPH Frm Siz 4000
DIGITRIPMV DIGITRIP MV LSI Int Rat 18000
DIGITRIPMV 13800V Class

------ ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- ---- ------ -----
50 2.2 9 11 .05 25 FIX

----------- ----------- -------------- ------- ------
B1 TRCB Gen Device 4800 29
B1 TRCB COOPER KF 20-1000 A Frm Siz 500
TCC-648 8/93 KF LI Int Rat 20000
TCC-648 8/93 5000V Class

------ ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- ---- ------ -----
410 1.00 KF 5.00 INST

----------- ----------- -------------- ------- ------
B1 TRCB1 Gen Device 1900 60
B1 TRCB1 COOPER KF 20-1000 A Frm Siz 1000
TCC-648 8/93 5000V Class

------ ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- ---- ------ -----
910 1.00 KF 5.00 INST

----------- ----------- -------------- ------- ------
B2 TRCB COOPER KF 20-1000 A Frm Siz 500
TCC-648 8/93 5000V Class

------ ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- ---- ------ -----
410 1.00 KF 5.00 INST
200
----------- ----------- -------------- ------- ------
B2 TRCB1 CH FLAT -PH Frm Siz 5000
32-266 DIGITRP 3000 LSI Int Rat 41000
32-266 4160V Class

------ ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- ---- ------ -----
50 2.2 .2 4 .05 4.5 FIX

----------- ----------- -------------- ------- ------
B3 TRCB COOPER EF 20-1000 A Frm Siz 1000
TCC-643 8/93 EF LI Int Rat 20000
TCC-643 8/93 5000V Class

------ ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- ---- ------ -----
910 1.00 EF 5.00 INST

----------- ----------- -------------- ------- ------
B3 TRCB1 CH FLAT -PH Frm Siz 5000
32-266 DIGITRP 3000 LSI Int Rat 41000
32-266 4160V Class

------ ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- ---- ------ -----
50 2.2 .2 4 .05 4.5 FIX
Short Circuit Analysis of Final Design

Vbase =13.8kv
Sbase =50MVA
13.8kv
Vgrid = =1<0 pu
13.8kv
2
20 13.8kv 50MVA
Xgrid = ( )( ) = 0.238 pu
100 42MVA 13.8kv2
0.0521+j0.1135
XC12 = (40) ( 2 ) = 0.02 pu
13.8kv
50MVA
12 13.8kv2 50MVA -3
XT9 = ( <tan -1 (29.97)) ( )( ) = 4.0018x10 + j0.1199 pu
100 50MVA 13.8kv2
201
150kv
13.8kv
0.1504 + j0.0858
XC11 =(70) ( 2 ) = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
150kv
50MVA
0.354 + j0.1168
XC8 = XC10 = (10) ( 2 ) = 7.866x10-3 + j2.5956x10-3 pu
150kv
50MVA
10 150kv2 50MVA -3
XT7 = XT8 = ( <tan -1 (22.7)) ( )( ) = 8.802x10 + j0.1198 pu
100 25MVA 150kv2
36kv
150kv
0.0521 + j0.135
XC7 = XC9 = (55) ( 2 ) = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
36kv
50MVA
0.2817 + j0.0953
36kv
50MVA
8 36kv2 50MVA
) = 0.0265 + j0.3991 pu
100 10MVA 36kv
900v
Vbase C = 36kv ( ) = 900v
36kv
9 900v2 50MVA
Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = ( ) ( )( 2
) = 0.75 pu
100 6MVA 900v
900v
Vg1 = Vg2 = Vg3 = Vg4 = Vg5 = Vg6 = =1<0 pu
900v
SOLVING FOR KAIC

Xgrid = 0.2381 pu
XC12 = 0.02 pu
-3
XT9 = 4.0018x10 + j0.1199 pu
Vbase A = 150kv
XC11 = 0.0234 + j0.0133 pu
XC8 = XC10 =
7.866x10-3 + j2.5956x10-3 pu
XT7 = XT8 =
-3
8.802x10 + j0.1198 pu
XC7 =
XC9 = 0.1106+j0.2408 pu
202
XC1 = XC2 = XC3 = XC4 = XC5 =
XC6 = 0.326+j0.1103 pu

