Miss. Shabnum Khan

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Quantitative research technique
BBHM-F15-033 Talha Riaz
BBHM-F15-027 Palvasha kamal
BBHM-F15-024 Babar Ali
BBHM-F15-042 M. Ramzan
BBHM-F15-034 Arslan Khizar
Course instructor Miss. Shabnum

khan
Superior university Lahore
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Contents
Purpose of the project ................................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Problem statement......................................................................................................................................... 5
“Student’s perception regarding studying abroad and their readiness” .................................................... 5
Variables names and definition ..................................................................................................................... 5
Perception ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Readiness .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Research question ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Research hypothesis ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Alternative hypothesis .............................................................................................................................. 6
Null hypothesis ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Research methodology .................................................................................................................................. 6
Sampling ................................................................................................................................................... 6
Variables Types and Relevant Tests/Tables: ................................................................................................ 6
Categorical Variables: ............................................................................................................................... 6
Scale Variables.......................................................................................................................................... 6
RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Frequency table ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Gender...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Age ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
Total .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
300 ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
100% ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Qualification ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Total .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
300 ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
100% ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Previously traveled abroad .................................................................................................................... 7
Total .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
300 ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
100% ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Interest of studying abroad .................................................................................................................... 7

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Total .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
300 ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
100% ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Interpretation ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Descriptive statistics ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Interpretation:............................................................................................................................................ 8
FACTORS OF KMO AND BARTELET ..................................................................................................... 9
Chi square test ............................................................................................................................................... 9
To check the relationship between gender and interest of studying abroad .......................................... 9
Interpretation ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Interpretation ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Kendall's tau-b ........................................................................................................................................ 10
To check the relation between Age education level............................................................................ 10
Interpretation ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Correlation .................................................................................................................................................. 11
To check the relation between reason and participating in abroad study programs ............................ 11
Interpretation ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Regression ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Simple regression .................................................................................................................................... 12
To check the relationship between interest and reason of studying abroad ........................................ 12
Interpretation ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Interpretation ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Regression equation ................................................................................................................................ 13
Multiple regression ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Interpretation ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Regression equation ................................................................................................................................ 14
T-TEST ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
To compare the difference between participation of study abroad programs and gender of
respondents ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Interpretation ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Appendix A ................................................................................................................................................. 15
Appendix B ................................................................................................................................................. 35

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Abroad Study Programs and Participation .................................................................................................. 37

Extracurricular activities ............................................................................................................................. 37

5
Purpose of the project

The overall aim of this study is to investigate the perceptions of students in relation to study abroad
programs and how much they are ready to participate in study abroad programs. And other factors like
(a) Basic level of awareness of available programs;
(b) Perceived value of those programs; and
(c) Obstacles inhibiting participation as relating to an experience abroad.
Introduction
Study abroad programs constitute all educational programs that occur in a foreign country outside of the
geographical boundaries of the country of origin, offering students the opportunity to earn academic
credit through international experiences
Studying abroad is popular and many students leave their actual institute of higher education (HE) for an
international experience. The benefits of such experience often focus on later employability and the need
for international experienced employees. While student interest reflects the importance of such programs,
it is surprising that overall participation rates only few students choosing to study abroad during their
undergraduate years. Now a day’s educational institute is providing more opportunities to students for
studying abroad by split degree programs but still students are reluctant to participate in such programs
Problem statement
“Student’s perception regarding studying abroad and their readiness”
Every individual has its own perception based on the personal behavior and the way of their thinking. On
the basis of the perception individual makes decision. So perception of studying abroad has been
treated as independent and readiness as a dependent variable.
Variables names and definition

Perception
The way in which something is regarded, understood, or interpreted.
Readiness
The state of being fully prepared for something or willingness to do something.
Research question
What is the relation between perception of studying abroad and readiness?

