비전공자를 위한 컴퓨팅사고 기반의 SW교육과정에 관한

연구

홍길순*, 이몽룡**
*대한대학교 소프트웨어학과
**민국대학교 컴퓨터교육과
e-mail : hong@empal.com, lee@gmail.com

A Development System for Comfortable Umbrella

Hakiki1, Hakim Khaula Nurul2, Nugroho Yuniarto Wimbo2, Liu Hao1

1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Keimyung University
2Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Keimyung University

요 약(Abstract)
In the Summer season often have come heat wave, and temperature will increasing to be 42 0 Celcius. In the
other hand, the heat wave can triggered heat stress in a human, with the result that an umbrella is needed that is
quite comfortable to use during the Summer season. Therefore in this project have purpose to development
comfortable umbrella for using in the Summer, this is contains electronics system and mechanical system. The
solar cell will be use for source power for charging battery, electricity from the solar cell will be increased on
the power supply regulator to get the desired voltage to charge the battery. The voltage needed for charging
battery is 8.82 V, and have charging time equal 1 hour 41.58 minutes. On the other hand, voltage from battery
wil be use for dc motor fan, led and charging mobile phone with average load power around 7.56 Watt. The
battery have capacity around 3200mAH, with the result that time performance system will works around 3
hours 13 minutes. The different of comfort parameter of airflow velocity can be felt everyone. the airflow
velocity felt adequately when there is no sweat. The airflow velocity selected between 5 m/s – 10 m/s, so that
the maximum required power is 9 watt.
Keywords:

Therefore, this paper purpose design an umbrella by

1. Introduction
One of the main problems in summer in Indonesia is
heat wind. It is a sultry weather and make people
uncomfortable when the do some activity outside.
When the heat wave comes, the temperature will
increase to 42-degree Celsius. People must use
something to protect themselves from sunlight such as
an umbrella. In addition to providing good effects,
heat wave, as renewable energy, can also be used to
generate energy by energy producer to minimize the
adverse effects of high temperature. Through solar
cells, solar energy can be converted into electrical
energy.
using a fan, to provide wind flow and reduce
temperature. The umbrella include several solar cell
and rechargeable battery to save power for usage when
sun is weak.
In this design, the fan will be placed in the edge of the
umbrella frame, and then when the umbrella to be
close, the blades of the fan will be folded. On the other
hand, a battery and electronic control system will be
placed on the handle of the umbrella.
2. Design of System
2.1 Design
The solar panel adhered to cloths of the umbrella is a
main resource in this system which produces power to
turn on a fan that installation frame of the umbrella. A
switch button is required to set up to control the fan on
or off. The fan is driven by a 5V DC motor. This is
enough to provide the airflow. Besides, the solar panel
is to charge 8.4 V battery when sunshine is available.
In order to increase the performance of this system, the
fan will be driven by power of battery when the sun
does not appear. The battery is installed in handle of
umbrella. Charge/discharge controller is used among
the solar panel, the battery, and load to regulate the
output voltage and to protect the battery from
overcharging. Overcharging a battery will cause to Figure 2. Battery level indicator circuit
explode, causing to harm the system. The figure shows
schematic of the system work.

Figure 3. Schematic of charging circuit

Figure 1. Schematics of the system

2.2 Design of Electronic Circuit
One of the most challenging tasks of this system is to
design and implement an electronic system for
charging external units such as battery in order for
the user to benefit from the power generated from
solar energy. An electronic system is needed to
control these two processes. Consequently, the
control system requires two main circuits: power
distribution circuit and battery charging control
circuit. There are some designs of an electronic
circuit for battery, including battery level indicator,
electronic circuits of charging and discharging
system. these schematics are shown in figure 2, 3 and
4.
Figure 4. Schematic of the discharging circuit
The electronic circuit, using generally available
low-cost components, is very simple, safe, and
economical. The typical target voltage of a 2S LiPo
battery is usually 8.4 V (note that target voltage is not
the same as the nominal voltage, which is 7.4 V
typical), and LiPo battery requires a special type of
charging mode that uses the CC/CV method (constant
current/constant voltage) with 1-C charge grade (1 A
for a 1,000-mAh battery). However, charging at a
lower than 1-C rate is perfectly safe and will not
damage any battery.
The design is optimized for batteries of 1,000-
mAh or higher, and the input power source can be any
linear/switch-mode power supply capable of catering
an output current of minimum 1,500 mA at 18 V.
Normally, a LiPo battery connected to this circuit will
be charged to 95% of its nominal voltage within 60
minutes and charged up to 100% of its target voltage
within two hours thereafter.
The electronic part are, in fact, a perfect blend of
one constant current source and one constant voltage
source built around the popular adjustable three-pin
voltage regulator LM317T (IC1 & IC2). Here, IC1 and
R1 set the output limit current while IC2, R2 and P1,
set the regulated voltage output. Related capacitors
(C1–C2) are used to increase circuit stability by
reducing unwanted noise. The rest of the electronic
part one a bunch of visual indicators and their Figure 5. Simulation output from charger
supporting components. LED1 (amber) is the “power-
/battery-connected” indicator; LED2 (blue) is the
“current flow” indicator, and LED3 (red) is the
optional “battery-charged” indicator. The entire circuit
can be constructed on a small PCB. Both ICs must
have heat sinks, and the TO-220 heatsinks should be
isolated from other components of the circuit. After
construction, feed 18 V to the circuit through DC_IN
jack (J1) and adjust P1 to get precisely 8.4 V (±0.02 V) Figure 6. Simulation output current from charger
at the VBAT rail.
For the solar energy, the panels are to be attached In Figure5. the simulation show the voltage output is
on umbrella using covered solar panels. The voltage 8.92V a little bit different from the above calculated
required more than 8.4V to provide power for all, so result as 8.82V. And then V-out is used to charge the
the panels were installed to fix 6 units which contain battery Lithium with capacity 3200mAH and 7.4V.
1.6 volts for each unit. Every unit will be put on each For time charging of battery it can be calculated by the
segment on the umbrella. following equation.
𝑩𝒄
3. Performance Calculation 𝑻𝒄 = ( ) ∗ 𝟔𝟎𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆……………… (2)
𝑰𝒄
Tc = Time for charging
3.1 Charge and Discharge Performance
Bc = Battery Capacity
From Figure 3 can calculation of output voltage Ic = Current from charger
for charging battery LiPo 7.4V/3200mAH, in the
previous discussion, battery charger must have a The calculation shows that the completed battery is
voltage higher more than the voltage of battery so the 101.58 minute or 1 hour 41.58 minutes. After battery
design of charger around of 8.4 V. Output voltage fully charged it can run until battery low, it can
from regulator can be calculated by Equation (1) estimate for how long battery use for running system.
The calculation equation is in below equation.
𝑅2
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 ∗ (1 + ) …………………… (1)
𝑅1
𝑷𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕 = 𝑪𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕 𝒙 𝑽𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕……………………………………(𝟑)
Vref = 1.25 V 𝑷𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕 = 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚
R1 = 330 ohm 𝑪𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕 = 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚
R2 = 2K ohm 𝑽𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕 = 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚
𝑹𝟐 The equation have result of power battery around
𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝑽𝒓𝒆𝒇 ∗ (𝟏 + )
𝑹𝟏 23.68Watt/hour. Moreover, from motor datasheet load
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 of motor systems equal 7.56 Watt with the result that
𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 ∗ (𝟏 + )
𝟑𝟑𝟎 can calculate time performance of battery was running
𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝟖. 𝟖𝟐 𝑽 motor for fan. The calculation will be shown in this
For verification this equation build simulation for this below equation.
design. In this simulation V-out has little bit different 𝑷
𝑻𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕 …………………………. (4)
between calculation value. The simulation result is 𝑷𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅
shown below in Figure 5 and 6.
𝑻𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = Time performance of Battery
𝑷𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 = Power of load (motor)
It is having result from the calculation of time Power Versus RPM
performance is equivalent 3 hour 13 minutes, it 25
means the system fan can run using power from
20