Xg1 = Xg2 = Xg3 = Xg4 = Xg5 = Xg6 = 0.75 pu
G = H = XCn + XTn + XCn = 0.1273+j0.3632
I = XC11 + XT9 + XC12 + Xgrid = 0.0274+j0.3913
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
Fault @ XB14
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 26.915 MVA
1.8577

ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 33.367 MVA
1.4985
203
1 50MVA
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
204
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.4985
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
Fault @ XB3
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
ISC = ( ) = 21.4047 kA
1.4985 √3(900V)
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
1.8577 √3(36kV)
205
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1
1 50MVA
1.4985 √3(900V)
USE = 30 KAIC
Fault @ XB2
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1
1
1.8577
ISC = ( ) = 0.4316kA
USE = 10 KAIC
Fault @ XB15
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
0.7668
1 50MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
206
Fault @ XB16
-1 -1
-1 -1 -1
1
MVASC = 50MVA (0.7668 ) = 65.2061 MVA
0.7668 √3(150kV)
-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1458 + j0.4108
1
MVASC = 50MVA ( ) = 121.7137 MVA
ISC = ( ) = 0.4685 kA
0.4108 √3(150kV)

-1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1
XF = C11 +XT9 + (((A-1 +B-1 + C ) +G ) + ((D-1 +E-1 + F-1 ) +H) ) = 0.1498 + j0.5301
1
0.5301
ISC = ( ) = 0.7892 kA
0.5301 √3(150kV)
USE = 10 KAIC
207
Appendix A
Computation for Tidal Power System Economical

Single basin with Single Effect
Php/kw Php/turbine
Power Conversion 71971 59572800
System
Structural Steel 26056.8 21571200
Elements
Subsea Cable Cost 6552 5443200
Turbine Installation 87746.4 72676800
Sub Sea Cable 82454.4 68292000
Installation
Offshore Electric Grid 12146.4 10080000
Interconnection
Total 286927 237636000 237922927
574850104.8
Single basin with Double Effect
Php/kw Php/turbine
Power 71971 1287014400
Conversion
System
Structural Steel 26056.8 21571200
Elements
Subsea Cable 6552 5443200
Cost
Turbine 87746.4 72676800
Installation
Sub Sea Cable 82454.4 68292000
Installation
Offshore Electric 12146.4 10080000
Grid
Interconnection
Total 286927 1465077600 1465364527
3637939107
Double Basin with Paired-Basin operation
208
Php/kw Php/turbine
Power Conversion 71971 37330927.2
System
Structural Steel 26056.8 28475848.8
Elements
Turbine Installation 87746.4 726768
Sub Sea Cable 82454.4 68292000
Installation
Offshore Electric Grid 12146.4 10084939.2
Interconnection
Total 286927 150353683.2 150640610.2
365372544.5
Double Basin with Linked-basin Operation
Php/kw Php/turbine
Power Conversion System 71971 1287014400
Structural Steel Elements 26056.8 38694297.6
Turbine Installation 87746.4 143277926.4
Sub Sea Cable Installation 82454.4 148309711.2
Offshore Electric Grid Interconnection 12146.4 25733836.8
Total 286927 1655630172 1655917099
3978036118
Computation for solar Economic Constraint

