Contents:

2: Design of Preliminary & Primary Treatment Units

2.1 Design of Equalization Tank (ET)

2.2 Design of Grit Chamber (GC) with Bar Racks
2.3 Design of Primary Sedimentation Tank (PST)
2.1 Design of Equalization Tank (ET):

Given Data:
Average wastewater flow rate =90 MLD = 90000m3/d =1.04167 m3/s

Design Data:
Table showing the variations in wastewater flow with time of day.

Cumulative
Time Avg. inflow, Inflow Cum. Inflow Cumulative storage
outflow (CIV-COV)
Volume
Interval MLD volume, ML ML
𝒂𝒗𝒈 𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 ML ML
[ )
𝟐𝟒

12 - 1 am 50 2.08 2.08 3.75 -1.67

1- 2 am 40 1.67 3.75 7.5 -3.75
2-3 am 40 1.67 5.42 11.25 -5.83
3-4 am 40 1.67 7.09 15 -7.91
4-5 am 70 2.92 10.01 18.75 -8.74
5 -6 am 80 3.33 13.34 22.5 -9.16
6-7 am 120 5 18.34 26.25 -7.91
7-8 am 200 8.33 26.67 30 -3.33
8-9 am 190 7.92 34.59 33.75 0.84
9-10 am 190 7.92 42.51 37.5 5.01
10-11 am 110 4.58 47.09 41.25 5.84
11-12 am 80 3.33 50.42 45 5.42
12-1 pm 80 3.33 53.75 48.75 5.0
1-2 pm 65 2.71 56.46 52.5 3.96
2-3 pm 65 2.71 59.17 56.25 2.92
3-4 pm 80 3.33 62.5 60 2.5
4-5 pm 100 4.16 66.66 63.75 2.91
5-6 pm 100 4.16 70.82 67.5 3.33
6-7 pm 110 4.58 75.4 71.25 4.15
7-8 pm 95 3.96 79.36 75 4.36
8-9 pm 95 3.96 83.32 78.75 4.57
9-10 pm 70 2.92 86.24 82.5 3.74
10-11 pm 50 2.08 88.32 86.25 2.070
11-12 pm 40 1.67 90 90 0

Calculations:

Required volume of the equalization tank (from Mass Flow Curve)

V=Net(deficit+surplus)=(9.16+5.84)ML=15000m3
Flow rate to the equalization tank (given)= 90MLD =90000 m3/d = 1.04167m^3/s
Assuming depth of the tank, d=6m
15000
Area required by the tank, A=V/d= = 2500𝑚2
6

2500
Providing 4 no. of equalization tanks and area of each tank = = 625 m2
4

4×625
Diameter of the tank, D=√ = 28.20𝑚
𝜋

Total head, H= (6-0.5)=5.5m

𝜌𝑄ℎ 1000×1.04167×5.5
Pumping requirement, HP = = =76.39HP
75 75
Justification- As sewage contains very less amount of solids and rest is water
So its density can be taken equal to that of water.

Provide 4 pumps of 20 HP and 2 standby pumps of 20

HP.

Item No. Parameter Value Remark

1. 15000m3 Mass Flow Curve

Volume

2. Depth 6m Assumed

3. Diameter 28.20m

4. Base level -
 5. Water level -

Design Specification
2.2 Design of Grit Chamber (GC) with Bar Racks:

Design Data:

Remark
Items Value

Average wastewater flow 90MLD =90000 m3/d =

1.04167m3/s Given
Rate

0.10 x 10-3 to
0.20 x 10-3 m
Particle Size [Clause: 5.6.2.7.1.1,
0. 15 × 10−3m
(d) Manual on Sewerage &
Sewage Treatment,
CPHEEO, 2013]
2.4 – 2.65
Specific gravity of particle [Clause: 5.6.2.7.1.1,
(SS) 2.64 Manual on Sewerage &
Sewage Treatment,
CPHEEO, 2013]

Settling velocity .01578m/s Calculated

Calculated;
Should not exceed 60 s
[Clause: 5.6.2.7.1.3,
Retention time 53S
Manual on Sewerage &
Sewage Treatment,
CPHEEO, 2013]

Ground level -
 Calculations:
1. Computation of settling velocity:
In winter generally the temperature goes upto 10℃ so at that time flow is not laminar,it is in transient
condition.so the formula for settling velocity for this condition is given by;
𝑉𝑠 = [0.707(𝐺𝑠 − 1) × 𝑑1.6 × 𝜗 −.6 ].714 𝑚/𝑠 = [0.707(2.64 − 1) × (. 15 × 10−3 )1.6 × (1.3065 × 10−6 )−.6 ].71
= .01578𝑚/𝑠

2.Computation of surface overflow rate, SOR:

The surface overflow rate for 100% removal efficiency in an ideal grit chamber = Settling

velocity of the minimum size of particle to be removed =.01578 m/s =1363.4 m3/m2/d

