Management Information System

LINGAYA’S LALITA DEVI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & SCIENCES
Affiliated to GGSIP University & Govt. of NCT of Delhi
‘A’ grade NAAC Accredited Institution
Management
Information
System File
BBA 307 Semester 5th 2018

Submitted By: TARUN KUMAR
Roll NO: 04019201716
Section: A
Branch: BBA
S UBMITTED TO : M R . ABDULLAH KHAN

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project report, entitled “MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
SYSTEM”, submitted to GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY, New
Delhi, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of MR Abdullah
khan, Faculty Member, LINGAYA’S LALITA DEVI INSTITUE OF MANAGEMENT AND
SCIENCES, MANDI ROAD, NEW DELHI- 110047 and this project work has not
performed the basis for the award of any Degree to my best knowledge.
Place: New Delhi Candidate’s signature
Date: Name:- TARUN KUMAR
Enroll. No:- 04019201716
Lingaya’s Lalita Devi Institute Of Management & Sciences | 04019201716 2

3. Management Information System File
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that TARUN KUMAR, BBA V – A Enrollment has successfully

completed the MIS project. This project has been done in partial fulfillment for
BACHELOR IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) course. The student
has also made his project to my entire satisfaction and as per requirement of the
course.
The work has not been anywhere else for the award of degree. All source of
information have been duly mentioned.
SIGNATURE
Mr. ABDULLAH KHAN
(Project Guide)

4 Management Information System File
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“Accomplishment of any task necessarily depends upon the willingness and

enthusiastic contribution of time and energy of many people”. From the starting till
the completion of this project, there are many people without those assistance all
my efforts would have been fruitless.
I, therefore, acknowledge all who generously helped me by sharing their time,

experience and knowledge with me without which this project would have never
been accomplished. I acknowledge that we are thankful to our respected professor
MR. ABDULLAH KHAN for guiding me to complete the project with honest
attention without her kind help; the project completion would not have been
possible.
I am thankful to my classmates who gave their support and commitment to make

this project successful.

TABLE OF CONTENT
No TITLE Page No
1 Declaration 2
2 Certificate 3
3 Acknowledgement 4
4 Meaning and Concept of MIS 6
5 Characteristics of MIS 10
6 Role of MIS 11
7 Objectives of MIS. 12
8 Types of MIS 13
9 Concept of Information 19
10 SDLC 23
11 Company Profile 33
12 DBMS 35
13 Questionnaire 42
14 Bibliography 47

MANGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
CONCEPT
The MIS is an idea which is associated with man, machine, marketing and methods
for collecting information’s from the internal and external source and processing
this information for the purpose of facilitating the process of decision-making of
the business.
MIS is not new, only the computerization is new , before computers MIS
techniques existed to supply managers with the information that would permit
them to plan and control business operations. The computer has added on more
dimensions such as speed, accuracy and increased volume of data that permit the
consideration of more alternatives in decision-making process.
The scope and purpose of MIS is better understood if each part of them is defined
individually, thus
1. MANAGEMENT: Management has been define in process or activities that
describe what managers do in the operation for their organization plan, organize,
initiate and control operations. They plan by setting strategies and goals and
selecting the best course of action to achieve the goals. They organize the
necessary tasks for the operational plan, set these tasks up into homogenous groups
and assign authority delegation; they control the performance standards and
avoiding deviation from standard.
The decision-making is a fundamental prerequisite of each of the foregoing

process, the job of MIS is facilitating decisions necessary for planning, organizing
and controlling the work and functions of the business so that specified goals of
business are achieved.
2. INFORMATION: Data must be distinguished from information and the

distinction is clear and important for present purpose. Data are facts and figures
that are not currently being used in a decision-making process and usually are
taken from the historical records that are recorded and filled without immediate
intent to retrieve for decision-making.

