EET-321: Communication Systems

Fall 2018

Lecture 1

Introduction

Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro

Contents of the Week

▪ Introduction to course
▪ Famous Communication Systems
▪ Elements of a Communication System
▪ Electromagnetic Spectrum

2 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Aim and Objectives of this Course

▪ This course presents essential theories and analysis of communication

systems.
▪ It starts by a quick review of signals and systems including Fourier series,
transforms, and transmission of signal through linear systems.
▪ Major part of this course focuses on analog communications, such as
Amplitude Modulation and Angle Modulation (FM, PM), which also includes the
methods of generating and recovering AM and FM signals.
▪ Sampling theorem and quantization are also covered in this course followed by
an introduction to digital communications.

3 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Learning Outcomes

Bloom’s
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
Taxonomy Level

CLO-1: Identify the basic building blocks of a communication system C1

Relate and compare different analog modulation and

CLO-2: C2
demodulation techniques.
Implement amplitude and frequency modulated radio
CLO-3: C3
transmitters and receivers
Develop understanding of the performance of analog
CLO-4: C2
communication systems

4 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Course Content

▪ Introduction to Communication Systems

▪ Amplitude Modulation
▪ AM Reception/Demodulation
▪ Angle Modulation
▪ FM Analysis/Broadcast
▪ FM Reception/Demodulation
▪ Effects of noise on analog communication systems
▪ Introduction to Digital Communication

5 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Recommended Books

▪ Text Book(s):
▪ B.P. Lathi, “Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems”, 4e

▪ A. Bruce Carlson, “Communication Systems”,McGraw Hill.

▪ Reference Book:
▪ Simon Hayken, “Communication Systems”, John Wiley & Sons 2001.

6 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Grading Policy

▪ Assignments 20 Marks
▪ Quizzes 10 Marks
▪ Mid Term Exam 20 Marks
▪ Final Exam 50 Marks
▪ Total 100 Marks

7 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Class Schedule and Consultation Hours

Office Hours

Office Hours

8 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Communication System

▪ Means of delivering information from one end to other end using electrical
and/or electromagnetic signaling.
▪ A typical communication system involves, electrical, electronics,
electromagnetics, signal processing, microprocessors and networks.

9 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Some Famous Communication Systems

▪ Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) – voice, fax, modem

▪ Radio broadcasting (AM and FM)
▪ Computer networks (LANs, MANs, WANs, and Internet)
▪ Aviation communication bands; Emergency bands; etc.
▪ Satellite systems (Commercial and Military communications)
▪ Cable television (originally CATV) for video and data
▪ Cellular networks (4 generations – Now LTE or 4G & 5G)
▪ Wi-Fi LANs, Bluetooth & GPS

10 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Elements of a Communication System

▪ Source: Originates an input message (human voice, picture, text)

▪ Input Transducer: Converts a nonelectrical message to an electrical waveform (mic, camera)
▪ Transmitter: Modifies the baseband signal for efficient transmission, may consist of multiple
sub-systems, A/D converter, encoder, modulator.

11 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Elements of a Communication System

▪ Channel: A medium that conveys the signal from the transmitter output to the receiver over a
distance. (Coaxial Cable, Twisted pair cable, optical fiber cable, electromagnetic spectrum)
▪ Receiver: Reprocesses signal received from the channel to reverse the effects of transmitter,
channel distortion and noise.
▪ Output Transducer: Converts the electrical signal to a understandable format (Speaker, TV)

12 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Elements of a Communication System

▪ Distortion: Disturbance in the shape of signal waveform due to different physical phenomenon,
such as frequency dependents gain, multipath effect and Doppler shift.
▪ Channel is a physical medium that behaves partly like a filter. Attenuates the signal and distorts
the transmitted waveforms.
▪ Linear Distortion: Different amount of attenuation and phase shift to different frequency
components.
▪ Non-linear Distortion: Attenuation that varies with signal amplitude.

▪ Noise: Undesirable interferences and disturbances in the transmitted signals. Noise signals are
random and unpredictable.
▪ Two major sources of noises, External noise and Internal noise.

13 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Elements of a Communication System

▪ External Noise Sources: Interference signals transmitted on nearby channels, faulty contact
switches of electrical equipment, automobile ignition radiation, natural noise from lightening,
microwave ovens and cellphone emission.

▪ Internal Noise Sources: Thermal motion of charged particles inside conductors, random
emission and diffusion of charged particles insides electronics devices.

Noise is one of the underlying factors that limit the rate of telecommunication.

14 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Electromagnetic Spectrum

15 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Electromagnetic Spectrum

16 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018

Related Readings

▪ B.P. Lathi, “Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems”, 4e

▪ Chapter-1

17 © Dr. Shoaib R. Soomro, Bahria University, 2018