IOT BASED AIR POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM USING
ARDUINO
K.Manohar, G.Suribabu, A.Vara prasad ,K.Soniya
GATES institute of technology,gooty,anantapur
Andhra pradhesh,India.
gsuri76692@gmail.com (corresponding author)
Abstract:
The level of air pollution has been increasing day by
day by the use of vehicles, industrialization and
urbanization which results in harmful effects on human
beings. In order to monitor in this project we Are going
to make an IOT based air pollution system in which we
will monitor the air quality over a web server using
internet and will trigger a alarm when air quality goes
down beyond a certain level when there are sufficient
amount of harmful gases are present like
CO2,benzene,NH3 and smoke. Detected harmful gases
will be displayed on LCD in ppm levels.
Keywords_: IOT, sensor, air pollution, arduino, monitoring
system
I. INTRODUCTION
Increasing of air pollution is the main growing issue now a
days.it is necessary to monitor an keep it under control in
order to save our health and environment. IOT getting
popular day by day because it has flexibility and low cost.
increasing of urbanization and vehicles use on road
atmospheric conditions have considerably effected .harmful
effects of pollution include mild allergic reactions such as
irritation of throat, eyes and nose as well as some serious
problems like heart diseases, pneumonia, lung and asthma.
monitoring gives measurement of air pollution and
concentration, which can be analyzed interpreted and
presented. This information can be applicable in many ways.
Analysis of monitoring data allows to assess how bad air
pollution is from day to day.
2. EXISTING MODEL
The commercial meters available in the market are Fluke
CO220 carbon monoxide meter for CO, Amprobe CO2
meter for CO2,The researchers in this field have proposed
various air quality monitoring systems based on WSN, GSM
and GIS. Now each technology has limited uses according
to the intended function, as Zigbee is meant for users with
Zigbee trans-receiver, Bluetooth. GIS based system is
designed, implemented and tested to monitor the pinpoints
of air pollution of any area. It consists of a microcontroller,
gas sensors, mobile unit, a temporary memory buffer and a
web server with internet connectivity which collects data
from different locations along with coordinate’ s
information at certain time of a day. The readings for
particular location are averaged in a closed time and space.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) module is attached to
a system to provide accurate representation of pollution
sources in an area. The recorded data is periodically
transferred to a computer through a General Packet Radio
Service (GPRS) connection and then the data will be
displayed on the dedicated website with user acceptance. As
a result large number of people can be benefited with the
large 2.1 WHY THIS PROJECT? We propose an air quality
monitoring system that allows us to monitor and check live
air quality in an area through IOT. System uses air sensors
to sense presence of harmful gases/compounds in the air and
constantly transmit this data. The sensors interact with
arduino uno which processes this data and transmits it over
the application. This allows authorities to monitor air
pollution in different areas and act against it.
3. AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS
The important parameters that are considered in the
proposed framework include:
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – CO2 is colourless,
odourless gas and non-combustible gas. Moreover, it is
considered under the category of asphyxiate gases that have
capability of interfering the availability of oxygen for tissues.
Carbon Dioxide is a gas essential to life in the planet,
because it is one of the most important elements evolving
photosynthesis process, which converts solar into chemical
energy. The concentration of CO2 has increased due mainly
to massive fossil fuels burning. This increase makes plants
grow rapidly. The rapid growth of undesirable plants leads to
the increase use of chemicals to eliminate them.
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) - Sulphur Dioxide is a
colourless gas, detectable by the distinct odour and taste.
Like CO2, it is mainly due to fossil fuels burning and to
industrial processes. In high concentrations may cause
respiratory problems, especially in sensitive groups, like
asthmatics. It contributes to acid rains. Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2) – Nitrogen Dioxide is a brownish gas, easily
detectable for its odour, very corrosive and highly oxidant. It
is produced as the result of fossil fuels burning. Usually NO
thrown to the atmosphere is converted in NO2 by chemical
processes. In high concentrations, NO2 may lead to
respiratory problems. Like SO2, it contributes to acid rains.
Smoke-About 1 million people are in habit of tobacco
smoking globally of which majority population is from
developing countries. Every year nearly 4.9 million people
died due to smoking according to 2007 report. In addition,
second hand smoke is serious threat to the health of people of
all age’s causes 41000 deaths each year
. Temperature and humidity
 Measurement of temperature is important for safety of 5.0V±0.1VACorDC
people and affects our life skills. Greenhouse effect can be
monitored by measuring temperature and comparing
temperature changes from historical to present time
especially since the industrial revolution using climate data.
Humidity is a type of gas that protects us from UV rays from
the sun and helps trap heat on Earth, thereby making the
climate on Earth, a pleasant one for living. But as humidity
increases, the warmth on Earth also increases which makes
our life uncomfortable. Humidity is essential for various
storage and food processing facilities.