Information consists of data that have been retrieved, processed or otherwise used
for information or interference purpose, argument or as a basis forecasting or
decision-making regarding any business unit. Information is knowledge that one
derives from facts for effective functioning of systems placed in the right context
with the purpose of reducing uncertainty regarding the alternative courses of action
as they are based on description and measurement of attributes of various entities
associated with the enterprise.
3. SYSTEM: The system can be described as a set of elements joined together for a
common objective. A subsystem is a part of a larger system with which one is
concerned. All systems for our purpose the organization is the system and the parts
(divisions, departments, functions, unit etc) are the subsystem.
The system concept of MIS is, therefore one of optimizing the output of the
organization by connecting the operating subsystems through the medium of
information exchange.
The Management information system (MIS) is a concept of the last two decade or
two. It has been understood and described in a number of ways. It is also known as
the Information System, the Information and Decision System, the computer based
Decision System.
Information is the life blood of an organization, particularly in the case of system
approach management. The MIS or Information system can be define as the
knowledge communicated by others or obtained from investigation or study. It is a
system providing needed information to each manager at the right time in the right
form and relevant one which aids understanding and stimulates the action. MIS is
an organized method of providing past, present and projection information relating
to internal operations and externals intelligence. It supports the planning, control
and operational functions of an organization by furnishing uniform information in
proper time frame to help the process of decision-making.
Management Information System is generally defined as an integrated user-machine
system for providing information to support operations, management and decision-
making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computer hardware and
software, manual procedure, models for analysis. Information is viewed as a resource
much like land, labor and capital. It must be obtained processed, stored, manipulated
and analyzed, distributed etc. An organization with a well-defined

Information system will generally have a competitive advantage over organization

with poor MIS and no MIS.
The MIS has more than one definition, some of which are given below:
I. The MIS is defined as a system which provides information support for
decision-making in the organization.
II. The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for
providing the information to support the operations, the management and the
decision-making function in the organization.
III. The MIS is defined as a system based on the database of the organization
evolved for the purpose of providing information to the people in the organization.
IV. The MIS is defined as a computer-based information system.
Though there are a number of definitions all of them converge on a single point,
i.e. the MIS is a system that support the decision-making function of the
organization. The difference lies in defining the elements of MIS. However, in
today’s world, the MIS is a computerized business processing system generating
information for the people in the organization to meet the information needs for
decision-making to achieve the corporate objective of the organization.
MIS is a computer-based system that provides flexible and speedy access to
accurate data. The organizational information system which in general relates to
the planning, operation and control of an enterprise are the most important among
them. MIS refers primarily to such an organizational system which is generally
large, sophisticated, structured and dynamically evolving and of immense
commercial values. A large number of programmers and system analysts are
employed by many organizations to build a variety of MIS. Thus, the education of
programmers and system analysts as well as general manager, the subject of MIS,
has occupied a key position.
Thus, MIS is a set of computer-based system and procedures implemented to help
managers in their routine job of decision-making and planning, expansion and
development.
The objective of MIS is to provide information for a decision support process of
management. It should help in such a way that the business goals are achieved in
the most efficient manner. Since the decision-making is not restricted to a
particular level, the MIS is expected to support all the levels of the management in
conducting the business operations. Unless the MIS becomes a management aid, it
is not useful to the organization.

Modern management system relies on MIS, the complexity of business

management and competitive nature of business requires handling of business
operations with skill and foresight to advert the crisis. The management process is
executed through a variety of decisions taken at each step of planning, organizing,
staffing, directing, coordinating and controlling. If the management is able to spell
out the decision required to be taken, then the MIS is designed suitably.
The actual MIS process relates to:
A. Collection
B. Organization
C. Distribution
D. Storage of wide information
E. Managerial control and analysis of data
Hence MIS focuses on:
i. Organization-wide information
ii. Decision-making process
iii. Managerial control and analysis
CONCLUSION: Management Information Systems is sets of inter-related procedures

using information system infrastructure in a business enterprise to generate and
disseminate the desired information. Such systems are designed to support decision-
making by the people associated with the enterprise in the process of attainment of its
objectives. The MIS gets data and other resources of IT infrastructure as inputs from the
environment and process them to satisfy the information needs of different entities
associated with the business enterprise. There are subsystems of control over the use of
IT resources and feedback system offers useful clues for increasing the benefits of
information system to business. The MIS are subsystem of business system and by
themselves serve the function of feedback and control in business system.