Economic constraint
Option 1: Cenral inverter with lead acid battery storage
Materials: ₱ 1529911855
Labor: ₱ 1988885412
Total: ₱ 5201700307
Option 2: Cenral inverter with nickel cadmium battery storage
Materials: ₱ 1528911857
Labor: ₱ 1987585414
Total: ₱ 5198300314
Option 3: Cenral inverter with lithium ion battery storage
Materials: ₱ 1527911896
Labor: ₱ 1986285465
Total: ₱8 5194900446
Option 4: String inverter with lead acid battery storage
Materials: ₱ 1527911896
Labor: ₱ 1986285465
Total: ₱ 5194900446
209
Option 5: String with nickel cadmium battery storage
Materials: ₱ 1611911887
Labor: ₱ 2095485453
Total: ₱ 5480500416
Option 6: String inverter with lithium ion battery storage
Materials: ₱ 1610911889
Labor: ₱ 2094185456
Total: ₱8 5477100423
Option 7: Micro inverter with lead acid battery storage
Materials: ₱ 1609911928
Labor: ₱ 2092885506
Total: ₱ 5473700555
Option 8: String inverter with nickel cadmium battery storage
Materials: ₱ 1661912531
Labor: ₱ 2160486290
Total: ₱ 5650502605
Option 9: Micro inverter with lithium ion battery storage
Materials: ₱ 1659912572
Labor: ₱ 2157886344
Total: ₱ 5643702745
Computation for Wind Power System Economical
Savonius Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Monopile Foundation
Total Turbine Investment Cost for a 3 MW Wind Turbine based on NREL [2014]
Php 292,501,500.00 per 3 MW
Note: All of the values are converted from dollars to peso using an exchange of 1 USD to 50 PHP.
Electrical cables production investment cost based on NREL [Php/Km]
Electrical Cables Investment Cost [Php/Km] Data Collecting Year

Inter array cable 35,400,000.00 2006
Transmission cable 48,380,000.00 2006
Offshore Substation 826,000.00 [Php/MW] 2006
Onshore Substation 590,000.00 [Php/MW] 2006
Wind Turbine Transformer 2,979,500.00 [Php/WT] 2006
Total Electrical Installation per MW
210
Ce = (442,483.33 + 7236*dshore) * 50 [Php/MW]
Note: The calculations on a per MW basis including constant and variable costs of producing, transport and
installation of electrical infrastructure given the following equation according to distance to shore. All of the
values are converted from dollars to peso using an exchange of 1 USD to 50 PHP.
Total Investment Cost
Monopile: [2,242,483.33 + 7,236*dshore + 986,059*exp(0.0182*D)] * 50 [PHP/MW]
Total Investment Cost = [2,242,483.33 + 7,236* 50 + 986,059*exp(0.0182*92)] * 50 * 10

Total Investment Cost = PHP 3,932,738,328.16
Note: All of the values are converted from dollars to peso using an exchange of 1 USD to 50 PHP. The
following values and equations on a per MW basis and show the total investment costs according to water
depth, respectively distance to shore for Monopile Technology.
Darrieus Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Monopile Foundation
Php 292,501,500.00 per 3 MW

Ce = (442,483.33 + 7236*dshore) * 50 [Php/MW]
211
Monopile: [2,242,483.33 + 7,236*dshore + 986,059*exp(0.0182*D)] * 50 [PHP/MW]
Total Investment Cost = [2,242,483.33 + 7,236* 50 + 986,059*exp(0.0182*89.5)] * 50 * 10

depth, respectively distance to shore for Monopile Technolohu.
Savonius Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Tripod Foundation
Php 292,501,500.00 per 3 MW

Ce = (442,483.33 + 7236*dshore) * 50 [Php/MW]
212
installation of electrical infrastructure given the following equation according to distance to shore. A ll of the
Tripod: (3,056,887.13 + 7,514.34*dshore) * 50 [PHP/MW]
Total Investment Cost = (3,056,887.13 + 7,514.34*80) * 50 * 10

Total Investment Cost = PHP 475,191,516.50
depth, respectively distance to shore for Tripod technology.
Darrieus Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Floating Foundation
Php 292,501,500.00 per 3 MW

Ce = (442,483.33 + 7236*dshore) * 50 [Php/MW]
213
Tripod: (3,056,887.13 + 7,514.34*dshore) * 50 [PHP/MW]
Total Investment Cost = (3,056,887.13 + 7,514.34*80) * 50 * 10

Total Investment Cost = PHP 475,191,516.50
depth, respectively distance to shore for Tripod Technology.
Savonius Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Floating Foundation
Php 292,501,500.00 per 3 MW

Ce = (442,483.33 + 7236*dshore) * 50 [Php/MW]
214
Floating: (5,820,907 + 7,236*dshore) * 50 [PHP/MW]
Total Investment Cost = (5,820,907 + 7,236*400) * 50 * 10

depth, respectively distance to shore for Tripod technology.
Darrieus Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Floating Foundation
Php 292,501,500.00 per 3 MW