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Research hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis
There is a relation between perception of studying abroad and readiness.
Null hypothesis
There is no relation between perception of studying abroad and readiness.
Research methodology
Sampling
For the collection of data survey was conducted among the students of management sciences at
University of Lahore and superior university Lahore. Students were asked to express their level of
agreement with a series of statements on a four point scale anchored by strongly agree (1) to strongly
disagree (4). Age bracket of mainly 18-28 was targeted in order to be able to cater to a variety of
demographics to aid the research paper. Students of different program like MBA, B.com Horn and BBA
students were included in the research process so as to get a wider scope of information while conducting
the research. The research was not restricted to just specific program but aimed at collecting information
from other program related students as well. After the collection of data from the targeted group, data
analysis is done by using SPSS software.
Variables Types and Relevant Tests/Tables:

Categorical Variables:
 Age
 Gender
 Qualification
 Traveled abroad
 Interest
These all are categorical variables
Scale Variables:
And others factors that are scale variables on those variables, firstly apply Compute Variable
Then Five Figure Summary, Box Plot, Reliability test, Correlation, Regression, are applied

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RESULTS
Frequency table
Characteristics Items Frequency %
Male 180 60%
Gender Female 120 40%
Total 300 100%
18-21 134 44.7%
22-25 147 49.0%
25-28 12 4.0%
Age Above 28 7 2.3%
Total 300 100%

MPhil 1 0.3%
Qualification Graduation 88 29.3%
Under graduation 206 68.7%
Others 5 1.7%
Total 300 100%

For fun 93 31.0%
Previously For academic program 26 8.7%
traveled abroad Family work 23 7.7%
No 149 49.3%
Missing 10 3.3%
Total 300 100%

Definitely yes 110 36.7%
Interest of Probably yes 115 39.3%
studying abroad Probably no 38 12.7%
Definitely no 37 12.3%
Total 300 100%
Interpretation
The above table shows that out of 300 respondents, 180 (60%) are males students and 120 (40%) are
females students,
Out of the 300 respondents, 134 (44.7%) students are below the age of 21 years and 147 (49.0%) students
are within the age of 22–25 years old. And only 7 students (2.3%) are above the above 28 years old.
While Out of 300 respondents, 88 (29.3%) students are holding a graduation degree 206(68.7%) are
undergraduate while 5(1.7%) have other qualification

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Out of 300 respondents, 31.0% traveled abroad for fun 8.7% for academic programs 7.7% traveled for
family work while 49.3% have not traveled abroad for any reason.
Out of 300 respondents, 36.7% students are very much ready to study in abroad while 39.3%have a little
bit hesitation on the other hand 12.7% may not want to study abroad while 12.3% clearly not wanted to
go.
Descriptive statistics
Items No of Mini Max. Mean St, varian Rang

Respon .Val Value deviatio ce e
dent ue n
1. Reason for 300 1 4 2.13111 .609133 .371 3.00
studying 1
2. Participatio 300 1 4 2.36430 .457774 .210 3.00
n 0
3. Disengagin 300 1 4 2.62500 .773303 .598 3.00
g factors 0
4. Extracurricu 300 1 4 2.53142 .621245 .386 3.00
lar activities 9
Interpretation:
The survey conducted from 300 students of private sector universities. The response of variables varies
from 1 to 4 on a four-point Liker scale. The mean value of variable 1 is 2.131111 and has standard
deviation .609133 and range of the response is 3.00
While variable two shows the mean value of 2.36430 and have standard deviation of .457774 and
variance and range have the values of .210 and 3.00 values respectively.
The third variable (disengaging factors) has mean value of 2.625000 and shows standard deviation
.773303 and has range of 3.00
On the other hand mean value of extracurricular activities is 2.53142 and shows the standard deviation of
.621245 and the value of the range is 3.00 (as shown in above table)

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FACTORS OF KMO AND BARTELET
Interpretation:
The results suggest that the value of KMO for all construct is well above the recommended
Constructs No. of KMO Bartlett’s Significant

Items Measure Test Value
Reason of 9 .672 245.838 000
studying
Participation 7 .549 191.427 000
Disengaging 8 .866 5136.97 000
factors
Extracurricular 7 .796 4739.68 000
activities
acceptable level of 0.4 the values are .672 good for Students reason of studying, .549 for
participation .866: great for disengaging factors, and .796 for extracurricular activities
Bartlett’s test is conducted to check the significance of the relationship between the items of a
construct. Table reflects that the p-value of Bartlett’s test is less than standard p-value 0.05. It
means we can proceed with factor analysis. Inferential statistics
Chi square test

To check the relationship between gender and interest of studying abroad
What is your gender? * Are you interested in studying abroad? Cross tabulation
Are you interested in studying abroad? Total
definitely probably probably definitel
yes yes no y no