Characteristics of useful information:
 Timeliness: to simplify prompt decision making, the MIS must be able to

provide and distribute current information to appropriate users. The system
should be able to quickly collect, edit data, summarize results and be able to
adjust and correct errors promptly.
 Accuracy: a sound automated and manual internal control system must exist
throughout all information system processing activities.
 Consistency: because data collection and reporting processes will change
overtime, to be reliable the data should be processed and complied to verify
it authenticity.
 Completeness: MIS plays an important role in decision making, that
decision makers need complete and pertinent information in a summarized
report. Reports should be designed to eliminate clutter and voluminous
details thereby avoiding ‘information overload’.
 Relevance: information provided to managers must be relevant (must deal
with the matter at hand). MIS must be appropriate to support the
management level using it
The characteristics of useful information, is made useful due to 3 main

characteristics:
1. Time. Information should be readily available.

2. Content. It must be error proof.
3. Form. Information should be easily understood.

ROLE of MIS
The role of the MIS in an organization can be compared to the role of heart in the
body. The information is the blood and MIS is the heart. In the body the heart plays
the role of supplying pure blood to all the elements of the body including the brain.
The heart work faster and supplies more blood when needed. It regulates and
controls the incoming impure blood, processed it and sends it to the destination in
the quantity needed. It fulfills the needs of blood supply to human body in normal
course and also in crisis.
The MIS plays exactly the same role in the organization. The system ensures that
an appropriate data is collected from the various sources, processed and send
further to all the needy destinations. The system is expected to fulfill the
information needs of an individual, a group of individuals, the management
functionaries: the managers and top management.
Here are some of the important roles of the MIS:
i. The MIS satisfies the diverse needs through variety of systems
such as query system, analysis system, modeling system and decision support
system.
ii. The MIS helps in strategic planning, management control,
operational control and transaction processing. The MIS helps in the clerical
personal in the transaction processing and answers the queries on the data
pertaining to the transaction, the status of a particular record and reference on a
variety of documents.
iii. The MIS helps the junior management personnel by providing
the operational data for planning, scheduling and control , and helps them further
in decision-making at the operation level to correct an out of control situation.
iv. The MIS helps the middle management in short term planning,
target setting and controlling the business functions. It is supported by the use of
the management tools of planning and control.
v. The MIS helps the top level management in goal setting,
strategic planning and evolving the business plans and their implementation.
vi. The MIS plays the role of information generation,
communication, problem identification and helps in the process of decision-
making. The MIS, therefore, plays a vital role in the management, administration
and operation of an organization.

OBJECTIVE OF MIS
The goals of an MIS are to implement the organizational structure and dynamics of
the enterprise for the purpose of managing the organization in a better way and
capturing the potential of the information system for competitive advantage.
Following are the basic objectives of an MIS:
 Capturing Data: Capturing contextual data, or operational information that

will contribute in decision making from various internal and external
sources of organization.
 Processing Data: The captured data is processed into information needed
for planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling
functionalities at strategic, tactical and operational level. Processing data
means:
o making calculations with the data
o sorting data
o classifying data and
o summarizing data
 Information Storage: Information or processed data need to be stored for
future use.
 Information Retrieval: The system should be able to retrieve this
information from the storage as and when required by various users.
 Information Propagation: Information or the finished product of the
MIS should be circulated to its users periodically using the organizational
network.