4. AIR POLLUTION MONITORING

EQUIPMENT

The different components of the equipment along with

their intended purpose are discussed below:
 LEDS(Light Emitting Diode)
 NODEMCU
The ESP8266 is the name of the micro-controller
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light
designed by Espressif systems. The ESP-8266 itself is a
source that emits light when current flows through
self-contained Wi-Fi networking solution offering as a
it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron
bridge from existing micro controller to Wi-Fi and is also
holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is
capable of running self-contained applications.
called electroluminescence.[5] The color of the light
This module comes with a built in USB connector and a rich
(corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined
assortment of pin-outs. With a micro USB cable, you
by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of
connect NodeMCU devkit to your laptop and flash it
the semiconductor.[6] White light is obtained by using
without any trouble, just like arduino. It is also immediately
multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting
breadboard friendly.
phosphor on the semiconductor device.[7]

Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the

earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light.[8] Infrared
LEDs are used in remote-control circuits, such as those used
with a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first
visible-light LEDs were of low intensity and limited to red.
Modern LEDs are available across the visible, ultraviolet,
and infrared wavelengths, with high light output.

Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps, replacing

 MQ135
Gas Sensor The Sensitive material used in MQ135 gas
sensor is SnO2. The conductivity of this material is lower in
clean air. The sensor conductivity increases with the
increasing concentration of target pollution gas. MQ135 can
monitor different kinds of toxic gases such as sulphide,
ammonia gas, benzene series steam and CO2. The detection
range is 1010,000 ppm with the voltage rate of about
small incandescent bulbs, and in seven-segment displays.
Recent developments have produced white-light LEDs
suitable for room lighting. LEDs have led to new displays
and sensors, while their high switching rates are useful in
advanced communications technology.
LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light
sources, including lower energy consumption, longer
lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and
faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are used in
applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive
headlamps, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals,
camera flashes, lighted wallpaper and medical devices.