However, due to turbulence and short circuiting due to several factors as eddy, wind and
density currents, the actual value to be adopted has to be reduced taking into account the
performance of the basin and the desired efficiency of the particles removal. To determine the actual
overflow rate, the following formula may be used –

ƞ = 1 − [1 + (𝑛 × 𝑉𝑠)/((𝑄/𝐴) )]^((−1)/𝑛)

Assumed= efficiency of removal of desired particles = 75% n = measure of settling basin performance
1
= for very good performancee
8

A=99.91= 100𝑚2

2. Determination of the dimensions of grit chamber:

Plan area of grit chamber[Q /(Q / A)]= 100m2

Provide 3 channels of 3.5 m wide and 10.5 m long and one additional channel as a stand-by.
4. Check for scouring velocity (VC) and determination of the depth (d) of grit chamber
𝑉𝐶 = 𝐾𝐶 [(𝐺𝑆 − 1)𝑔𝑑]0.5 = 4[(2.64 − 1) × 9.81 × 0.15 × 10−3 ]0.5=0.1965m/s

Horizontal flow velocity 𝑉ℎ < 𝑉𝐶

𝑄
< 𝑉𝐶
𝑊×𝑑

1.04167
< 0.1965
4.1×1.5
0.1693<0.1965
Assuming d=1.5m

1.5×3.5×10.5
5. Estimate hydraulic retention time (HRT)=V/Q= = 53𝑠
1.04167

Provide 3 channels of grit chamber, each 10.5 m × 3.5 m × 1.5 m and one additional channel
as a stand-by.
Total depth D= 1.5+0.25(free board)+0.25(grit storage space)=2m

6. Design of Proportional Flow Weir (Velocity Control Device):

Flow (Q) through a proportional weir is given by –

𝑎
Q=Cb√(2𝑎𝑔) × [(𝐻 − )]
3
Where, C = a coefficient of weir = 0.61 for symmetrical sharp-
edged weir; a = dimension of weir (m) usually between 25 – 50
mm (40 mm adopted); h = depth of flow (m); b = base width of
weir (m)
1.04167 0.04
= 0.61 × 3.5 × √(2× 0.04 × 9.81) × [ℎ − ( )]
3 3
ℎ = 0.19691𝑚
To determine the coordinates [X(m), Y(m)] of the curve forming
the edge of the weir, the following equation can be used:
𝑏 2 𝑌
𝑋 = [1 − tan−1 √( − 1)]
2 𝜋 𝑎
 Y X
a=0.04 1.75
10a=0.4 0.36
20a=0.8 0.251
30a=1.2 0.204
40a=1.6 0.177
49a=1.96 0.16

Proportional flow wier profile

2.5

1.5
Y
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.96
Y

0.5

0
-2 -1 0 1 2
X
Design of bar racks:

Width of each chamber =3.5 m

Let the bar screens (coarse) be of 30 mm × 10 mm with 50 mm openings and let numbers of
bars required = N

Therefore,

B=[(N× 𝑤) + (𝑁 + 1) × 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔]

3.5 = [(𝑁 × 0.01) + (𝑁 + 1) × 0.05]

N=58

Similarly, for bar screen (medium) (30 mm openings) and bar screen (fine) (15 mm openings),
the numbers of bars required are 87 and 140, respectively.
Design Specifications:

Item No. Parameter Value Remark

Collection chamber

Number 1

Retention time 30s Usually 30 s

1. Capacity 31.25m3 Q*t

Length 10.20m

Width 2.04m
Base Level m
Water Depth 1.5m Same as in GC
Water Level m
Free Board 0.5 m

Transition zone

Length 0.73m

2. Width (initial) 2.04m

Width (final) 3.5m

Water depth 1.5m Same as in GC

Item No. Parameter Result Remark

Grit Chamber

One additional unit for

Number 3
stand-by

Capacity 165.375m3

3.
Area required 100m2
Excluding free board &
Water depth 1.5m
grit storage space

Length 10.5m Individual unit

Width 3.5m Individual unit

Free board + grit storage

0.5 m
Space

4. Base level -

5. Water level -

6. Bar Screen (Coarse)

Bar specifications 30mm ×10 mm
Number 58
Opening 50 mm
7. Bar Screen (Medium)
Bar specifications 30mm ×10 mm Same as Bar Screen
(Coarse)
Number 87
Opening 30 mm
8. Bar Screen (Fine)
Bar specifications 30mm ×10 mm Same as Bar Screen
(Coarse)
Number 140
Opening 15 mm
 2.3 Design of Primary Sedimentation Tank (PST):

Given Data:
Average wastewater flow rate =90MLD=90000𝑚3 /𝑑=1.04167𝑚3 /𝑠

Assumed Data:

