CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction

Knowing that second-hand smoking is worse than being the smoker itself, knowing and

detecting if and when a person is smoking or vaping in places where other people might be

affected unknowingly and unwillingly. This chapter contains the Required Technologies, which

contains the necessary technologies to achieve the outcome; and Related Studies, where I

draw inspiration for a more effective output.

Required Technologies

Smoke Detector

Gas/Smoke Detector (MQ2)

The MQ2 is a Semiconductor type Gas Sensor that can also be called a

Chemiresistor because the detection is based on the change of resistance of the sensing

material when the Gas comes in contact with it. The MQ2 can detect LPG, Smoke,

Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen, Methane, and Carbon Monoxide ranging between 200 to

10000ppm (Source: https://lastminuteengineers.com/mq2-gas-senser-arduino-tutorial/)

Figure 1. MQ2 Gas/Smoke Detector

Humidity Detector

DHT11

The DHT11 is cheap digital temperature and humidity sensor. The DHT11 uses a

capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the air and sends out digital

signals to the Microcontroller, however it changes data once every two seconds.

(Source: https://learn.adafruit.com/dht/overview)

Figure 2. DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

Microcontroller

Arduino Nano

The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on

the ATmega328P (Arduino Nano 3.x). It has more or less the same functionality of the

Arduino Duemilanove, but in a different package. It lacks only a DC power jack, and

works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one.

(Source: https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-nano)

Figure 3. Arduino Nano

Programming Language

Arduino Software (IDE)

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) -

contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with

buttons for common functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino and

Genuino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.

(Source: https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/windows)

RELATED STUDIES

Combination flashlight, smoke detector and emergency alarm

This device is a combination of a flashlight and a smoke detector. The smoke detector is

stored within the same container as the bulb of the flashlight. The alarm and the flashlight would

turn on when the device detects smoke. However, there is also a switch for when the user

would want to turn on the flashlight even if smoke is not present.

(Source:

https://patents.google.com/patent/US5731759A/en?q=smoke+detector&oq=smoke+detector)

Temperature sensing wireless smoke detector

This device compromises of a photoelectric smoke detector for particles in the air, and a

thermistor that monitors the temperature. The device would monitor whether there are sudden

changes in temperature of the environment with the range extremely cold to extremely hot.

(Source:

https://patents.google.com/patent/US6084522A/en?q=smoke+detector&oq=smoke+detector&pa

ge=1)
Flame and Smoke detector
The Flame and Smoke detector uses Statistical analysis of nearby infrared radiation on

it. The device continuously monitors the spectral radiation at two near-infrared wavelengths. The

detector can indicate the presence of fire in an adjoining room from radiation. This is also

another way of detecting flames while the smoke detector checks the particles in the air.

(Source:

https://patents.google.com/patent/US6111511A/en?q=smoke+detector&oq=smoke+detector&pa

ge=2)

Humidity Detector

The Humidity Detector consists of sensing elements made up of heating resistance wire

coils and a humidity sensing portion made up of a metal Oxides sintered to the coil with the

opposite ends of the coil exposed, and a heating circuit to increase the temperature of the

humidity sensing part.

(Source:

https://patents.google.com/patent/US4723439A/en?q=humidity&q=detector&oq=humidity+detec

tor)

Humidity Sensor Alarm Unit

The Humidity sensor activates an alarm when the relative humidity rises above a certain

level or when certain malfunctions arise like when one of its circuits are missing or cut. The first

circuit is for establishing a reference signal, the second is connected to the humidity sensor and

for creating the limits for humidity level. The third circuit compares the current level, and the limit

and would alarm when the current level is more than the set limit.
(Source:

https://patents.google.com/patent/US4092635A/en?q=humidity&q=detector&oq=humidity+detec

tor&page=1)

SYNTHESIS

Table 1. Comparison of Smoke and Vape detector to known smoke detectors and humidity

detectors

STUDY Features

Detects Detects Includes an Includes Mountable

Smoke Humidity Alarm Temperature

Sensor

Combination ✔ ✖ ✔ ✖ ✖
flashlight,
smoke
detector and
emergency
alarm
Temperature ✔ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔
Sensing
wireless
smoke
Detector
Flame and ✔ ✖ ✔ ✖ ✔
Smoke
Detector
Humidity ✖ ✔ ✖ ✖ ✔
Detector
Humidity ✖ ✔ ✔ ✖ ✔
Sensor Alarm
Unit
Smoke and ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Vape
Detector