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What is your gender? Male Count 58 77 24 21 180

Expected Count 66.0 69.0 22.8 22.2 180.0
female Count 52 38 14 16 120
Expected Count 44.0 46.0 15.2 14.8 120.0
Total Count 110 115 38 37 300
Expected Count 110.0 115.0 38.0 37.0 300.0
Interpretation
The table shows that all the expected count is greater than 1 and also fulfilling the assumption of 80%
expected count must be greater than 5
Chi-Square Tests
Value Df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 5.063a 3 .167
Likelihood Ratio 5.079 3 .166
Linear-by-Linear Association .649 1 .421
N of Valid Cases 300
Interpretation
Since all above assumption are fulfilled so sig value Pearson and chi-square shows .167 which is higher
than 0.05 which means there is no relation between gender and interest of studying abroad
Kendall's tau-b
To check the relation between Age education level
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std. Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.

Error
Ordinal by Ordinal Kendall's tau-b -.271 .053 -5.015 .000

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Interpretation
This test is applied on two categorical variables. Result shows the sig value .000 which is less than the
0.05 which means there is some relation between age and education level of respondents. And according
to Cohan’s table there is weak relation and the direction of the relation is negative.
Correlation
To check the relation between reason and participating in abroad study programs
The above graph shows that data is normal and since both variables
are scale so Pearson correlation will apply on both these variables
abroad study reasons for

program studying
participation
abroad study program Pearson Correlation 1 .471**
participation Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 300 300
reasons for studying Pearson Correlation .471** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 300 300
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

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Interpretation
The purpose of this test is in order to know the relation between reason and participating in abroad study
programs. In order to check what are the reasons that the respondents will participate in abroad study
programs. The above table shows the sig value of both variables is .000 which shows the relationship
exists between two variables. And according to Kohen’s table there is a significant moderate relationship
and direction of the relationship is positive.
Regression
Simple regression
To check the relationship between interest and reason of studying abroad
Coefficients
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.

Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta

(Constant) 1.463 .067 21.954 .000
1 Are you interested in studying .333 .030 .544 11.182 .000
abroad?
a. Dependent Variable: reasons for studying
Interpretation
The purpose of applying this is to know how much dependent variable change due to change in
independent variable in this test reason of studying is treated as a dependable and Interest of studying
abroad is treated as independent variable.
The sig value of coefficient table is .000 which is less than 0.05 indicates that the relationship exists
between two variables.
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
Regression 32.790 1 32.790 125.030 .000b

1
Residual 78.152 298 .262

13
Total 110.942 299
Interpretation
The sig value of anova table shows that the model is fit and acceptable
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of the

Square Estimate
1 .544a .296 .293 .51211
a. Predictors: (Constant), Are you interested in studying abroad?
Interpretation
The table shows the R square value .296 which means if independent variable changes 1% then the
dependent variable will change 29%
Regression equation
Reason of studying =1.463+.333 (studying interest) +Error
Multiple regression
Independent variables
DEPENDENT Disengaging factors Extracurricular Reasons of
VARIABLE activities studying
Participation in
abroad study B value B value B value
programs .007 .157 .319
Sig Sig Sig

(.082) (.000) (.000)
Adjusted R2 .258 .258 .258
Anova sig value .000 .000 .000

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Constant value 1.271 1.271 1.271
Interpretation
The multiple regressions is used to find out the change of dependent variable due to more than one
independent variable
The above table shows that the sig value of disengaging factors is higher than 0.05 which means there is
no relation of disengaging factors to the Participation in abroad study programs while the other two
variables shows the relation. The result shows that independable variable changes then dependable
variable changes .258%
Regression equation
Participation =1.271+.007(D. factors) +.157(EA) +.319(Reasons) +Error
T-TEST
To compare the difference between participation of study abroad programs and gender of
respondents
Equal Levine’s Test Sig (2 tailed) 95% Mean

variances for Equality of Confidence
assumed Variances Interval of the
Sig. Difference
Lower Upper
Abroad study .10266 .31009 Male 2.4468
participation .581 .000 .10082 .31193
Female 2.2405
Interpretation
This test is applied in order to know the difference between the two variables. The above table shows the
sig value of leven’s test which indicates the equality of variance. While the 2 tailed sig value is .000
indicates the difference between two variables. And the mean value is showing the difference is .2036%

