HSC Biology 9.4.

3 07-13

2007

8 Which observations can be used to demonstrate Koch’s contribution to understanding the

cause of disease?

(A) Polio vaccinations trigger an immune response.

(B) Some mosquitoes carry a pathogen that is often fatal to people.

(C) A lack of vitamin C is found in all people suffering the nutritional disease scurvy.

(D) The bacteria, Heliobacter pylori, is present in the stomach of all people diagnosed with
stomach ulcers.

15 How have Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri contributed to the understanding of inheritance?

(A) By determining the structure of DNA

(B) By improving knowledge of sex linkage

(C) By demonstrating the effect of environment on phenotype

(D) By identifying the importance of chromosomes in inheritance

Question 19 (6 marks)

(a) Name ONE example of a disease caused by a macro-parasite.

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(b) List TWO features of prions that distinguish them from protozoans.

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Question 21 (6 marks)

Picture awaiting copyright

(a) Which disease in the table is the most dangerous? Give TWO reasons for your

answer.

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2008

2 Which of the following pathogen types cause diseases that can be treated with
antibiotics?

(A) Bacteria

(B) Macro-parasites

(C) Prions

(D) Viruses

12 After an infection was treated with a new drug, inflammation decreased. In a few
patients, inflammation returned after one week. In these patients, the pathogens causing the
infection were shown to be resistant to the drug.

What conclusion can be drawn from these observations?

(A) These patients developed resistance to the drug.

(B) The decrease in inflammation allowed the pathogens to become resistant to the drug.

(C) The white blood cells were not functioning properly and therefore the inflammation
returned.

(D) A few pathogens resistant to the drugs were present at the start of treatment and natural
selection increased their numbers.

2009

2 Which scientist’s work contributed to our understanding of the causes of infectious

diseases?

(A) Frank Macfarlane Burnet

(B) Louis Pasteur

(C) James Watson

(D) Maurice Wilkins

Question 16 (3 marks)

Complete the following table.

Question 25 (4 marks)

A fisherman pricked his finger on a fish hook. Soon after he noticed that the injured

finger was red and swollen. Some time later he felt a throbbing sensation in his arm.

His doctor prescribed a course of antibiotics.

(b) Identify the role of the antibiotics in the management of this injury.

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2010

7 Koch contributed to an understanding of disease by developing

(A) a method to link a particular pathogen to the cause of a disease.

(B) an experiment that disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.

(C) a method of killing microbes by heating and thus preventing decay.

(D) an immunisation program based on a knowledge of immune responses.

17 What feature of prions distinguishes them from all other types of pathogens?
(A) Prions are not cells.

(B) Prions do not contain DNA.

(C) Prions do not contain nucleic acids.

(D) Prions cannot reproduce outside a host cell.

18 A model of a virus is shown.

What is the approximate diameter of this virus?

(A) 13 cm

(B) 13 nm

(C) 130 µm

(D) 0.130 µm

19 Which of the following observations helped develop a model for the transmission of malaria?

(A) Immunisation against the pathogen prevented transmission of malaria.

(B) Use of antibiotics decreased the incidence of malaria in the community.

(C) After transmission, B cells in the infected individual produced antibodies against malaria.
(D) After swamps were drained there was a major decline in the numbers of individuals catching
malaria.

Question 22 (6 marks)

The following data were recorded about the effectiveness of antimalarial drugs for treating
malaria.

(a) Graph the data on the grid.

Question 22 (continued)

(b) Use these data to explain the impact of human processes on biodiversity.

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2011

9 Which list shows pathogens in order of increasing size?

(A) Bacterium, prion, virus, protozoan, macroparasite

(B) Macroparasite, prion, protozoan, bacterium, virus

(C) Prion, virus, bacterium, protozoan, macroparasite

(D) Virus, prion, bacterium, macroparasite, protozoan

19 Why are antibiotics ineffective in treating malaria?

(A) Malaria is not caused by bacteria.

(B) Malaria is not an infectious disease.

(C) Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes.

(D) Malaria is associated with wet environments.

Question 31 (7 marks)

Fungi are a natural source of antibiotics. A scientist developed a new antibiotic by exposing a
fungus to radiation.

Information relevant to this antibiotic:

• It stops the activity of an enzyme in pathogenic bacteria.

• It has no effect on a similar enzyme in humans.

• The chemical composition of the enzyme in humans differs from the enzyme in the
pathogenic bacteria by two amino acids.

• It is used to treat humans infected with the pathogenic bacteria. Using this example and
other relevant knowledge, describe how advances in our understanding of biology have
implications for society.

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2012

4 The diagram shows a pathogen called Giardia.

What type of pathogen is Giardia?

(A) Bacterium

(B) Prion

(C) Protozoan

(D) Virus

7 Why is it important to continue research into new antibiotics?

(A) New prion diseases have been recently discovered.

(B) Resistant bacteria have evolved from the overuse of antibiotics.

(C) Viral infections require a broad range of antibiotics for eradication.

(D) New diseases are discovered regularly and all require new antibiotics.

Question 30 (8 marks)

Explain how the contributions of Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and MacFarlane Burnet have
increased our understanding of the nature and prevention of infectious disease.

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2013

Question 24 (7 marks)

(a) Draw a flowchart showing the steps you could take to model Pasteur’s
experiment to identify the role of microbes in decay.
(b) Explain the importance of using controls in microbial experiments.

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