Fundamental types of Information System


Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Management Information Systems (MIS)

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Office Automation Systems (OAS)

Executive Support Systems (ESS
1. Transaction Processing System
Transaction Processing System is a type of information processing system,

software and hardware combination, which supports Transaction processing.
Transaction processing is a type of computer processing in which each
individual indivisible task, called a transaction, is worked upon and executed
as and when it comes. The response to requests is immediate. In contrast to
this is batch processing in which a batch of requests are stored and then
executed all at once. A transaction Processing System is also used to collect,
store, retrieve and modify transactions executed by an organization.
In transaction processing, user or customer interaction is required, unlike batch

processing. It allows only certain predefined, typically short duration, tasks and
transactions to be erformed by the user and provides a predictable request execution
time, which is pre- programmed. This gives it the following characteristics:
 Predictability
 Reliability
 Consistency

Transaction processing systems are helpful in three areas:
 System runtime functions - An execution environment with high response

time, reliability of execution and security of data
 System administration functions - Administrative support required for
managing transactions
2. Management Information System
The Management Information System (MIS) is a concept of the last decade

or two. It has been understood and described in a number ways. It is also known
as the Information System, the Information and Decision System, the
Computer-based information System.
The MIS has more than one definition, some of which are given below.
1. The MIS is defined as a system which provides information support for

decision
Making in the organization.
2. The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for

providing the information to support the operations, the management and the
decision making function in the organization.
3. The MIS is defined as a system based on the database of the organization

evolved for the purpose of providing information to the people in the
organization.
4. The MIS is defined as a Computer, based Information System.

Management information system can thus be analyzed as-:
Management
Management covers the planning, control, and administration of the operations

of a concern. The top management handles planning; the middle management
concentrates on controlling; and the lower management is concerned with
actual administration.
Information
Information, in MIS, means the processed data that helps the management in
planning, controlling and operations. Data means all the facts arising out of the
operations of the concern. Data is processed i.e. recorded, summarized,
compared and finally presented to the management in the form of MIS report.
System
Data is processed into information with the help of a system. A system is made
up of inputs, processing, output and feedback or control.
Thus MIS means a system for processing data in order to give proper
information to the management for performing its functions

3. Decision Support System
Decision Support Systems (DSS) are a specific class of computerized

information system that supports business and organizational decision-making
activities. A properly designed Decision Support System is an interactive
software-based system intended to help decision makers compile useful
information from raw data, documents, personal knowledge, and/or business
models to identify and solve problems and make decisions.
Typical information that a decision support application might gather and present
would be:
 Accessing all of your current information assets, including legacy and

relational data sources, cubes, data warehouses, and data marts
 Comparative sales figures between one week and the next
 Projected revenue figures based on new product sales assumptions
 The consequences of different decision alternatives, given past
experience in a context that is described
5. Office Automation System
Office automation system refers to the use of equipment’s and processes to

facilitate efficient and effective communication within an organization. The
modern technologies applied in business operation are geared towards
improving productivity by eliminating redundancies. Automation systems
ensure that the required processes run smoothly and are replicated with the
same level of accuracy all the time.

Office automation refers to the type of computer machinery and software

used to digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay office
information needed for accomplishing basic tasks and goals. Raw data
storage, electronic transfer, and the management of electronic business
information comprise the basic activities of an office automation system.
6. Executive Support System
Executive Support System (ESS) is a software reporting tool that provides

the executive level officers the critical organization’s data in a useful
concise format so that the executives make quick decisions.
ESS mainly deals with data related to key departments like billing, accounting,
scheduling, staffing etc. In addition to providing quick access to the data, ESS
also acts as an analysis tool and provides good understanding of the various
possible outcomes depending upon the changes in input data.
ESS thus saves valuable time of the executives in digging the huge pile of
information to identify the critical data and helps them spend more time on
brainstorming and decision making by providing only the required data.
ESS can be used to view and analyze both the present data and predicted
future data.
ESS can be customized to suite the user requirements and its functioning is
solely dependent on the skills of the developer.