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Conclusion
At the end we want conclude that every individual has its own perception based on the personal behavior
and the way of their thinking. On the basis of the perception individual makes decision. Based on the
above results suggests that the only few students have already been in abroad and they wanted to go again
while most of the respondents did not travel abroad for any reason but they showed some interest to visit
abroad for study. The above result shows mostly students wants to study abroad because they wanted to
broaden their horizons in academic and wanted to experience different teaching and learning methods.
While most of the respondents find the registration process quite difficult and in contrast they believe that
the participation in such program will benefit for them. The respondents showed some reluctance due
some factors like concerns and separation from their family, cultural difference and personal safety
concerns.
During analysis it has been noticed that male students shows relatively more interest than female students.
And the participation of the respondents depends upon the reasons and personal interest of the
respondents.
Appendix A
current educational level
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
MPhil 1 .3 .3 .3
Graduation 88 29.3 29.3 29.7
Valid under graduation 206 68.7 68.7 98.3
99.00 5 1.7 1.7 100.0
Total 300 100.0 100.0
Have you previously traveled abroad? Why so?

Percent
for fun 93 31.0 31.0 31.0
for academic program 26 8.7 8.7 39.7

Valid
family work 23 7.7 7.7 47.3
No 148 49.3 49.3 96.7

16
99.00 10 3.3 3.3 100.0
Total 300 100.0 100.0
Are you interested in studying abroad?

Percent
definitely yes 110 36.7 36.7 36.7
probably yes 115 38.3 38.3 75.0
Valid probably no 38 12.7 12.7 87.7
definitely no 37 12.3 12.3 100.0
Total 300 100.0 100.0
Statistics
Age of respondents
Valid 300
N
Missing 0
Age of respondents

Percent
18-21 134 44.7 44.7 44.7
22-25 147 49.0 49.0 93.7

Valid 25-28 12 4.0 4.0 97.7
above 28 years 7 2.3 2.3 100.0
Total 300 100.0 100.0
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .672

Approx. Chi-Square 2405.838
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity df 36

Sig. .000

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Communalities
Initial Extraction
I want to experience other cultures 1.000 .745

I want to broaden my horizons in the academic areas 1.000 .983
I want to improve my foreign language competence 1.000 .795
I think that a higher level of English proficiency would 1.000 .461
improve my job prospects
I particularly wanted to study in the UK 1.000 .604
I want to broaden my academic scope and perspectives 1.000 .615
I want to experience different teaching and learning 1.000 .982
methods
I want to become more independent 1.000 .515
I need a change in my lifestyle 1.000 .590
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Total Variance Explained
Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Rotation Sums of Squared

Loadings Loadings
Total % of Cumulative Total % of Cumulative Total % of Cumulative

Variance % Variance % Variance %
1 3.061 34.011 34.011 3.061 34.011 34.011 3.032 33.686 33.686

2 2.097 23.302 57.313 2.097 23.302 57.313 2.113 23.482 57.168
3 1.131 12.567 69.880 1.131 12.567 69.880 1.144 12.712 69.880
4 .903 10.037 79.917
5 .645 7.171 87.088
6 .567 6.296 93.384
7 .357 3.969 97.353
8 .237 2.631 99.984
9 .001 .016 100.000
Component Matrix
Component

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1 2 3
I want to experience other cultures .853 .039 -.123

I want to broaden my horizons in the academic areas -.176 .974 .057
I want to improve my foreign language competence .867 .207 -.002
I think that a higher level of English proficiency would .459 .073 -.495
I particularly wanted to study in the UK .563 -.174 .507
I want to broaden my academic scope and perspectives .782 -.023 -.058
I want to experience different teaching and learning -.174 .973 .072
methods
I want to become more independent .616 .344 .134
I need a change in my lifestyle .044 -.057 .764

a. 3 components extracted.
Rotated Component Matrix
Component
1 2 3
I want to experience other cultures .852 -.109 -.078

