Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
1) Given that early land plants most likely share a common ancestor with green algae, the earliest
land plants were most likely ________.
A) nonvascular plants that grew leafless, photosynthetic shoots
B) species that did not exhibit alternation of generations
C) vascular plants with well-defined root systems
D) plants with well-developed leaves
2) A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined. The leaf was dark green, thin, had stoma on
the lower surface only, and had a total surface area of ten square meters. Where is the most likely
environment where this leaf was growing?
A) a large, still pond
B) a tropical rain forest
C) an oasis within a grassland
D) the floor of a deciduous forest
4) Why do most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy, with leaf emergence at an angle of
137.5° compared to leaves above and below?
A) to allow maximum exposure to light
B) to promote a leaf area index above 8
C) to reduce shading of lower leaves
D) to allow maximum exposure to light and to reduce shading of lower leaves
5) A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most
probable cause of the deficiency?
A) Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning.
B) Mycorrhizal fungi were killed.
C) Active transport of minerals was inhibited.
D) The genes for the synthesis of transport proteins were destroyed.
Mycorrhizal菌根
6) Which one of the following does not correctly match the form with its function?
A) stem—water and minerals are transported upward
B) xylem sap—transport water and nutrients from roots to shoots upward
C) transpiration—loss of water mostly through stomata
D) cork cambium—increase in stem thickness
8) Which one of the following played a critical role in the successful colonization of land by
plants?
A) ground tissue
B) bacterial association
C) mycorrhizae
D) cuticle on leaf surface
11) Active transport of amino acids in plants at the cellular level requires ________.
A) NADP and channel proteins
B) xylem membranes and channel proteins
C) sodium/potassium pumps and xylem membranes
D) ATP, transport proteins, and a proton gradient
12) The physical property that predicts the direction of water flow is referred as ________.
A) potassium pump
B) water potential
C) osmotic potential
D) sodium pump
13) What is the function of proton pumps localized in the plant plasma membrane?
A) to transfer phosphorus groups from ATP to proteins
B) to transfer metal ions across the plasma membrane
C) to transfer anions across the plasma membrane
D) to create a membrane potential
2
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
14) Which of following ions play the primary role in basic transport processes in plant cells?
A) H+
B) Na+
C) K+
D) Ca+2
15) Which of the following would be least likely to affect osmosis in plants?
A) a difference in solute concentrations
B) receptor proteins in the membrane
C) aquaporins
D) a difference in water potential
16) The movement of water across biological membranes can best be predicted by ________.
A) prevailing weather conditions
B) aquaporins
C) level of active transport
D) water potentials
Prevailing優勢
17) If isolated plant cells with a water potential averaging -0.5 MPa are placed into a solution
with a water potential of -0.3 MPa, which of the following would be the most likely outcome?
A) The pressure potential of the cells would increase.
B) Water would move out of the cells.
C) The cell walls would rupture, killing the cells.
D) Solutes would move out of the cells.
20) In the transmembrane route for transport within plant tissue, ________.
A) water and solutes move out of one cell, across the cell wall, and into the neighboring cell
B) water and solutes move out of one cell, through the plasmodesmata, and into the neighboring
cell
C) water moves out of one cell, across the cell wall, and into the neighboring cell
D) solutes move out of one cell, across the plasmodesmata, and into the neighboring cell
Answer: A
3
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
21) When an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution and water enters the cell via osmosis,
the volume of the cell increases until it bursts. This does not happen to plant cells, because
________.
A) they have large central vacuoles, which provide abundant space for storage of incoming water
B) they have cell walls, which prevent the entry of water by osmosis
C) they have cell walls, which provide pressure to counteract the pressure of the incoming water
D) certain gated channel proteins embedded in their plasma membranes open as osmotic pressure
decreases, allowing excess water to leave the cell
24) Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporins
will ________.
A) have a faster rate of osmosis
B) have a lower water potential
C) have a higher water potential
D) have a faster rate of active transport
25) If you place flaccid plant cells in pure water, water ________ into cell because it has
________.
A) does not enter the cell; solutes and low water potential
B) enter the cell; solutes and low water potential
C) enter the cell; solutes and high water potential
D) does not enter the cell; solutes and high water potential
flaccid plant軟弱的植物
4
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
27) Which of the following are important components of the long-distance transport process in
plants?