Some of the advantages of ESS are:
1. Improved personal efficiency

2. Increased organizational control
3. Competitive advantage over competitors
4. Automation of the managerial processes.

Concept of Information
Definition-:
Information is stimuli that have meaning in some context for its receiver. When
information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to
as data after processing (such as formatting and printing), output data can again
be perceived as information.
Types of Information
Strategic Information-:
Strategic information is required by the manager at the strategic levels of

management for the formulation of organizational strategies. This relates to
long term planning policies of the organization as a whole.
Tactical Information-:
Information in this category is used in short term planning and is of use at

management control level.

Operational Information-:
Operation information applies to short period which may vary from an hour to a
few days.
Concept of System
Definition-:
A system is a collection of elements or components that are organized for a

common purpose.
A computer system consists of hardware components that have been carefully

chosen so that they work well together and software components or programs
that run in the computer.
Kind of Systems
Abstract and physical systems
An abstract or conceptual system is an orderly arrangement of interdependent ideas

or constructs, which may or may not have any counterpart in the real world.
On the other hand, physical systems are generally concrete operational systems
made up of people, materials, machines, energy and other physical things; Physical
systems are more than conceptual constructs.

Deterministic and Probabilistic Systems
A deterministic system is one in which the occurrence of all events is known with
certainty. A probabilistic system is one in which the occurrence of events cannot be
perfectly predicted. Though the behavior of such a system can be described in
terms of probability, a certain degree of error is always attached to the prediction of
the behavior of the system.
Open and Closed Systems
An open system is one that interacts with its environment and thus exchanges
information, material, or energy with the environment, including random and
undefined inputs. Open systems are adaptive in nature, as they tend to react with
the environment in such a way, so as to favor their continued existence. Such
systems are ‘self-organizing’, in the sense that they change their organisation in
response to changing conditions.
A closed system is one, which does not interact with its environment. Such systems
in business world, are rare, but relatively closed systems are common. Thus, the
systems that are relatively isolated from the environment but not completely
closed, are termed closed system.
User Machine Systems
Most of the physical systems are user-machine (or human –machines) systems It is
difficult to think of a system composed only of people who do not utilize equipment
of some kind to achieve their goals. In user-machine systems, both, i.e. human as well
as machine perform some activities in the accomplishment of a goal (e.g.

decision-making). The machine elements (may be computer hardware and

software) are relatively closed and deterministic, whereas the human elements of
the system are open and probabilistic.

System Development Life Cycle
Definition-:
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project
management that describes the stages involved in an information system
development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the
completed application
Stages in SDLC
Different Stages in SDLC
1. Planning and Requirement Analysis: Requirement analysis is the most important

and fundamental stage in SDLC. It is performed by the senior members of the team
with inputs from the customer, the sales department, market surveys and domain
experts in the industry. This information is then used to plan the basic project
approach and to conduct product feasibility study in the economical, operational,
and technical areas.
2. Defining Requirements: Once the requirement analysis is done the next step is to
clearly define and document the product requirements and get them approved from
the customer or the market analysts. This is done through ‘SRS’ – Software
Requirement Specification document which consists of all the product
requirements to be designed and developed during the project life cycle.

3. Designing the product architecture: SRS is the reference for product architects to
come out with the best architecture for the product to be developed. Based on the
requirements specified in SRS, usually more than one design approach for the
product architecture is proposed and documented in a DDS - Design Document
Specification. This DDS is reviewed by all the important stakeholders and based
on various parameters as risk assessment, product robustness, design modularity ,
budget and time constraints , the best design approach is selected for the product.
4. Building or Developing the Product: In this stage of SDLC the actual

development starts and the product is built. The programming code is generated as
per DDS during this stage. If the design is performed in a detailed and organized
manner, code generation can be accomplished without much hassle.
5. Testing the Product: This stage is usually a subset of all the stages as in the
modern SDLC models, the testing activities are mostly involved in all the stages
of SDLC. However this stage refers to the testing only stage of the product where
products defects are reported, tracked, fixed and retested, until the product reaches
the quality standards defined in the SRS.
6. Deployment in the Market and Maintenance: Once the product is tested and ready
to be deployed it is released formally in the appropriate market. Sometime product
deployment happens in stages as per the organizations’ business strategy. The
product may first be released in a limited segment and tested in the real business
environment (UAT- User acceptance testing).
Approaches and Models of SDLC