Power (watt)
battery at least 3 hour.
15
3.2 Performance of Airflow 10

The law of energy conservation states that energy can 5

not disappear and it is only converted from one form 0
to another form. For instance, the electric power 0.0 2000.0 4000.0 6000.0
transform the energy of fan become kinetic energy of
RPM
airflow. The shaft torque applies to the fan, and then
the rotation of fan generates airflow. The system fan
work will be shown in this picture below. Figure 8. Result Power to RPM
In the Figure 8 above, it shows that the change of RPM
of fan linearly determined by the power necessary.

Power versus velocity

12
Airflow Velocity (m/s)

10
8
Figure 7. Fan work systems
6
The mechanical efficiency (η) of a fan is the ratio of 4
the rate of increase of the mechanical energy of the 2
mechanical the power input. The mechanical 0
efficiency of a fan can be written as follows 0 5 10 15 20 25
𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑚̇ 𝑣 2
𝜂= = = …………….(5) Power (watt)
𝑊𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑖𝑛
Where Pin is as power input in watt. In this case, the
efficiency selected between 0.6 - 0.7. Figure 9. Result Power to airflow velocity
The mass flow (𝑚̇) is defined as airflow through fan
can be written as follows In the Figure 9 above, it shows that the choice of
𝑚̇ = 𝜌 𝑣 𝐴…………………………(6) airflow velocity fixed depend on the power capacities
Where ρ = density ( kg/m3) , v = velocity airflow (m/s) supplied. The great of airflow velocity required, so
and A = cross-section area of circle of fan (m2) that it needed the big power.

The interconection between the torque of fan (τ) in

N.m, the angular velocity and the power supplies (P)
in watt, determined as follows
𝑃 = 𝜔 𝜏 = 𝜋. 𝑛. 𝜏/30……………………(7)
The angular velocity can be written in RPM
(revolution per minute) as n

3.3 Result Performance Airflow Fan

 12
Velocity Flow versus RPM Fan
10
Airflow Velocity (m/s)

0
0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.0 5000.0 6000.0
RPM

Figure 10. Result of velocity flow to RPM fan

In the Figure 10 above, it shows that the change of the
airflow velocity to the angular velocity of fan seemed
exponentially. The big angular velocity of fan, it can
enlarge vibration and noise make uncomfortable.

4. Conclusion

The prototype that was built contains all of the

options that will be available, though different models
of the Smart Umbrella will also be available to
increase sales in different sections of this market. To
provide a portable umbrella that could be used in any
situation a solar panel array was built from individual
solar cells to provide a means to power the design. A
high-powered storage battery was also be used for this
purpose when the solar panels do not provide enough
power to run the umbrella fan. To increase the
efficiency a Maximum Power Point Tracking
synchronous switching regulator was utilized to
maintain maximum power output to the battery
charging system and the load.

Reference
[1] McFarland, E.W. (2014) ‘Solar energy: setting the
economic bar from the top-down’, Energy and
Environmental Science, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.846–854.
[2] Paul El Khoury, Yara Saadeh, Charbel Azzi,
Samer Bu Jawdeh and Ramsey F. Hamade " Eco-
Brella: prototype development of the umbrella as
harvester of solar and wind energies ", Int. J.
Sustainable Manufacturing, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2014.
[3] University, Battery. "Advantages and
disadvantages of different types of batteries",
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/whats_the_b
est_battery