I) the cohesion of water molecules
II) a negative water potential
III) the root parenchyma
IV) the active transport of solutes
V) bulk flow from source to sink
A) II, III, IV, and V
B) I, III, IV, and V
C) I, II, IV, and V
D) I, II, III, and V
Sink下沉
28) The value for Ψ in root tissue was found to be -0.15 MPa. If you take the root tissue and
place it in a 0.1 M solution of sucrose (Ψ = -0.23 MPa), the net water flow would ________.
A) be from the tissue into the sucrose solution
B) be from the sucrose solution into the tissue
C) be in both directions and the concentrations would remain equal
D) occur only as ATP was hydrolyzed in the tissue
29) Loss of water from the aerial parts of plants is called ________.
A) dehydration
B) respiration
C) gas exchange
D) transpiration
30) Which of the following contribute to the surface area available for water absorption from the
soil by a plant root system?
I) root hairs
II) endodermis
III) mycorrhizae
IV) fibrous arrangement of the roots
A) II and III
B) I, III, and IV
C) I, II, and IV
D) I, II, III, and IV
31) What is the overall charge on the cytoplasmic side of a plant cell plasma membrane?
A) positive
B) negative
C) neutral
5
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
32) A water molecule could move all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and
pass through a living cell only once. This living cell would be a part of which structure?
A) a guard cell
B) the root epidermis
C) the endodermis
D) the root cortex
33) Bulk flow is much faster than diffusion or active transport. Peak velocities in the transport of
xylem sap can range from ________ for trees with wide vessel elements.
A) 10-20 m/hr
B) 15-45 m/hr
C) 5-10 m/hr
D) >50 m/hr
35) Which of the following observations provides the strongest evidence against root pressure
being the principal mechanism of water transport in the xylem?
A) Not all soils have high concentrations of ions.
B) Root pressure requires movement of water into the xylem from surrounding cells in the roots.
C) Over long distances, the force of root pressure is not enough to overcome the force of gravity.
D) There is no water potential gradient between roots and shoots.
36) One is most likely to see guttation in small plants when the ________.
A) transpiration rates are high
B) root pressure exceeds transpiration pull
C) preceding evening was hot, windy, and dry
D) roots are not absorbing minerals from the soil
6
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
38) Transpiration in plants requires ________.
I) adhesion of water molecules to cellulose
II) cohesion between water molecules
III) evaporation of water molecules
IV) active transport through xylem cells
V) transport through tracheids
A) I, III, IV, and V
B) I, II, IV, and V
C) I, II, III, and V
D) I, II, III, and IV
39) During the nighttime, due to lack of transpiration, the water potential within the vascular
cylinder ________.
A) lowers due to accumulation of minerals
B) increases due to accumulation of minerals
C) lowers due to loss of minerals
D) increases due to loss of minerals
40) What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the
top of a tree?
A) active transport of ions into the stele
B) evaporation of water through stoma
C) the force of root pressure
D) osmosis in the root
41) Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant?
A) mesophyll cells of the leaf
B) xylem vessels in leaves
C) xylem vessels in roots
D) cells of the root cortex
42) Formation of the curved upper surface, such as occurs in a tube filled with water, is an
important factor in plant water movement. A curved upper surface is created by ________.
A) the upward pull of gravity on the water column in the tube
B) downward pressure from the atmosphere on the topmost layer of water molecules
C) the water molecules being pulled upward by adhesion to the air
D) the topmost layer of water molecules being pulled downward by the hydrogen bonds to the
water molecules below
43) Which one of the following ions plays a critical role in the opening and closing of stomata?
A) H+
B) Na+
C) K+
D) Ca+2
7
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
44) Which of the following primarily enters a plant somewhere other than through the roots?
A) carbon dioxide
B) nitrogen
C) potassium
D) water
47) Ignoring all other factors, what kind of day would result in the fastest delivery of water and
minerals to the leaves of an oak tree?
