\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}

\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{framed, color}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{pstricks}
\usepackage{longtable,multirow,booktabs}
\usepackage{caption}

\begin{document}
\begin{center}

%-------------------------------
\section{EJERCICIOS DEL TALLER }
\textbf{RESOLVER}
\begin{equation*}
y^{''}+y=Sec(x)
\end{equation*}
Hallaremos la solución general de la ecuación diferencial homogenea,para
esto se tiene:
\begin{equation*}
m^{2}+1=0
\end{equation*}
Obteniendo las raices:
Fórmula para obtener las raices :
\begin{equation*}
b=0,a=1,c=1\\

\\ x=\dfrac{-b\dfrac{+}{-} \sqrt{b^{2}-4*a*c}}{2*a}
\end{equation*}
\\ Reemplazando en la ecuación, tenemos:
\begin{equation*}
x= \dfrac{0 \dfrac{+}{-}\sqrt{0^{2}-4*1*1}}{2*1}\\
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
x_{1}=i;x_{2}=-i
\end{equation*}
Obtenemos:
\begin{equation*}
y=y_{g}+y_p
\end{equation*}
Entonces :
\begin{equation*}
y_g=C1 e^{0x}Cos(x)+C2 e^{0x}Sen(x)
\end{equation*}
La solución particular de la ecuación diferencial es :$y_p=u_1
cos(x)+u2+_2 sen(x) $ donde \\ $u_1,u_2$ son funciones incógnitas , que
cumple la condición siguiente:
\begin{equation*}
\left \{ \begin{matrix} u_1^{'}cos(x)+u_2^{'}sen(x)=0
\\ -u_1^{'}sen(x)+u_2^{'}cos(x)=Sec(x)\end{matrix}\right. \cdots(\alpha)
\end{equation*}
Resolviendo el sistema $(\alpha)$ se tiene:
\begin{equation*}
u_{1}^{'} = \frac{\left| \begin{array}{cc}

0& sen(x)\\

sec (x)& cos(x)

\end{array}\right|}{\left| \begin{array}{cc}

cos(x)& sen(x)\\

-sen(x)&cos(x)

\end{array}\right|}=\dfrac{-sen(x)*sec(x)}{cos(x)^{2}+sen(x)^{2}}

\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
u_1=\displaystyle\int_{} \dfrac{-sen(x)*sec(x)}{cos(x)^{2}+sen(x)^{2}}dx
\rightarrow {cos(x)^{2}+sen(x)^{2}}=1
\end{equation*}
\\Integrando para obtener $u_1$
\begin{equation*}
u_1=\displaystyle\int_{} \dfrac{-sen(x)*sec(x)}{1} dx
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
u_1=-\displaystyle\int_{}(\dfrac{sen(x)}{cos(x)}) dx
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
u_1=-\displaystyle\int_{}(tng(x)) dx
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
u_1=-(-ln(cos(x)))
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
\therefore u_1=ln(cos(x))
\end{equation*}
Obtener $u_2$:
\begin{equation*}
u_{1}^{'} = \frac{\left| \begin{array}{cc}

cos(x)& 0\\

-sen(x) (x)& sec(x)

\end{array}\right|}{\left| \begin{array}{cc}

cos(x)& sen(x)\\

-sen(x)&cos(x)

\end{array}\right|}=\dfrac{cos(x)*sec(x)}{cos(x)^{2}+sen(x)^{2}}
\end{equation*}

\\ Integrando para obtener $u_2$

\begin{equation*}
u_2=\displaystyle\int_{} \dfrac{cos(x)*sec(x)}{1} dx
\end{equation*}
pero\\ $ sec(x)=\dfrac{1}{cos(x)}$
\begin{equation*}
u_2=-\displaystyle\int_{} (\dfrac{cos(x)}{cos(x)}) dx
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
u_2=-\displaystyle\int_{}(1) dx
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
\therefore u_2=x
\end{equation*}
Reemplzando $u_1$ y $u_2$ en $y_p$ tenemos:
\begin{equation*}
y_p=(ln(cos(x)))*cos(x)+x*sen(x)
\end{equation*}
y la solución general de la ecuación diferencial es:

\begin{tcolorbox}
\begin{equation*}
y=C1cos(x)+C2sen(x)+(ln(cos(x)))*cos(x)+sen(x)
\end{equation*}
\end{tcolorbox}

\end{document}