Unlike a laser, the color of light emitted from an LED is

neither coherent nor monochromatic, but the spectrum is
narrow with respect to human vision, and functionally
monochromatic.
  Jumper wires
A jump wire (also known as jumper wire, or jumper) is
an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a
connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without them –
simply "tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect the
components of a breadboard or other prototype or test
circuit, internally or with other equipment or components,
without soldering.[1]
5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Individual jump wires are fitted by inserting their "end
connectors" into the slots provided in a breadboard,
the header connector of a circuit board, or a piece of test
equipment.
 BREAD BOARD
A breadboard is a construction base
for prototyping of electronics. Originally it was literally a
bread board, a polished piece of wood used for slicing
bread. [1]In the 1970s the solderless breadboard became
available and nowadays the term "breadboard" is
commonly used to refer to these.
Because the solderless breadboard does not
require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use
for creating temporary prototypes and experimenting with
circuit design. For this reason, solderless breadboards are
also popular with students and in technological education.
Older breadboard types did not have this property.
A stripboard (Veroboard) and similar prototyping printed
circuit boards, which are used to build semi-permanent
soldered prototypes or one-offs, cannot easily be reused.
A variety of electronic systems may be prototyped by
using breadboards, from small analog and digital circuits
to complete central processing units
6. WORKING
The components used in this project are mainly
NODEMCU (WIFi module is in build in the nodemcu)
,MQ135 gas sensor, LEDs, jumper wires and bread
board. The NODEMCU is an open source IOT plate
form.it includes firmware which runs on ESP8266 Wi-Fi
SOC (system on chip) from Espressif system, and
hardware which is based on ESP-12 module. The term
“ NODEMCU” by default refers to the firmware rather
than the development kit.
The sensitive material used in MQ135 sensor is
sno2(stannic oxide). The conductivity of this material is
lower in clean air. the sensor conductivity increases with
the increasing concentration of target pollution gases.
MQ135 can monitor different kind of toxic gases such
as CO,CO2,NH3 and CH4. The detection range is 10
to10000 ppm with voltage rate of 5v dc.
The analog pin of MQ135 gas sensor is connected
to analog port (A0) of nodemcu , the vcc pin of the
MQ135 gas sensor is connected to the 3v of the
nodemcu board and GND of the MQ135 gas sensor is
connected to the GND of the nodemcu. Here the
connection of the sensor to the nodemcu is over. We are
using leds as notification to indicate whether the air is
polluted or not. When there are no polluted gases present
in the atmosphere green leds will glows on, when the air
is polluted with toxic gases we can see the blinking of
red led.
Advantages over using NODEMCU in projects is in
build of wifi module and low cost, high efficient,
NODEMCU act as the microcontroller for the circuit.
Coding is given to the nodemcu in such a way that it
performs according to our particular needs. Code is
debugged to nodemcu when there are no errors in the
code the compilation is completed if there are errors
occur we should rectify or reduce the errors to compile
the programme.MQ135 gas sensor gives the output in
the form of voltage levels and we need to convert it into
ppm. So for converting the output in ppm we have used
a library for MQ135 gas sensor, it is explained in detail
in code explaination.MQ135 Gas sensor takes the supply
from the nodemcu so that it sense the concentration of
different kind of gas mainly toxic gases. the gases which
are sensed by this sensor gives input to the nodemcu
board so that it can monitor different kind of gases
concentration individually and display in ppm values
through serial monitor and also smart phones by
assessing monitoring data from the cloud.in this system
we are using leds as a indicators so that we came to
know that weather air was polluted or not.
In this air pollution monitoring system are using 8 leds
because of the each gases having 2leds(green and red).
When the level of the toxic gas is in safe level the green
led will be bilks, when the toxic gas level will be in high
that is pollution will be high that time the red will be
bilks. This air monitoring system senses 4 toxic gases
that are namely carbon monoxide, carbon di oxide,
ammonia and benzene.
7. RESULT
Here the environment polluted toxic gases are
measured by using the mq 135 gas sensor to finding the
toxic gases levels in the form of ppm values.
8. Conclusion
The system to monitor the environment by using
the nodemcu. IOT technology is proposed to improve
quality of air. With the use of IOT technology enhances
the process of monitoring various aspects of environment
such as air quality monitoring issue proposed in this
paper. Here the using the mq 135 gas sensor gives the
sense of different type of toxic gases and nodemcu is the
heart of the system which control the entire process. In
this nodemcu having a inbuilt Wi-Fi module and led is
the indicating output. The air monitoring system
overcomes the problem of the highly polluted areas
which is a major issue. It supports the new technology
and effectively supports the healthy life concept. This
system has features for the people to monitor the amount
of pollution on their mobile phones using the applications
9. REFERENCES
[1] https://www.tinkercad.com/
[2] https://circuits.io/
[3] https://www.arduino.cc/
[4] https://circuitdigest.com/ microcontroller - projects /
iot -air-pollution-monitoring-using-arduino
[5] Riteeka Nayak, Malaya Ranjan Panigrahy , Vivek
Kumar Rai and T Appa Rao:IOT based air pollution
monitoring system Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017
[6] Navreetinder Kaur , Rita Mahajan and Deepak
Bagai: Air Quality Monitoring System based on Arduino
Microcontroller Vol. 5, Issue 6, June 2016
[7] Palaghat Yaswanth Sai: An IoT Based Automated Noise
and Air Pollution Monitoring System Vol. 6, Issue 3, March
2017
[8] 1 L.Ezhilarasi, 2 K.Sripriya, 3 A .Suganya , 4
K.Vinodhini .: A System for Monitoring Air and Sound
Pollution using Arduino Controller with IOT Technology
Vol. 3 Issue 2 (2017) Pages 1781 – 1785
[9] Exploring Arduino : Tools and Techniques for
Engineering Wizardry by Jeremy Blum 1st edition
[10] Ms. Sarika Deshmukh, Mr.Saurabh surendran and
Prof.M.P. Sardey:Air and Sound Pollution Monitoring
System using IoT Volume: 5 Issue: 6