Ce = (442,483.33 + 7236*dshore) * 50 [Php/MW]
215
Floating: (5,820,907 + 7,236*dshore) * 50 [PHP/MW]
Total Investment Cost = (5,820,907 + 7,236*400) * 50 * 10

depth, respectively distance to shore for Floating Technology.
216
Appendix B
Economical
Design 1: Option 1
9 9
10x10 -0.5748501048x10
Score = 9 ( 9 6 ) +1= 9.611812087
10x -150x10
Design 1: Option 2
9 6
10x10 -3.63793910696x10
Score = 9 ( 9 6 ) +1= 6.813050562
10x -150x10
Design 1: Option 3
9 9
10x10 -3.9780361176x10
Score = 9 ( 9 6 ) +1= 6.502302025
10x -150x10
Design 1: Option 4
9 9
10x10 -0.3653725445x10
Score = 9 ( 9 6 ) +1= 9.803212904
10x -150x10
Efficiency
Design 1: Option 1
|0.2-0.84778|
Score = 9 ( ) +1= 9.3286
0.9-0.2
Design 1: Option 2
|0.2-0.84778|
Score = 9 ( ) +1= 9.3286
0.9-0.2
Design 1: Option 3
|0.2-0.84778|
Score = 9 ( ) +1= 9.3286
0.9-0.2
Design 1: Option 4
|0.2-0.84778|
Score = 9 ( ) +1= 9.3286
0.9-0.2
Environmental
Design 1: Option 1
70-0.5
Score = 9 ( ) +1= 9.974175035868
70-0.3
Design 1: Option 2
70-0.5
Score = 9 ( ) +1= 9.974175035868
70-0.3
Design 1: Option 3
70-0.646
Score = 9 ( ) +1= 9.95532281205165
70-0.3
Design 1: Option 4
217
|0.2-0.735
Score = 9 ( ) +1= 9.94383070301291
70-0.3
Wind Trade-off Computation
Land Area
Design Option 1
70-2.66616
Score = 9( ) +1
70-1.5
Score = 9.8468
3
Rank = (10) x 9.8468
Rank = 2.9540
Design Option 2
70-2.66616
Score = 9( ) +1
70-1.5
Score = 9.8468
3
Rank = ( ) x 9.8468
10
Rank = 2.9540
Design Option 3
70-2.66616
Score = 9( 70-1.5
) +1
Score = 9.8468
3
Rank = ( ) x 9.8468
10
Rank = 2.9540
Design Option 4
70-2.53889125
Score = 9( ) +1
70-1.5
Score = 9.8635
3
Rank = (10) x 9.8635
Rank = 2.9591
Design Option 5
70-2.66616
Score = 9( 70-1.5
) +1
Score = 9.8468
3
Rank = ( ) x 9.8468
10
218
Rank = 2.9733
Design Option 6
70-2.53889125
Score = 9( 70-1.5
) +1
Score = 9.8635
3
Rank = ( ) x 9.8635
10
Rank = 2.9733
Economical (Cost)
Design Option 1
10,000,000,000-3753647328
Score = 9( ) +1
10,000,000,000-150,000,000
Score = 6.7073
5
Rank = ( ) x 6.7073
10
Rank = 3.3537
Design Option 2
10,000,000,000-3636637343
Score = 9( ) +1
10,000,000,000-150,000,000
Score = 6.8142
5
Rank = (10) x 6.8142
Rank = 3.4071
Design Option 3
10,000,000,000-552148716.5
Score = 9( 10,000,000,000-150,000,000 ) +1
Score = 9.6326
5
Rank = (10) x 9.6326
Rank = 4.8163
Design Option 4
10,000,000,000-552148716.5
Score = 9( 10,000,000,000-150,000,000 ) +1
Score = 9.6326
5
Rank = (10) x 9.6326
Rank = 4.8163
Design Option 5
219
10,000,000,000-833745350
Score = 9( ) +1
10,000,000,000-150,000,000
Score = 9.3753
5
Rank = ( ) x 9.3753
10
Rank = 4.6876
Design Option 6
10,000,000,000-833745350
Score = 9( ) +1
10,000,000,000-150,000,000
Score = 9.3753
5
Rank = ( ) x 9.3753
10
Rank = 4.6876
Efficiency
Design Option 1
87.5425-20
Score = 9( 90-20
) +1
Score = 9.6840
2
Rank = ( ) x 9.6840
10
Rank = 1.9368
Design Option 2
87.5425-20
Score = 9( ) +1
90-20
Score = 9.6840
2
Rank = (10) x 9.6840
Rank = 1.9368
Design Option 3
87.5425-20
Score = 9( 90-20
) +1
Score = 9.6840
2
Rank = ( ) x 9.6840
10
Rank = 1.9368
Design Option 4
87.5425-20
Score = 9( 90-20
) +1
Score = 9.6840
220
2
Rank = ( ) x 9.6840
10
Rank = 1.9368
Design Option 5
87.5425-20
Score = 9( 90-20
) +1
Score = 9.6840
2
Rank = ( ) x 9.6840
10
Rank = 1.9368
Design Option 6
87.5425-20
Score = 9( ) +1
90-20
Score = 9.6840
2
Rank = (10) x 9.6840
Rank = 1.9368
221
Appendix C
List of Standards
 National Electrical Code (NEC), Specific Provisions Applicable to Different Types of Transformers,