Remark
Parameter Adopted Value

35 – 50 m3/m2/d
[ Table 5.8, Manual

on Sewerage &
3 2
Surface loading rate 40𝑚 /𝑚 /𝑑
Sewage Treatment,
CPHEEO, 2013]
2 – 2.5 h
Hydraulic retention Range: 1.65 – 4.0 h
time [Clause 5.7.4.2.4,
2h Manual on Sewerage
& Sewage
Treatment,
CPHEEO, 2013]
Raw Sewage
TSS Characteristics
concentration [Table 5.1, Manual
590mg/l
on Sewerage &
Sewage Treatment,
CPHEEO, 2013]
Weir loading should
not be greater than
125 m3/d/m
Weir loading 125 m3/d/m [Table 5.8, Manual
on Sewerage &
Sewage Treatment,
CPHEEO, 2013]
 Assuming 60%
Underflow solid removal of VSS in
concentration 530× 0.6 = 318mg/l PST
[Clause 5.7.5,
Manual on Sewerage
& Sewage
Treatment,
CPHEEO, 2013]

Ground level 414 m

8.0136𝑚3 Assuming 2%
Sludge volume Consistency
[Clause 5.7.4.2.6.1,

8 Manual on Sewerage
& Sewage
Treatment,
CPHEEO, 2013]

Calculations:

Flow Rate =90

𝑚3
Inflow discharge (Q)=90MLD=90000 𝑑 = 1.04167𝑚3 /𝑠

Let the overflow rate=40 m3 /m2/d

Let the detention period (t) of tank=2h

Q/A = 40m3 /m2/d

A =2250, 𝑚2

90000
Volume of the tank, V = t × Q =2× = 7500𝑚3
24
 Depth of the tank H = V/A =3.33 m
Provide 0.25 m freeboard & 0.25 m sludge zone
Overall depth of tank=3.33+0.5=3.83m
Provide overall depth of tank=4m
Provide 3 units

Area of each tank=2250/3=750𝑚2

4𝐴
Diameter of each tank d=√ 𝜋
Hence d=31m

𝑄 308.04𝑚3
Weir loading=𝜋𝑑 = /𝑚
𝑑

Weir loading should not be greater than 125 m3/d/m. but it is so, provide effluent launder
with weir on both sides of the launder.

Influent/Inlet Arrangement:
Circular baffle diameter=3.1m
(Range: 10 – 20 % of tank diameter; Clause 5.7.4.2.7, Manual
on Sewerage & Sewage Treatment, CPHEEO, 2013)

Circular baffle depth =1 m below water surface

(Range: 1 – 2 m; Clause 5.7.4.2.7, Manual on Sewerage &
Sewage Treatment, CPHEEO, 2013)

Outlet Arrangement:
1. Effluent weir

Length (L) of effluent weir plate on each side of launder = π(d – 1)=94.25m
Provide 90° 𝑉 notches@20cm c/c
Total number of notches=L/0.2=472
 30×1000
Average discharge per notch (qʹ) at average design flow = =63.56𝑚3 /𝑑 m3/s
472

5
8 𝜃
The discharge through a V-notch,𝑞 = 15 × 𝐶𝑑 × √2𝑔 × tan 2 × 𝐻 2

For peak flow per notch, q = 2.25qʹ m3/s = For Cd = m3/s

0.584, θ = 900
Head over V-notch at peak flow = H = m
Provide safe allowance of 2.5 – 3.0 cm in addition to head over V-notch at peak
flow.
Therefore, Provide [numbers] of 900 V-notches [total head] cm deep at 20 cm c/c
distance.

2. Effluent Launder

Let width of launder (b) = 0.6 m

Critical depth at the end of effluent launders
1
23
Q
Y2
b2 g
= m
Depth of water at upper end of channel

Y Y2 2Q 2 Q Q / 2; Half of the flow divides

1 2 2

g b Y2 on each side of the launder

= m

Hence, provide effluent launder of depth with safe allowance = m

Design specifications:

Item
Parameter Result Remark
No.

1. No. of Units 5

Capacity

Internal diameter (d) m

2. Depth + Free board +

m
sludge zone

Base level m
Water level m

Influent Zone
Influent pipe
0.4 m
diameter
3.
Circular baffle 10 – 20% of
m
diameter diameter

Circular baffle depth m 1–2m

Effluent Channel

Width 0.6 m

4. Depth 0.3 m
Diameter at inner
25.5m
periphery
Diameter at outer
27.5m
periphery
Design Specifications:

Item
Parameter Result Remark
No.

Hopper Bottom

7.5 – 10.0% from

periphery to
centre [Clause
Slope 4.50 5.7.4.2.9, Manual
on Sewerage &
4. Sewage
Treatment,
CPHEEO, 2013]

Diameter of sludge
withdrawal pipe 0.4 m

Depth 1.0 m

Base level 413 m