Extra hepatic biliary apparatus

It is an apparatus made up for collection of bile

from liver stored in gall bladder & transmits to
2nd part of duodenum
It consists of
1. Hepatic ducts
2. Common hepatic ducts
3. Gall bladder
4. Cystic duct
5. Bile duct
Hepatic ducts - there are two hepatic ducts
arising from Rt & Lt lobe of liver these hepatic
ducts starts from porta hepatis of liver these two
hepatic ducts joins to form common hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct - it is 3 cm long it receives
cystic duct to form bile duct
Gall bladder - it is situated in fossa for gall
bladder on the inferior surface of liver
Size - it is 7 cm long & 3 cm wide
Parts of gall bladder - it has
a) Fundus
b) Body
 c) Neck
Fundus - it is present at the level of 9th costal
cartilage on the RT side it anteriorly related with
anterior abdominal wall & posteriorly with
beginning of transverse colon
Body - is related superiorly to the liver & inferiorly
to 1st part of duodenum, head of pancreas,
transverse colon
Neck - is narrow & shows a small dilatation i.e.
pouch is known as Hartman’s pouch
Inside the neck there is a spiral valve (valve of
hister) which controls the release of bile from gall
bladder
Functions of gall bladder –
1. It stores the bile
2. It concentrates the bile
3. It release bile whenever required
4. Bile is secretion liver not the gall bladder it is
only stored in gall bladder
Blood supply – Cystic artery - it is branch of
hepatic artery (branch of coeliac trunk)
Venous drainage - portal vein
Lympathetic drainage - in to cystic group
Cystic duct - it is continuation of neck of gall
bladder it is 1’’long & it joins the bile duct the
spiral valve is continue in the cystic duct
Function - transport of bile to bile duct
Bile duct - it is formed by union of common
hepatic duct & cystic duct
Length - it is 8 cm long
It goes downwards in the free margin of lesser
Omentum & comes to 2nd part of duodenum
Here it is joined by pancreatic duct to form hepato-
pancreatic ampulla or duct
This ampulla shows a dilatation known as ampulla
of vater it opens in 2nd part of duodenum
The ampulla of vater is guarded by a sphincter
known as sphincter of oddi
This is the junction of foregut & mid gut
Blood supply -
1. Mainly by branches of cystic artery
2. Superior pancreatico-duodenal artery
Venous drainage - portal vein
Lympathetic drainage -
1. Cystic group
2. Hepatic group
3. Pancreatico-splenic group & ultimately to
coeliac group
Nerve supply - cystic plexus of nerves
Applied anatomy
1. Inflammation to gall bladder is known as
cholecystitis
2. Formation of gall stones takes place in gall
bladder this happens more commonly in fat
fertile females of age group 40 – 50 yrs
3. The pain in gall bladder is felt at the 9th
costal cartilage Rt side & is known as
Murphy’s sign
4. Hartman’s pouch is common site for gall
bladder stones
5. Removal of gall bladder is called as
cholecystoectomy
6. Humeral contraction of gall bladder - gall
bladder contracts when food is rich in fat
enters duodenum
7. Cholecystography