I want to broaden my horizons in the academic areas -.016 .991 -.036
I want to improve my foreign language competence .889 .065 .029
I think that a higher level of English proficiency would .485 -.048 -.473
I particularly wanted to study in the UK .505 -.213 .550
I want to broaden my academic scope and perspectives .769 -.153 -.012
I want to experience different teaching and learning -.015 .991 -.021
methods
I want to become more independent .658 .253 .139
I need a change in my lifestyle .003 .008 .768

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.a
a. Rotation converged in 4 iterations.
Component Transformation Matrix
Component 1 2 3
1 .986 -.160 .056

19
2 .164 .983 -.085

3 -.041 .093 .995

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

Sig. .000
Communalities
Initial Extraction
I have plan to participate in abroad studying programs 1.000 .747

I have specific knowledge regarding the abroad studying 1.000 .751
programs available
The registration process of abroad studying programs 1.000 .757
appears to be quite difficult
I regret not participating in abroad studying programs 1.000 .548
I assume participating in abroad studying programs is of 1.000 .761
no benefit with regard to my chosen field
I assume participating in abroad studying programs is of 1.000 .912
benefit to me
I think participation in abroad study programs is a 1.000 .653
wastage of time and money

Loadings Loadings

1 1.810 25.855 25.855 1.810 25.855 25.855 1.722 24.604 24.604
2 1.249 17.849 43.704 1.249 17.849 43.704 1.239 17.695 42.299

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3 1.066 15.227 58.930 1.066 15.227 58.930 1.123 16.042 58.341

4 1.004 14.344 73.274 1.004 14.344 73.274 1.045 14.933 73.274
5 .833 11.906 85.180
6 .616 8.797 93.977
7 .422 6.023 100.000
Component Matrix
Component
1 2 3 4
I have plan to participate in abroad studying programs .807 .006 .310 .030
I have specific knowledge regarding the abroad studying .804 -.095 .304 .064
programs available
The registration process of abroad studying programs -.198 .263 .577 .562
I regret not participating in abroad studying programs .615 .177 -.369 .048
I assume participating in abroad studying programs is of .221 .754 -.300 -.231
I assume participating in abroad studying programs is of .089 -.034 -.529 .789
benefit to me
I think participation in abroad study programs is a -.197 .755 .197 .067

Rotated Component Matrixa
Component
1 2 3 4
I have plan to participate in abroad studying programs .863 .036 .013 -.036
I have specific knowledge regarding the abroad studying .864 -.064 -.006 -.004
programs available
The registration process of abroad studying programs .034 -.046 .866 .065
I regret not participating in abroad studying programs .451 .339 -.328 .350
I assume participating in abroad studying programs is of .063 .860 -.130 .018

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I assume participating in abroad studying programs is of -.039 -.043 .056 .952

benefit to me
I think participation in abroad study programs is a -.144 .612 .496 -.107

Component 1 2 3 4
1 .939 .144 -.270 .155

2 -.038 .934 .356 -.015
3 .334 -.257 .685 -.594
4 .067 -.204 .576 .789

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

Sig. .000
Communalities
Initial Extraction
Financial concerns 1.000 .748

Concerns expressed by your parents /guardian 1.000 .985
Separation from family 1.000 .990
Potential language barrier 1.000 .985
Cultural differences’ 1.000 .989
Personal safety concerns 1.000 .981
Missing out social activities 1.000 .913
Possibilities of hurting expectations 1.000 .838

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Loadings Loadings

1 5.539 69.243 69.243 5.539 69.243 69.243 4.845 60.564 60.564

2 1.889 23.613 92.855 1.889 23.613 92.855 2.583 32.292 92.855
3 .387 4.834 97.689
4 .116 1.456 99.145
5 .025 .316 99.461
6 .020 .249 99.710
7 .016 .194 99.904
8 .008 .096 100.000
Component Matrixa
Component
1 2
Financial concerns .485 .716

Concerns expressed by your parents /guardian .962 -.242
Separation from family .963 -.251
Potential language barrier .963 -.241
Cultural differences’ .961 -.256
Personal safety concerns .955 -.261
Missing out social activities .612 .734
Possibilities of hurting expectations .560 .725

Component
1 2
Financial concerns .124 .856

23
Concerns expressed by your parents /guardian .972 .202

Separation from family .976 .194
Potential language barrier .972 .203
Cultural differences’ .976 .189
Personal safety concerns .973 .182
Missing out social activities .231 .927
Possibilities of hurting expectations .188 .896

Component 1 2
1 .900 .436
2 -.436 .900
Extraction Method: Principal Component

Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser
Normalization.