There are various software development life cycle models defined and designed
which are followed during software development process. These models are also
referred as "Software Development Process Models". Each process model follows
a Series of steps unique to its type, in order to ensure success in process of
software development.
Following are the most important and popular SDLC models followed in the
industry:
1. Waterfall Model
2. Iterative Model
3. Spiral Model
4. V-Model
5. Big Bang Model
1. Waterfall Model-:
Waterfall approach was first SDLC Model to be used widely in Software

Engineering to ensure success of the project. In "The Waterfall" approach, the
whole process of software development is divided into separate phases. In
Waterfall model, typically, the outcome of one phase acts as the input for the next
phase sequentially.
Following is a diagrammatic representation of different phases of waterfall

model

The sequential phases in Waterfall model are:

Requirement Gathering and analysis All possible requirements of the system
to be developed are captured in this phase and documented in a requirement
specification doc.

System Design: The requirement specifications from first phase are studied
in this phase and system design is prepared. System Design helps in
specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining
overall system architecture.

Implementation: With inputs from system design, the system is first
developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next
phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality which is
referred to as Unit Testing.


Integration and Testing: All the units developed in the implementation phase
are integrated into a system after testing of each unit. Post integration the
entire system is tested for any faults and failures.

Deployment of system: Once the functional and nonfunctional testing is
done, the product is deployed in the customer environment or released into
the market.

Maintenance: There are some issues which come up in the client
environment. To fix those issues patches are released. Also to enhance the
product some better versions are released. Maintenance is done to deliver
these changes in the customer environment.
Waterfall Model Application
Requirements are very well documented, clear and fixed
 Product definition is stable

 Technology is understood and is not dynamic
 There are no ambiguous requirements
 Ample resources with required expertise are available to support the product
 The project is short

2. Iterative Model-:
Iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a subset of the software

requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the full system is
implemented. At each iteration, design modifications are made and new functional
capabilities are added. The basic idea behind this method is to develop a system
through repeated cycles (iterative) and in smaller portions at a time (incremental).
Iterative Model Application
Like other SDLC models, Iterative and incremental development has some specific
applications in the software industry. This model is most often used in the
following scenarios:

Requirements of the complete system are clearly defined and understood.

Major requirements must be defined; however, some functionalities or
requested enhancements may evolve with time.

There is a time to the market constraint.

A new technology is being used and is being learnt by the development team
while working on the project.


Resources with needed skill set are not available and are planned to be used
on contract basis for specific iterations.

There are some high risk features and goals which may change in the future.
3. Spiral Model-:
Spiral model is a combination of iterative development process model and

sequential linear development model i.e. waterfall model with very high emphasis
on risk analysis. It allows for incremental releases of the product, or incremental
refinement through each iteration around the spiral.
Spiral Model design
The spiral model has four phases. A software project repeatedly passes through
these phases in iterations called Spirals.
1. Identification
This phase starts with gathering the business requirements in the baseline spiral. In the
subsequent spirals as the product matures, identification of system requirements,
subsystem requirements and unit requirements are all done in this phase.

This also includes understanding the system requirements by continuous

communication between the customer and the system analyst. At the end of the
spiral the product is deployed in the identified market.
2. Design
Design phase starts with the conceptual design in the baseline spiral and involves
architectural design, logical design of modules, physical product design and final
design in the subsequent spirals.
3. Construct or Build
Construct phase refers to production of the actual software product at every spiral.
In the baseline spiral when the product is just thought of and the design is being
developed a POC (Proof of Concept) is developed in this phase to get customer
feedback.
4. Evaluation and Risk Analysis
Risk Analysis includes identifying, estimating, and monitoring technical feasibility

and management risks, such as schedule slippage and cost overrun. After testing
the build, at the end of first iteration, the customer evaluates the software and
provides feedback.
Based on the customer evaluation, software development process enters into the
next iteration and subsequently follows the linear approach to implement the
feedback suggested by the customer. The process of iterations along the spiral
continues throughout the life of the software.
Spiral Model Application

Spiral Model is very widely used in the software industry as it is in synch with the
natural development process of any product i.e. learning with maturity and also
involves minimum risk for the customer as well as the development firms.
Following are the typical uses of Spiral model:


When costs there is a budget constraint and risk evaluation is important

For medium to high-risk projects.