Article 450, p.677
 National Electrical Code (NEC), Nominal Voltage System, p. 516
 National Electrical Code (NEC), Maximum Voltage Regulation, Voltage Regulation and insulation, p.
37
 Philippine Electrical Code Part I (2017) Sec 4.30.2.4: General Requirements for full load branch
circuit, feeder and other conductors, p. 580
 Philippine Electrical Code (2017). Art. 2.40.1.6, (a) Standard Ampere Ratings, p.86
 IEC 62271-102(2001) High-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 102: Alternating current
disconnectors and earthing switches
 IEC 60099-8(2011) Part 8/IEEE C62.; Standard for Lightning Arrester and Ground Voltage Fault, p
8- 16
 Philippine Grid Code (2001), Section3.2.3, the system owner must ensure that the voltage variation
must be not more or less than +-5% of the nominal voltage at any point during normal operation,
p.32
 NEC (2001) Article 310, Table 310.60 (C) (67) and 310.60(C) (69) Conductor for general wiring.,
p.226
 IEC/TS 62600-200:2013 Marine Energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters – Part 200:
Electricity producing tidal energy converters – Power performance assessment. Provides the
calculation for the input and output power of the Turbine.
 Priority, Wire and Cable Inc., Utility wire and Cable, ACSR – Aluminum Conductor Steel
Reinforced, p. 4 – 5
 NEC 670.4 The size of the supply conductor shall have an ampacity not less than 125 percent of the
full load current.
 Philippine Electrical Code Article 3.10, Table 3.10.1.16 and Article 2.50, Table 2.50.6.13, Ampacity
of copper conductor
 Philippine Electrical Code Article 2.40.1.6, The ampacity of inverse time circuit breaker shall be 250
 IEC-62477-11 – Safety Requirements for Power Electronic Converter Systems and Equipment. The
circuit conductor shall be sized not less than 125% of the full load current.
 IEEE-446 – IEEE Recommended Practice for Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Industrial
and Commercial Applications. Identifies calculation for desired battery energy storage.
 The IEC 61400-12 is a standard for measurement of wind turbine power curves. This standard
describes how to correct power curves measured at one site specific air density to the standard air
density of 1.225 kg/m3.
 IEC Class III – air density 1.225 kg/m3, average annual wind is below 7.5m/s.
222
Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems,pp.5-7, 2008.
 IEEE Standard 1144-1996, (10.6.e): IEEE Recommended Practices for Sizing Nickel-Cadmium
Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
 NEC Article 310.16, Ambient Temperature Correction,Conductors for General Wiring.National
Electrical Code,p.154, 2010.
 NEC Article 690.7, Storage Batteries and Installations,.National Electrical Code,pp.605-607, 2010
Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, pp.5-7, 2008
 Philippine Electrical Code (2017). Art. 2.50 Table 2.50.6.13, Minimum Size Equipment Grounding
Conductors, p.124
 Priority, Wire and Cable Inc., Utility wire and Cable, ACSR – Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced,
Page 4 – 5
 IEEE Standard 1562 – 2007, (9.2)
223
 IEEE Std. 1562-2007
 IEEE Standard 1013-2007 Redline Version, (9.9.e)
224
225
 IEC 61400-12-1, Wind Turbines – Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity
producing wind turbines.
 IEC 61400-3:2009 - Design requirements for offshore wind turbines
 IEC 61400-12-1:2017 - Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind