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Df 21
Sig. .000
Communalities
Initial Extraction
I prefer living independently 1.000 .988

I love travelling around the world 1.000 .983
I like socializing with foreigners 1.000 .952
I like exercising and taking part in physical activities 1.000 .790
abroad
I want to participate in theatrical based dramas 1.000 .972

24
I want to portray my culture among foreign students 1.000 .990

I might start working on a part-time basis for earning 1.000 .946
purposes

Loadings Loadings

1 4.756 67.943 67.943 4.756 67.943 67.943 3.888 55.547 55.547

2 1.866 26.652 94.596 1.866 26.652 94.596 2.733 39.049 94.596
3 .304 4.342 98.937
4 .044 .632 99.570
5 .014 .196 99.765
6 .008 .121 99.886
7 .008 .114 100.000
Component Matrixa
Component
1 2
I prefer living independently .929 -.353

I love travelling around the world .916 -.378
I like socializing with foreigners .707 .672
I like exercising and taking part in physical activities .597 .659
abroad
I want to participate in theatrical based dramas .916 -.365
I want to portray my culture among foreign students .928 -.358
I might start working on a part-time basis for earning .704 .671
purposes


25
Component
1 2
I prefer living independently .971 .214

I love travelling around the world .974 .186
I like socializing with foreigners .223 .950
I like exercising and taking part in physical activities .139 .878
abroad
I want to participate in theatrical based dramas .966 .196
I want to portray my culture among foreign students .973 .209
I might start working on a part-time basis for earning .221 .947
purposes
Statistics
disengaging factors
Valid 300
N
Missing 0
Mean 2.6650
Median 2.6250
Mode 2.00
Std. Deviation .77330
Variance .598
Range 3.00
Minimum 1.00
Maximum 4.00
25 2.0000
Percentiles 50 2.6250
75 3.3750
Statistics
Extracurricular activities
Valid 300
N
Missing 0
Mean 2.5314
Median 2.5714
Mode 2.57

26

Variance .386
Range 3.00
Minimum 1.00
Maximum 4.00
25 2.1429
75 2.8571
Statistics
abroad study program participation
Valid 300
N
Missing 0
Mean 2.3643
Median 2.4286
Mode 2.14
Variance .210
Range 3.00
Minimum 1.00
Maximum 4.00
25 2.1429
75 2.5714
Statistics
reasons for studding
Valid 300
N
Missing 0
Mean 2.1311
Median 2.0000
Mode 1.67a
Variance .371
Range 3.00
Minimum 1.00

27
Maximum 4.00
25 1.6667
75 2.4444
a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value

is shown
What is your gender? * Are you interested in studying abroad? Cross tabulation
Are you interested in studying abroad? Total
definitely yes probably yes probably no definitely no
Count 58 77 24 21 180
male
Expected Count 66.0 69.0 22.8 22.2 180.0
What is your gender?
Count 52 38 14 16 120
female
Expected Count 44.0 46.0 15.2 14.8 120.0
Count 110 115 38 37 300
Total
Expected Count 110.0 115.0 38.0 37.0 300.0
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
14.80.
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx. Sig.
Phi .130 .167

Nominal by Nominal
Cramer's V .130 .167

28
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Are you interested in studying 300 100.0% 0 0.0% 300 100.0%

abroad? * What is your gender?
Are you interested in studying abroad? * What is your gender? Cross tabulation
What is your gender? Total
male female
Count 58 52 110
definitely yes
Expected Count 66.0 44.0 110.0
Count 77 38 115
probably yes
Are you interested in studying Expected Count 69.0 46.0 115.0
abroad? Count 24 14 38
probably no
Count 21 16 37
definitely no
Count 180 120 300
Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
14.80.
Symmetric Measures

29
Value Approx. Sig.
Phi .130 .167

Nominal by Nominal
Cramer's V .130 .167
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
current educational level * Age 300 100.0% 0 0.0% 300 100.0%

of respondents
current educational level * Age of respondents Cross tabulation

Count
Age of respondents Total
18-21 22-25 25-28 above 28 years
MPhil 0 0 0 1 1
graduation 20 58 4 6 88
current educational level
under graduation 114 84 8 0 206
99.00 0 5 0 0 5
Total 134 147 12 7 300
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std. Error Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Ordinal by Ordinal Kendall's tau-b -.271 .053 -5.015 .000

a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.