Long-term project commitment because of potential changes to economic
priorities as the requirements change with time.

Customer is not sure of their requirements which are usually the case.

Requirements are complex and need evaluation to get clarity.

6 New product line which should be released in phases to get enough
customer feedback.

Significant changes are expected in the product during the development
cycle.
5. V-Model
V-Model is an extension of the waterfall model and is based on association of a

testing phase for each corresponding development stage. This means that for
every single phase in the development cycle there is a directly associated testing
phase. This is a highly disciplined model and next phase starts only after
completion of the previous phase.
V-Model Application
V- Model application is almost same as waterfall model, as both the models are of
sequential type. Requirements have to be very clear before the project starts,
because it is usually expensive to go back and make changes. This model is used in
the medical development field, as it is strictly disciplined domain.

Following are the suitable scenarios to use V-Model:


Requirements are well defined, clearly documented and fixed.

Product definition is stable.

Technology is not dynamic and is well understood by the project team.

There are no ambiguous or undefined requirements

The project is short.

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Management Information System

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LINGAYA’S LALITA DEVI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & SCIENCES

Affiliated to GGSIP University & Govt. of NCT of Delhi

‘A’ grade NAAC Accredited Institution

BBA 307 Semester 5th 2018

S UBMITTED TO : M R . ABDULLAH KHAN

I hereby declare that the project report, entitled “MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

SYSTEM”, submitted to GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY, New

Delhi, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of MR Abdullah

khan, Faculty Member, LINGAYA’S LALITA DEVI INSTITUE OF MANAGEMENT AND

Place: New Delhi Candidate’s signature

Date: Name:- TARUN KUMAR

Enroll. No:- 04019201716

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This is to certify that TARUN KUMAR, BBA V – A Enrollment has successfully

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“Accomplishment of any task necessarily depends upon the willingness and

I, therefore, acknowledge all who generously helped me by sharing their time,

I am thankful to my classmates who gave their support and commitment to make

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4 Meaning and Concept of MIS 6

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MANGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

The decision-making is a fundamental prerequisite of each of the foregoing

2. INFORMATION: Data must be distinguished from information and the

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Information system will generally have a competitive advantage over organization

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Modern management system relies on MIS, the complexity of business

CONCLUSION: Management Information Systems is sets of inter-related procedures

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Characteristics of useful information:

 Timeliness: to simplify prompt decision making, the MIS must be able to

The characteristics of useful information, is made useful due to 3 main

1. Time. Information should be readily available.

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Following are the basic objectives of an MIS:

 Capturing Data: Capturing contextual data, or operational information that

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Fundamental types of Information System

1. Transaction Processing System

Transaction Processing System is a type of information processing system,

In transaction processing, user or customer interaction is required, unlike batch

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Transaction processing systems are helpful in three areas:

 System runtime functions - An execution environment with high response

2. Management Information System

The Management Information System (MIS) is a concept of the last decade

1. The MIS is defined as a system which provides information support for

Making in the organization.

2. The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for

3. The MIS is defined as a system based on the database of the organization

4. The MIS is defined as a Computer, based Information System.

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Management information system can thus be analyzed as-:

Management covers the planning, control, and administration of the operations

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3. Decision Support System

Decision Support Systems (DSS) are a specific class of computerized

 Accessing all of your current information assets, including legacy and

5. Office Automation System

Office automation system refers to the use of equipment’s and processes to