A) a cool, dry day
B) a very hot, dry, windy day
C) a warm, humid day
D) a cool, humid day
49) The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However,
the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of ________.
A) increased turgor and increased growth
B) mineral transport and increased growth
C) evaporative cooling and increased turgor
D) evaporative cooling and mineral transport
50) Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely reduce transpiration
while allowing the normal growth of a plant?
A) subjecting the leaves of the plant to a partial vacuum
B) increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant
C) putting the plant in drier soil
D) decreasing the relative humidity around the plant
8
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
51) Several tomato plants are growing in a small garden plot. If soil water potential were to drop
significantly on a hot, summer afternoon, which of the following would most likely occur?
A) Size of stomatal openings would decrease.
B) Transpiration would increase.
C) The leaves would become more turgid.
D) The uptake of carbon dioxide would be enhanced.
53) The plant hormone ________ causes stomatal closures in drought stress conditions.
A) indole-3-acetic acid
B) gibberellin
C) abscisic acid (ABA)
D) ethylene
56) Which of the following is a net sugar source for a deciduous angiosperm tree?
A) new leaves in early spring
B) fruits in summer
C) roots in early spring
D) roots in early autumn
9
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
57) Arrange the following five events in an order that explains the mass flow of materials in the
phloem.
1. Water diffuses into the sieve tubes.
2. Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis.
3. Solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes.
4. Sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf.
5. Sugar moves down the stem.
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 2, 4, 3, 1, 5
C) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
D) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5
58) Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because ________.
A) sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic
B) water pressure outside the sieve tube forces in water
C) the companion cell of a sieve tube actively pumps in water
D) sucrose has been transported out of the sieve tube by active transport
59) Which of the following supports the finding that sugar translocation in phloem is an active
(energy-requiring) process?
A) Sucrose occurs in higher concentrations in companion cells than in the mesophyll cells where
it is produced.
B) Movement of water occurs from xylem to phloem and back again.
C) Strong pH differences exist between the cytoplasm of the companion cell and the mesophyll
cell.
D) ATPases are abundant in the plasma membranes of the mesophyll cells.
60) Which one of the following statements about transport of nutrients in phloem is correct?
A) Solute particles are actively transported from phloem at the source.
B) Companion cells control the rate and direction of movement of phloem sap.
C) Differences in osmotic concentration at the source and sink cause a hydrostatic pressure
gradient to be formed.
D) A sink is the part of a plant where a particular solute is produced.
61) In the pressure-flow mechanism, loading of sucrose from companion cells to sieve-tube
elements takes place through ________.
A) plasmodesmata
B) facilitated diffusion
C) sucrose-H+ symporters
D) sucrose-H+ antiporters
62) Which of the following is a correct statement about sugar movement in phloem?
A) Diffusion can account for the observed rates of transport.
B) Movement can occur both upward and downward in the plant.
C) Sugar is translocated from sinks to sources.
D) Only phloem cells with nuclei can perform sugar movement.
10
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
63) Plants do not have a circulatory system like that of some animals. If a water molecule in a
plant did "circulate" (that is, go from one point in a plant to another and back in the same day), it
would require the activity of ________.
A) only the xylem
B) only the phloem
C) only the endodermis
D) both the xylem and the phloem
64) Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit rather than a
composite of many individual cells. Which of the following cellular structures best supports this
view?
A) cell wall
B) cell membrane
C) vacuole
D) plasmodesmata
65) Plasmodesmata can change in number, and when dilated can provide a passageway for
________.
A) macromolecules
B) ribosomes
C) chloroplasts
D) mitochondria
1) Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by
roots?
A) mycorrhizae
B) pumping through plasmodesmata
C) active uptake by vessel elements
D) rhythmic contractions by cells in the root cortex
6) A plant cell with a ΨS of -0.65 MPa maintains a constant volume when bathed in a solution
that has a ΨS of -0.30 MPa and is in an open container. The cell has a
A) ΨP of +0.65 MPa.
B) Ψ of -0.65 MPa.
C) ΨP of +0.35 MPa.
D) ΨP of 0 MPa.
第七題重複已刪
12
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.