b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
Correlations

30
abroad study reasons for

program studding
participation
Pearson Correlation 1 .471**

abroad study program
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
participation
N 300 300
Pearson Correlation .471** 1
reasons for studying Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 300 300
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the

Estimate
1 .544a .296 .293 .51211
a. Predictors: (Constant), Are you interested in studying abroad?
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Regression 32.790 1 32.790 125.030 .000b
1 Residual 78.152 298 .262
Total 110.942 299

b. Predictors: (Constant), Are you interested in studying abroad?
Coefficients

Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 1.463 .067 21.954 .000

1 Are you interested in studying .333 .030 .544 11.182 .000
abroad?

31
Model Summary

Estimate
1 .402a .162 .153 .42127
a. Predictors: (Constant), Extracurricular activities, what is your gender?,

disengaging factors
ANOVAa
Regression 10.127 3 3.376 19.022 .000b
1 Residual 52.530 296 .177
Total 62.658 299
a. Dependent Variable: abroad study program participation

b. Predictors: (Constant), Extracurricular activities, what is your gender?, disengaging factors
Coefficients

Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 1.901 .143 13.335 .000

disengaging factors .082 .032 .138 2.576 .010
1
What is your gender? -.228 .050 -.245 -4.562 .000
Extracurricular activities .223 .039 .303 5.682 .000
Regression
Variables Entered/Removed
Model Variables Entered Variables Method

Removed

32
Are you interested . Enter

in studying
abroad?,
1 Extracurricular
activities,
disengaging
factors

b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summary

Estimate
1 .360a .130 .121 .42918
a. Predictors: (Constant), Are you interested in studying abroad?, Extracurricular

activities, disengaging factors
ANOVAa
Regression 8.135 3 2.712 14.721 .000b
1 Residual 54.523 296 .184
Total 62.658 299

b. Predictors: (Constant), Are you interested in studying abroad?, Extracurricular activities, disengaging
factors
Coefficients

Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 1.584 .134 11.817 .000
1 disengaging factors .044 .033 .073 1.327 .185


33
Are you interested in studying .078 .026 .170 3.039 .003

abroad?
Regression
Variables Entered/Removed
Model Variables Entered Variables Method

Removed
reasons for . Enter

studying,
Extracurricular
1
activities,
disengaging
factors

b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summary

Estimate
1 .515a .265 .258 .39438
a. Predictors: (Constant), reasons for studying, Extracurricular activities,

disengaging factors
ANOVAa
Regression 16.618 3 5.539 35.614 .000b
1 Residual 46.039 296 .156
Total 62.658 299

b. Predictors: (Constant), reasons for studying, Extracurricular activities, disengaging factors

34
Coefficients

Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 1.271 .130 9.758 .000
disengaging factors .007 .030 .011 .222 .825

1
reasons for studying .319 .039 .424 8.092 .000
T-Test
Group Statistics
What is your gender? N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
abroad study program male 180 2.4468 .43188 .03219

participation female 120 2.2405 .46925 .04284
Independent Samples Test
Levene's t-test for Equality of Means

Test for
Equality of
Variances
F Sig. t df Sig. Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence

(2- Difference Difference Interval of the
tailed) Difference
Lower Upper
abroad study Equal .305 .581 3.916 298 .000 .20637 .05270 .10266 .31009
program variances
participation assumed

35
Equal 3.851 240.388 .000 .20637 .05358 .10082 .31193

variances
not
assumed
Appendix B
Questionnaire
STUDENT’S PERCEPTION REGARDING STUDYING ABROAD
AND THEIR READINESS
Dear participant
The overall aim of this study is to investigate the perceptions of undergraduate students in relation to
study abroad programs and to identify to what extent they are ready to participate in abroad study
programs. In order to fulfill the course requirements of Quantitative techniques in Business. It would take
hardly 05-10 minutes to fill out this questionnaire
It is ensured that all the information will be kept confidential and will be used for the research purpose
only. Your cooperation in this regard will be highly appreciated.
Name (optional)
1. Gender
a) Male
b) Female
2. Age
a) 18-21
b) 22-25