turbines
226
 IEC 61400-12-2:2012 - Power performance of electricity-producing wind turbines based on
nacelle anemometry
 IEC 61400-23:2014 - Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades
227
 IEC 61400-27-1:2015 - Electrical simulation models - Wind turbines
228
 IEC 61400-1:2005+AMD1:2010 - Design requirements
229
230
 IEC 61400-2:2013-Small wind turbines
231
232
REFERENCE
[1] Census of Population (2015). "Region V (Bicol Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality
and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
[2] (Calaguas, 2018), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calaguas
[3] Arlene Burgos, ABS-CBN News, Calaguas Island seeks to avoid Boracay's mistakes, Mar 26 2018 10:20
PM
[4] (source:https://beach-weather.com/South-Eastern-Asia/Philippines/Luzon/Bicol/Camarines-
Norte/averages/Calaguas-Islands)
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Design of 10MW Generation for Calaguas Group of Island

Technological Institute of the Philippines

The client of the project is the Vinzons Municipality Government.

PROJECT DESIGN OPTIONS

Wind Power Solar Power Tidal Power

Project Design Parameters

Project Design Trade-off

Final Design Simulation

Figure 1.1 Project Development Flowchart

Table 2.1 Design Criteria And Constraints

Load Forecasting and Study

Figure 2.1 Load Forcasting

Figure 2.2 Location Map of Calaguas

Figure 2.5 Wind Strength and Direction

Figure 2.6 Wave Annual Statistics collected in the year 2012

Location of the Power Plants and Loads

Figure 2.8 Location of Wind Power Plant and the Loads

Solar Power System

Figure 2.9 Location of Solar Power Plant and the Loads

Tidal Power System

Figure 2.10 Location of Tidal Power Plant and the Loads

Figure 3.1 Design Hierarchy

Figure 3.2 North Tinaga Barangay Distribution

Priority, Wire and Cable Inc., Utility

Figure 3.3 North Tinaga Region

South Tinaga Distribution

Figure 3.4 South Tinaga Barangay Distribution from Substation

Figure 3.5 South Tinaga Barangay Distribution

Figure 3.6 South Tinaga Region

1k(I) + 1.5k(I-423) +1k(I-708) + 1k(I-1,290) + 2.08k (I -1,754) = 0

Figure 3.9 Guintinua Region

1.5k(I) + 1k(I-548) +2.5k(I-853) + 3.27k(I-1,107) = 0

Figure 3.10 Pole Mounted Distribution Transformer

Barangay 2 National Electrical Code (NEC),

Barangay 3 National Electrical Code (NEC),

Barangay 8 National Electrical Code (NEC),

Barangay 9 National Electrical Code (NEC),

Barangay 10 National Electrical Code (NEC),

Voltage Drop (Single Phase) National Electrical Code (NEC),

Table 3.1 Summary Table for Distribution

Figure 3.11 Substation Layout

Full Load For Primary Side

9992.6935 kVA PEC Part I (2009) Sec 4.30.2.4 page 580:

Fuse Rating PEC Part 1 (2009), Sec 4.50.1.3(a) & Table

Switch Gear Design

Bus Bar Sizing

Table 3.2 Substation Transformer Sizing

Figure 3 12 Different Systems of a Tidal Power Plant

Single Basin (Double Effect)

Computation for Efficiency

Option 1: Single Basin with single effect

Figure 3.13 Single Basin with Single Effect

Computation for Input Power IEC/TS 62600-200:2013 Marine

Figure 3.14 Rectifier Circuit

Maximum Battery Charging Current

Total Minimum DC Rectifier Current

Figure 3.15 Inverter Circuit

Option 2: Single Basin with Double Effect

Figure 3.16 Single Basin with Double Effect

Computation for Efficiency

Computation for Output Power

Computation for the number of wind turbines