36
c) 25-28
d) Above 28 years .
3. What is your current educational level?
A) MPhil b) Graduation c) under Graduation d) Others
5. Have you previously traveled abroad? Why so?
a) For fun b) For academic program
c) Family work d) others
6. Are you interested in studying abroad?
a) Definitely yes b) Probably yes

c) Probably no d) Definitely no
Please indicate how strongly you agree or disagree with each statement using the scale provided.
Please check in the numeric box 1, 2, 3 or 4 in the appropriate column.
SCALE
Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree
4 3 2 1
Reasons for studying overseas 4 3 2 1
1 I want to experience other cultures

2 I want to broaden my horizons in the academic areas
3 I want to improve my foreign language competence
4 I think that a higher level of English proficiency would improve my job
prospects
5 I particularly wanted to study in the UK
6 I want to broaden my academic scope and perspectives
7 I want to experience different teaching and learning methods
8 I want to become more independent
9 I need a change in my lifestyle

37
4 3 2 1
Abroad Study Programs and Participation

1 I have plan to participate in abroad studying programs
2 I have specific knowledge regarding the abroad studying programs
available
3 The registration process of abroad studying programs appears to be quite
difficult
4 I regret not participating in abroad studying programs
5 I assume participating in abroad studying programs is of no benefit with
regard to my chosen field
6 I assume participating in abroad studying programs is of benefit to me
7 I think participation in abroad study programs is a wastage of time and
money
Factors playing role in disengaging from studying abroad:

1. None 2. Very little 3. Average 4. Very much
4 3 2 1
1 Financial concerns 1
2 Concerns expressed by your parents /guardian
3 Separation from family
4 Potential language barrier
5 Cultural differences’
6 Personal safety concerns
7 Missing out social activities
8 Possibilities of hurting expectations
4 3 2 1
Extracurricular activities
1 I prefer living independently
2 I love travelling around the world
3 I like socializing with foreigners

38
4 I like exercising and taking part in physical activities abroad

5 I want to participate in theatrical based dramas
6 I want to portray my culture among foreign students
7 I might start working on a part-time basis for earning purposes

Miss. Shabnum Khan

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Quantitative research technique

BBHM-F15-033 Talha Riaz

BBHM-F15-027 Palvasha kamal

BBHM-F15-024 Babar Ali

BBHM-F15-034 Arslan Khizar

Course instructor Miss. Shabnum

Superior university Lahore

Superior university Lahore

Abroad Study Programs and Participation .................................................................................................. 37

Superior university Lahore

Purpose of the project

(a) Basic level of awareness of available programs;

(b) Perceived value of those programs; and

(c) Obstacles inhibiting participation as relating to an experience abroad.

Variables names and definition

Superior university Lahore

Variables Types and Relevant Tests/Tables:

These all are categorical variables

Superior university Lahore

Total 300 100%

Total 300 100%

Total 300 100%

Total 300 100%

Superior university Lahore

Items No of Mini Max. Mean St, varian Rang

Superior university Lahore

FACTORS OF KMO AND BARTELET

Constructs No. of KMO Bartlett’s Significant

Chi square test

Superior university Lahore

What is your gender? Male Count 58 77 24 21 180

Value Df Asymp. Sig. (2-

Value Asymp. Std. Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.

Ordinal by Ordinal Kendall's tau-b -.271 .053 -5.015 .000

N of Valid Cases 300

Superior university Lahore

abroad study reasons for

Superior university Lahore

Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

a. Dependent Variable: reasons for studying

Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.

Regression 32.790 1 32.790 125.030 .000b

Superior university Lahore

Total 110.942 299

a. Dependent Variable: reasons for studying

Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of the

1 .544a .296 .293 .51211

a. Predictors: (Constant), Are you interested in studying abroad?

Sig Sig Sig

Superior university Lahore

Constant value 1.271 1.271 1.271

Equal Levine’s Test Sig (2 tailed) 95% Mean

Superior university Lahore

current educational level

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Graduation 88 29.3 29.3 29.7

Valid under graduation 206 68.7 68.7 98.3

99.00 5 1.7 1.7 100.0

Total 300 100.0 100.0

Have you previously traveled abroad? Why so?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative